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Viana JDS, Kubáň P, Botelho BG, Orlando RM. Multiphase electroextraction of malachite green from surface water and its determination using digital imaging and chemometric tools. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38794968 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a novel method for the quantification of malachite green (MG), a pervasive cationic dye, in surface water by synergizing multiphase electroextraction (MPEE) with digital image analysis (DIA) and partial least square discriminant analysis. Aimed at addressing the limitations of conventional DIA methods in terms of quantitation limits and selectivity, this study achieves a significant breakthrough in the preconcentration of MG using magnesium silicate as a novel sorbent. Demonstrating exceptional processing efficiency, the method allows for the analysis of 10 samples within 20 min, exhibiting remarkable sensitivity and specificity (over 0.95 and 0.90, respectively) across 156 samples in both training and test sets. Notably, the method detects MG at low concentrations (0.2 µg L-1) in complex matrices, highlighting its potential for broader application in environmental monitoring. This approach not only underscores the method's cost-effectiveness and simplicity but also its precision, making it a valuable tool for the preliminary testing of MG in surface waters. This study underscores the synergy among MPEE, DIA, and chemometric tools, presenting a cost-efficient and reliable alternative for the sensitive detection of water contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Dos Santos Viana
- Laboratório de Microfluídica e Separações, LaMS, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno Gonçalves Botelho
- Laboratório de Microfluídica e Separações, LaMS, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Orlando
- Laboratório de Microfluídica e Separações, LaMS, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Sousa DVM, Pereira FV, Boratto VHM, Orlando RM. Multiphase electroextraction as a simple and fast sample preparation alternative for the digital image determination of doxorubicin in saliva. Talanta 2023; 255:124242. [PMID: 36638654 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring chemotherapeutic drugs in biological fluids is, in many cases, extremely important for dose adjustment, the maintenance of therapies, and the control of side effects. In this work, a method for determining the doxorubicin in saliva by digital image analysis (DIA) was optimised and validated. Images from a paper point were obtained using a conventional and cheap flatbed scanner at a 600 ppp resolution. The RGB data channels were obtained from the images in a region of 15 × 15 pixels around the sorbent vertex. The paper point was used as sorbent material in sample preparation using a multiphase electroextraction system. Following optimisation using a Doehlert experimental design, the method was able to simultaneously extract 66 samples in 20 min. The high selectivity of the electric field associated with the sorption capacity of the cellulosic material allowed the chemotherapy drug to be pre-concentrated and quantified in a range between 50 and 500 μg L-1 (R2 > 0.98). The method also exhibited adequate parameters (limits of detection and quantification, recovery, and precision) indicating its potential application in the monitoring of doxorubicin and similar drugs in saliva.
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3
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Martins RO, de Araújo GL, Simas RC, Chaves AR. ELECTROMEMBRANE EXTRACTION (EME): FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS. TALANTA OPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2023.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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4
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He Y, Miggiels P, Drouin N, Lindenburg PW, Wouters B, Hankemeier T. An automated online three-phase electro-extraction setup with machine-vision process monitoring hyphenated to LC-MS analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1235:340521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Chen CS, Chen WC, Chang SY. Electromembrane Extraction of Posaconazole for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometric Detection. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060620. [PMID: 35736326 PMCID: PMC9231233 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new mode of electromembrane extraction (EME) has been developed for detection via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI/MS). Posaconazole, extracted from 8 mL of a 10 mM trifluoroacetic acid solution onto a thin polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane, was used as a model analyte. The transport was forced by an electrical potential difference between two electrodes inside the lumen of a hollow fiber and glass tube. Under an application of 80 V, cationic posaconazole in the sample solution moved toward the negative electrode inside the glass tube and was trapped by the PVDF membrane on the side. After 15 min of extraction, 3 μL of α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) solution was applied on top of the membrane, which was then analyzed by MALDI/MS. Under optimal extraction conditions, the calibration curve of posaconazole was linear over a concentration range of 0.10-100.00 nM. The limit of detection (LOD) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was 0.03 nM with an enhancement factor of 138 for posaconazole. The application of this method to the determination of posaconazole in human serum samples was also successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Sheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Kaohsiung Normal University, No. 62, Shenjhong Rd., Yanchao, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, 386 Ta-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Sarah Y. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Kaohsiung Normal University, No. 62, Shenjhong Rd., Yanchao, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-77172930 (ext. 7167)
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Development of a fast, online three-phase electroextraction hyphenated to fast liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for analysis of trace-level acid pharmaceuticals in plasma. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1192:339364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Suntornsuk L, Anurukvorakun O. Sensitivity enhancement in capillary electrophoresis and their applications for analyses of pharmaceutical and related biochemical substances. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:939-954. [PMID: 34902168 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to illustrate sensitivity enhancement methods in capillary electrophoresis (CE) and their applications for pharmaceutical and related biochemical substance analyses. The first two parts of the article describe the introduction and principle of CE. The main part focuses on strategies for sensitivity improvement in CE including detector and capillary technologies and pre-concentration techniques. Applications of these techniques for pharmaceutical and biomedical substance analyses are surveyed during the years 2018-2021. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Suntornsuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Oraphan Anurukvorakun
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Phranakorn Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10220, Thailand
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Hu W, Zhou W, Wang C, Liu Z, Chen Z. Rapid Analysis of Biological Samples Using Monolithic Polymer-Based In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction with Direct Mass Spectrometry. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6236-6243. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, No. 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, No. 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Chenlu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, No. 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, No. 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, No. 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Mikhail IE, Tehranirokh M, Gooley AA, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. Hyphenated sample preparation-electrospray and nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for biofluid analysis. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1646:462086. [PMID: 33892255 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Stand-alone electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has been advancing through enhancements in throughput, selectivity and sensitivity of mass spectrometers. Unlike traditional MS techniques which usually require extensive offline sample preparation and chromatographic separation, many sample preparation techniques are now directly coupled with stand-alone MS to enable outstanding throughput for bioanalysis. In this review, we summarize the different sample clean-up and/or analyte enrichment strategies that can be directly coupled with ESI-MS and nano-ESI-MS for the analysis of biological fluids. The overview covers the hyphenation of different sample preparation techniques including solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), slug flow micro-extraction/nano-extraction (SFME/SFNE), liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA), extraction electrospray, extraction using digital microfluidics (DMF), and electrokinetic extraction (EkE) with ESI-MS and nano-ESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibraam E Mikhail
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), Australia; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Masoomeh Tehranirokh
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), Australia; Trajan Scientific and Medical, Ringwood, VIC, 3134, Australia
| | - Andrew A Gooley
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), Australia; Trajan Scientific and Medical, Ringwood, VIC, 3134, Australia
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), Australia; Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), Australia; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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10
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On-line coupling of two-phase microelectroextraction to capillary electrophoresis – Mass spectrometry for metabolomics analyses. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Electric field-assisted multiphase extraction to increase selectivity and sensitivity in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and paper spray mass spectrometry. Talanta 2021; 224:121887. [PMID: 33379096 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, for the first time, chromatographic paper was used for a multiphase extraction assisted by an electric field (MPEF) and directly coupled to paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). Using this approach, five tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were determined in oral fluid. Firstly, the MPEF conditions were optimized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The effects of the chromatographic paper and the types of electrolyte used in the acceptor phase, the organic solvent type and the amount used in the donor phase, the extraction time, and the applied electric potential were all investigated. After optimization, the analytes were extracted from the donor solution (sample and acetonitrile 1:1 (v/v)) over a period of 10 min at 300 V, crossing the free liquid membrane (1-octanol) and reaching the acceptor phase (chromatographic paper wetted with 400 mmol L-1 acetic acid). The method using LC-MS/MS was validated, demonstrating a linear range from 2 to 12 ng mL-1, with detection and quantification limits of 0.13-0.25 and 0.44-0.84 ng mL-1, respectively, an intraday precision of less than 20%, and no matrix effect observed. The optimized MPEF conditions were then applied to determine TCAs by PS-MS and for this analysis cyclobenzaprine was used as an internal standard. The easy, fast and direct approach of coupling MPEF with PS-MS analysis, as well as the pre-concentration and the low standard deviation of replicates (less than 20%), demonstrates that this method can be useful for screening in clinical and toxicological analysis.
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He Y, Miggiels P, Wouters B, Drouin N, Guled F, Hankemeier T, Lindenburg PW. A high-throughput, ultrafast, and online three-phase electro-extraction method for analysis of trace level pharmaceuticals. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1149:338204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Amador VS, Moreira JS, Augusti R, Orlando RM, Piccin E. Direct coupling of paper spray mass spectrometry and four-phase electroextraction sample preparation. Analyst 2021; 146:1057-1064. [PMID: 33331369 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01699c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel coupling between a four-phase electroextraction (EE) system and paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) for the extraction, pre-concentration, and direct analysis of target compounds in different samples. The approach, EE-PS-MS, is based on the sorption of analytes directly on the tip of a triangular-shaped chromatographic paper, with subsequent prompt analysis by PS-MS. Thus, no off-line extraction step is required before the PS analysis, improving the protocol efficiency and reducing the analysis time. In addition to functioning as a porous material to absorb the target compounds, the chromatographic paper also served as the support for one of the aqueous phases of the optimized four-phase electroextraction system. Extraction conditions, such as the composition of the donor and organic phases, applied electric potential, and extraction time, were optimized. Three different applications, involving biofluid, food, and water quality analysis, were evaluated as a proof-of-concept. These applications involved the determination of (i) cocaine and lidocaine in saliva, (ii) malachite green in tap water, and (iii) bisphenol A (BPA) in red wine. When compared with direct PS-MS, the novel EE-PS-MS protocol improved the sensitivities by factors ranging from 14 to 110, depending on the analyte and the sample. The electroextraction procedures were performed on a laboratory-built 66-well plate, which offered the functionality of simultaneous sample handling and, most importantly, improved analytical throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Silva Amador
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Viana JDS, Caneschi de Freitas M, Botelho BG, Orlando RM. Large-volume electric field-assisted multiphase extraction of malachite green from water samples: A multisample device and method validation. Talanta 2021; 222:121540. [PMID: 33167248 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new large-volume multiphase, multi-sample electroextraction device was developed and applied to selectively extract malachite green (MG) from water samples. This device was easily constructed with ordinary materials and capable of extracting ten samples simultaneously, obtaining MG preconcentrated on a solid support, to fit into a pipette tip. A multi-well plate was applied to extract MG from aquaculture water samples, and the extracts containing the desorbed MG were analysed by LC-DAD and LC-MS/MS. The signals from both detectors were used in two independent validation procedures. Linearity, matrix effect, selectivity, precision, trueness, and limits of detection and quantification were all evaluated. For both detectors, linearity was demonstrated in the range of 0.5-5 μg L-1 (R2 > 0.98). Matrix effect was insignificant for LC-DAD only, and the average preconcentration factor was about 60 times. Recoveries ranged from 94 to 113% for LC-DAD and 95-115% for LC-MS/MS analysis. ANOVA was applied to estimate the standard deviation under repeatability (6.96-8.61% for LC-DAD and 5.98-7.41% for LC-MS/MS) and within-reproducibility (6.96-8.61% for LC-DAD and 6.56-7.41% for LC-MS/MS) conditions. The limits of detection and quantification for LC-MS/MS analysis were 4.29 and 28.74 ng L-1, respectively, while, for LC-DAD, these limits were 14.29 and 95.81 ng L-1, respectively. The results demonstrated that the developed method was suitable for determining MG in water samples, and the large-volume multiphase, multi-sample electroextraction device proved to be a powerful sample preparation technique to obtain high clean-up and large preconcentration levels, which are of paramount importance for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Dos Santos Viana
- Laboratório de Microfluídica e Separações, LaMS, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30123-970, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marina Caneschi de Freitas
- Laboratório de Microfluídica e Separações, LaMS, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30123-970, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gonçalves Botelho
- Laboratório de Microfluídica e Separações, LaMS, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30123-970, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Orlando
- Laboratório de Microfluídica e Separações, LaMS, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30123-970, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Mikhail IE, Tehranirokh M, Gooley AA, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. In‐Syringe Electrokinetic Protein Removal from Biological Samples prior to Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibraam E. Mikhail
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech) Australia
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry) University of Tasmania Private Bag 75 Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Masoomeh Tehranirokh
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech) Australia
- Trajan Scientific and Medical Ringwood VIC 3134 Australia
| | - Andrew A. Gooley
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech) Australia
- Trajan Scientific and Medical Ringwood VIC 3134 Australia
| | - Rosanne M. Guijt
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech) Australia
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures Deakin University Geelong VIC 3220 Australia
| | - Michael C. Breadmore
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech) Australia
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry) University of Tasmania Private Bag 75 Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia
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Li X, Huang A, Liao X, Chen J, Xiao Y. Restricted access supramolecular solvent based magnetic solvent bar liquid-phase microextraction for determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in human serum coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461700. [PMID: 33229009 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A hexafluroisopropanol (HFIP)-alkanol supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) based magnetic solvent bar (MSB) liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) method was proposed for extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, including ketoprofen, naproxen, indomethacin and diclofenac) in human serum. The restricted access HFIP-alkanol SUPRAS was prepared by injecting a mixture of HFIP and alkanol into water. A stainless-steel needle was inserted into a piece of hollow fiber to prepare a magnetic bar. Then the magnetic bar was dipped in SUPRAS to impregnate the wall pores of the hollow fiber, followed by placing it into the serum sample for extraction. Only 4 μL of SUPRAS was consumed per bar. The MSB not only functioned for stirring, but also played the role of extraction and magnetic separation. Under the optimal extraction conditions (seven MSBs, extraction time 33 min and stirring rate 730 rpm), which was obtained by one variable-at-a-time and response surface methodology, the novel MSB-LPME was coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to determine NSAIDs in human serum. The method showed a good linear relationship (correlation coefficients ≥ 0.9939). Method limits of detection and method limits of quantitation were in the range of 0.25-0.95 μg L-1 and 0.83-3.16 μg L-1, respectively. The recoveries for the spiked human serum samples ranged from 86.8% to 125.1% with intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations less than 9.2% and 18.1%, respectively. Moreover, the method did not require a protein precipitation step, and matrix effects of 72.8%-117.7% showed little interference with mass spectrometry detection, which was due to the double cleanup provided by the restricted access property of SUPRAS and the filtration capacity of hollow fiber. The HFIP-alkanol SUPRAS-based MSB-LPME method proved to be simple, highly efficient and environment-friendly for the pretreatment of serum/plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Anqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuxiu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Fernández-del-Campo-García MT, Casas-Ferreira AM, Rodríguez-Gonzalo E, Moreno-Cordero B, Pérez-Pavón JL. Development of a fast and reliable methodology for the determination of polyamines in urine by using a guard column as a low-resolution fractioning step prior to mass spectrometry. Comparison with flow injection-mass spectrometry analysis. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Mikhail IE, Tehranirokh M, Gooley AA, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. In‐Syringe Electrokinetic Protein Removal from Biological Samples prior to Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23162-23168. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibraam E. Mikhail
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech) Australia
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry) University of Tasmania Private Bag 75 Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Masoomeh Tehranirokh
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech) Australia
- Trajan Scientific and Medical Ringwood VIC 3134 Australia
| | - Andrew A. Gooley
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech) Australia
- Trajan Scientific and Medical Ringwood VIC 3134 Australia
| | - Rosanne M. Guijt
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech) Australia
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures Deakin University Geelong VIC 3220 Australia
| | - Michael C. Breadmore
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech) Australia
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry) University of Tasmania Private Bag 75 Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia
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19
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Dong Y, Li J, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Huang C. Unidirectional solute transfer using a Janus membrane. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Integration of three-phase microelectroextraction sample preparation into capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1610:460570. [PMID: 31607447 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A major strength of capillary electrophoresis (CE) is its ability to inject small sample volumes. However, there is a great mismatch between injection volume (typically <100 nL) and sample volumes (typically 20-1500 µL). Electromigration-based sample preparation methods are based on similar principles as CE. The combination of these methods with capillary electrophoresis could tackle obstacles in the analysis of dilute samples. This study demonstrates coupling of three-phase microelectroextraction (3PEE) to CE for sample preparation and preconcentration of large volume samples while requiring minimal adaptation of CE equipment. In this set-up, electroextraction takes place from an aqueous phase, through an organic filter phase, into an aqueous droplet that is hanging at the capillary inlet. The first visual proof-of-concept for this set-up showed successful extraction using the cationic dye crystal violet (CV). The potential of 3PEE for bioanalysis was demonstrated by successful extraction of the biogenic amines serotonin (5-HT), tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp). Under optimized conditions limits of detection (LOD) were 15 nM and 33 nM for 5-HT and Tyr respectively (with Trp as an internal standard). These LODs are comparable to other similar preconcentration methods that have been reported in conjunction with CE. Good linearity (R2 > 0.9967) was observed for both model analytes. RSDs for peak areas in technical replicates, interday and intraday variability were all satisfactory, i.e., below 14%. 5-HT, Tyr and Trp spiked to human urine were successfully extracted and separated. These results underline the great potential of 3PEE as an integrated enrichment technique from biological samples and subsequent sensitive metabolomics analysis.
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21
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Electromembrane Extraction of Highly Polar Compounds: Analysis of Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Plasma. Metabolites 2019; 10:metabo10010004. [PMID: 31861366 PMCID: PMC7022788 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major concern in today’s society, with more than 17.5 million deaths reported annually worldwide. Recently, five metabolites related to the gut metabolism of phospholipids were identified as promising predictive biomarker candidates for CVD. Validation of those biomarker candidates is crucial for applications to the clinic, showing the need for high-throughput analysis of large numbers of samples. These five compounds, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), choline, betaine, l-carnitine, and deoxy-l-carnitine (4-trimethylammoniobutanoic acid), are highly polar compounds and show poor retention on conventional reversed phase chromatography, which can lead to strong matrix effects when using mass spectrometry detection, especially when high-throughput analysis approaches are used with limited separation of analytes from interferences. In order to reduce the potential matrix effects, we propose a novel fast parallel electromembrane extraction (Pa-EME) method for the analysis of these metabolites in plasma samples. The evaluation of Pa-EME parameters was performed using multi segment injection–capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (MSI-CE-MS). Recoveries up to 100% were achieved, with variability as low as 2%. Overall, this study highlights the necessity of protein precipitation prior to EME for the extraction of highly polar compounds. The developed Pa-EME method was evaluated in terms of concentration range and response function, as well as matrix effects using fast-LC-MS/MS. Finally, the developed workflow was compared to conventional sample pre-treatment, i.e., protein precipitation using methanol, and fast-LC-MS/MS. Data show very strong correlations between both workflows, highlighting the great potential of Pa-EME for high-throughput biological applications.
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22
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Miggiels P, Wouters B, van Westen GJ, Dubbelman AC, Hankemeier T. Novel technologies for metabolomics: More for less. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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23
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Cellulose cone tip as a sorbent material for multiphase electrical field-assisted extraction of cocaine from saliva and determination by LC-MS/MS. Talanta 2019; 208:120353. [PMID: 31816720 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A porous and hydrophilic sorbent material was used in an extraction system, assisted by electric fields, for the extraction of cocaine in saliva and subsequent determination by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography associated with sequential triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The cellulose-based material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The time and voltage variables applied in the extraction process were investigated through a Doehlert experimental design, and with the best conditions found (35min and 300 V) some validation parameters were evaluated. The established working range was 1-100 μg L-1 (R2 > 0.99), and the detection and quantification limits determined were 0.3 and 0.8 μg L-1, respectively. Recoveries from 80 to 115% and coefficient of variation ≤15 and 16% for intra-day and inter-day assays, respectively, were obtained for sample concentrations of LOQ, 5, 25, and 75 μg L-1, indicating satisfactory accuracy and precision for the proposed method. In addition, the method presented no matrix effect, and the extraction efficiency was between 56 and 70%. The results showed that the material used has adequate physicochemical characteristics and can be applied as a sorbent and electrolyte support in multiphase extractions using electric fields.
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24
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Yeh CS, Cheng PS, Chang SY. Solvent-free electromembrane extraction: A new concept in electro-driven extraction. Talanta 2019; 199:296-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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25
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Jajuli MN, Hussin MH, Saad B, Rahim AA, Hébrant M, Herzog G. Electrochemically Modulated Liquid-Liquid Extraction for Sample Enrichment. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7466-7473. [PMID: 31050400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new sample preparation method is proposed for the extraction of pharmaceutical compounds (Metformin, Phenyl biguanide, and Phenformin) of varied hydrophilicity, dissolved in an aqueous sample. When in contact with an organic phase, an interfacial potential is imposed by the presence of an ion, tetramethylammonium (TMA+), common to each phase. The interfacial potential difference drives the transfer of ionic analytes across the interface and allows it to reach up to nearly 100% extraction efficiency and a 60-fold enrichment factor in optimized extraction conditions as determined by HPLC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maizatul Najwa Jajuli
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement (LCPME) , UMR 7564, CNRS - Université de Lorraine , 405 rue de Vandoeuvre , Villers-lès-Nancy , F-54600 , France.,Analytical Chemistry Section - School of Chemical Sciences - Universiti Sains Malaysia , 11800 Penang , Malaysia
| | - M Hazwan Hussin
- Analytical Chemistry Section - School of Chemical Sciences - Universiti Sains Malaysia , 11800 Penang , Malaysia
| | - Bahruddin Saad
- Analytical Chemistry Section - School of Chemical Sciences - Universiti Sains Malaysia , 11800 Penang , Malaysia.,Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department - Universiti Teknologi Petronas , 32610 Seri Iskandar , Perak , Malaysia
| | - Afidah Abdul Rahim
- Analytical Chemistry Section - School of Chemical Sciences - Universiti Sains Malaysia , 11800 Penang , Malaysia
| | - Marc Hébrant
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement (LCPME) , UMR 7564, CNRS - Université de Lorraine , 405 rue de Vandoeuvre , Villers-lès-Nancy , F-54600 , France
| | - Grégoire Herzog
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement (LCPME) , UMR 7564, CNRS - Université de Lorraine , 405 rue de Vandoeuvre , Villers-lès-Nancy , F-54600 , France
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26
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Orlando RM, Nascentes CC, Botelho BG, Moreira JS, Costa KA, de Miranda Boratto VH. Development and Evaluation of a 66-Well Plate Using a Porous Sorbent in a Four-Phase Extraction Assisted by Electric Field Approach. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6471-6478. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Mathias Orlando
- Laboratory of Microfluidics and Separations, LaMS, and Beer Production and Analysis Lab, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Clesia Cristina Nascentes
- Laboratory of Microfluidics and Separations, LaMS, and Beer Production and Analysis Lab, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Bruno Gonçalves Botelho
- Laboratory of Microfluidics and Separations, LaMS, and Beer Production and Analysis Lab, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Juliane Soares Moreira
- Laboratory of Microfluidics and Separations, LaMS, and Beer Production and Analysis Lab, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Karina Araujo Costa
- Laboratory of Microfluidics and Separations, LaMS, and Beer Production and Analysis Lab, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo de Miranda Boratto
- Laboratory of Microfluidics and Separations, LaMS, and Beer Production and Analysis Lab, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Minas Gerais Brazil
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27
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Drouin N, Kubáň P, Rudaz S, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Schappler J. Electromembrane extraction: Overview of the last decade. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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28
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Alexovič M, Dotsikas Y, Bober P, Sabo J. Achievements in robotic automation of solvent extraction and related approaches for bioanalysis of pharmaceuticals. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:402-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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29
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Recent advances in biological sample preparation methods coupled with chromatography, spectrometry and electrochemistry analysis techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Ramautar R, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. CE-MS for metabolomics: Developments and applications in the period 2014-2016. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:190-202. [PMID: 27718257 PMCID: PMC5248609 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CE–MS can be considered a useful analytical technique for the global profiling of (highly) polar and charged metabolites in various samples. Over the past few years, significant advancements have been made in CE–MS approaches for metabolomics studies. In this paper, which is a follow‐up of a previous review paper covering the years 2012–2014 (Electrophoresis 2015, 36, 212–224), recent CE–MS strategies developed for metabolomics covering the literature from July 2014 to June 2016 are outlined. Attention will be paid to new CE–MS approaches for the profiling of anionic metabolites and the potential of SPE coupled to CE–MS is also demonstrated. Representative examples illustrate the applicability of CE–MS in the fields of biomedical, clinical, microbial, plant, and food metabolomics. A complete overview of recent CE–MS‐based metabolomics studies is given in a table, which provides information on sample type and pretreatment, capillary coatings, and MS detection mode. Finally, general conclusions and perspectives are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawi Ramautar
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W Somsen
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhardus J de Jong
- Biomolecular Analysis, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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31
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32
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Oedit A, Ramautar R, Hankemeier T, Lindenburg PW. Electroextraction and electromembrane extraction: Advances in hyphenation to analytical techniques. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1170-86. [PMID: 26864699 PMCID: PMC5071742 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electroextraction (EE) and electromembrane extraction (EME) are sample preparation techniques that both require an electric field that is applied over a liquid-liquid system, which enables the migration of charged analytes. Furthermore, both techniques are often used to pre-concentrate analytes prior to analysis. In this review an overview is provided of the body of literature spanning April 2012-November 2015 concerning EE and EME, focused on hyphenation to analytical techniques. First, the theoretical aspects of concentration enhancement in EE and EME are discussed to explain extraction recovery and enrichment factor. Next, overviews are provided of the techniques based on their hyphenation to LC, GC, CE, and direct detection. These overviews cover the compounds and matrices, experimental aspects (i.e. donor volume, acceptor volume, extraction time, extraction voltage, and separation time) and the analytical aspects (i.e. limit of detection, enrichment factor, and extraction recovery). Techniques that were either hyphenated online to analytical techniques or show high potential with respect to online hyphenation are highlighted. Finally, the potential future directions of EE and EME are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Oedit
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rawi Ramautar
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Petrus W Lindenburg
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, T-Lab Building #02-01, 5A Engineering
Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Tropical
Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, S2S, 18
Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore
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34
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Kim J, Choi K, Chung DS. In-line coupling of single-drop microextraction with capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8745-52. [PMID: 26403239 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Single-drop microextraction (SDME) was in-line coupled with capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry to provide sample cleanup and enrichment simultaneously. Since there is no outlet vial in a conventional capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) configuration, it is not easy to hang a single drop in the capillary inlet for extraction. We overcame the difficulty of coupling SDME and CE-MS by using a temporary outlet reservoir. Basic drugs such as methamphetamine, amphetamine, phenethylamine, methoxyphenamine, and mephentermine were extracted from a basic sample solution to an acidic acceptor drop covered with a thin octanol layer formed at the capillary inlet tip. Compared to the CE-MS method in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, the in-line SDME-CE-MS/MS technique showed 130∼150-fold enrichment in 10 min. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of peak height ranged from 9 to 13 %. RSDs can be reduced from 4 to 6 % using mephentermine as an internal standard. We examined the pretreatment of sample with and without SDME from human urine under the full-scan mode, which confirmed that many metabolites were cleaned up by the selective extraction method of SDME. Even if the analytes from human urine were analyzed under the MRM mode used as a mass filter, there was an isobaric compound causing a disturbance to the analysis. However, in-line SDME-CE-MS/MS made it possible to perform a sample cleanup as well as sample enrichment. The research is extremely advantageous in that it is rapid, convenient, and highly sensitive for the analysis of biological samples using a commercially available instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea
| | - Kihwan Choi
- Division of Methodology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 305-340, South Korea
| | - Doo Soo Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea.
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35
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Wuethrich A, Haddad PR, Quirino JP. Green Sample Preparation for Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis of Anionic and Cationic Analytes. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4117-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504765h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Wuethrich
- Australian Centre for Research
on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences−Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Paul R. Haddad
- Australian Centre for Research
on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences−Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research
on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences−Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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36
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Jahan S, Xie H, Zhong R, Yan J, Xiao H, Fan L, Cao C. A highly efficient three-phase single drop microextraction technique for sample preconcentration. Analyst 2015; 140:3193-200. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02324b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient three-phase single drop microextraction method is presented by using an organic–aqueous compound droplet and a microdevice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Jahan
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bio-separation
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bio-separation
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
| | - Ran Zhong
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bio-separation
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
| | - Jian Yan
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bio-separation
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
| | - Liuyin Fan
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bio-separation
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
| | - Chengxi Cao
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bio-separation
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
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37
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Ramautar R, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. CE-MS for metabolomics: Developments and applications in the period 2012-2014. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:212-24. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rawi Ramautar
- Division of Analytical Biosciences; LACDR; Leiden University; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Govert W. Somsen
- AIMMS research group BioMolecular Analysis; Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry; VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Gerhardus J. de Jong
- Biomolecular Analysis; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
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38
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Wuethrich A, Haddad PR, Quirino JP. Off-line sample preparation by electrophoretic concentration using a micropipette and hydrogel. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1369:186-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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39
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Hirayama A, Wakayama M, Soga T. Metabolome analysis based on capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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40
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Raterink RJ, Lindenburg PW, Vreeken RJ, Ramautar R, Hankemeier T. Recent developments in sample-pretreatment techniques for mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Preconcentration in micro-electromembrane extraction across free liquid membranes. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 848:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Gjelstad A, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Electromembrane extraction--three-phase electrophoresis for future preparative applications. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2421-8. [PMID: 24810105 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to discuss the principle and the future potential for electromembrane extraction (EME). EME was presented in 2006 as a totally new sample preparation technique for ionized target analytes, based on electrokinetic migration across a supported liquid membrane under the influence of an external electrical field. The principle of EME is presented, and typical performance data for EME are discussed. Most work with EME up to date has been performed with low-molecular weight pharmaceutical substances as model analytes, but the principles of EME should be developed in other directions in the future to fully explore the potential. Recent research in new directions is critically reviewed, with focus on extraction of different types of chemical and biochemical substances, new separation possibilities, new approaches, and challenges related to mass transfer and background current. The intention of this critical review is to give a flavor of EME and to stimulate into more research in the area of EME. Unlike other review articles, the current one is less comprehensive, but put more emphasis on new directions for EME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Gjelstad
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
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43
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Schoonen JW, van Duinen V, Oedit A, Vulto P, Hankemeier T, Lindenburg PW. Continuous-flow microelectroextraction for enrichment of low abundant compounds. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8048-56. [PMID: 24892382 DOI: 10.1021/ac500707v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a continuous-flow microelectroextraction flow cell that allows for electric field enhanced extraction of analytes from a large volume (1 mL) of continuously flowing donor phase into a micro volume of stagnant acceptor phase (13.4 μL). We demonstrate for the first time that the interface between the stagnant acceptor phase and fast-flowing donor phase can be stabilized by a phaseguide. Chip performance was assessed by visual experiments using crystal violet. Then, extraction of a mixture of acylcarnitines was assessed by off-line coupling to reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry, resulting in concentration factors of 80.0 ± 9.2 times for hexanoylcarnitine, 73.8 ± 9.1 for octanoylcarnitine, and 34.1 ± 4.7 times for lauroylcarnitine, corresponding to recoveries of 107.8 ± 12.3%, 98.9 ± 12.3%, and 45.7 ± 6.3%, respectively, in a sample of 500 μL delivered at a flow of 50 μL min(-1) under an extraction voltage of 300 V. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of acylcarnitines spiked to urine, resulting in detection limits as low as 0.3-2 nM. Several putative endogenous acylcarnitines were found. The current flowing-to-stagnant phase microelectroextraction setup allows for the extraction of milliliter range volumes and is, as a consequence, very suited for analysis of low-abundant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Willem Schoonen
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University , Leiden, The Netherlands
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Kubáň P, Boček P. Micro-electromembrane extraction across free liquid membranes. Instrumentation and basic principles. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1346:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lin SL, Lin TY, Fuh MR. Microfluidic chip-based liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for determination of small molecules in bioanalytical applications: An update. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:1275-84. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Lin
- Department of Chemistry; Soochow University; Taipei Taiwan
| | | | - Ming-Ren Fuh
- Department of Chemistry; Soochow University; Taipei Taiwan
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The potential of electrophoretic sample pretreatment techniques and new instrumentation for bioanalysis, with a focus on peptidomics and metabolomics. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:2785-801. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This Review highlights the potential of new electromigration-based sample pretreatment techniques for bioanalysis. Sample pretreatment is a challenging part of the analytical workflow, especially in the fields of peptidomics and metabolomics, where the analytes are very diverse, both in physicochemical properties and in endogenous concentration. Electromigration-based techniques have several strengths, such as fast selective analyte concentration and that complementary information on the content of a sample can be obtained when compared with more conventional (chromatography-based) techniques. In the past decade, various new electromigration-based sample pretreatment techniques have been developed, and importantly, new instrumental setups. In this Review, we provide an introduction on electromigration and its strengths. Then, selected examples of electromigration-based sample pretreatment techniques and instrumentation are discussed, namely free-flow electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, isotachophoresis, electrodialysis, electromembrane extraction and electroextraction. Finally, the promising perspectives of electromigration-based sample pretreatment techniques are outlined.
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