1
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Boukarkour Y, Reculusa S, Sojic N, Kuhn A, Salinas G. Wireless Light-Emitting Electrode Arrays for the Evaluation of Electrocatalytic Activity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400078. [PMID: 38470292 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Water splitting has become a sustainable and clean alternative for hydrogen production. Commonly, the efficiency of such reactions is intimately related to the physico-chemical properties of the catalysts that constitute the electrolyzer. Thus, the development of simple and fast methods to evaluate the electrocatalytic efficiency of an electrolyzer is highly required. In this work, we present an unconventional method based on the combination of bipolar electrochemistry and light-emitting diodes, which allows the evaluation of the electrocatalytic performance of the two types of catalysts, composing an electrolyzer, namely for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions, respectively. The integrated light emission of the diode acts as an optical readout of the electrocatalytic information, which simultaneously depends on the composition of the anode and the cathode. The electrocatalytic activity of Au, Pt, and Ni electrodes, connected to the LED in multiple anode/cathode configurations, towards the water splitting reactions has been evaluated. The efficiency of the electrolyzer can be represented in terms of the onset electric field (ϵonset) for light emission, obtaining variations that are in agreement with data reported with conventional electrochemistry. This work introduces a straightforward method for evaluating electrocatalysts and underscores the importance of material characterization in developing efficient electrolyzers for hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephane Reculusa
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM UMR 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM UMR 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM UMR 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Gerardo Salinas
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM UMR 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
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2
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Qin C, Yue Z, Wallace GG, Chen J. Bipolar Electrochemical Stimulation Using Conducting Polymers for Wireless Electroceuticals and Future Directions. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5041-5056. [PMID: 36260917 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry has become a powerful strategy to modulate cellular behavior and biological activity by manipulating electrical signals. Subsequent electrical stimulus-responsive conducting polymers (CPs) have advanced traditional wired electrochemical stimulation (ES) systems and developed wireless cell stimulation systems due to their electroconductivity, biocompatibility, stability, and flexibility. Bipolar electrochemistry (BPE), i.e., wireless electrochemistry, offers an effective pathway to modify wired ES systems into a desirable contactless mode, turning out a potential technique to offer fundamental insights into neural cell stimulation and neural network formation. This review commences with a brief discussion of the BPE technique and also the advantages of a bipolar electrochemical stimulation (BPES) system compared to traditional wired ES systems and other wireless ES systems. Then, the BPES system is elucidated through four aspects: the benefits of BPES, the key factors to establish BPES platforms for cell stimulation, the limits/barriers to overcome for current rigid materials in particular metals-based systems, and a brief overview of the concept proved by CPs-based systems. Furthermore, how to refine the existing BPES system from materials/devices modification that combine CP compositions with 3D fabrication/bioprinting technologies is elaborately discussed as well. Finally, the review ends together with future research directions, picturing the potential of BPES system in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Qin
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales2519, Australia
| | - Zhilian Yue
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales2519, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales2519, Australia
| | - Jun Chen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales2519, Australia
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3
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Fan S, Wang X, Li Y, Chen X, Chen H, Schultz ZD, Li Z. High-Throughput Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for Screening Chemical Sensor Candidates Enabled by Bipolar Electrochemistry. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1431-1438. [PMID: 35465660 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A variety of hydrothermal or electrochemical methods have been explored to prepare noble metal nanostructures as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. However, most of those metallic nanoarrays are structurally homogeneous, which makes it laborious to select the high-performance substrates for particular Raman sensing purposes. Here, a high-throughput SERS imaging strategy is demonstrated for the first time for screening chemical sensors with sub-nanomolar sensitivities. Bipolar electrochemistry was applied to generate Au or Au-Ag gradient nanoarrays with diverse chemical compositions, morphologies, and particle dimensions ranging from several nanometers to micrometers. The selected "hot-spots" on the Au-Ag alloy nanoarray exhibited a 660-fold enhancement in SERS intensity compared to those on the pure Au gradient nanoarray. The SERS screening of 4-aminothiophenol, 4-nitrothiophenol, and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid was carried out that provided a limit of detection (LOD) between 1 and 5 pM. The distinctive LODs among three thiophenolic Raman probes are ascribed to the differences in the affinity of the probe to the alloy, orientation of the metal-ligand monolayer, or plasmonic environment of the nanoarray surface. As a continuous, rapid, and cost-effective manner to fabricate transitional nanostructures and screen out SERS responsive sites, this method not only facilitates controllable synthesis of noble metal nanoarrays but has the potential to provide an alternative tool for ultrasensitive chemical sensing on a wide range of bimetallic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjun Fan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Yingling Li
- Instrumental Analysis Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Haotian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Zachary D. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Zheng Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
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4
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Tay NES, Lehnherr D, Rovis T. Photons or Electrons? A Critical Comparison of Electrochemistry and Photoredox Catalysis for Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2487-2649. [PMID: 34751568 PMCID: PMC10021920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Redox processes are at the heart of synthetic methods that rely on either electrochemistry or photoredox catalysis, but how do electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis compare? Both approaches provide access to high energy intermediates (e.g., radicals) that enable bond formations not constrained by the rules of ionic or 2 electron (e) mechanisms. Instead, they enable 1e mechanisms capable of bypassing electronic or steric limitations and protecting group requirements, thus enabling synthetic chemists to disconnect molecules in new and different ways. However, while providing access to similar intermediates, electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis differ in several physical chemistry principles. Understanding those differences can be key to designing new transformations and forging new bond disconnections. This review aims to highlight these differences and similarities between electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis by comparing their underlying physical chemistry principles and describing their impact on electrochemical and photochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E S Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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5
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Patterson N, Ignaszak A. Thin carbon–polypyrrole composite materials for supercapacitor electrodes by novel bipolar electrochemical setup. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Patterson
- Department of Chemistry University of New Brunswick (UNB) Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
| | - Anna Ignaszak
- Department of Chemistry University of New Brunswick (UNB) Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
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6
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Borchers JS, Campbell CR, Van Scoy SB, Clark MJ, Anand RK. Redox Cycling at an Array of Interdigitated Bipolar Electrodes for Enhanced Sensitivity in Biosensing**. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janis S. Borchers
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Claire R. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Savanah B. Van Scoy
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Morgan J. Clark
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Robbyn K. Anand
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira L. Rahn
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011-1021, United States
| | - Robbyn K. Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011-1021, United States
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8
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Defnet PA, Zhang B. Detection of Transient Nanoparticle Collision Events Using Electrochemiluminescence on a Closed Bipolar Microelectrode. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Defnet
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
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9
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Screening of electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction using bipolar electrodes fabricated by composition gradient magnetron sputtering. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Hao N, Lu J, Dai Z, Qian J, Zhang J, Guo Y, Wang K. Analysis of aqueous systems using all-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 quantum dots with stable electrochemiluminescence performance using a closed bipolar electrode. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.106559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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11
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Sandford C, Edwards MA, Klunder KJ, Hickey DP, Li M, Barman K, Sigman MS, White HS, Minteer SD. A synthetic chemist's guide to electroanalytical tools for studying reaction mechanisms. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6404-6422. [PMID: 31367303 PMCID: PMC6615219 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01545k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring reactive intermediates can provide vital information in the study of synthetic reaction mechanisms, enabling the design of new catalysts and methods. Many synthetic transformations are centred on the alteration of oxidation states, but these redox processes frequently pass through intermediates with short life-times, making their study challenging. A variety of electroanalytical tools can be utilised to investigate these redox-active intermediates: from voltammetry to in situ spectroelectrochemistry and scanning electrochemical microscopy. This perspective provides an overview of these tools, with examples of both electrochemically-initiated processes and monitoring redox-active intermediates formed chemically in solution. The article is designed to introduce synthetic organic and organometallic chemists to electroanalytical techniques and their use in probing key mechanistic questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sandford
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , USA . ; ;
| | - Martin A Edwards
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , USA . ; ;
| | - Kevin J Klunder
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , USA . ; ;
| | - David P Hickey
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , USA . ; ;
| | - Min Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , USA . ; ;
| | - Koushik Barman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , USA . ; ;
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , USA . ; ;
| | - Henry S White
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , USA . ; ;
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , USA . ; ;
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12
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Ding SN, Wang XY, Lu WX. Switches-controlled bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence arrays for high-throughput detection of cancer biomarkers. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Braun TM, Schwartz DT. Exploring the Kinetic and Thermodynamic Relationship of Charge Transfer Reactions Used in Localized Electrodeposition and Patterning in a Scanning Bipolar Cell. Front Chem 2019; 7:340. [PMID: 31157210 PMCID: PMC6530335 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar electrochemistry involves spatial separation of charge balanced reduction and oxidation reactions on an electrically floating electrode, a result of intricate coupling of the work piece with the ohmic drop in the electrochemical cell and to the thermodynamics and kinetics of the respective bipolar reactions. When paired with a rastering microjet electrode, in a scanning bipolar cell (SBC), local electrodeposition and patterning of metals beneath the microjet can be realized without direct electrical connections to the workpiece. Here, we expand on prior research detailing electrolyte design guidelines for electrodeposition and patterning with the SBC, focusing on the relationship between kinetics and thermodynamics of the respective bipolar reactions. The kinetic reversibility or irreversibility of the desired deposition reaction influences the range of possible effective bipolar counter reactions. For kinetically irreversible deposition systems (i.e., nickel), a wider thermodynamic window is available for selection of the counter reaction. For kinetically reversible systems (i.e., copper or silver) that can be easily etched, tight thermodynamic windows with a small downhill driving force for spontaneous reduction are required to prevent metal patterns from electrochemical dissolution. Furthermore, additives used for the bipolar counter reaction can influence not only the kinetics of deposition, but also the morphology and microstructure of the deposit. Cyclic voltammetry measurements help elucidate secondary parasitic reduction reactions occurring during bipolar nickel deposition and describe the thermodynamic relationship of both irreversible and reversible bipolar couples. Finally, finite element method simulations explore the influence of bipolar electrode area on current efficiency and connect experimental observations of pattern etching to thermodynamic and kinetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor M Braun
- Functional Nanostructured Materials Group, Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States.,Electrochemical Materials and Interfaces Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Daniel T Schwartz
- Electrochemical Materials and Interfaces Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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14
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Visual Voltammogram at an Array of Closed Bipolar Electrodes in a Ladder Configuration. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-019-00098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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Hu S, Gao J. Dynamic Bipolar Electrode Array for Visualized Screening of Electrode Materials in Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1117-1124. [PMID: 30507115 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Charge injection at a metal/semiconductor interface is of paramount importance for many chemical and physical processes. The dual injection of electrons and holes, for example, is necessary for electroluminescence in organic light-emitting devices. In an electrochemical cell, charge transfer across the electrode interface is responsible for redox reactions and Faradic current flow. In this work, we use polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) to visually assess the ability of metals to inject electronic charges into a luminescent polymer. Silver, aluminum, and gold microdisks are deposited between the two driving electrodes of the PLEC in the form of a horizontal array. When the PLEC is polarized, the individual disks functioned as bipolar electrodes (BPEs) to induce redox p- and n-doping reactions at their extremities, which are visualized as strongly photoluminescence-quenched growth in the luminescent polymer. The three metals initially generate highly distinct doping patterns that are consistent with differences in their work function. Over time, the doped regions continue to grow in size. Quantitative analysis of the n/p area ratio reveals an amazing convergence to a single value for all 39 BPEs, regardless of their metal type and large variation in the size of individual doped areas. We introduce the concept of a dynamic BPE, which transforms from an initial metal disk of a fixed size to one that is a composite of p- and n-doped polymer joined by the initial metallic BPE. The internal structure of the dynamic BPE, as measured by the n/p area ratio, reflects the properties of only the mixed conductor of the PLEC active layer itself when the area ratio converges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Hu
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario K7L 3N6 , Canada
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario K7L 3N6 , Canada
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16
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Zhang JD, Hao N, Lu L, Yun S, Zhu XF, Hong K, Feng LD. High-efficient preparation and screening of electrocatalysts using a closed bipolar electrode array system. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Gamero-Quijano A, Molina-Osorio AF, Peljo P, Scanlon MD. Closed bipolar electrochemistry in a four-electrode configuration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9627-9640. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamic theory underpinning closed bipolar electrochemistry in a 4-electrode configuration is presented; a technique applicable to spectro-electroanalysis, energy storage, electrocatalysis and electrodeposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Gamero-Quijano
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Limerick (UL)
- Limerick V94 T9PX
- Ireland
| | - Andrés F. Molina-Osorio
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Limerick (UL)
- Limerick V94 T9PX
- Ireland
| | - Pekka Peljo
- Research Group of Physical Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Physics
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Aalto University
- 00076 Aalto
- Finland
| | - Micheál D. Scanlon
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Limerick (UL)
- Limerick V94 T9PX
- Ireland
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18
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Zhang JD, Lu L, Zhu XF, Zhang LJ, Yun S, Duanmu CS, He L. Direct Observation of Oxidation Reaction via Closed Bipolar Electrode-Anodic Electrochemiluminescence Protocol: Structural Property and Sensing Applications. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2351-2358. [PMID: 30350590 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we developed an innovative closed bipolar electrode (BPE)-electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing strategy with generality for target detection. Based on charge balance and 100% current efficiency between the closed BPE poles and the driving electrodes, one of the driving electrodes in one cell of the closed BPE system was employed as ECL sensing surface to reflect the target on the BPE pole in the opposite cell. Compared with traditional BPE-ECL sensing method, which in general adopted the anodic ECL reagents such as Ru(bpy)32+ and its coreactant on one pole (anode) to reflect the target (occurring reduction reaction) on the other pole (cathode), the difference was that the targets occurring oxidation reaction could be detected by the anodic ECL reagents based on this strategy. To verify the feasibility of this strategy, the detection principle was stated first, and Fe(CN)64- as model target at anodic BPE pole were detected by anodic ECL reagents (Ru(bpy)32+ and TprA) on the driving electrode first. The ECL signals showed good performance for target detection. By changing the size and the material of the BPE pole where the targets were located, the detection of l-ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), and dopamine (DA) as other model targets with higher detection limit were accomplished. Visual and high-throughput detection of AA, UA, and DA were also successfully realized by an array of the closed BPE system. This closed BPE (array) system is an effective supplement of traditional BPE-ECL sensing and could greatly expand the scope of the detection target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Dong Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt Resource, School of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Lei Lu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt Resource, School of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Zhu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt Resource, School of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Li-Jing Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt Resource, School of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Shan Yun
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt Resource, School of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Chuan-Song Duanmu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt Resource, School of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Lei He
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt Resource, School of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, Jiangsu 223003, China
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Li M, Anand RK. Integration of marker-free selection of single cells at a wireless electrode array with parallel fluidic isolation and electrical lysis. Chem Sci 2018; 10:1506-1513. [PMID: 30809368 PMCID: PMC6354902 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04804e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present integration of selective single-cell capture at an array of wireless electrodes (bipolar electrodes, BPEs) with transfer into chambers, reagent exchange, fluidic isolation and rapid electrical lysis in a single platform, thus minimizing sample loss and manual intervention steps. The whole process is achieved simply by exchanging the solution in a single inlet reservoir and by adjusting the applied voltage at a pair of driving electrodes, thus making this approach particularly well-suited for a broad range of research and clinical applications. Further, the use of BPEs allows the array to be scalable to increase throughput. Specific innovations reported here include the incorporation of a leak channel to balance competing flow paths, the use of 'split BPEs' to create a distinct recapture and electrical lysis point within the reaction chamber, and the dual purposing of an ionic liquid as an immiscible phase to seal the chambers and as a conductive medium to permit electrical lysis at the split BPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , IA 50011 , USA .
| | - Robbyn K Anand
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , IA 50011 , USA .
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20
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AlTal F, Gao J. Laser-Induced Bipolar Electrochemistry-On-Demand Formation of Bipolar Electrodes in a Solid Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9737-9742. [PMID: 30001124 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar electrochemistry (BPEC) is a versatile and powerful technique that has found applications in sensing, chemical synthesis, catalysis, fuel cells, and batteries, among others. In BPEC, the reactions of interest occur at a wireless, bipolar electrode (BPE). BPEC is most commonly carried out in an electrochemical cell that contains an electrolyte solution, in which a metallic BPE is immersed and polarized when the wired driving electrodes are biased. In this article, we demonstrate BPEC in a solid light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) that does not initially contain a BPE. Shining a focused laser beam onto the mixed conductor LEC film causes the illuminated spot to function as a BPE from which redox reactions are induced and visualized. Separate experiments using a photosensitizer (widely used in polymer solar cells) confirm that a BPE is formed on-demand via photoabsorption that causes the illuminated spot to have elevated photoconductivity. The simplicity of laser-induced BPEC offers exciting opportunities to explore sciences and applications of BPEC in the new realm of solid-state organic photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faleh AlTal
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario K7L 3N6 , Canada
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario K7L 3N6 , Canada
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21
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Gao J, Chen S, AlTal F, Hu S, Bouffier L, Wantz G. Bipolar Electrode Array Embedded in a Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:32405-32410. [PMID: 28849645 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A linear array of aluminum discs is deposited between the driving electrodes of an extremely large planar polymer light-emitting electrochemical cell (PLEC). The planar PLEC is then operated at a constant bias voltage of 100 V. This promotes in situ electrochemical doping of the luminescent polymer from both the driving electrodes and the aluminum discs. These aluminum discs function as discrete bipolar electrodes (BPEs) that can drive redox reactions at their extremities. Time-lapse fluorescence imaging reveals that p- and n-doping that originated from neighboring BPEs can interact to form multiple light-emitting p-n junctions in series. This provides direct evidence of the working principle of bulk homojunction PLECs. The propagation of p-doping is faster from the BPEs than from the positive driving electrode due to electric field enhancement at the extremities of BPEs. The effect of field enhancement and the fact that the doping fronts only need to travel the distance between the neighboring BPEs to form a light-emitting junction greatly reduce the response time for electroluminescence in the region containing the BPE array. The near simultaneous formation of multiple light-emitting p-n junctions in series causes a measurable increase in cell current. This indicates that the region containing a BPE is much more conductive than the rest of the planar cell despite the latter's greater width. The p- and n-doping originating from the BPEs is initially highly confined. Significant expansion and divergence of doping occurred when the region containing the BPE array became more conductive. The shape and direction of expanded doping strongly suggest that the multiple light-emitting p-n junctions, formed between and connected by the array of metal BPEs, have functioned as a single rod-shaped BPE. This represents a new type of BPE that is formed in situ and as a combination of metal, doped polymers, and forward-biased p-n junctions connected in series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Shulun Chen
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Faleh AlTal
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Shiyu Hu
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM, CNRS, UMR 5255 , Bordeaux INP, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Guillaume Wantz
- Université de Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218 , Bordeaux INP, F-33405 Talence, France
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22
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Zhang X, Zhai Q, Xing H, Li J, Wang E. Bipolar Electrodes with 100% Current Efficiency for Sensors. ACS Sens 2017; 2:320-326. [PMID: 28723210 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A bipolar electrode (BPE) is an electron conductor that is embedded in the electrolyte solution without the direct connection with the external power source (driving electrode). When the sufficient voltage was provided, the two poles of BPE promote different oxidation and reduction reactions. During the past few years, BPEs with wireless feature and easy integration showed great promise in the various fields including asymmetric modification/synthesis, motion control, targets enrichment/separation, and chemical sensing/biosensing combined with the quantitative relationship between two poles of BPE. In this perspective paper, we first describe the concept and history of the BPE for analytical chemistry and then review the recent developments in the application of BPEs for sensing with ultrahigh current efficiency (ηc = iBPE/ichannel) including the open and closed bipolar system. Finally, we offer the guide for possible challenge faced and solution in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Zhai
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Xing
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
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23
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Xing H, Zhang X, Zhai Q, Li J, Wang E. Bipolar Electrode Based Reversible Fluorescence Switch Using Prussian Blue/Au Nanoclusters Nanocomposite Film. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3867-3872. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Xing
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhai
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Jing Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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24
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Qi Z, You S, Ren N. Wireless Electrocoagulation in Water Treatment Based on Bipolar Electrochemistry. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.01.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Zhang JD, Zhao WW, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Electrochemical behaviors in closed bipolar system with three-electrode driving mode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Bouffier L, Arbault S, Kuhn A, Sojic N. Generation of electrochemiluminescence at bipolar electrodes: concepts and applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7003-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhai Q, Gu W, Li J, Wang E. Self-Powered Bipolar Electrochromic Electrode Arrays for Direct Displaying Applications. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2543-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Zhai
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenling Gu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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28
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Xu W, Fu K, Ma C, Bohn PW. Closed bipolar electrode-enabled dual-cell electrochromic detectors for chemical sensing. Analyst 2016; 141:6018-6024. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Battery operation of a closed-BPE dual cell with colorimetric readout by smartphone camera yields a simple, inexpensive, field-deployable electrochemical sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Kaiyu Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Chaoxiong Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Paul W. Bohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
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29
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Termebaf H, Shayan M, Kiani A. Two-Step Bipolar Electrochemistry: Generation of Composition Gradient and Visual Screening of Electrocatalytic Activity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:13238-13246. [PMID: 26595192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar electrochemistry (BE) is employed for both creating electrocatalysts composition gradient and visual screening of the prepared composition on a single substrate in just two experiment runs. In a series of proof-of-principle experiments, we demonstrate gradient electrodeposition of Ni-Cu using BE; then the electrocatalytic activity of the prepared composition gradient toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is visually screened in the BE system using array of BPEs. Moreover, the morphology and the chemical composition of the Ni-Cu gradient are screened along the length of the bipolar electrode (BPE). By measuring the potential gradient over the BPE, it is also demonstrated that by controlling the concentration of the metals precursor and the supporting electrolyte, the length of the bipolar electrodeposited gradient can be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Termebaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan , Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shayan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan , Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Kiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan , Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
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30
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Pébère N, Vivier V. Local Electrochemical Measurements in Bipolar Experiments for Corrosion Studies. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Pébère
- Université de Toulouse; CIRIMAT, UPS/INPT/CNRS, ENSIACET; 31030 Toulouse cedex 4 France
| | - Vincent Vivier
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques; 4 place Jussieu F-75005 Paris France
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31
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Xu W, Ma C, Bohn PW. Coupling of Independent Electrochemical Reactions and Fluorescence at Closed Bipolar Interdigitated Electrode Arrays. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Chaoxiong Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Paul W. Bohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
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32
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Sanghapi A, Ramakrishan S, Fan S, Shannon C. In Situ Characterization of Bipolar Electrodes by using Vibrational Stark Spectroscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroelectrochemistry. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Axline Sanghapi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Auburn University; Auburn AL 36849-5312 USA
| | - Sridevi Ramakrishan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Auburn University; Auburn AL 36849-5312 USA
| | - Sanjun Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Auburn University; Auburn AL 36849-5312 USA
| | - Curtis Shannon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Auburn University; Auburn AL 36849-5312 USA
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33
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Vertically Ordered Silica Mesochannel Modified Bipolar Electrode for Electrochemiluminescence Imaging Analysis. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Loget G, Fabre B. Light-Driven Bipolar Electrochemical Logic Gates with Electrical or Optical Outputs. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Loget
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 (MaCSE) CNRS; Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Bruno Fabre
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 (MaCSE) CNRS; Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France
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35
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Tisserant G, Gillion J, Lannelongue J, Fattah Z, Garrigue P, Roche J, Zigah D, Kuhn A, Bouffier L. Single-Step Screening of the Potential Dependence of Metal Layer Morphologies along Bipolar Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline Tisserant
- University of Bordeaux; Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), ISM, UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
| | - Julie Gillion
- University of Bordeaux; Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), ISM, UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
| | - Jérémy Lannelongue
- University of Bordeaux; Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), ISM, UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
| | - Zahra Fattah
- University of Duhok; Zakho Street 38 1006 AJ Duhok Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Patrick Garrigue
- University of Bordeaux; Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), ISM, UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
| | - Jérome Roche
- University of Bordeaux; Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), ISM, UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
| | - Dodzi Zigah
- University of Bordeaux; Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), ISM, UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- University of Bordeaux; Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), ISM, UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- University of Bordeaux; Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), ISM, UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
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36
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Oleinick A, Yan J, Mao B, Svir I, Amatore C. Theory of Microwell Arrays Performing as Generators-Collectors Based on a Single Bipolar Plane Electrode. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Oleinick
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie; Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Paris 6, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR; 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and; Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 PR China
| | - Bingwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and; Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 PR China
| | - Irina Svir
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie; Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Paris 6, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR; 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Christian Amatore
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie; Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Paris 6, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR; 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
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37
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Zhang X, Shang C, Gu W, Xia Y, Li J, Wang E. A Renewable Display Platform Based on the Bipolar Electrochromic Electrode. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 P. R. China
| | - Changshuai Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 P. R. China
| | - Wenlin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 P. R. China
| | - Yong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 P. R. China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 P. R. China
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38
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Shayan M, Kiani A. Digital versatile disc bipolar electrode: A fast and low-cost approach for visual sensing of analytes and electrocatalysts screening. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 888:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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39
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Saqib M, Lai J, Zhao J, Li S, Xu G. Bipolar Electrochemical Approach with a Thin Layer of Supporting Electrolyte towards the Growth of Self-Organizing TiO2Nanotubes. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun; Jilin 130022 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 19 A Yuquanlu Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Jianping Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun; Jilin 130022 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 19 A Yuquanlu Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Jianming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun; Jilin 130022 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 19 A Yuquanlu Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Suping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun; Jilin 130022 China
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun; Jilin 130022 China
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40
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Zhang X, Chen C, Yin J, Han Y, Li J, Wang E. Portable and Visual Electrochemical Sensor Based on the Bipolar Light Emitting Diode Electrode. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4612-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Chaogui Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Jianyuan Yin
- Department
of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacy College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Yanchao Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
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41
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Loget G, Li G, Fabre B. Logic gates operated by bipolar photoelectrochemical water splitting. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11115-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new approach for the design of electrochemical logic gates, based on the polarization of a light-sensitive interface, is presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Loget
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 (MaCSE) CNRS
- Université de Rennes 1
- Campus de Beaulieu
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
| | - Gaozeng Li
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 (MaCSE) CNRS
- Université de Rennes 1
- Campus de Beaulieu
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
| | - Bruno Fabre
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 (MaCSE) CNRS
- Université de Rennes 1
- Campus de Beaulieu
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
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42
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Combinatorial electrochemistry – Processing and characterization for materials discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.md.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Loget G, Schmuki P. H₂ mapping on Pt-loaded TiO₂ nanotube gradient arrays. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:15356-15363. [PMID: 25426758 DOI: 10.1021/la504167c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a rapid screening technique for determining the optimal characteristics of nanophotocatalysts for the production of H2 on a single surface. Arrays of TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) with a gradient in length and diameter were fabricated by bipolar anodization, and a perpendicular gradient of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) was generated by the toposelective decoration of the TiO2 NTs. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution was locally triggered with a UV laser beam, and the arrays were screened in the x and y directions for spatially resolved kinetic measurements and the mapping of the optimal hydrogen production. By using this technique, we demonstrate the time-efficient and straightforward determination of the tube dimensions and Pt loading for optimized H2 production. The concept holds promise for generally improving the study of many photoreactions as a function of the physicochemical characteristic of nanophotocatalysts, which renders it highly attractive for the optimization of various important chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Loget
- Department of Materials Science WW-4, LKO, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Wu MS, Liu Z, Shi HW, Chen HY, Xu JJ. Visual electrochemiluminescence detection of cancer biomarkers on a closed bipolar electrode array chip. Anal Chem 2014; 87:530-7. [PMID: 25457383 DOI: 10.1021/ac502989f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging platform for simultaneous detection of cancer biomarkers based on a closed bipolar electrode (BPE) array. It consists of two separated channel arrays: detection channel array and sensing channel array, which are connected by a group of parallel ITO BPEs on a glass substrate. Besides, two parallel ITO strips are fabricated at the two sides of BPE array and employed as driving electrodes. After Au films are electrochemically deposited on the cathodes of the BPE array, nanobioprobes including biorecognition elements (aptamer or antibody) and a novel electrochemical tag, which is synthesized by doping thionine in silica nanoparticles (Th@SiO2 NPs), are introduced into the cathodes by immunoreaction or DNA hybridization. The Th@SiO2 coupled nanobioprobes as both recognition probes and signal amplification indicators could mediate the ECL signals of Ru(bpy)3(2+)/tripropylamine (TPA) on the anodes of BPE array through faradaic reaction due to the charge neutrality of BPE. Thus, multiplex detection of cancer biomarkers (adenosine triphosphate (ATP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), α-fetoprotein (AFP) and thrombin) is realized by forming specific sensing interfaces onto the cathodic poles of BPEs in different sensing channels and reported by the ECL images of the Ru(bpy)3(2+)/TPA system on the anodic poles of BPEs in detection channels. The results demonstrate that this visual ECL platform enables sensitive detection with excellent reproducibility, which may open a new door toward the development of simple, sensitive, cost-effective, and high throughput detection methods on biochips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Sheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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Sopha H, Roche J, Švancara I, Kuhn A. Wireless Electrosampling of Heavy Metals for Stripping Analysis with Bismuth-Based Janus Particles. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10515-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5033897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Sopha
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jérome Roche
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Ivan Švancara
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
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Krabbenborg SO, Huskens J. Electrochemically Generated Gradients. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9152-67. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Zhang X, Li J, Jia X, Li D, Wang E. Full-Featured Electrochemiluminescence Sensing Platform Based on the Multichannel Closed Bipolar System. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5595-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501246k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory
of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiaofang Jia
- State Key Laboratory
of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Dongyue Li
- State Key Laboratory
of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory
of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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49
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Antolini E. Effect of Structural Characteristics of Binary Palladium-Cobalt Fuel Cell Catalysts on the Activity for Oxygen Reduction. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Feng QM, Pan JB, Zhang HR, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Disposable paper-based bipolar electrode for sensitive electrochemiluminescence detection of a cancer biomarker. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10949-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03102d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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