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Hui H, Wang Z, Zhao X, Xu L, Yin L, Wang F, Qu L, Peng J. Gut microbiome-based thiamine metabolism contributes to the protective effect of one acidic polysaccharide from Selaginella uncinata (Desv.) Spring against inflammatory bowel disease. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:177-195. [PMID: 38464781 PMCID: PMC10921243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a serious disorder, and exploration of active compounds to treat it is necessary. An acidic polysaccharide named SUSP-4 was purified from Selaginella uncinata (Desv.) Spring, which contained galacturonic acid, galactose, xylose, arabinose, and rhamnose with the main chain structure of →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ and the branched structure of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→ . Animal experiments showed that compared with Model group, SUSP-4 significantly improved body weight status, disease activity index (DAI), colonic shortening, and histopathological damage, and elevated occludin and zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) expression in mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS). 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing indicated that SUSP-4 markedly downregulated the level of Akkermansia and Alistipes. Metabolomics results confirmed that SUSP-4 obviously elevated thiamine levels compared with Model mice by adjusting thiamine metabolism, which was further confirmed by a targeted metabolism study. Fecal transplantation experiments showed that SUSP-4 exerted an anti-IBD effect by altering the intestinal flora in mice. A mechanistic study showed that SUSP-4 markedly inhibited macrophage activation by decreasing the levels of phospho-nuclear factor kappa-B (p-NF-κB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and elevating NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels compared with Model group. In conclusion, SUSP-4 affected thiamine metabolism by regulating Akkermania and inhibited macrophage activation to adjust NF-κB/Nrf2/COX-2-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress against IBD. This is the first time that plant polysaccharides have been shown to affect thiamine metabolism against IBD, showing great potential for in-depth research and development applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Hui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Zhuoya Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Xuerong Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Innovation Materials Research and Development Center, Botanee Research Institute, Yunnan Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Liping Qu
- Innovation Materials Research and Development Center, Botanee Research Institute, Yunnan Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
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2
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Wang X, Wang P, Su Y, Wang Q, Ling Z, Yong Q. Supramolecular Deconstruction of Bamboo Holocellulose via Hydrothermal Treatment for Highly Efficient Enzymatic Conversion at Low Enzyme Dosage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911829. [PMID: 36233128 PMCID: PMC9570373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) has long been considered as an efficient and green treatment process on lignocellulosic biomass for bioconversion. However, the variations of cellulose supramolecular structures during HTP as well as their effects on subsequent enzymatic conversion are less understood. In this work, bamboo holocellulose with well-connected cellulose and hemicelluloses polysaccharides were hydrothermally treated under various temperatures. Chemical, morphological, and crystal structural determinations were performed systematically by a series of advanced characterizations. Xylan was degraded to xylooligosaccharides in the hydrolyzates accompanied by the reduced degree of polymerization for cellulose. Cellulose crystallites were found to swell anisotropically, despite the limited decrystallization by HTP. Hydrogen bond linkages between cellulose molecular chains were weakened due to above chemical and crystal variations, which therefore swelled, loosened, and separated the condensed cellulose microfibrils. Samples after HTP present notably increased surface area, favoring the adsorption and subsequent hydrolysis by cellulase enzymes. A satisfying enzymatic conversion yield (>85%) at rather low cellulase enzyme dosage (10 FPU/g glucan) was obtained, which would indicate new understandings on the green and efficient bioconversion process on lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Wang
- Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yan Su
- Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Qiang Yong
- Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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3
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Theillet FX, Luchinat E. In-cell NMR: Why and how? PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 132-133:1-112. [PMID: 36496255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy has been applied to cells and tissues analysis since its beginnings, as early as 1950. We have attempted to gather here in a didactic fashion the broad diversity of data and ideas that emerged from NMR investigations on living cells. Covering a large proportion of the periodic table, NMR spectroscopy permits scrutiny of a great variety of atomic nuclei in all living organisms non-invasively. It has thus provided quantitative information on cellular atoms and their chemical environment, dynamics, or interactions. We will show that NMR studies have generated valuable knowledge on a vast array of cellular molecules and events, from water, salts, metabolites, cell walls, proteins, nucleic acids, drugs and drug targets, to pH, redox equilibria and chemical reactions. The characterization of such a multitude of objects at the atomic scale has thus shaped our mental representation of cellular life at multiple levels, together with major techniques like mass-spectrometry or microscopies. NMR studies on cells has accompanied the developments of MRI and metabolomics, and various subfields have flourished, coined with appealing names: fluxomics, foodomics, MRI and MRS (i.e. imaging and localized spectroscopy of living tissues, respectively), whole-cell NMR, on-cell ligand-based NMR, systems NMR, cellular structural biology, in-cell NMR… All these have not grown separately, but rather by reinforcing each other like a braided trunk. Hence, we try here to provide an analytical account of a large ensemble of intricately linked approaches, whose integration has been and will be key to their success. We present extensive overviews, firstly on the various types of information provided by NMR in a cellular environment (the "why", oriented towards a broad readership), and secondly on the employed NMR techniques and setups (the "how", where we discuss the past, current and future methods). Each subsection is constructed as a historical anthology, showing how the intrinsic properties of NMR spectroscopy and its developments structured the accessible knowledge on cellular phenomena. Using this systematic approach, we sought i) to make this review accessible to the broadest audience and ii) to highlight some early techniques that may find renewed interest. Finally, we present a brief discussion on what may be potential and desirable developments in the context of integrative studies in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Xavier Theillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Enrico Luchinat
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; CERM - Magnetic Resonance Center, and Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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4
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Umeda-Hara C, Iwakawa H, Ohtani M, Demura T, Matsumoto T, Kikuchi J, Murata K, Umeda M. Tetraploidization promotes radial stem growth in poplars. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:215-220. [PMID: 36349238 PMCID: PMC9592956 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0716a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Somatic polyploidization often increases cell and organ size, thereby contributing to plant biomass production. However, as most woody plants do not undergo polyploidization, explaining the polyploidization effect on organ growth in trees remains difficult. Here we developed a new method to generate tetraploid lines in poplars through colchicine treatment of lateral buds. We found that tetraploidization induced cell enlargement in the stem, suggesting that polyploidization can increase cell size in woody plants that cannot induce polyploidization in normal development. Greenhouse growth analysis revealed that radial growth was enhanced in the basal stem of tetraploids, whereas longitudinal growth was retarded, producing the same amount of stem biomass as diploids. Woody biomass characteristics were also comparable in terms of wood substance density, saccharification efficiency, and cell wall profiling. Our results reveal tetraploidization as an effective strategy for improving woody biomass production when combined with technologies that promote longitudinal stem growth by enhancing metabolite production and/or transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikage Umeda-Hara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Iwakawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanaagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanaagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoko Matsumoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanaagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanaagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Koji Murata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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5
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Li F, Wang K, Dong X, Xu H. Structure, conformation and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide from
Morchella sextelata. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Kunhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Xiaobo Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
- Edible Fungi Center Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Huaide Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
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6
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Mengistie E, Alayat AM, Sotoudehnia F, Bokros N, DeBolt S, McDonald AG. Evaluation of Cell Wall Chemistry of Della and Its Mutant Sweet Sorghum Stalks. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1689-1703. [PMID: 35099962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall compositional (lignin and polysaccharides) variation of two sweet sorghum varieties, Della (D) and its variant REDforGREEN (RG), was evaluated at internodes (IN) and nodes (N) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and two-dimensional (2D) 1H-13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The stalks were grown in 2018 (D1 and RG1) and 2019 (D2 and RG2) seasons. In RG1, Klason lignin reductions by 16-44 and 2-26% were detected in IN and N, respectively. The analyses also revealed that lignin from the sorghum stalks was enriched in guaiacyl units and the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio was increased in RG1 and RG2, respectively, by 96% and more than 2-fold at IN and 61 and 23% at N. The glucan content was reduced by 23-27% for RG1 and by 17-22% for RG2 at internodes. Structural variations due to changes in both cellulose- and hemicellulose-based sugars were detected. The nonacylated and γ-acylated β-O-4 linkages were the main interunit linkages detected in lignin. These results indicate compositional variation of stalks due to the RG variation, and the growing season could influence their mechanical and lodging behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endalkachew Mengistie
- Renewable Materials Program, Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1132, United States
| | - Abdulbaset M Alayat
- Renewable Materials Program, Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1132, United States
| | - Farid Sotoudehnia
- Renewable Materials Program, Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1132, United States
| | - Norbert Bokros
- Plant Physiology, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Science Center North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Seth DeBolt
- Plant Physiology, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Science Center North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Armando G McDonald
- Renewable Materials Program, Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1132, United States
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7
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Nakano Y, Endo H, Gerber L, Hori C, Ihara A, Sekimoto M, Matsumoto T, Kikuchi J, Ohtani M, Demura T. Enhancement of Secondary Cell Wall Formation in Poplar Xylem Using a Self-Reinforced System of Secondary Cell Wall-Related Transcription Factors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:819360. [PMID: 35371169 PMCID: PMC8967175 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.819360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The secondary cell wall (SCW) in the xylem is one of the largest sink organs of carbon in woody plants, and is considered a promising sustainable bioresource for biofuels and biomaterials. To enhance SCW formation in poplar (Populus sp.) xylem, we developed a self-reinforced system of SCW-related transcription factors from Arabidopsis thaliana, involving VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7 (VND7), SECONDARY WALL-ASSOCIATED NAC-DOMAIN PROTEIN 1/NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING-PROMOTING FACTOR3 (SND1/NST3), and MYB46. In this system, these transcription factors were fused with the transactivation domain VP16 and expressed under the control of the Populus trichocarpa CesA18 (PtCesA18) gene promoter, creating the chimeric genes PtCesA18pro::AtVND7:VP16, PtCesA18pro::AtSND1:VP16, and PtCesA18pro::AtMYB46:VP16. The PtCesA18 promoter is active in tissues generating SCWs, and can be regulated by AtVND7, AtSND1, and AtMYB46; thus, the expression levels of PtCesA18pro::AtVND7:VP16, PtCesA18pro::AtSND1:VP16, and PtCesA18pro::AtMYB46:VP16 are expected to be boosted in SCW-generating tissues. In the transgenic hybrid aspens (Populus tremula × tremuloides T89) expressing PtCesA18pro::AtSND1:VP16 or PtCesA18pro::AtMYB46:VP16 grown in sterile half-strength Murashige and Skoog growth medium, SCW thickening was significantly enhanced in the secondary xylem cells, while the PtCesA18pro::AtVND7:VP16 plants showed stunted xylem formation, possibly because of the enhanced programmed cell death (PCD) in the xylem regions. After acclimation, the transgenic plants were transferred from the sterile growth medium to pots of soil in the greenhouse, where only the PtCesA18pro::AtMYB46:VP16 aspens survived. A nuclear magnetic resonance footprinting cell wall analysis and enzymatic saccharification analysis demonstrated that PtCesA18pro::AtMYB46:VP16 influences cell wall properties such as the ratio of syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) units of lignin, the abundance of the lignin β-aryl ether and resinol bonds, and hemicellulose acetylation levels. Together, these data indicate that we have created a self-reinforced system using SCW-related transcription factors to enhance SCW accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Nakano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Endo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Lorenz Gerber
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chiaki Hori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ihara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masayo Sekimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Misato Ohtani,
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Taku Demura,
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8
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Akiyoshi N, Ihara A, Matsumoto T, Takebayashi A, Hiroyama R, Kikuchi J, Demura T, Ohtani M. Functional Analysis of Poplar Sombrero-Type NAC Transcription Factors Yields a Strategy to Modify Woody Cell Wall Properties. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1963-1974. [PMID: 34226939 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Woody cells generate lignocellulosic biomass, which is a promising sustainable bioresource for wide industrial applications. Woody cell differentiation in vascular plants, including the model plant poplar (Populus trichocarpa), is regulated by a set of NAC family transcription factors, the VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN (VND), NAC SECONDARY CELL WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR (NST)/SND, and SOMBRERO (SMB) (VNS)-related proteins, but the precise contributions of each VNS protein to wood quality are unknown. Here, we performed a detailed functional analysis of the poplar SMB-type VNS proteins PtVNS13-PtVNS16. PtVNS13-PtVNS16 were preferentially expressed in the roots of young poplar plantlets, similar to the Arabidopsis thalianaSMB gene. PtVNS13 and PtVNS14, as well as the NST-type PtVNS11, suppressed the abnormal root cap phenotype of the Arabidopsis sombrero-3 mutant, whereas the VND-type PtVNS07 gene did not, suggesting a functional gap between SMB- or NST-type VNS proteins and VND-type VNS proteins. Overexpressing PtVNS13-PtVNS16 in Arabidopsis seedlings and poplar leaves induced ectopic xylem-vessel-like cells with secondary wall deposition, and a transient expression assay showed that PtVNS13-16 transactivated woody-cell-related genes. Interestingly, although any VNS protein rescued the pendant stem phenotype of the Arabidopsis nst1-1 nst3-1 mutant, the resulting inflorescence stems exhibited distinct cell wall properties: poplar VNS genes generated woody cell walls with higher enzymatic saccharification efficiencies compared with Arabidopsis VNS genes. Together, our data reveal clear functional diversity among VNS proteins in woody cell differentiation and demonstrate a novel VNS-based strategy for modifying woody cell wall properties toward enhanced utilization of woody biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Akiyoshi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ihara
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoko Matsumoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Arika Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ryoko Hiroyama
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8915-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8915-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
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9
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Pawlak T, Oszajca M, Szczesio M, Potrzebowski MJ. Solid-State Study of the Structure, Dynamics, and Thermal Processes of Safinamide Mesylate─A New Generation Drug for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Pharm 2021; 19:287-302. [PMID: 34856803 PMCID: PMC8728732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Safinamide mesylate
(SM), the pure active pharmaceutical
ingredient (API) recently used in Parkinson disease treatment, recrystallized
employing water–ethanol mixture of solvents (vol/vol 1:9) gives
a different crystallographic form compared to SM in Xadago
tablets. Pure SM crystallizes as a hemihydrate in the
monoclinic system with the P21 space group.
Its crystal and molecular structure were determined by means of cryo
X-ray crystallography at 100 K. SM in the Xadago tablet
exists in anhydrous form in the orthorhombic crystallographic system
with the P212121 space group. The water migration and thermal processes in the crystal
lattice were monitored by solid-state NMR spectroscopy, differential
scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. SM in Xadago in the high-humidity environment undergoes phase transformation
to the P21 form which can be easily reversed
just by heating up to 80 °C. For the commercial form of the API,
there is also a reversible thermal transformation observed between Z′ = 1 ↔ Z′ = 3 crystallographic
forms in the 0–20 °C temperature range. Analysis of molecular
motion in the crystal lattice proves that the observed conformational
polymorphism is forced by intramolecular dynamics. All above-mentioned
processes were analyzed and described employing the NMR crystallography
approach with the support of advanced theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Pawlak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Oszajca
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szczesio
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek J Potrzebowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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10
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Kikuchi J, Yamada S. The exposome paradigm to predict environmental health in terms of systemic homeostasis and resource balance based on NMR data science. RSC Adv 2021; 11:30426-30447. [PMID: 35480260 PMCID: PMC9041152 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03008f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The environment, from microbial ecosystems to recycled resources, fluctuates dynamically due to many physical, chemical and biological factors, the profile of which reflects changes in overall state, such as environmental illness caused by a collapse of homeostasis. To evaluate and predict environmental health in terms of systemic homeostasis and resource balance, a comprehensive understanding of these factors requires an approach based on the "exposome paradigm", namely the totality of exposure to all substances. Furthermore, in considering sustainable development to meet global population growth, it is important to gain an understanding of both the circulation of biological resources and waste recycling in human society. From this perspective, natural environment, agriculture, aquaculture, wastewater treatment in industry, biomass degradation and biodegradable materials design are at the forefront of current research. In this respect, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers tremendous advantages in the analysis of samples of molecular complexity, such as crude bio-extracts, intact cells and tissues, fibres, foods, feeds, fertilizers and environmental samples. Here we outline examples to promote an understanding of recent applications of solution-state, solid-state, time-domain NMR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the complex evaluation of organisms, materials and the environment. We also describe useful databases and informatics tools, as well as machine learning techniques for NMR analysis, demonstrating that NMR data science can be used to evaluate the exposome in both the natural environment and human society towards a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kikuchi
- Environmental Metabolic Analysis Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama 230-0045 Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama 230-0045 Japan
| | - Shunji Yamada
- Environmental Metabolic Analysis Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama 230-0045 Japan
- Prediction Science Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0047 Japan
- Data Assimilation Research Team, RIKEN Center for Computational Science 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0047 Japan
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11
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Kurotani A, Kakiuchi T, Kikuchi J. Solubility Prediction from Molecular Properties and Analytical Data Using an In-phase Deep Neural Network (Ip-DNN). ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14278-14287. [PMID: 34124451 PMCID: PMC8190808 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Materials informatics is an emerging field that allows us to predict the properties of materials and has been applied in various research and development fields, such as materials science. In particular, solubility factors such as the Hansen and Hildebrand solubility parameters (HSPs and SP, respectively) and Log P are important values for understanding the physical properties of various substances. In this study, we succeeded at establishing a solubility prediction tool using a unique machine learning method called the in-phase deep neural network (ip-DNN), which starts exclusively from the analytical input data (e.g., NMR information, refractive index, and density) to predict solubility by predicting intermediate elements, such as molecular components and molecular descriptors, in the multiple-step method. For improving the level of accuracy of the prediction, intermediate regression models were employed when performing in-phase machine learning. In addition, we developed a website dedicated to the established solubility prediction method, which is freely available at "http://dmar.riken.jp/matsolca/".
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kurotani
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Kakiuchi
- AGC
Yokohama Technical Center, 1-1 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate
School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama
City University, 1-7-29
Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate
School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya
University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0810, Japan
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12
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Using Solid-State 13C NMR Spectroscopy to Study the Molecular Organization of Primary Plant Cell Walls. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 32617937 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0621-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
A knowledge of the mobilities of the polysaccharides or parts of polysaccharides in a cell-wall preparation provides information about possible molecular interactions among the polysaccharides in the cell wall and the relative locations of polysaccharides within the cell wall. A number of solid-state 13C NMR techniques have been developed that can be used to investigate different types of polysaccharide mobilities: rigid, semirigid, mobile, and highly mobile. In this chapter techniques are described for obtaining spectra from primary cell-wall preparations using CP/MAS, proton-rotating frame, proton spin-spin, spin-echo relaxation spectra and single-pulse excitation. We also describe how proton spin relaxation editing can be used to obtain subspectra for cell-wall polysaccharides of different mobilities, and how 2D and 3D solid-state NMR experiments have recently been applied to plant cell walls.
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13
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Signal Deconvolution and Generative Topographic Mapping Regression for Solid-State NMR of Multi-Component Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031086. [PMID: 33499371 PMCID: PMC7865946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy provides information on native structures and the dynamics for predicting and designing the physical properties of multi-component solid materials. However, such an analysis is difficult because of the broad and overlapping spectra of these materials. Therefore, signal deconvolution and prediction are great challenges for their ssNMR analysis. We examined signal deconvolution methods using a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and a non-negative tensor/matrix factorization (NTF, NMF), and methods for predicting NMR signals and physical properties using generative topographic mapping regression (GTMR). We demonstrated the applications for macromolecular samples involved in cellulose degradation, plastics, and microalgae such as Euglena gracilis. During cellulose degradation, 13C cross-polarization (CP)-magic angle spinning spectra were separated into signals of cellulose, proteins, and lipids by STFT and NTF. GTMR accurately predicted cellulose degradation for catabolic products such as acetate and CO2. Using these methods, the 1H anisotropic spectrum of poly-ε-caprolactone was separated into the signals of crystalline and amorphous solids. Forward prediction and inverse prediction of GTMR were used to compute STFT-processed NMR signals from the physical properties of polylactic acid. These signal deconvolution and prediction methods for ssNMR spectra of macromolecules can resolve the problem of overlapping spectra and support macromolecular characterization and material design.
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14
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Hori C, Yu X, Mortimer JC, Sano R, Matsumoto T, Kikuchi J, Demura T, Ohtani M. Impact of abiotic stress on the regulation of cell wall biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2020; 37:273-283. [PMID: 33088190 PMCID: PMC7557660 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.0326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Growth of biomass for lignocellulosic biofuels and biomaterials may take place on land unsuitable for foods, meaning the biomass plants are exposed to increased abiotic stresses. Thus, the understanding how this affects biomass composition and quality is important for downstream bioprocessing. Here, we analyzed the effect of drought and salt stress on cell wall biosynthesis in young shoots and xylem tissues of Populus trichocarpa using transcriptomic and biochemical methods. Following exposure to abiotic stress, stem tissues reduced vessel sizes, and young shoots increased xylem formation. Compositional analyses revealed a reduction in the total amount of cell wall polysaccharides. In contrast, the total lignin amount was unchanged, while the ratio of S/G lignin was significantly decreased in young shoots. Consistent with these observations, transcriptome analyses show that the expression of a subset of cell wall-related genes is tightly regulated by drought and salt stresses. In particular, the expression of a part of genes encoding key enzymes for S-lignin biosynthesis, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase and ferulate 5-hydroxylase, was decreased, suggesting the lower S/G ratio could be partly attributed to the down-regulation of these genes. Together, our data identifies a transcriptional abiotic stress response strategy in poplar, which results in adaptive changes to the plant cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Hori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Research Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Xiang Yu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jenny C. Mortimer
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ryosuke Sano
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoko Matsumoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- E-mail: Tel: +81-743-72-5460 Fax: +81-743-72-5469
| | - Misato Ohtani
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
- E-mail: Tel: +81-4-7136-3673 Fax: +81-4-7136-3674
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15
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Liu X, Zhu R, Chen T, Song P, Lu F, Xu F, Ralph J, Zhang X. Mild Acetylation and Solubilization of Ground Whole Plant Cell Walls in EmimAc: A Method for Solution-State NMR in DMSO- d6. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13101-13109. [PMID: 32885955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is mainly composed of polysaccharides and lignin. The complexity and diversity of the plant cell wall polymers makes it difficult to isolate the components in pure form for characterization. Many current approaches to analyzing the structure of lignocellulose, which involve sequential extraction and characterization of the resulting fractions, are time-consuming and labor-intensive. The present study describes a new and facile system for rationally derivatizing and dissolving coarsely ground plant cell wall materials. Using ionic liquids (EmimAc) and dichloroacetyl chloride as a solvent/reagent produced mildly acetylated whole cell walls without significant degradation. The acetylated products were soluble in DMSO-d6 from which they can be characterized by solution-state two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectrometry. A distinct advantage of the procedure is that it realizes the dissolution of whole lignocellulosic materials without requiring harsh ball milling, thereby allowing the acquisition of high-resolution 2D NMR spectra to revealing structural details of the main components (lignin and polysaccharides). The method is therefore beneficial to understanding the composition and structure of biomass aimed at its improved utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Tianying Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Fachuang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.,Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Feng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Xueming Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.,Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
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16
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Perotto G, Simonutti R, Ceseracciu L, Mauri M, Besghini D, Athanassiou A. Water-induced plasticization in vegetable-based bioplastic films: A structural and thermo-mechanical study. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Kanai N, Yoshihara N, Kawamura I. Solid-state NMR characterization of triacylglycerol and polysaccharides in coffee beans. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:803-809. [PMID: 30696386 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1571899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
It is important to understand the structural characteristics of triacylglycerol (TAG), polysaccharides and trace elements in coffee beans, so that residues can be reutilized in applications including biodiesel oils. Here, we performed 1H and 13C solid-state NMR measurements on Indonesian green beans, roasted beans, and spent coffee grounds (SCGs). In the NMR spectra, there were liquid-like TAG containing linoleic acids based on observed signals of -CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH- group in an acyl chain, which play a role in decreasing TAG’s melting point. We found TAG was still abundant in the SCGs from NMR spectra. After lipids were removed from SCGs, the intensity of the TAG signal decreased considerably, with approximately 64% of the TAG was successfully extracted. We described the chemical structure of TAG in coffee beans and demonstrated that it is possible quantify the amount of extracted TAG using solid-state NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, College of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshihara
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Izuru Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, College of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
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18
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Kang X, Kirui A, Dickwella Widanage MC, Mentink-Vigier F, Cosgrove DJ, Wang T. Lignin-polysaccharide interactions in plant secondary cell walls revealed by solid-state NMR. Nat Commun 2019; 10:347. [PMID: 30664653 PMCID: PMC6341099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a complex aromatic biopolymer that strengthens and waterproofs plant secondary cell walls, enabling mechanical stability in trees and long-distance water transport in xylem. Lignin removal is a key step in paper production and biomass conversion to biofuels, motivating efforts to re-engineer lignin biosynthesis. However, the physical nature of lignin's interactions with wall polysaccharides is not well understood. Here we show that lignin self-aggregates to form highly hydrophobic and dynamically unique nanodomains, with extensive surface contacts to xylan. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy of intact maize stems, supported by dynamic nuclear polarization, reveals that lignin has abundant electrostatic interactions with the polar motifs of xylan. Lignin preferentially binds xylans with 3-fold or distorted 2-fold helical screw conformations, indicative of xylans not closely associated with cellulose. These findings advance our knowledge of the molecular-level organization of lignocellulosic biomass, providing the structural foundation for optimization of post-harvest processing for biofuels and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Alex Kirui
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel J Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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19
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Hosseinmardi A, Annamalai PK, Martine B, Pennells J, Martin DJ, Amiralian N. Facile Tuning of the Surface Energy of Cellulose Nanofibers for Nanocomposite Reinforcement. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15933-15942. [PMID: 30556019 PMCID: PMC6288779 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass, with desirable surface chemistry and morphology, has gained extensive scientific attention for various applications including polymer nanocomposite reinforcement. Additionally, environmental and economic concerns have driven researchers to explore viable alternatives to current isolation approaches, employing chemicals with reduced environmental impact. To address these issues, in this study, we have tuned the amphiphilic behavior of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) by employing controlled alkali treatment, instead of in combination with expensive, environmentally unsustainable conventional approaches. Microscopic and spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that this approach is capable of tuning composition and interfacial tension of CNFs through a careful control of the quantity of residual lignin and hemicellulose. To elucidate the performance of CNF as an efficient reinforcing nanofiller in hydrophobic polymer matrices, prevulcanized natural rubber (NR) latex was employed as a suitable host polymer. CNF/NR nanocomposites with different CNF loading levels (0.1-1 wt % CNF) were prepared by a casting method. It was found that the incorporation of 0.1 wt % CNF treated with a 0.5 w/v % sodium hydroxide solution led to the highest latex reinforcement efficiency, with an enhancement in tensile stress and toughness of 16% to 42 MPa and 9% to 197 MJ m-3, respectively. This property profile offers a potential application for the high-performance medical devices such as condoms and gloves.
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20
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Kikuchi J, Ito K, Date Y. Environmental metabolomics with data science for investigating ecosystem homeostasis. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 104:56-88. [PMID: 29405981 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A natural ecosystem can be viewed as the interconnections between complex metabolic reactions and environments. Humans, a part of these ecosystems, and their activities strongly affect the environments. To account for human effects within ecosystems, understanding what benefits humans receive by facilitating the maintenance of environmental homeostasis is important. This review describes recent applications of several NMR approaches to the evaluation of environmental homeostasis by metabolic profiling and data science. The basic NMR strategy used to evaluate homeostasis using big data collection is similar to that used in human health studies. Sophisticated metabolomic approaches (metabolic profiling) are widely reported in the literature. Further challenges include the analysis of complex macromolecular structures, and of the compositions and interactions of plant biomass, soil humic substances, and aqueous particulate organic matter. To support the study of these topics, we also discuss sample preparation techniques and solid-state NMR approaches. Because NMR approaches can produce a number of data with high reproducibility and inter-institution compatibility, further analysis of such data using machine learning approaches is often worthwhile. We also describe methods for data pretreatment in solid-state NMR and for environmental feature extraction from heterogeneously-measured spectroscopic data by machine learning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0810, Japan.
| | - Kengo Ito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Date
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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21
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Itouga M, Hayatsu M, Sato M, Tsuboi Y, Kato Y, Toyooka K, Suzuki S, Nakatsuka S, Kawakami S, Kikuchi J, Sakakibara H. Protonema of the moss Funaria hygrometrica can function as a lead (Pb) adsorbent. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189726. [PMID: 29261745 PMCID: PMC5738082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water contamination by heavy metals from industrial activities is a serious environmental concern. To mitigate heavy metal toxicity and to recover heavy metals for recycling, biomaterials used in phytoremediation and bio-sorbent filtration have recently drawn renewed attention. The filamentous protonemal cells of the moss Funaria hygrometrica can hyperaccumulate lead (Pb) up to 74% of their dry weight when exposed to solutions containing divalent Pb. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that Pb is localized to the cell walls, endoplasmic reticulum-like membrane structures, and chloroplast thylakoids, suggesting that multiple Pb retention mechanisms are operating in living F. hygrometrica. The main Pb-accumulating compartment was the cell wall, and prepared cell-wall fractions could also adsorb Pb. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that polysaccharides composed of polygalacturonic acid and cellulose probably serve as the most effective Pb-binding components. The adsorption abilities were retained throughout a wide range of pH values, and bound Pb was not desorbed under conditions of high ionic strength. In addition, the moss is highly tolerant to Pb. These results suggest that the moss F. hygrometrica could be a useful tool for the mitigation of Pb-toxicity in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misao Itouga
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Manabu Hayatsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, and Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuuri Tsuboi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukari Kato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Suechika Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, and Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Seiji Nakatsuka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan.,DOWA Technology Co., Ltd., Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan.,Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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22
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Sasaki K, Okamoto M, Shirai T, Tsuge Y, Fujino A, Sasaki D, Morita M, Matsuda F, Kikuchi J, Kondo A. Toward the complete utilization of rice straw: Methane fermentation and lignin recovery by a combinational process involving mechanical milling, supporting material and nanofiltration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 216:830-837. [PMID: 27318161 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rice straw was mechanically milled using a process consuming 1.9MJ/kg-biomass, and 10g/L of unmilled or milled rice straw was used as the carbon source for methane fermentation in a digester containing carbon fiber textile as the supporting material. Milling increased methane production from 226 to 419mL/L/day at an organic loading rate of 2180mg-dichromate chemical oxygen demand/L/day, corresponding to 260mLCH4/gVS. Storage of the fermentation effluent at room temperature decreased the weight of the milled rice straw residue from 3.81 to 1.00g/L. The supernatant of the effluent was subjected to nanofiltration. The black concentrates deposited on the nanofiltration membranes contained 53.0-57.9% lignin. Solution nuclear magnetic resonance showed that lignin aromatic components such as p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) were retained primarily, and major lignin interunit structures such as the β-O-4-H/G unit were absent. This combinational process will aid the complete utilization of rice straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Mami Okamoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Shirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yota Tsuge
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ayami Fujino
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiko Morita
- Environmental Chemistry Sector, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko-shi, Chiba-ken 270-1194, Japan
| | - Fumio Matsuda
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
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23
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Teramura H, Sasaki K, Oshima T, Matsuda F, Okamoto M, Shirai T, Kawaguchi H, Ogino C, Hirano K, Sazuka T, Kitano H, Kikuchi J, Kondo A. Organosolv pretreatment of sorghum bagasse using a low concentration of hydrophobic solvents such as 1-butanol or 1-pentanol. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:27. [PMID: 26839590 PMCID: PMC4736640 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary components of lignocellulosic biomass such as sorghum bagasse are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Each component can be utilized as a sustainable resource for producing biofuels and bio-based products. However, due to their complicated structures, fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass components is required. Organosolv pretreatment is an attractive method for this purpose. However, as organosolv pretreatment uses high concentrations of organic solvents (>50 %), decreasing the concentration necessary for fractionation would help reduce processing costs. In this study, we sought to identify organic solvents capable of efficiently fractionating sorghum bagasse components at low concentrations. RESULTS Five alcohols (ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentanol) were used for organosolv pretreatment of sorghum bagasse at a concentration of 12.5 %. Sulfuric acid (1 %) was used as a catalyst. With 1-butanol and 1-pentanol, three fractions (black liquor, liquid fraction containing xylose, and cellulose-enriched solid fraction) were obtained after pretreatment. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed that the lignin aromatic components of raw sorghum bagasse were concentrated in the black liquor fraction, although the major lignin side-chain (β-O-4 linkage) was lost. Pretreatment with 1-butanol or 1-pentanol effectively removed p-coumarate, some guaiacyl, and syringyl. Compared with using no solvent, pretreatment with 1-butanol or 1-pentanol resulted in two-fold greater ethanol production from the solid fraction by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that a low concentration (12.5 %) of a highly hydrophobic solvent such as 1-butanol or 1-pentanol can be used to separate the black liquor from the solid and liquid fractions. The efficient delignification and visible separation of the lignin-rich fraction possible with this method simplify the fractionation of sorghum bagasse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Teramura
- />Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Hyogo Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Kengo Sasaki
- />Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Hyogo Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Tomoko Oshima
- />Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Hyogo Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Fumio Matsuda
- />Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Osaka Suita, 565-0871 Japan
- />RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Kanagawa Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Mami Okamoto
- />RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Kanagawa Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Tomokazu Shirai
- />RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Kanagawa Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Hideo Kawaguchi
- />Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Hyogo Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- />Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Hyogo Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Ko Hirano
- />Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Takashi Sazuka
- />Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Hidemi Kitano
- />Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- />RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Kanagawa Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- />Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- />Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- />Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Hyogo Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
- />RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Kanagawa Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
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Misawa T, Komatsu T, Date Y, Kikuchi J. SENSI: signal enhancement by spectral integration for the analysis of metabolic mixtures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2964-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The method provided here can overcome the low S/N problem in 13C NMR by the integration of plural spectra to increase the resolution based on non-bucketing analysis without measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Misawa
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science
- Yokohama City University (YCU)
- Yokohama 230-0045
- Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
| | - Takanori Komatsu
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science
- Yokohama City University (YCU)
- Yokohama 230-0045
- Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
| | - Yasuhiro Date
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science
- Yokohama City University (YCU)
- Yokohama 230-0045
- Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science
- Yokohama City University (YCU)
- Yokohama 230-0045
- Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
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Mori T, Tsuboi Y, Ishida N, Nishikubo N, Demura T, Kikuchi J. Multidimensional High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning and Solution-State NMR Characterization of (13)C-labeled Plant Metabolites and Lignocellulose. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11848. [PMID: 26143886 PMCID: PMC4491710 DOI: 10.1038/srep11848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose, which includes mainly cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, is a potential resource for the production of chemicals and for other applications. For effective production of materials derived from biomass, it is important to characterize the metabolites and polymeric components of the biomass. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been used to identify biomass components; however, the NMR spectra of metabolites and lignocellulose components are ambiguously assigned in many cases due to overlapping chemical shift peaks. Using our 13C-labeling technique in higher plants such as poplar samples, we demonstrated that overlapping peaks could be resolved by three-dimensional NMR experiments to more accurately assign chemical shifts compared with two-dimensional NMR measurements. Metabolites of the 13C-poplar were measured by high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy, which allows sample analysis without solvent extraction, while lignocellulose components of the 13C-poplar dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide/pyridine solvent were analyzed by solution-state NMR techniques. Using these methods, we were able to unambiguously assign chemical shifts of small and macromolecular components in 13C-poplar samples. Furthermore, using samples of less than 5 mg, we could differentiate between two kinds of genes that were overexpressed in poplar samples, which produced clearly modified plant cell wall components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Mori
- 1] Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-0810, Japan [2] Biotechnology Laboratory, Toyota Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1, Nagakute 480-1192, Japan
| | - Yuuri Tsuboi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ishida
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Toyota Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1, Nagakute 480-1192, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nishikubo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- 1] RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan [2] Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN Research Cluster for Innovation, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- 1] Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-0810, Japan [2] RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan [3] Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN Research Cluster for Innovation, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan [4] Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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26
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Sasaki K, Okamoto M, Shirai T, Tsuge Y, Teramura H, Sasaki D, Kawaguchi H, Hasunuma T, Ogino C, Matsuda F, Kikuchi J, Kondo A. Precipitate obtained following membrane separation of hydrothermally pretreated rice straw liquid revealed by 2D NMR to have high lignin content. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:88. [PMID: 26101546 PMCID: PMC4476084 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw can dissolve part of the lignin and hemicellulose into a liquid fraction, thus facilitating enzyme accessibility to cellulose in bioethanol production process. Lignin is awaited to be recovered after hydrothermal pretreatment for utilization as value-added chemical, and lignin recovery also means removal of fermentation inhibitors. To recover lignin with high content from the liquid fraction, it is necessary to separate lignin and hemicellulose-derived polysaccharide. Therefore, the following processes were applied: membrane separation with nanofiltration (NF) and enzymatic hydrolysis by hemicellulase. To clarify lignin-concentrated fraction obtained during these processes, the fates of lignin and polysaccharide components were pursued by a solution NMR method and confirmed by compositional analysis of each fraction. RESULTS After hydrothermal pretreatment of rice straw, the NF concentrate of the supernatant of liquid fraction was hydrolyzed by hemicellulase and the resulting black precipitate was recovered. In this black precipitate, the intensity of NMR spectra related to lignin aromatic regions increased and those related to polysaccharides decreased, compared to rice straw, the solid fraction after hydrothermal pretreatment, and the NF concentrate. The lignin content of the black precipitate was 65.8 %. Lignin in the black precipitate included 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin and 19.4 % of the soluble lignin in the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction. CONCLUSION A precipitate with high lignin content was obtained from supernatants of the liquid fraction. These results suggested that precipitation of lignin was enhanced from concentrated mixtures of lignin and hemicellulosic polysaccharides by hydrolyzing the polysaccharides. Precipitation of lignin can contribute to lignin recovery from lignocellulosic biomass and, at the same time, allow more efficient ethanol production in the subsequent fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Sasaki
- />Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Mami Okamoto
- />RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Tomokazu Shirai
- />RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Yota Tsuge
- />Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Teramura
- />Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- />Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hideo Kawaguchi
- />Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- />Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- />Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Fumio Matsuda
- />RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
- />Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- />RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- />RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
- />Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
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27
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Teramura H, Sasaki K, Oshima T, Aikawa S, Matsuda F, Okamoto M, Shirai T, Kawaguchi H, Ogino C, Yamasaki M, Kikuchi J, Kondo A. Changes in Lignin and Polysaccharide Components in 13 Cultivars of Rice Straw following Dilute Acid Pretreatment as Studied by Solution-State 2D 1H-13C NMR. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128417. [PMID: 26083431 PMCID: PMC4470627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A renewable raw material, rice straw is pretreated for biorefinery usage. Solution-state two-dimensional (2D) 1H-13 C hetero-nuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, was used to analyze 13 cultivars of rice straw before and after dilute acid pretreatment, to characterize general changes in the lignin and polysaccharide components. Intensities of most (15 of 16) peaks related to lignin aromatic regions, such as p-coumarate, guaiacyl, syringyl, p-hydroxyphenyl, and cinnamyl alcohol, and methoxyl, increased or remained unchanged after pretreatment. In contrast, intensities of most (11 of 13) peaks related to lignin aliphatic linkages or ferulate decreased. Decreased heterogeneity in the intensities of three peaks related to cellulose components in acid-insoluble residues resulted in similar glucose yield (0.45-0.59 g/g-dry biomass). Starch-derived components showed positive correlations (r = 0.71 to 0.96) with glucose, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and formate concentrations in the liquid hydrolysates, and negative correlations (r = -0.95 to -0.97) with xylose concentration and acid-insoluble residue yield. These results showed the fate of lignin and polysaccharide components by pretreatment, suggesting that lignin aromatic regions and cellulose components were retained in the acid insoluble residues and starch-derived components were transformed into glucose, 5-HMF, and formate in the liquid hydrolysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Teramura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kengo Sasaki
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Oshima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shimpei Aikawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Fumio Matsuda
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mami Okamoto
- Food Resources Education and Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Uzurano, Kasai, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Shirai
- RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideo Kawaguchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamasaki
- Food Resources Education and Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Uzurano, Kasai, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Komatsu T, Kobayashi T, Hatanaka M, Kikuchi J. Profiling planktonic biomass using element-specific, multicomponent nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:7056-62. [PMID: 25973714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Planktonic metabolism plays crucial roles in Earth's elemental cycles. Chemical speciation as well as elemental stoichiometry is important for advancing our understanding of planktonic roles in biogeochemical cycles. In this study, a multicomponent solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approach is proposed for chemical speciation of cellular components, using several advanced NMR techniques. Measurements by ssNMR were performed on (13)C and (15)N-labeled Euglena gracilis, a flagellated protist. 3D dipolar-assisted rotational resonance, double-cross-polarization (1)H-(13)C correlation spectroscopy, and (1)H-(13)C solid-state heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopy successively allowed characterization of cellular components. These techniques were then applied to E. gracilis cultured in high and low ammonium media to demonstrate the power of this method for profiling and comparing cellular components. Cellular NMR spectra indicated that ammonium induced both paramylon degradation and amination. Arginine was stored as a nitrogen reserve and ammonium replaced by arginine catabolism via the arginine dihydrolase pathway. (15)N and (31)P cellular ssNMR indicated arginine and polyphosphate accumulation in E. gracilis, respectively. This chemical speciation technique will contribute to environmental research by providing detailed information on environmental chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Komatsu
- †RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- ‡Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kobayashi
- ‡Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Minoru Hatanaka
- §Bruker Biospin K. K., 3-9, Moriya-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-0022, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- †RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- ‡Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- ∥Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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29
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Minor EC, Swenson MM, Mattson BM, Oyler AR. Structural characterization of dissolved organic matter: a review of current techniques for isolation and analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:2064-79. [PMID: 24668418 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00062e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic systems plays many environmental roles: providing building blocks and energy for aquatic biota, acting as a sunscreen in surface water, and interacting with anthropogenic compounds to affect their ultimate fate in the environment. Such interactions are a function of DOM composition, which is difficult to ascertain due to its heterogeneity and the co-occurring matrix effects in most aquatic samples. This review focuses on current approaches to the chemical structural characterization of DOM, ranging from those applicable to bulk samples and in situ analyses (UV-visible spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy) through the concentration/isolation of DOM followed by the application of one or more analytical techniques, to the detailed separation and analysis of individual compounds or compound classes. Also provided is a brief overview of the main techniques used to characterize isolated DOM: mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance mass spectrometry (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Minor
- Large Lakes Observatory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, RLB 211, 2205 East 5th St, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
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Watanabe T, Shino A, Akashi K, Kikuchi J. Chemical profiling of Jatropha tissues under different torrefaction conditions: application to biomass waste recovery. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106893. [PMID: 25191879 PMCID: PMC4156417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gradual depletion of the world petroleum reserves and the impact of environmental pollution highlight the importance of developing alternative energy resources such as plant biomass. To address these issues, intensive research has focused on the plant Jatropha curcas, which serves as a rich source of biodiesel because of its high seed oil content. However, producing biodiesel from Jatropha generates large amounts of biomass waste that are difficult to use. Therefore, the objective of our research was to analyze the effects of different conditions of torrefaction on Jatropha biomass. Six different types of Jatropha tissues (seed coat, kernel, stem, xylem, bark, and leaf) were torrefied at four different temperature conditions (200°C, 250°C, 300°C, and 350°C), and changes in the metabolite composition of the torrefied products were determined by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. Cellulose was gradually converted to oligosaccharides in the temperature range of 200°C–300°C and completely degraded at 350°C. Hemicellulose residues showed different degradation patterns depending on the tissue, whereas glucuronoxylan efficiently decomposed between 300°C and 350°C. Heat-induced depolymerization of starch to maltodextrin started between 200°C and 250°C, and oligomer sugar structure degradation occurred at higher temperatures. Lignin degraded at each temperature, e.g., syringyl (S) degraded at lower temperatures than guaiacyl (G). Finally, the toxic compound phorbol ester degraded gradually starting at 235°C and efficiently just below 300°C. These results suggest that torrefaction is a feasible treatment for further processing of residual biomass to biorefinery stock or fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiji Watanabe
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Amiu Shino
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kinya Akashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan; Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Japan
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31
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Ito K, Sakata K, Date Y, Kikuchi J. Integrated analysis of seaweed components during seasonal fluctuation by data mining across heterogeneous chemical measurements with network visualization. Anal Chem 2014; 86:1098-105. [PMID: 24401131 DOI: 10.1021/ac402869b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biological information is intricately intertwined with several factors. Therefore, comprehensive analytical methods such as integrated data analysis, combining several data measurements, are required. In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. The obtained spectral data of complex chemical components were preprocessed to isolate pure peaks by removing noise and separating overlapping signals using the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method before integrated analyses. By the input of these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data, principal component analysis and self-organizing maps of integrated data showed changes in the chemical compositions during the mature stage and identified trends in seasonal variation. Correlation network analysis revealed multiple relationships between organic and inorganic components. Moreover, in terms of the relationship between metal group and metabolites, the results of structural equation modeling suggest that the structure of alginic acid changes during the growth of S. fusiforme, which affects its metal binding ability. This integrated analytical approach using a variety of chemical data can be developed for practical applications to obtain new biochemical knowledge including genetic and environmental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Ito
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University , 1-7-29 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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