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Murer P, Brannetti B, Rondeau JM, Petersen L, Egli N, Popp S, Regnier C, Richter K, Katopodis A, Huber C. Discovery and development of ANV419, an IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody fusion protein with potent CD8+ T and natural killer cell-stimulating capacity for cancer immunotherapy. MAbs 2024; 16:2381891. [PMID: 39041287 PMCID: PMC11268257 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2381891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel engineered IL-2 agonists strive to increase the therapeutic window of aldesleukin (human IL-2) by increasing selectivity toward effector over regulatory T cells and reducing dose-limiting toxicities. Here we describe ANV419, an IL-2/anti-IL2 antibody fusion protein designed for selective IL-2 receptor βγ (IL-2 Rβγ) activation by sterically hindering IL-2 from binding to IL-2 Rα. The fusion protein has an IL-2 connected to the light chain complementarity-determining region (CDR) domain of a humanized antibody that binds to IL-2 at the same epitope as IL-2 Rα. Optimization of the selectivity and pharmacological properties led to the selection of ANV419. ANV419 preferentially expands CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells over Tregs and can be safely administered at doses that elicit strong pharmacodynamic effects and efficacy in mouse tumor models. Its anti-tumor efficacy was enhanced when combined with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) checkpoint inhibitors. ANV419 also enhances the NK cell killing capacity and increases tumor growth inhibition when used alongside trastuzumab in a Her-2+ xenograft mouse model. In cynomolgus monkeys, the estimated half-life of ANV419 is 24 h, and doses that induced sustained expansion of effector cells were well tolerated without the severe toxicities typically observed with high-dose IL-2. These data support the clinical development of ANV419 in solid tumors and hematological malignancies as monotherapy and in combination with checkpoint inhibitors or agents that induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. ANV419 is currently in Phase 1/2 clinical development and may provide cancer patients with a wider therapeutic window than aldesleukin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Simone Popp
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Zhu Y, Liu J, Wu J, Feng H, Huang M, Lv H, Mei Y, Chen J, Pan Y, Zhou Y, Liu H. Discovery and characterization of hydroxylysine O-glycosylation in an engineered IL-2 fusion protein. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 205:106244. [PMID: 36737029 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, an engineered interleukin-2 (IL-2) fusion protein consisting of an anti-human serum albumin nanobody linked by ASTKG and a (G4S)2 linker to IL-2 was constructed. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) characterization was performed on the intact molecule and at the peptide level. The LC-MS molecular mass analysis for the engineered fusion protein showed the appearance of unreported +340 Da peaks, apart from the expected O-glycosylation-related peaks in the IL-2 domain. Through a combination analysis of a K120R mutated molecule (The lysine at the position of 120 was mutated to arginine while the rest amino acid sequence remain unchanged), the possibility of a non-cleaved valine-histidine-serine signal peptide was ruled out and the presence of hydroxylysine (HyK) O-glycosylation in the ASTKG linker was confirmed. HyK O-glycosylation have been reported in other proteins such as collagen, which occurs in the conserved Gly-Xaa-HyK motif and is catalyzed by lysyl hydroxylase-3 complex. The present study showed high similar conserved motif of HyK-O-glycosylation in collagen, implying the HyK O-glycosylation in the engineered IL-2 possibly was catalyzed by the Chinese hamster ovary homolog of enzymes promoting HyK O-glycosylation in collagen. Bioactivity testing results revealed that HyK-O-glycosylation had no obvious effect on the in vitro activity of engineered IL-2. Our study is the first to report HyK-O-glycosylation modifications in therapeutic proteins through LC-MS characterization and in vitro activity analysis, which expands the scope of post-translational modification knowledge of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhu
- Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyun Liu
- Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Huang
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyin Lv
- Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanli Mei
- Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoyu Chen
- Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Pan
- Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongchuan Liu
- Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China.
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Sarkar B, Ullah MA, Araf Y, Islam NN, Zohora US. Immunoinformatics-guided designing and in silico analysis of epitope-based polyvalent vaccines against multiple strains of human coronavirus (HCoV). Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1851-1871. [PMID: 33435759 PMCID: PMC7989953 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1874925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The group of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) consists of some highly pathogenic viruses that have caused several outbreaks in the past. The newly emerged strain of HCoV, the SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the recent global pandemic that has already caused the death of hundreds of thousands of people due to the lack of effective therapeutic options. METHODS In this study, immunoinformatics methods were used to design epitope-based polyvalent vaccines which are expected to be effective against four different pathogenic strains of HCoV i.e., HCoV-OC43, HCoV-SARS, HCoV-MERS, and SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS The constructed vaccines consist of highly antigenic, non-allergenic, nontoxic, conserved, and non-homologous T-cell and B-cell epitopes from all the four viral strains. Therefore, they should be able to provide strong protection against all these strains. Protein-protein docking was performed to predict the best vaccine construct. Later, the MD simulation and immune simulation of the best vaccine construct also predicted satisfactory results. Finally, in silico cloning was performed to develop a mass production strategy of the vaccine. CONCLUSION If satisfactory results are achieved in further in vivo and in vitro studies, then the vaccines designed in this study might be effective as preventative measures against the selected HCoV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishajit Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Asad Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yusha Araf
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Nafisa Nawal Islam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Salma Zohora
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Omoboyede V, Ibrahim O, Umar HI, Bello T, Adedeji AA, Khalid A, Fayojegbe ES, Ayomide AB, Chukwuemeka PO. Designing a vaccine-based therapy against Epstein-Barr virus-associated tumors using immunoinformatics approach. Comput Biol Med 2022; 150:106128. [PMID: 36179514 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is widely known due to its role in the etiology of infectious mononucleosis. However, it is the first oncovirus that was identified and has been implicated in the etiology of several types of cancers. Globally, EBV infection is associated with more than 200, 000 new cancer cases and 150, 000 deaths yearly. A prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine targeting tumors associated with EBV infection is currently lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a multiepitope-based polyvalent vaccine against EBV-associated tumors using immunoinformatics approach. The latency-associated proteins (LAP) of three strains of the virus were used in this study. Potential epitopes predicted from the proteins were analyzed and selected based on several predicted properties. Thirty viable B-cell and T-cell epitopes were selected and conjugated using various linkers alongside beta-defensin 3 as an adjuvant and pan HLA DR-binding epitope (PADRE) sequence to improve the immunogenicity of the vaccine construct. Molecular docking studies of the vaccine construct against toll-like receptors (TLRs) showed it is capable of inducing immune response via recognition by TLRs while immune simulation studies showed it could induce both cellular and humoral immune responses. Furthermore, molecular dynamics study of the complex formed by the vaccine candidate and TLR-4 showed that the complex was stable. Ultimately, the designed vaccine showed desirable properties based on in silico evaluation; however, experimental studies are needed to validate the efficacy of the vaccine against EBV-associated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Omoboyede
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria; Computer Aided Therapeutics Laboratory (CATL) Group, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria; Computer Aided Therapeutics and Drug Design (CATDD) Group, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria.
| | - Ochapa Ibrahim
- Computer Aided Therapeutics and Drug Design (CATDD) Group, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
| | - Haruna Isiyaku Umar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria; Computer Aided Therapeutics and Drug Design (CATDD) Group, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria.
| | - Taye Bello
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria.
| | - Ayodeji Adeola Adedeji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria.
| | - Aqsa Khalid
- Research Center for Modelling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Adunola Blessing Ayomide
- Computer Aided Therapeutics Laboratory (CATL) Group, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria.
| | - Prosper Obed Chukwuemeka
- Computer Aided Therapeutics Laboratory (CATL) Group, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria; Computer Aided Therapeutics and Drug Design (CATDD) Group, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria.
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Cavallero GJ, Wang Y, Nwosu C, Gu S, Meiyappan M, Zaia J. O-Glycoproteomic analysis of engineered heavily glycosylated fusion proteins using nanoHILIC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7855-7863. [PMID: 36136114 PMCID: PMC9568489 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant protein engineering design affects therapeutic properties including protein efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity. Importantly, glycosylation modulates glycoprotein therapeutic pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and effector functions. Furthermore, the development of fusion proteins requires in-depth characterization of the protein integrity and its glycosylation to evaluate their critical quality attributes. Fc-fusion proteins can be modified by complex glycosylation on the active peptide, the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain, and the linker peptides. Moreover, the type of glycosylation and the glycan distribution at a given glycosite depend on the host cell line and the expression system conditions that significantly impact safety and efficacy. Because of the inherent heterogeneity of glycosylation, it is necessary to assign glycan structural detail for glycoprotein quality control. Using conventional reversed-phase LC-MS methods, the different glycoforms at a given glycosite elute over a narrow retention time window, and glycopeptide ionization is suppressed by co-eluting non-modified peptides. To overcome this drawback, we used nanoHILIC-MS to characterize the complex glycosylation of UTI-Fc, a fusion protein that greatly increases the half-life of ulinastatin. By this methodology, we identified and characterized ulinastatin glycopeptides at the Fc domain and linker peptide. The results described herein demonstrate the advantages of nanoHILIC-MS to elucidate glycan features on glycotherapeutics that fail to be detected using traditional reversed-phase glycoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo J Cavallero
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Charles Nwosu
- Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Sheng Gu
- Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Muthuraman Meiyappan
- Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Development of a bispecific antibody targeting PD-L1 and TIGIT with optimal cytotoxicity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18011. [PMID: 36289396 PMCID: PMC9606248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) are two potential targets for cancer immunotherapy, early clinical studies showed the combination therapy of anti-PD-L1 and anti-TIGIT had synergistic efficacy both in the terms of overall response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS). It is rational to construct bispecific antibodies targeting PD-L1 and TIGIT, besides retaining the efficacy of the combination therapy, bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) can provide a new mechanism of action, such as bridging between tumor cells and T/NK cells. Here, we developed an IgG1-type bispecific antibody with optimal cytotoxicity. In this study, we thoroughly investigated 16 IgG-VHH formats with variable orientations and linker lengths, the results demonstrated that (G4S)2 linker not only properly separated two binding domains but also had the highest protein yield. Moreover, VHH-HC orientation perfectly maintained the binding and cytotoxicity activity of the variable domain of the heavy chain of heavy-chain-only antibody (VHH) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Following treatment with BiPT-23, tumor growth was significantly suppressed in vivo, with more cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells infiltration, and selective depletion of Regulatory T cells (Tregs). BiPT-23 represents novel immunotherapy engineered to prevent hyperprogression of cancer with PD-1 blockade, and preferentially killed PD-L1+ tumor cells, and TIGIT+ Tregs but maintained CD11b+F4/80+ immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME).
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Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a lymphotropic virus responsible for numerous epithelial and lymphoid cell malignancies, including gastric carcinoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Burkitt lymphoma. Hundreds of thousands of people worldwide get infected with this virus, and in most cases, this viral infection leads to cancer. Although researchers are trying to develop potential vaccines and drug therapeutics, there is still no effective vaccine to combat this virus. In this study, the immunoinformatics approach was utilized to develop a potential multiepitope subunit vaccine against the two most common subtypes of EBV, targeting three of their virulent envelope glycoproteins. Eleven cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, 11 helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes, and 10 B-cell lymphocyte (BCL) epitopes were predicted to be antigenic, nonallergenic, nontoxic, and fully conserved among the two subtypes, and nonhuman homologs were used for constructing the vaccine after much analysis. Later, further validation experiments, including molecular docking with different immune receptors (e.g., Toll-like receptors [TLRs]), molecular dynamics simulation analyses (including root means square deviation [RMSD], root mean square fluctuation [RMSF], radius of gyration [Rg], principal-component analysis [PCA], dynamic cross-correlation [DCC], definition of the secondary structure of proteins [DSSP], and Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area [MM-PBSA]), and immune simulation analyses generated promising results, ensuring the safe and stable response of the vaccine with specific immune receptors after potential administration within the human body. The vaccine's high binding affinity with TLRs was revealed in the docking study, and a very stable interaction throughout the simulation proved the potential high efficacy of the proposed vaccine. Further, in silico cloning was also conducted to design an efficient mass production strategy for future bulk industrial vaccine production. IMPORTANCE Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) vaccines have been developing for over 30 years, but polyphyletic and therapeutic vaccines have failed to get licensed. Our vaccine surpasses the limitations of many such vaccines and remains very promising, which is crucial because the infection rate is higher than most viral infections, affecting a whopping 90% of the adult population. One of the major identifications covers a holistic analysis of populations worldwide, giving us crucial information about its effectiveness for everyone's unique immunological system. We targeted three glycoproteins that enhance the virulence of the virus to design an epitope-based polyvalent vaccine against two different strains of EBV, type 1 and 2. Our methodology in this study is nonconventional yet swift to show effective results while designing vaccines.
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Effect of non-repetitive linker on in vitro and in vivo properties of an anti-VEGF scFv. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5449. [PMID: 35361822 PMCID: PMC8971466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Single chain antibody fragments (scFvs) are favored in diagnostic and therapeutic fields thanks to their small size and the availability of various engineering approaches. Linker between variable heavy (VH) and light (VL) chains of scFv covalently links these domains and it can affect scFv’s bio-physical/chemical properties and in vivo activity. Thus, scFv linker design is important for a successful scFv construction, and flexible linkers are preferred for a proper pairing of VH–VL. The flexibility of the linker is determined by length and sequence content and glycine-serine (GS) linkers are commonly preferred for scFvs based on their highly flexible profiles. Despite the advantage of this provided flexibility, GS linkers carry repeated sequences which can cause problems for PCR-based engineering approaches and immunogenicity. Here, two different linkers, a repetitive GS linker and an alternative non-repetitive linker with similar flexibility but lower immunogenicity are employed to generate anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor scFvs derived from bevacizumab. Our findings highlight a better in vitro profile of the non-repetitive linker such as a higher monomer ratio, higher thermal stability while there was no significant difference in in vivo efficacy in a zebrafish embryonic angiogenesis model. This is the first study to compare in vivo efficacy of scFvs with different linkers in a zebrafish model.
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Borrok MJ, Li Y, Harvilla PB, Vellalore Maruthachalam B, Tamot N, Prokopowitz C, Chen J, Venkataramani S, Grewal IS, Ganesan R, Singh S. Conduit CAR: Redirecting CAR T-Cell Specificity with A Universal and Adaptable Bispecific Antibody Platform. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:146-157. [PMID: 36874404 PMCID: PMC9980914 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy against hematologic malignancies has altered the treatment paradigm for patients with these diseases. Nevertheless, the occurrence of relapse due to antigen escape or heterogeneous antigen expression on tumors remains a challenge for first-generation CAR T-cell therapies as only a single tumor antigen can be targeted. To address this limitation and to add a further level of tunability and control to CAR T-cell therapies, adapter or universal CAR T-cell approaches use a soluble mediator to bridge CAR T cells with tumor cells. Adapter CARs allow simultaneous or sequential targeting of multiple tumor antigens, control of immune synapse geometry, dose control, and the potential for improved safety. Herein, we described a novel CAR T-cell adapter platform that relies on a bispecific antibody (BsAb) targeting both a tumor antigen and the GGGGS (G4S) linker commonly used in single-chain Fv (ScFv) domains expressed on CAR T-cell surfaces. We demonstrated that the BsAb can bridge CAR T cells to tumor cells and potentiate CAR T-cell activation, proliferation, and tumor cell cytolysis. The cytolytic activity of CAR T-cells was redirected to different tumor antigens by changing the BsAb in a dose-dependent manner. This study highlights the potential of G4S-displaying CAR T cells to be redirected to engage alternative tumor-associated antigens (TAA). Significance New approaches are needed to address relapsed/refractory disease and manage potential toxicities associated with CAR T-cell therapy. We describe an adapter CAR approach to redirect CAR T cells to engage novel TAA-expressing cells via a BsAb targeting a linker present on many clinical CAR T-cell therapeutics. We anticipate the use of such adapters could increase CAR T-cell efficacy and reduce potential CAR-associated toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jack Borrok
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Spring House, Pennsylvania.,M. Jack Borrok and Yonghai Li contributed equally to this article
| | - Yonghai Li
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Spring House, Pennsylvania.,M. Jack Borrok and Yonghai Li contributed equally to this article
| | | | | | - Ninkka Tamot
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jun Chen
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Spring House, Pennsylvania
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Xu T, Zhang J, Oroujeni M, Tretyakova MS, Bodenko V, Belousov MV, Orlova A, Tolmachev V, Vorobyeva A, Gräslund T. Effect of Inter-Domain Linker Composition on Biodistribution of ABD-Fused Affibody-Drug Conjugates Targeting HER2. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030522. [PMID: 35335898 PMCID: PMC8949183 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted drug conjugates based on Affibody molecules fused to an albumin-binding domain (ABD) for half-life extension have demonstrated potent anti-tumor activity in preclinical therapeutic studies. Furthermore, optimization of their molecular design might increase the cytotoxic effect on tumors and minimize systemic toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the influence of length and composition of a linker between the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted affibody molecule (ZHER2:2891) and the ABD domain on functionality and biodistribution of affibody-drug conjugates containing a microtubulin inhibitor mertansin (mcDM1) (AffiDCs). Two conjugates, having a trimeric (S3G)3 linker or a trimeric (G3S)3 linker were produced, radiolabeled with 99mTc(CO)3, and compared side-by-side in vitro and in vivo with the original ZHER2:2891-G4S-ABD-mcDM1 conjugate having a monomeric G4S linker. Both conjugates with longer linkers had a decreased affinity to HER2 and mouse and human serum albumin in vitro, however, no differences in blood retention were observed in NMRI mice up to 24 h post injection. The use of both (S3G)3 and (G3S)3 linkers reduced liver uptake of AffiDCs by approximately 1.2-fold compared with the use of a G4S linker. This finding provides important insights into the molecular design for the development of targeted drug conjugates with reduced hepatic uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (M.O.); (V.T.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 114 17 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.Z.); (T.G.)
| | - Maryam Oroujeni
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (M.O.); (V.T.)
- Department of Science and Development, Affibody AB, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Maria S. Tretyakova
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (M.S.T.); (V.B.); (A.O.)
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vitalina Bodenko
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (M.S.T.); (V.B.); (A.O.)
| | - Mikhail V. Belousov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anna Orlova
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (M.S.T.); (V.B.); (A.O.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (M.O.); (V.T.)
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (M.S.T.); (V.B.); (A.O.)
| | - Anzhelika Vorobyeva
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (M.O.); (V.T.)
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (M.S.T.); (V.B.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-70-838-74-87
| | - Torbjörn Gräslund
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 114 17 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.Z.); (T.G.)
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Zhang L, Ma S, Wei P, Zhao Y, Mu Y, Wu J, Jing W, Zhao B, Deng J, Liu Z. Small Intestinal Submucosa Membrane Modified by Fusion Peptide-Mediated Extracellular Vesicles to Promote Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101298. [PMID: 34569179 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue injury, which often occurs in daily life, remains challenging in clinical medicine. Developing a novel biomaterial with the capability to provide an ideal microenvironment and homeostasis around the wound is highly desirable for effective tissue regenerative medicine. The small intestinal submucosa (SIS) membrane possesses a precise spatial structure with excellent biocompatibility. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can achieve rapid cell proliferation and migration with little immune response by creating a satisfactory microenvironment. In this study, fusion peptide-mediated EVs are able to modify the surface of the SIS membrane via specific combination. In vitro studies prove that modified SIS membranes can promote cell migration and spreading. This phenomenon may be because of the activation of TEADs, which regulate cell behavior. By constructing a rat abdominal wall defect model, it is further demonstrated that the modified SIS membrane is more conducive to tissue regeneration. Collectively, these results suggest that SIS membranes modified by fusion peptide-mediated EVs achieve excellent biofunction and provide promising prospects for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University 12 Observatory Road Tianjin 300000 China
| | - Shiqing Ma
- School and Hospital of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University 12 Observatory Road Tianjin 300000 China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd No. 6 Plant West, Valley No. 1 Bio‐medicine Industry Park Beijing 102600 China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University 12 Observatory Road Tianjin 300000 China
| | - Yuzhu Mu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University 12 Observatory Road Tianjin 300000 China
| | - Jinzhe Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University 12 Observatory Road Tianjin 300000 China
| | - Wei Jing
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd No. 6 Plant West, Valley No. 1 Bio‐medicine Industry Park Beijing 102600 China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd No. 6 Plant West, Valley No. 1 Bio‐medicine Industry Park Beijing 102600 China
| | - Jiayin Deng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University 12 Observatory Road Tianjin 300000 China
| | - Zihao Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University 12 Observatory Road Tianjin 300000 China
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12
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Song H, Zhao G, Zhang M, Bi R, Meng X, Song J, Wang B, Liu J, Liu L, Lyu Y, Zhang X. Optimization of the UDP-Xyl biocatalytic synthesis from Crassostrea gigas by orthogonal design method. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 190:106002. [PMID: 34666163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UDP-Xyl, a nucleotide sugar involved in the biosynthesis of various glycoconjugates, is difficult to obtain and quite expensive. Biocatalysis using a one-pot multi-enzyme cascade is one of the most valuable biotransformation processes widely used in the industry. Herein, two enzymes, UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) dehydrogenase (CGIUGD) and UDP-Xyl synthase (CGIUXS) from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, which are coupled together for the biotransformation of UDP-Xyl, were characterized. The optimum pH was determined to be pH 9.0 for CGIUGD and pH 7.5 for CGIUXS. Both enzymes showed the highest activity at 37 °C. Neither enzyme is metal ion-dependent. On this basis, a single factor and orthogonal test were applied to optimize the condition of biotransformation of UDP-Xyl from UDP-Glc. Orthogonal design L9 (33) was conducted to optimize processing variables of enzyme amount, pH, and temperature. The conversion of UDP-Xyl was selected as an analysis indicator. Optimum variables were the ratio of CGIUGD to CGIUXS of 2:5, enzymatic pH of 8.0, and temperature of 37 °C, which is confirmed by three repeated validation experiments. The UDP-Xyl conversion was 69.921% in a 1 mL reaction mixture by optimized condition for 1 h. This is the first report for the biosynthesis of UDP-Xyl from oyster enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibo Song
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (College of Tree Peony), Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Guihong Zhao
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (College of Tree Peony), Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (College of Tree Peony), Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Ruiming Bi
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (College of Tree Peony), Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Xinhui Meng
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (College of Tree Peony), Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Junliu Song
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (College of Tree Peony), Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (College of Tree Peony), Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (College of Tree Peony), Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Li Liu
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yongmei Lyu
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, NO 1, Xiwang Road, Yancheng, 224051, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, NO 1, Xiwang Road, Yancheng, 224051, China.
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13
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Haberger M, Heidenreich AK, Hook M, Fichtl J, Lang R, Cymer F, Adibzadeh M, Kuhne F, Wegele H, Reusch D, Bonnington L, Bulau P. Multiattribute Monitoring of Antibody Charge Variants by Cation-Exchange Chromatography Coupled to Native Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2062-2071. [PMID: 33687195 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the product variants of a therapeutic T-cell bispecific humanized monoclonal antibody (TCB Mab, ∼200 kDa, asymmetric) and to develop an online cation-exchange chromatography native electrospray mass spectrometry method (CEC-UV-MS) for direct TCB Mab charge variant monitoring during bioprocess and formulation development. For the identification and functional evaluation of the diverse and complex TCB Mab charge variants, offline fractionation combined with comprehensive analytical testing was applied. The offline fractionation of abundant product variant peaks enabled identification of coeluting acid charge variants such as asparagine deamidation, primary and secondary Fab glycosylation (with and without sialic acid), and the presence of O-glycosylation in the G4S-linker region. Consequently, a new nonconsensus N-glycosylation motif (N-338-FG) in the heavy chain CDR region was discovered. Functional evaluation by cell-based potency testing demonstrated a clear and negative impact of both asparagine deamidations, whereas the O-glycosylation did not affect the TCB Mab biological activity. We established an online native CEC-UV-MS method, with an ammonium acetate buffer and pH gradient, to directly monitor the TCB Mab charge variants. All abundant chemical degradations and post-translational amino acid modifications already identified by offline fraction experiments and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry peptide mapping could also be monitored by the online CEC-UV-MS method. The herein reported online native CEC-UV-MS methodology represents a complementary or even alternative approach for multiattribute monitoring of biologics, offering multiple benefits, including increased throughput and reduced sample handling and intact protein information in the near-native state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Haberger
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Michaela Hook
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fichtl
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Lang
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Florian Cymer
- Pharma Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., c, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mahdi Adibzadeh
- Pharma Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., c, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Kuhne
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Harald Wegele
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Lea Bonnington
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Bulau
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
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14
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Jaskiewicz JJ, Tremblay JM, Tzipori S, Shoemaker CB. Identification and characterization of a new 34 kDa MORN motif-containing sporozoite surface-exposed protein, Cp-P34, unique to Cryptosporidium. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:761-775. [PMID: 33774040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the public health impact of childhood diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium, effective drugs and vaccines against this parasite are unavailable. Efforts to identify vaccine targets have focused on critical externally exposed virulence factors expressed in the parasite s invasive stages. However, no single surface antigen has yet been found that can elicit a significant protective immune response and it is likely that pooling multiple immune targets will be necessary. Discovery of surface proteins on Cryptosporidium sporozoites is therefore vital to this effort to develop a multi-antigenic vaccine. In this study we applied a novel single-domain camelid antibody (VHH) selection method to identify immunogenic proteins expressed on the surface of Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites. By this approach, VHHs were identified that recognize two sporozoite surface-exposed antigens, the previously identified gp900 and an unrecognized immunogenic protein, Cp-P34. This Cp-P34 antigen, which contains multiple Membrane Occupation and Recognition Nexus (MORN) repeats, is found in excysted sporozoites as well as in the parasite s intracellular stages. Cp-P34 appears to accumulate inside the parasite and transiently appears on the surface of sporozoites to be shed in trails. Identical or nearly identical orthologs of Cp-P34 are found in the Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium tyzzeri genomes. Except for the conserved MORN motifs, the Cp-P34 gene shares no significant homology with genes of other protozoans and thus appears to be unique to Cryptosporidium spp. Cp-P34 elicits immune responses in naturally exposed alpacas and warrants further investigation as a potential vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna J Jaskiewicz
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Tremblay
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Saul Tzipori
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles B Shoemaker
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA.
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15
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Hashii N, Suzuki J. Site-Specific O-Glycosylation Analysis by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Electron-Transfer/Higher-Energy Collisional Dissociation. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2271:169-178. [PMID: 33908007 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1241-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
O-glycosylation is a major post-translational modification of proteins. Accurate and detailed analysis to reveal O-glycosylation patterns at each site (site-specific O-glycosylation analysis) is essential to deeply understand glycoprotein function. Recent reports also demonstrated that unintended O-glycosylation occurs on therapeutic fusion glycoproteins; therefore, it is increasingly important to perform detailed and exhaustive O-glycosylation analysis during the development of therapeutic glycoproteins. Here, we describe a method of in-depth site-specific O-glycosylation analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using electron-transfer/higher-energy collisional dissociation (EThcD) and database analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Hashii
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Junya Suzuki
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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16
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Hossain MS, Hossan MI, Mizan S, Moin AT, Yasmin F, Akash AS, Powshi SN, Hasan AR, Chowdhury AS. Immunoinformatics approach to designing a multi-epitope vaccine against Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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17
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Robinson TM, Chen MY, Lam MT, Ykema MR, Suh J. Display of Self-Peptide on Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Decreases Phagocytic Uptake in Vitro. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2246-2251. [PMID: 32865992 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are currently investigated as gene transfer agents for the treatment of a variety of diseases. However, activation of the host immune response upon vector administration limits the use of AAV in the clinical setting. To decrease host detection of AAVs, we tested the CD47-based "don't-eat-me" signal in the context of the AAV capsid. We genetically incorporated the bioactive region of CD47, named "self-peptide" (SP), onto the surface of the AAV2 capsid. AAV mutants were structurally and functionally characterized for vector production, SP and linker incorporation into the capsid, transduction efficiency, and phagocytic susceptibility. We demonstrate that utilizing linkers improves the AAV2 capsid's tolerance to SP insertion. Notably, the SP significantly decreases the phagocytic susceptibility of AAV2 in vitro. Collectively, these results suggest that display of the SP motif on the AAV capsid surface can inhibit phagocytosis of the vector in vitro via the "don't-eat-me" signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawana M. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Maria Y. Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Michael T. Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Matthew R. Ykema
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Junghae Suh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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18
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Sarkar B, Ullah MA, Araf Y, Das S, Hosen MJ. Blueprint of epitope-based multivalent and multipathogenic vaccines: targeted against the dengue and zika viruses. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:6882-6902. [PMID: 32772811 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1804456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Both dengue virus (DENV) and zika virus (ZIKV) belong to the highly infectious Flaviviridae family that has already caused several outbreaks and epidemics in many countries. DENV and ZIKV cause two of the most wide spread mosquito-borne viral diseases in the world, dengue fever (DENF) and zika fever (ZIKF), respectively. In many regions around the world, both of these diseases can outbreak together and can be lethal as well as life-threatening. Unfortunately, there is no functional and satisfactory vaccine available to combat these viruses. Therefore, in this study, we have attempted to design a blue print of potential multivalent and multipathogenic vaccines using immunoinformatics approach, which can combat both the DENV and ZIKV infections, simultaneously. Initially, three vaccines were designed; containing highly antigenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic epitopes of T-cell (100% conserved) and B-cell from all the four DENV serotypes and ZIKV. In total, nine cytotoxic T-lymphocytic (CTL), nine helper T-lymphocytic (HTL), and seven B-cell lymphocytic (BCL) epitopes were used to construct three vaccines using three different adjuvants, designated as 'V1', 'V2', and 'V3'. Later, V3 was found to be the best vaccine construct, determined by molecular docking analysis. Thereafter, several in silico validation studies including molecular dynamics simulation and immune simulation were performed which indicated that V3 might be quite stable and should generate substantial immune response in the biological environment. However, further in vivo and in vitro validation might be required to finally confirm the safety and efficacy of our suggested vaccine constructs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishajit Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Asad Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yusha Araf
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Sowmen Das
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Physical Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Jakir Hosen
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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19
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Sarkar B, Ullah MA, Araf Y, Das S, Rahman MH, Moin AT. Designing novel epitope-based polyvalent vaccines against herpes simplex virus-1 and 2 exploiting the immunoinformatics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:6585-6605. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1803969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bishajit Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Asad Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yusha Araf
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Sowmen Das
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Physical Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Tayab Moin
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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20
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In-depth site-specific O-Glycosylation analysis of therapeutic Fc-fusion protein by electron-transfer/higher-energy collisional dissociation mass spectrometry. Biologicals 2019; 58:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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21
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Hashii N, Ishii-Watabe A. [Site-specific O-Glycosylation Analysis of Therapeutic Fc-fusion Protein by Mass Spectrometry]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2018; 138:1483-1494. [PMID: 30504662 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic Fc-fusion proteins, created by linking bioactive peptides or receptor proteins to the Fc moiety of IgG, are currently being developed. In this development process, a Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser linker (G4S linker) is often used to link the peptide/protein and the Fc portion. O-xylose-type core glycans of glycosaminoglycan are known to attach to the Ser residue on the GSG motif in the G4S linker peptide repeats of the Fc fusion protein produced using the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell expression system. In addition, a recent report demonstrated that unexpected mucin-type O-glycosylations occurred on a peptide in a bioactive peptide-Fc fusion protein; this glycosylation affected the bioactivity of the peptide. Therapeutic proteins with non-natural structures, such as Fc-fusion proteins, undergo unintended O-glycosylations; therefore, it is increasingly important to conduct detailed O-glycosylation analysis of fusion proteins during the developmental stages. In this paper, we have summarized recent reports on the unexpected O-glycosylation in fusion proteins, general O-glycosylation types and sequence motifs, and O-glycosylation analytical techniques involving O-linked oligosaccharide analysis and site-specific O-glycosylation analysis using LC/MS. In addition, we have introduced site-specific O-glycosylation analysis of Fc-fusion proteins with GS linker peptides by LC/MS using higher-energy collisional dissociation-tandem mass spectrometry (HCD-MS/MS) and electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS/MS to obtain preferential dissociation of the peptide moiety in the glycopeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Hashii
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Akiko Ishii-Watabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences
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22
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Qin H, Ramakrishna S, Nguyen S, Fountaine TJ, Ponduri A, Stetler-Stevenson M, Yuan CM, Haso W, Shern JF, Shah NN, Fry TJ. Preclinical Development of Bivalent Chimeric Antigen Receptors Targeting Both CD19 and CD22. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2018; 11:127-137. [PMID: 30581986 PMCID: PMC6300726 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite high remission rates following CAR-T cell therapy in B-ALL, relapse due to loss of the targeted antigen is increasingly recognized as a mechanism of immune escape. We hypothesized that simultaneous targeting of CD19 and CD22 may reduce the likelihood of antigen loss, thus improving sustained remission rates. A systematic approach to the generation of CAR constructs incorporating two target-binding domains led to several novel CD19/CD22 bivalent CAR constructs. Importantly, we demonstrate the challenges associated with the construction of a bivalent CAR format that preserves bifunctionality against both CD19 and CD22. Using the most active bivalent CAR constructs, we found similar transduction efficiency compared to that of either CD19 or CD22 single CARs alone. When expressed on human T cells, the optimized CD19/CD22 CAR construct induced comparable interferon γ and interleukin-2 in vitro compared to single CARs against dual-antigen-expressing as well as single-antigen-expressing cell lines. Finally, the T cells expressing CD19/CD22 CAR eradicated ALL cell line xenografts and patient-derived xenografts (PDX), including a PDX generated from a patient with CD19- relapse following CD19-directed CAR therapy. The CD19/CD22 bivalent CAR provides an opportunity to test whether simultaneous targeting may reduce risk of antigen loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Qin
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sneha Ramakrishna
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sang Nguyen
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Fountaine
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anusha Ponduri
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Constance M Yuan
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Waleed Haso
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jack F Shern
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nirali N Shah
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Terry J Fry
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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23
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Wu X, Demarest SJ. Building blocks for bispecific and trispecific antibodies. Methods 2018; 154:3-9. [PMID: 30172007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), which target two antigens or epitopes, incorporate the specificities and properties of two distinct monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) into a single molecule. As such, BsAbs can elicit synergistic activities and provide the capacity for enhanced therapeutic efficacy and/or safety compared to what can be achieved with conventional monospecific IgGs. There are many building block formats to generate BsAbs and Trispecific antibodies (TsAbs) based on combining the antigen recognition domains of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). This review describes the many and varied antibody-based building blocks used to achieve multivalency and multispecificity. These diverse building blocks provide opportunities to tailor the design of BsAbs and TsAbs to match the desired applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Wu
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10290 Campus Point Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, United States.
| | - Stephen J Demarest
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10290 Campus Point Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, United States
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24
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Zhu S, Zhu J, Song Y, Chen J, Wang L, Zhou M, Jiang P, Li W, Xue X, Zhao KN, Zhang L. Bispecific affibody molecule targeting HPV16 and HPV18E7 oncoproteins for enhanced molecular imaging of cervical cancer. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7429-7439. [PMID: 29938318 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV16 and HPV18) are now widely recognized as responsible for cervical cancer, which remains to be the most common gynecologic malignancy in women worldwide. It is well known that viral oncoproteins E6/E7 play key roles in HPV-associated cervical carcinogenesis. Thus, in vivo detection of the two oncoproteins may provide important diagnostic information influencing patient management. More recently, affibody molecules have been demonstrated to be a promising candidate for development as molecular imaging probes. Based on the two monomeric affibody molecules (ZHPV16E7 and ZHPV18E7) generated in our laboratory, here, we used a peptide linker (Gly4Ser)3 to link ZHPV16E7 and ZHPV18E7 to develop a novel heterodimeric affibody ZHPV16E7-(Gly4Ser)3-ZHPV18E7. Both biosensor and immunofluorescence assays have proved that the heterodimeric affibody molecule targeted simultaneously HPV16 and HPV18E7 proteins by binding to the viral oncoproteins. In vivo tumor-imaging experiments using the Dylight755-labeled heterodimeric affibody revealed that strongly high-contrast tumor retention of the heterodimers occurred in both HPV16- and HPV18-derived tumors of nude mice 0.5 h post-injection. The accumulation of Dylight755-labeled heterodimers in tumors was achieved over 48 h. Therefore, we believe that this novel heterodimeric affibody molecule has great potential utility in molecular imaging in vivo and diagnosis of HPV-associated cervical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanli Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshun Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiling Song
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lude Wang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshu Li
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kong-Nan Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Spahr C, Gunasekaran K, Walker KW, Shi SDH. High-resolution mass spectrometry confirms the presence of a hydroxyproline (Hyp) post-translational modification in the GGGGP linker of an Fc-fusion protein. MAbs 2017; 9:812-819. [PMID: 28506197 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1325556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible and protease resistant (G4S)n linkers are used extensively in protein engineering to connect various protein domains. Recently, several groups have observed xylose-based O-glycosylation at linker Ser residues that yield unwanted heterogeneity and may affect product quality. Because of this, an engineering effort was implemented to explore different linker sequence constructs. Here, we demonstrate the presence of an unexpected hydroxylation of a prolyl residue in the linker, made possible through the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) and MSn. The discovery started with the detection of a poorly resolved ∼+17 Da mass addition at the reduced protein chain level of an Fc-fusion construct by liquid chromatography-MS. Upon further investigation at the peptide level using HR-MS, the mass increase was determined to be +15.99 Da and was localized to the linker peptide SLSLSPGGGGGPAR [210-223]. This peptide corresponds to the C-terminus of Fc [210-216], the G4P linker [217-221], and first 2 amino acids of a growth factor [222-223]. The linker peptide was first subjected to MS2 with collision-induced dissociation (CID) activation. The fragmentation profile localized the modification to the GGGPA [218-222] portion of the peptide. Accurate mass measurement indicated that the modification is an addition of an oxygen and cannot be CH4, thus eliminating several possibilities such as Pro→Leu. However, other possibilities cannot be ruled out. Higher-energy collision-induced dissociation (HCD)-MS2 and MS3 using CID/CID were both unable to differentiate between Ala222→ Ser222 or Pro221→ Hyp221. Finally, MS3 using high-resolution CID/HCD confirmed the mass increase to be a Pro221→Hyp221 post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Spahr
- a Discovery Attribute Sciences, Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc. , Thousand Oaks , CA , USA
| | - Kannan Gunasekaran
- b Biologics Optimization, Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc. , Thousand Oaks , CA , USA
| | - Kenneth W Walker
- b Biologics Optimization, Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc. , Thousand Oaks , CA , USA
| | - Stone D-H Shi
- a Discovery Attribute Sciences, Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc. , Thousand Oaks , CA , USA
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26
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Liu F, Yang H, Wang L, Yu B. Biosynthesis of the High-Value Plant Secondary Product Benzyl Isothiocyanate via Functional Expression of Multiple Heterologous Enzymes in Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:1557-1565. [PMID: 27389525 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites that are highly nutraceutically and pharmaceutically important. Isothiocyanates, which are found abundantly in cruciferous vegetables, are believed to reduce the risk of several types of cancers and cardiovascular diseases. The challenges arising from the structural diversity and complex chemistry of these compounds have spurred great interest in producing them in large amounts in microbes. In this study, we aimed to synthesize benzyl isothiocyanate in Escherichia coli via gene mining, pathway engineering, and protein modification. Two chimeric cytochrome P450 enzymes were constructed and functionally expressed in E. coli. The E. coli cystathionine β-lyase was used to replace the plant-derived C-S lyase; its active form cannot be expressed in E. coli. Suitable desulfoglucosinolate:PAPS sulfotransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Col-0 and myrosinase from Brevicoryne brassicae were successfully mined from the database. Biosynthesis of benzyl isothiocyanate by the combined expression of the optimized enzymes in vitro was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. This study provided a proof of concept for the production of benzyl isothiocyanate by microbially produced enzymes and, importantly, laid the groundwork for further metabolic engineering of microbial cells for the production of isothiocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixia Liu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering,
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Han Yang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering,
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Limin Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering,
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bo Yu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering,
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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27
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Jee PF, Chen FS, Shu MH, Wong WF, Abdul Rahim R, AbuBakar S, Chang LY. Insertion of single-chain variable fragment (scFv) peptide linker improves surface display of influenza hemagglutinin (HA1) on non-recombinant Lactococcus lactis. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:154-162. [PMID: 27802566 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heterologous protein displayed on the surface of Lactococcus lactis using the binding domain of N-acetylmuramidase (AcmA) has a potential application in vaccine delivery. In this study, we developed a non-recombinant L. lactis surface displaying the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 hemagglutinin (HA1). Three recombinant proteins, HA1/L/AcmA, HA1/AcmA, and HA1 were overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and purified. In the binding study using flow cytometry, the HA1/L/AcmA, which contained the single-chain variable fragment (scFv) peptide linker showed significantly higher percentage of binding counts and mean fluorescence binding intensity (MFI) (51.7 ± 1.4% and 3,594.0 ± 675.9, respectively) in comparison to the HA1/AcmA without the scFv peptide linker (41.1 ± 1.5% and 1,652.0 ± 34.1, respectively). Higher amount of HA1/L/AcmA (∼2.9 × 104 molecules per cell) was displayed on L. lactis when compared to HA1/AcmA (∼1.1 × 104 molecules per cell) in the immunoblotting analysis. The HA1/L/AcmA completely agglutinated RBCs at comparable amount of protein to that of HA1/AcmA and HA1. Computational modeling of protein structures suggested that scFv peptide linker in HA1/L/AcmA kept the HA1 and the AcmA domain separated at a much longer distance in comparison to HA1/AcmA. These findings suggest that insertion of the scFv peptide linker between HA1 and AcmA improved binding of recombinant proteins to L. lactis. Hence, insertion of scFv peptide linker can be further investigated as a potential approach for improvement of heterologous proteins displayed on the surface of L. lactis using the AcmA binding domain. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:154-162, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Fong Jee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fez-Shin Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Meng-Hooi Shu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Li-Yen Chang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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28
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Tyshchuk O, Völger HR, Ferrara C, Bulau P, Koll H, Mølhøj M. Detection of a phosphorylated glycine-serine linker in an IgG-based fusion protein. MAbs 2016; 9:94-103. [PMID: 27661266 PMCID: PMC5240648 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1236165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mass determination by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of a recombinant IgG-based fusion protein (mAb1-F) produced in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells demonstrated the presence of a dominant +79 Da product variant. Using LC-MS tryptic peptide mapping analysis and collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation fragmentations, the modification was localized to the C-terminal serine residue of a glycine-serine linker [(G4S)2] of a fused heavy chain containing in total 2 (G4S)2-linkers. The modification was identified as a phosphorylation (+79.97 Da) by the presence of a 98 Da neutral loss reaction with CID, by spiking a synthetic phosphoserine peptide, and by dephosphorylation with alkaline phosphatase. A thermolysin digest combined with higher-energy collision dissociation (HCD) positioned the phosphoserine to one specific glycine-serine linker of the fused heavy chain, and the relative level of phosphorylated linker was determined to be 11.3% and 0.4% by LC-MS when the fusion protein was transiently expressed in HEK or in stably transformed Chinese hamster ovary cells, respectively. This observation demonstrates that fusions with glycine-serine linker sequences should be carefully evaluated during drug development to prevent the introduction of a phosphorylation site in therapeutic fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Tyshchuk
- a Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Hans Rainer Völger
- a Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Claudia Ferrara
- b Oncology Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Zurich , Schlieren , Switzerland
| | - Patrick Bulau
- c Roche Pharma Technical Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Hans Koll
- a Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Michael Mølhøj
- a Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH , Penzberg , Germany
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29
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One step N-glycosylation by filamentous fungi biofilm in bioreactor of a new phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor tetrazole. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3177-3181. [PMID: 27209234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and rapid process for N-glycosylation of 5-(1-(3-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2H-tetrazole-LQFM 021 (1), a new synthetic derivative of pyrazole with phosphodiesterase-3 (PDE-3) inhibitory action, vasorelaxant activity and low toxicity catalyzed by filamentous fungi biofilm in bioreactor was successfully developed. A maximum N-glycosyl yield of 68% was obtained with Cunninghamella echinulata ATCC 9244 biofilm in bioreactor with conditions of 25mgml(-1) of 1 in PDSM medium at 28°C for 96h. After extraction with ethyl acetate, the derivative was identified by Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry and (1)H-(13)C HSQC/HMBC.
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30
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Force sensing by the vascular protein von Willebrand factor is tuned by a strong intermonomer interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1208-13. [PMID: 26787887 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516214113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The large plasma glycoprotein von Willebrand factor (VWF) senses hydrodynamic forces in the bloodstream and responds to elevated forces with abrupt elongation, thereby increasing its adhesiveness to platelets and collagen. Remarkably, forces on VWF are elevated at sites of vascular injury, where VWF's hemostatic potential is important to mediate platelet aggregation and to recruit platelets to the subendothelial layer. Adversely, elevated forces in stenosed vessels lead to an increased risk of VWF-mediated thrombosis. To dissect the remarkable force-sensing ability of VWF, we have performed atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force measurements on dimers, the smallest repeating subunits of VWF multimers. We have identified a strong intermonomer interaction that involves the D4 domain and critically depends on the presence of divalent ions, consistent with results from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Dissociation of this strong interaction occurred at forces above [Formula: see text]50 pN and provided [Formula: see text]80 nm of additional length to the elongation of dimers. Corroborated by the static conformation of VWF, visualized by AFM imaging, we estimate that in VWF multimers approximately one-half of the constituent dimers are firmly closed via the strong intermonomer interaction. As firmly closed dimers markedly shorten VWF's effective length contributing to force sensing, they can be expected to tune VWF's sensitivity to hydrodynamic flow in the blood and to thereby significantly affect VWF's function in hemostasis and thrombosis.
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31
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Fekete S, Guillarme D, Sandra P, Sandra K. Chromatographic, Electrophoretic, and Mass Spectrometric Methods for the Analytical Characterization of Protein Biopharmaceuticals. Anal Chem 2015; 88:480-507. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Fekete
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d’Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d’Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Pat Sandra
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Koen Sandra
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
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32
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Spahr C, Shi SDH, Lu HS. O-glycosylation of glycine-serine linkers in recombinant Fc-fusion proteins: attachment of glycosaminoglycans and other intermediates with phosphorylation at the xylose sugar subunit. MAbs 2015; 6:904-14. [PMID: 24927272 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.28763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A xylose-based glycosaminoglycan (GAG) core was recently identified at a Ser residue in the linker sequence of a recombinant Fc fusion protein. The linker sequence, G-S-G-G-G-G, and an upstream acidic residue were serving as a substrate for O-xylosyltransferase, resulting in a major glycan composed of Xyl-Gal-Gal-GlcA and other minor intermediates. In this paper, a portion of an unrelated protein was fused to the C-terminus of an IgG Fc domain using the common (G4S) 4 linker repeat. This linker resulted in a heterogenous population of xylose-based glycans all containing at least a core Xyl. Commonly observed glycan structures include GAG-related di-, tri-, tetra-, and penta-saccharides (e.g., Xyl-Gal, Xyl-Gal-Gal, Xyl-Gal-Gal-GlcA, and Xyl-Gal-Gal-GlcA-HexNAc), as well as Xyl-Gal-Neu5Ac. Following alkaline phosphatase or sialidase treatment combined with CID fragmentation, low-level glycans with a mass addition of 79.9 Da were confirmed to be a result of phosphorylated xylose. A minute quantity of phosphorylated GAG pentasaccharides may also be sulfated (also 79.9 Da), possibly at the HexNAc moiety due to non-reactivity to alkaline phosphatase. The xylose moiety may be randomly incorporated in one of the three G-S-G sequence motifs; and the linker peptide shows evidence for multiple additions of xylose at very low levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Spahr
- Biologics Optimization; Therapeutic Discovery; Amgen Inc.; Thousand Oaks, CA USA
| | - Stone D-H Shi
- Biologics Optimization; Therapeutic Discovery; Amgen Inc.; Thousand Oaks, CA USA
| | - Hsieng S Lu
- Biologics Optimization; Therapeutic Discovery; Amgen Inc.; Thousand Oaks, CA USA
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33
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Care A, Nevalainen H, Bergquist PL, Sunna A. Effect of Trichoderma reesei Proteinases on the Affinity of an Inorganic-Binding Peptide. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:2225-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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34
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Spahr C, Kim JJ, Deng S, Kodama P, Xia Z, Tang J, Zhang R, Siu S, Nuanmanee N, Estes B, Stevens J, Zhou M, Lu HS. Recombinant human lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase Fc fusion: analysis of N- and O-linked glycans and identification and elimination of a xylose-based O-linked tetrasaccharide core in the linker region. Protein Sci 2013; 22:1739-53. [PMID: 24115046 PMCID: PMC3843628 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase Fc fusion (huLCAT-Fc) is a chimeric protein produced by fusing human Fc to the C-terminus of the human enzyme via a linker sequence. The huLCAT-Fc homodimer contains five N-linked glycosylation sites per monomer. The heterogeneity and site-specific distribution of the various glycans were examined using enzymatic digestion and LC-MS/MS, followed by automatic processing. Almost all of the N-linked glycans in human LCAT are fucosylated and sialylated. The predominant LCAT N-linked glycoforms are biantennary glycans, followed by triantennary sugars, whereas the level of tetraantennary glycans is much lower. Glycans at the Fc N-linked site exclusively contain typical asialobiantennary structures. HuLCAT-Fc was also confirmed to have mucin-type glycans attached at T407 and S409 . When LCAT-Fc fusions were constructed using a G-S-G-G-G-G linker, an unexpected +632 Da xylose-based glycosaminoglycan (GAG) tetrasaccharide core of Xyl-Gal-Gal-GlcA was attached to S418 . Several minor intermediate species including Xyl, Xyl-Gal, Xyl-Gal-Gal, and a phosphorylated GAG core were also present. The mucin-type O-linked glycans can be effectively released by sialidase and O-glycanase; however, the GAG could only be removed and localized using chemical alkaline β-elimination and targeted LC-MS/MS. E416 (the C-terminus of LCAT) combined with the linker sequence is likely serving as a substrate for peptide O-xylosyltransferase. HuLCAT-Fc shares some homology with the proposed consensus site near the linker sequence, in particular, the residues underlined PPPE416 GS418 GGGGDK. GAG incorporation can be eliminated through engineering by shifting the linker Ser residue downstream in the linker sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Spahr
- Biologics Optimization, Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc.Thousand Oaks, California, 91320
| | - Justin J Kim
- Drug Substance Development, Amgen Inc.Seattle, Washington, 98119
| | - Sihong Deng
- Drug Substance Development, Amgen Inc.Seattle, Washington, 98119
| | - Paul Kodama
- Drug Substance Development, Amgen Inc.Seattle, Washington, 98119
| | - Zhen Xia
- Protein Technologies, Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc.South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Jay Tang
- Protein Technologies, Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc.South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Richard Zhang
- Protein Technologies, Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc.South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Sophia Siu
- Biologics Optimization, Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc.Seattle, Washington, 98119
| | - Noi Nuanmanee
- Biologics Optimization, Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc.Thousand Oaks, California, 91320
| | - Bram Estes
- Biologics Optimization, Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc.Thousand Oaks, California, 91320
| | - Jennitte Stevens
- Biologics Optimization, Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc.Thousand Oaks, California, 91320
| | - Mingyue Zhou
- Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc.South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Hsieng S Lu
- Biologics Optimization, Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc.Thousand Oaks, California, 91320
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