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Deng Y, Chen LX, Zhu BJ, Zhao J, Li SP. A quantitative method for polysaccharides based on endo-enzymatic released specific oligosaccharides: A case of Lentinus edodes. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:15-22. [PMID: 35181321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides exhibit multiple pharmacological activities, which are closely related to their structural characteristics. Therefore, quantitative quality control of polysaccharides based on chemical properties is of importance for their applications. However, polysaccharides are mixed macromolecular compounds that are difficult to separate, and the lack of standards made direct quantification more difficult. In this study, we proposed a new quantitative method based on the released specific oligosaccharides for polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes (shiitake) and other related fungi. Specific oligosaccharides were firstly released from polysaccharides using 1,3-β-glucanase, then derivatized with 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB), which further separated by hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and quantitatively determined by UPLC coupled with fluorescence detector (FLR). Laminaritriose was used as the universal standard for quantification of all the oligosaccharides. This method was validated according to linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, precision, accuracy, repeatability and stability. In addition, the four specific oligosaccharides released from polysaccharides in L. edodes were qualitatively analyzed by extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) from UPLC-MS profiles, which were identified to be disaccharide, trisaccharide and tetrasccharide. The proposed strategy not only realized the quantitative analysis of polysaccharides by UPLC-FLR, but also could achieve the qualitative distinction of different polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Bao-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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Zhao J, Hu G, Huang Y, Huang Y, Wei X, Shi J. Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine: A kind of vaccine with great development potential. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Gao F, Beresford N, Lockyer K, Burkin K, Rigsby P, Bolgiano B. Saccharide dosage content of meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines determined using WHO International Standards for serogroup A, C, W, Y and X polysaccharides. Biologicals 2021; 70:53-58. [PMID: 33518432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Potency of meningococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines relies on the polysaccharide content to prevent meningitis. NIBSC, as the official national control laboratory in UK, analysed ten different mono- and multi-meningococcal conjugate vaccines, using established International Standards for meningococcal serogroups A, C, W, Y and X, by resorcinol or HPAEC-PAD assay. Most saccharide contents were within ±20% of their claimed content for licensure with taking different O-acetylation levels into consideration, with only MenC content in two vaccines below (by 60% and 54%) the labelled value, however, previous study showed different dosage was not necessarily correlated to the immunogenicity of those vaccines. This study demonstrated the use of International Standards to quantify saccharide content in polysaccharide-based vaccines with different percentage of O-acetylation. These International Standards are suitable to serve as either quantitative standard or calibrator of in-house standards, with supplied stability data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gao
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Nicola Beresford
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Kay Lockyer
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Karena Burkin
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Peter Rigsby
- Biostatistics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Barbara Bolgiano
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
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Quantitation of novel pentavalent meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (Men A-TT, Men C-CRM, Men Y-CRM, Men W-CRM, Men X-TT) using sandwich ELISA. Vaccine 2020; 38:7815-7824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rohrer JS. Vaccine Quality Ensured by High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection. SLAS Technol 2019; 25:320-328. [PMID: 31771418 DOI: 10.1177/2472630319890309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many important vaccines use bacterial capsular polysaccharides, or shorter polysaccharides or oligosaccharides, derived from the capsular polysaccharides, conjugated to protein. It is imperative that manufacturers understand the carbohydrate composition of these vaccines and deliver a product with a consistent polysaccharide or polysaccharide conjugate composition and content. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is a major technique used to understand the carbohydrate composition of these vaccines and ensure product quality. HPAE-PAD separates and detects carbohydrates without analyte derivatization. This paper describes the basics of the HPAE-PAD technique and then reviews how it has been applied to Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcal, meningococcal, group B streptococcal, and Salmonella polysaccharide and corresponding conjugate vaccines.
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Beresford NJ, Martino A, Feavers IM, Corbel MJ, Bai X, Borrow R, Bolgiano B. Quality, immunogenicity and stability of meningococcal serogroup ACWY-CRM 197 , DT and TT glycoconjugate vaccines. Vaccine 2017; 35:3598-3606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cook MC, Kunkel JP. Determination of meningococcal serogroups in formulated monovalent and multivalent polysaccharide and polysaccharide-conjugate vaccines. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5009-11. [PMID: 25837841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Cook
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Tunney's Pasture, AL 2201E, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0K9
| | - Jeremy P Kunkel
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Tunney's Pasture, AL 2201E, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0K9
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Gudlavalleti SK, Crawford EN, Tran NN, Orten DJ, Harder JD, Reddy JR. Determining trace amounts and the origin of formaldehyde impurity in Neisseria meningitidis A/C/Y/W-135-DT conjugate vaccine formulated in isotonic aqueous 1× PBS by improved C18-UPLC method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 107:432-6. [PMID: 25668795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability to accurately measure and report trace amounts of residual formaldehyde impurity in a vaccine product is not only critical in the product release but also a regulatory requirement. In many bacterial or viral vaccine manufacturing procedures, formaldehyde is used either at a live culture inactivation step or at a protein de-toxification step or at both. Reported here is a validated and improved C18-UPLC method (developed based on previously published C-8 HPLC method) to determine the traces of formaldehyde process impurity in a liquid form Neisseria meningitidis A/C/Y/W-135-DT conjugate vaccine formulated in isotonic aqueous 1× PBS. UPLC C-18 column and the conditions described distinctly resolved the 2,4-DNPH-HCHO adduct from the un-reacted 2,4-DNPH as detected by TUV detector at 360 nm. This method was shown to be compatible with PBS formulation and extremely sensitive (with a quantitation limit of 0.05 ppm) and aided to determine formaldehyde contamination sources by evaluating the in-process materials as a track-down analysis. Final nanogram levels of formaldehyde in the formulated single dose vialed vaccine mainly originated from the diphtheria toxoid carrier protein used in the production of the conjugate vaccine, whereas relative contribution from polysaccharide API was minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seshu K Gudlavalleti
- JN International Medical Corporation, 2720 N 84th Street, Omaha, NE 68134, United States.
| | - Erika N Crawford
- JN International Medical Corporation, 2720 N 84th Street, Omaha, NE 68134, United States
| | - Nhi N Tran
- JN International Medical Corporation, 2720 N 84th Street, Omaha, NE 68134, United States
| | - Dana J Orten
- JN International Medical Corporation, 2720 N 84th Street, Omaha, NE 68134, United States
| | - Jeffery D Harder
- JN International Medical Corporation, 2720 N 84th Street, Omaha, NE 68134, United States
| | - Jeeri R Reddy
- JN International Medical Corporation, 2720 N 84th Street, Omaha, NE 68134, United States
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Abstract
Most vaccines, including the currently available glycoconjugate vaccines, are administered to healthy infants, to prevent future disease. The safety of a prospective vaccine is a key prerequisite for approval. Undesired side effects would not only have the potential to damage the individual infant but also lead to a loss of confidence in the respective vaccine-or vaccines in general-on a population level. Thus, regulatory requirements, particularly with regard to safety, are extremely rigorous. This chapter highlights regulatory aspects on carbohydrate-based vaccines with an emphasis on analytical approaches to ensure the consistent quality of successive manufacturing lots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Jones
- Laboratory for Molecular Structure, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK,
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