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Rasouli R, Villegas KM, Tabrizian M. Acoustofluidics - changing paradigm in tissue engineering, therapeutics development, and biosensing. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1300-1338. [PMID: 36806847 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00439a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For more than 70 years, acoustic waves have been used to screen, diagnose, and treat patients in hundreds of medical devices. The biocompatible nature of acoustic waves, their non-invasive and contactless operation, and their compatibility with wide visualization techniques are just a few of the many features that lead to the clinical success of sound-powered devices. The development of microelectromechanical systems and fabrication technologies in the past two decades reignited the spark of acoustics in the discovery of unique microscale bio applications. Acoustofluidics, the combination of acoustic waves and fluid mechanics in the nano and micro-realm, allowed researchers to access high-resolution and controllable manipulation and sensing tools for particle separation, isolation and enrichment, patterning of cells and bioparticles, fluid handling, and point of care biosensing strategies. This versatility and attractiveness of acoustofluidics have led to the rapid expansion of platforms and methods, making it also challenging for users to select the best acoustic technology. Depending on the setup, acoustic devices can offer a diverse level of biocompatibility, throughput, versatility, and sensitivity, where each of these considerations can become the design priority based on the application. In this paper, we aim to overview the recent advancements of acoustofluidics in the multifaceted fields of regenerative medicine, therapeutic development, and diagnosis and provide researchers with the necessary information needed to choose the best-suited acoustic technology for their application. Moreover, the effect of acoustofluidic systems on phenotypic behavior of living organisms are investigated. The review starts with a brief explanation of acoustofluidic principles, the different working mechanisms, and the advantages or challenges of commonly used platforms based on the state-of-the-art design features of acoustofluidic technologies. Finally, we present an outlook of potential trends, the areas to be explored, and the challenges that need to be overcome in developing acoustofluidic platforms that can echo the clinical success of conventional ultrasound-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rasouli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Karina Martinez Villegas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Park S, Lee S, Kim HS, Choi HJ, Jeong OC, Lin R, Cho Y, Lee MH. Square microchannel enables to focus and orient ellipsoidal Euglena gracilis cells by two-dimensional acoustic standing wave. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:331. [PMID: 35969307 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry has become an indispensable tool for counting, analyzing, and sorting large cell populations in biological research and medical practice. Unfortunately, it has limitations in the analysis of non-spherically shaped cells due to the variation of their alignment with respect to the flow direction and, hence, the optical interrogation axis, resulting in unreliable cell analysis. Here, we present a simple on-chip acoustofluidic method to fix the orientation of ellipsoidal cells and focus them into a single, aligned stream. Specifically, by generating acoustic standing waves inside a 100 ⋅ 100 µm square-shaped microchannel, we successfully aligned and focused up to 97.7% of a population of Euglena gracilis (an ellipsoidal shaped microalgal species) cells in the center of the microchannel with high precision at a volume rate of 25 to 200 µL min-1. Uniform positioning of ellipsoidal cells is essential for making flow cytometry applicable to the investigation of a greater variety of cell populations and is expected to be beneficial for ecological studies and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungryul Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jin Choi
- Department of Digital Anti-Aging Health Care, Inje University, Gimhae-si, 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Chan Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae-si, 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruixian Lin
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghak Cho
- Department of Mechanical Design and Robot Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Zarkhah N, Samankan S, Mehrpooya M, Moghaddam RA. Numerical simulation of blood cell separation in an acoustofluidic system. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Liu Y, Xin F. Nonlinear large deformation of a spherical red blood cell induced by ultrasonic standing wave. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2022; 21:589-604. [PMID: 34981303 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A computational model is developed to investigate the nonlinear static deformation of a spherical (osmotically swollen) red blood cell (RBC) induced by ultrasonic standing wave. The ultrasonic standing wave can generate steady acoustic radiation stress to deform the cell, and in turn, the deformed cell reshapes the acoustic field. This is a real-time coupling problem between the acoustic field and the mechanical field. In the computational model, the acoustic radiation stress acting on the RBC membrane is modeled by adopting the nonviscous momentum flux theory. The RBC membrane is modeled as a hyperelastic shell considering the in-plane elasticity, bending elasticity, and surface tension of the membrane. The volume conservation constraint of the membrane sealing fluid is applied to ensure the osmotic balance of the membrane. To address this real-time coupling problem, the computational model is implemented by a finite element method algorithm. The numerical results are compared with the existing theoretical model and experimental data, and the strain hardening trend of the experimental data is successfully predicted, which verifies the accuracy and effectiveness of the computational model. The computational model can accurately extract the mechanical properties of cells from acoustic deformation experiments, which is helpful for the diagnosis of some human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials and Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxian Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
- MOE Key Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials and Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Ugawa M, Lee H, Baasch T, Lee M, Kim S, Jeong O, Choi YH, Sohn D, Laurell T, Ota S, Lee S. Reduced acoustic resonator dimensions improve focusing efficiency of bacteria and submicron particles. Analyst 2021; 147:274-281. [PMID: 34889326 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01891d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate an acoustofluidic device that enables single-file focusing of submicron particles and bacteria using a two-dimensional (2D) acoustic standing wave. The device consists of a 100 μm × 100 μm square channel that supports 2D particle focusing in the channel center at an actuation frequency of 7.39 MHz. This higher actuation frequency compared with conventional bulk acoustic systems enables radiation-force-dominant motion of submicron particles and overcomes the classical size limitation (≈2 μm) of acoustic focusing. We present acoustic radiation force-based focusing of particles with diameters less than 0.5 μm at a flow rate of 12 μL min-1, and 1.33 μm particles at flow rates up to 80 μL min-1. The device focused 0.25 μm particles by the 2D acoustic radiation force while undergoing a channel cross-section centered, single-vortex acoustic streaming. A suspension of bacteria was also investigated to evaluate the biological relevance of the device, which demonstrated the alignment of bacteria in the channel at a flow rate of up to 20 μL min-1. The developed acoustofluidic device can align submicron particles within a narrow flow stream in a highly robust manner, validating its use as a flow-through focusing chamber to perform high-throughput and accurate flow cytometry of submicron objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ugawa
- RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 153-8904, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hoyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Thierry Baasch
- Department of Biomedical engineering, Lund University, 22363, Lund, Sweden
| | - Minho Lee
- School of integrative engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Soyun Kim
- Convergence Research Institute, Korea University, 02841, Seoul, Korea.,PCL Inc., 05854, Seoul, Korea
| | - OkChan Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae-si, 50834, Korea
| | | | - Daewon Sohn
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical engineering, Lund University, 22363, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sadao Ota
- RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 153-8904, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - SangWook Lee
- RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 153-8904, Tokyo, Japan. .,Bio-health Product Research Center, Inje University, Gimhae-si, 50834, Korea
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6
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[Research progress in the application of external field separation technology and microfluidic technology in the separation of micro/nanoscales]. Se Pu 2021; 39:1157-1170. [PMID: 34677011 PMCID: PMC9404220 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The micro/nanoscales concerns interactions of entities with sizes in the range of 0.1-100 μm, such as biological cells, proteins, and particles. The separation of micro/nanoscales has been of immense significance for drug development, early-stage cancer detection, and customized precision therapy. For example, in recent years, rapid advances in the field of cell therapy have necessitated the development of simple and effective cell separation techniques. The isolation technique allows the collection of the required stem cells from complex samples. With the development of materials science and precision medicine, the separation of particles is also critical. The key physicochemical properties of micro/nanoscales are highly dependent on their specific size, shape, functional group, and mobility (based on the charged characteristics), which control their performance in the separation system. The current demand has made the simultaneous innovation of a separation system and an on-line detection platform imperative. Accordingly, various analytical methods involving the use of external forces, such as the flow field, magnetic field, electric field, and acoustic field, have been used for micro/nanoscales separation. Based on the physical and chemical parameters of the separation materials, these analytical methods can select different external force fields for micro/nanoscales separation, enabling real-time, accurate, efficient, and selective separation. However, at present, most of the applied field separation technologies require complex equipment and a large sample amount. This makes it crucial to miniaturize and integrate separation technologies for low-cost, rapid, and accurate micro/nanoscales separation. Microfluidic technology is a representative micro/nanoscales separation technology. It requires only a small volume of liquid, making it cost-effective; its high throughput enables continuous separation and analysis; its fast response in a microchip can allow many reactions; and finally, the miniaturization of the device allows the coupling of multiple detectors with the microchip. With the continuous growth and progress of microfluidic technology, some microfluidic platforms are now able to achieve the non-destructive separation of cells. They also enable on-line detection, offer high separation efficiency, and allow rapid separation for different biological samples. This review primarily summarizes recent advances in microfluidic chips based on flow field, electric field, magnetic field, acoustic field, and field separation technologies to improve the micro/nanoscales separation efficiency. This review also discusses the various external force fields of micro/nanoscales, such as a microparticle, single cell separation of substances classified introduction, and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of their application and development. Finally, the prospect of the combined application of external field separation technology and microfluidic technology in the early screening of cancer cells and for precise micro/nanoscales separation is discussed, and the advantages and potential applications of the combined technology are proposed.
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7
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Lima EB, Silva GT. Mean acoustic fields exerted on a subwavelength axisymmetric particle. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 150:376. [PMID: 34340478 DOI: 10.1121/10.0005625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The acoustic radiation force produced by ultrasonic waves is the "workhorse" of particle manipulation in acoustofluidics. Nonspherical particles are also subjected to a mean torque known as the acoustic radiation torque. Together they constitute the mean acoustic fields exerted on the particle. Analytical methods alone cannot calculate these fields on arbitrarily shaped particles in actual fluids and are no longer fit for purpose. Here, a semi-analytical approach is introduced for handling subwavelength axisymmetric particles immersed in an isotropic Newtonian fluid. The obtained mean acoustic fields depend on the scattering coefficients that reflect the monopole and dipole modes. These coefficients are determined by numerically solving the scattering problem. Our method is benchmarked by comparison with the exact result for a subwavelength rigid sphere in water. Besides, a more realistic case of a red blood cell immersed in blood plasma under a standing ultrasonic wave is investigated with our methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton B Lima
- Physical Acoustics Group, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alabama 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Glauber T Silva
- Physical Acoustics Group, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alabama 57072-970, Brazil
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8
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Yang M, Gao Y, Liu Y, Yang G, Zhao CX, Wu KJ. Integration of microfluidic systems with external fields for multiphase process intensification. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Mejía Morales J, Hammarström B, Lippi GL, Vassalli M, Glynne-Jones P. Acoustofluidic phase microscopy in a tilted segmentation-free configuration. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:014102. [PMID: 33456640 PMCID: PMC7787693 DOI: 10.1063/5.0036585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A low-cost device for registration-free quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) based on the transport of intensity equation of cells in continuous flow is presented. The method uses acoustic focusing to align cells into a single plane where all cells move at a constant speed. The acoustic focusing plane is tilted with respect to the microscope's focal plane in order to obtain cell images at multiple focal positions. As the cells are displaced at constant speed, phase maps can be generated without the need to segment and register individual objects. The proposed inclined geometry allows for the acquisition of a vertical stack without the need for any moving part, and it enables a cost-effective and robust implementation of QPM. The suitability of the solution for biological imaging is tested on blood samples, demonstrating the ability to recover the phase map of single red blood cells flowing through the microchip.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gian Luca Lippi
- Institut de Physique de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8LT Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Glynne-Jones
- Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
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10
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Zhang X, Wei X, Wei Y, Chen M, Wang J. The up-to-date strategies for the isolation and manipulation of single cells. Talanta 2020; 218:121147. [PMID: 32797903 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the large cellular heterogeneity, the strategies for the isolation and manipulation of single cells have been pronounced indispensable in the fields of disease diagnostics, drug delivery, and cancer biology at the single-cell resolution. Herein, an overview of the up-to-date techniques for precise manipulation/separation and analysis of single-cell is accomplished, these include the various approaches for the isolation and detection of individual cells in flow cytometry, microfluidic systems, micromodule systems, and others. In addition, the advanced application of these protocols is discussed. In particular, a few designs are highlighted for visualization, non-invasion, and intelligentization in single cell analysis, i.e., imaging flow cytometry, label-free microfluidic platform, single-cell capillary probe, and other related techniques. At the present, the main barriers in the various schemes for single cell manipulation which limited their practical applications are their cumbersome construction and single-functionality. The future opportunities and outstanding challenges in the isolation/manipulation of single cells are depicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, China
| | - Yujia Wei
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, China
| | - Mingli Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, China; Analytical and Testing Center, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, China.
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11
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Li Z, Li P, Xu J, Shao W, Yang C, Cui Y. Hydrodynamic flow cytometer performance enhancement by two-dimensional acoustic focusing. Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:27. [PMID: 32222836 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-00481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional flow cytometers employ hydrodynamic focusing method to insure detection accuracy by forcing cells go through detected position. However, an increased flow velocity will significantly reduce detection precision due to a fact that cells will deviate center position and are easily silted in choke point. In an effort to overcome this limitation, a two-dimension ultrasonic particle focusing method are presented in this work to enhance the performance of flow cytometer. Two piezoelectric transducers are used to attach to a 250 μm × 250 μm rectangular fused silica flow channel to realize the modification. Finite element model simulation is performed for parametrical analysis and simplifying experiment design. 3 μm polystyrene fluorescent particles are adopted to test focusing effect. One dimension acoustic focusing is achieved at 2.95 MHz with single focusing node as well as 2, 3, 4 nodes focusing near 6, 9, 12 MHz respectively. The 2D focusing particle stream width in two dimensions is less than 10 μm. Results verified that this method is applicable for Jurkat cells. Sample flow maintains its stability without clogging up even at high sample concentration. Focusing still works at flow velocity over 100 μl/min. All these results certify this acoustic particles focusing method can enhance the performance of hydrodynamic flow cytometer by minor modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjian Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Peiyang Li
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Weiwei Shao
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Chen Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Yaoyao Cui
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China.
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12
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The interface adsorption behavior in a Pickering emulsion stabilized by cylindrical polystyrene particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 552:230-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Tian Z, Yang S, Huang PH, Wang Z, Zhang P, Gu Y, Bachman H, Chen C, Wu M, Xie Y, Huang TJ. Wave number-spiral acoustic tweezers for dynamic and reconfigurable manipulation of particles and cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau6062. [PMID: 31172021 PMCID: PMC6544454 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau6062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers have recently raised great interest across many fields including biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine, as they can perform contactless, label-free, biocompatible, and precise manipulation of particles and cells. Here, we present wave number-spiral acoustic tweezers, which are capable of dynamically reshaping surface acoustic wave (SAW) wavefields to various pressure distributions to facilitate dynamic and programmable particle/cell manipulation. SAWs propagating in multiple directions can be simultaneously and independently controlled by simply modulating the multitone excitation signals. This allows for dynamic reshaping of SAW wavefields to desired distributions, thus achieving programmable particle/cell manipulation. We experimentally demonstrated the multiple functions of wave number-spiral acoustic tweezers, among which are multiconfiguration patterning; parallel merging; pattern translation, transformation, and rotation; and dynamic translation of single microparticles along complex paths. This wave number-spiral design has the potential to revolutionize future acoustic tweezers development and advance many applications, including microscale assembly, bioprinting, and cell-cell interaction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yuyang Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Mengxi Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yangbo Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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14
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Antfolk M, Laurell T. Acoustofluidic Blood Component Sample Preparation and Processing in Medical Applications. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6229-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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15
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Acoustophoretic Orientation of Red Blood Cells for Diagnosis of Red Cell Health and Pathology. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15705. [PMID: 30356059 PMCID: PMC6200821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Distortions of the normal bi-concave disc shape for red blood cells (RBCs) appear in a number of pathologies resulting from defects in cell membrane skeletal architecture, erythrocyte ageing, and mechanical damage. We present here the potential of acoustic cytometry for developing new approaches to light-scattering based evaluation of red blood cell disorders and of the effects of storage and ageing on changes or damage to RBCs membranes. These approaches could be used to immediately evaluate the quality of erythrocytes prior to blood donation and following transfusion. They could also be applied to studying RBC health in diseases and other pathologies, such as artificial heart valve hemolysis, thermal damage or osmotic fragility. Abnormal distributions of erythrocytes can typically be detected after just 30 to 45 seconds of acquisition time using 1–2 µL starting blood volumes.
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16
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Li W, Suzuki T, Minami H. A Facile Method for Preparation of Polymer Particles Having a “Cylindrical” Shape. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Toyoko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hideto Minami
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Kobe 657-8501 Japan
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17
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Li W, Suzuki T, Minami H. A Facile Method for Preparation of Polymer Particles Having a “Cylindrical” Shape. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9936-9940. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Toyoko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hideto Minami
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Kobe 657-8501 Japan
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18
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Chen Q, Li D, Malekanfard A, Cao Q, Lin J, Wang M, Han X, Xuan X. Tunable, Sheathless Focusing of Diamagnetic Particles in Ferrofluid Microflows with a Single Set of Overhead Permanent Magnets. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8600-8606. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, United States
- MOA Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, United States
| | - Amirreza Malekanfard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, United States
| | - Quanliang Cao
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jianhan Lin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Maohua Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Xiaotao Han
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiangchun Xuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, United States
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Baasch T, Dual J. Acoustofluidic particle dynamics: Beyond the Rayleigh limit. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 143:509. [PMID: 29390748 DOI: 10.1121/1.5021339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work a numerical model to calculate the trajectories of multiple acoustically and hydrodynamically interacting spherical particles is presented. The acoustic forces are calculated by solving the fully coupled three-dimensional scattering problem using finite element software. The method is not restricted to single re-scattering events, mono- and dipole radiation, and long wavelengths with respect to the particle diameter, thus expanding current models. High frequency surface acoustic waves have been used in the one cell per well technology to focus individual cells in a two-dimensional wave-field. Sometimes the cells started forming clumps and it was not possible to focus on individual cells. Due to a lack of existing theory, this could not be fully investigated. Here, the authors use the full dynamic simulations to identify limiting factors of the one-cell-per-well technology. At first, the authors demonstrate good agreement of the numerical model with analytical results in the Rayleigh limiting case. A frequency dependent stability exchange between the pressure and velocity was then demonstrated. The numerical formulation presented in this work is relatively general and can be used for a multitude of different high frequency applications. It is a powerful tool in the analysis of microscale acoustofluidic devices and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Baasch
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems (IMES), ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Dual
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems (IMES), ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Antfolk M, Laurell T. Continuous flow microfluidic separation and processing of rare cells and bioparticles found in blood – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 965:9-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Baasch T, Leibacher I, Dual J. Multibody dynamics in acoustophoresis. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 141:1664. [PMID: 28372083 DOI: 10.1121/1.4977030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Determining the trajectories of multiple acoustically and hydrodynamically interacting as well as colliding particles is one of the challenges in numerical acoustophoresis. Although the acoustic forces between multiple small spherical particles can be obtained analytically, previous research did not address the particle-particle contacts in a rigorous way. This article extends existing methods by presenting an algorithm on displacement level which models the hard contacts using set-valued force laws, hence allowing for the first time the computation of a first approximation of complete trajectories of multiple hydrodynamically and acoustically interacting particles. This work uses a semi-analytical method to determine the acoustic forces, which is accurate up to the dipole contributions of the multipole expansion. The hydrodynamic interactions are modeled using the resistance and mobility functions of the Stokes' flow. In previous experimental work particles have been reported to interact acoustically, ultimately forming stacked lines near the pressure nodes of a standing wave. This phenomenon is examined experimentally and numerically, the simulation shows good agreement with the experimental results. To demonstrate the capabilities of the method, the rotation of a particle clump in two orthogonal waves is simulated. The presented method allows further insight in self-assembly applications and acoustic particle manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Baasch
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Leibacher
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Dual
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Mao Z, Li P, Wu M, Bachman H, Mesyngier N, Guo X, Liu S, Costanzo F, Huang TJ. Enriching Nanoparticles via Acoustofluidics. ACS NANO 2017; 11:603-612. [PMID: 28068078 PMCID: PMC5536981 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Focusing and enriching submicrometer and nanometer scale objects is of great importance for many applications in biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine. Here, we present an acoustofluidic chip that can generate single vortex acoustic streaming inside a glass capillary through using low-power acoustic waves (only 5 V is required). The single vortex acoustic streaming that is generated, in conjunction with the acoustic radiation force, is able to enrich submicrometer- and nanometer-sized particles in a small volume. Numerical simulations were used to elucidate the mechanism of the single vortex formation and were verified experimentally, demonstrating the focusing of silica and polystyrene particles ranging in diameter from 80 to 500 nm. Moreover, the acoustofluidic chip was used to conduct an immunoassay in which nanoparticles that captured fluorescently labeled biomarkers were concentrated to enhance the emitted signal. With its advantages in simplicity, functionality, and power consumption, the acoustofluidic chip we present here is promising for many point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangming Mao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Mengxi Wu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicolas Mesyngier
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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23
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Hahn P, Lamprecht A, Dual J. Numerical simulation of micro-particle rotation by the acoustic viscous torque. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4581-4594. [PMID: 27778009 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00865h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present the first numerical simulation setup for the calculation of the acoustic viscous torque on arbitrarily shaped micro-particles inside general acoustic fields. Under typical experimental conditions, the particle deformation plays a minor role. Therefore, the particle is modeled as a rigid body which is free to perform any time-harmonic and time-averaged translation and rotation. Applying a perturbation approach, the viscoacoustic field around the particle is resolved to obtain the time-averaged driving forces for a subsequent acoustic streaming simulation. For some acoustic fields, the near-boundary streaming around the fluid-suspended particle induces surface forces on the nonrotating particle that integrate into a non-zero acoustic viscous torque. In the equilibrium state, this torque is compensated by an equal and opposite drag torque due to the particle rotation. The rotation-induced flow field is superimposed on the acoustic streaming field to obtain the total fluid motion around the rotating particle. In this work, we only consider cases within the Rayleigh limit even though the presented numerical model is not strictly limited to this regime. After a validation by analytical solutions, the numerical model is applied to challenging experimental cases. For an arbitrary particle density, we consider particle sizes that can be comparable to the viscous boundary layer thickness. This important regime has not been studied before because it lies beyond the validity limits of the available analytical solutions. The detailed numerical analysis in this work predicts nonintuitive phenomena, including an inversion of the rotation direction. Our numerical model opens the door to explore a wide range of experimentally relevant cases, including non-spherical particle rotation. As a step toward application fields such as micro-robotics, the rotation of a prolate ellipsoid is studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hahn
- Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Lamprecht
- Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jurg Dual
- Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Hahn P, Leibacher I, Baasch T, Dual J. Numerical simulation of acoustofluidic manipulation by radiation forces and acoustic streaming for complex particles. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4302-13. [PMID: 26448531 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00866b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The numerical prediction of acoustofluidic particle motion is of great help for the design, the analysis, and the physical understanding of acoustofluidic devices as it allows for a simple and direct comparison with experimental observations. However, such a numerical setup requires detailed modeling of the acoustofluidic device with all its components and thorough understanding of the acoustofluidic forces inducing the particle motion. In this work, we present a 3D trajectory simulation setup that covers the full spectrum, comprising a time-harmonic device model, an acoustic streaming model of the fluid cavity, a radiation force simulation, and the calculation of the hydrodynamic drag. In order to make quantitatively accurate predictions of the device vibration and the acoustic field, we include the viscous boundary layer damping. Using a semi-analytical method based on Nyborg's calculations, the boundary-driven acoustic streaming is derived directly from the device simulation and takes into account cavity wall vibrations which have often been neglected in the literature. The acoustic radiation forces and the hydrodynamic drag are calculated numerically to handle particles of arbitrary shape, structure, and size. In this way, complex 3D particle translation and rotation inside experimental microdevices can be predicted. We simulate the rotation of a microfiber in an amplitude-modulated 2D field and analyze the results with respect to experimental observations. For a quantitative verification, the motion of an alumina microdisk is compared to a simple experiment. Demonstrating the potential of the simulation setup, we compute the trajectory of a red blood cell inside a realistic microdevice under the simultaneous effects of acoustic streaming and radiation forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hahn
- Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ivo Leibacher
- Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thierry Baasch
- Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jurg Dual
- Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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26
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Garbin A, Leibacher I, Hahn P, Le Ferrand H, Studart A, Dual J. Acoustophoresis of disk-shaped microparticles: A numerical and experimental study of acoustic radiation forces and torques. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 138:2759-2769. [PMID: 26627752 DOI: 10.1121/1.4932589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Disk-shaped microparticles experience an acoustic radiation force and torque in an ultrasonic standing wave. Hence, they are translated by the acoustic field, an effect called acoustophoresis, and rotated. The torque effect is also known from the "Rayleigh disk" which is described in literature for sound intensity measurements. In this paper, inviscid numerical simulations of acoustic radiation forces and torques for disks with radius ≪ wavelength in water are developed in good agreement with former analytical solutions, and the dependence on disk geometry, density, and orientation is discussed. Experiments with alumina disks (diameter 7.5 μm), suspended in an aqueous liquid in a silicon microchannel, confirm the theoretical results qualitatively at the microscale and ultrasonic frequencies around 2 MHz. These results can potentially be applied for the synthesis of disk-reinforced composite materials. The insights are also relevant for the acoustic handling of various disk-shaped particles, such as red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Garbin
- Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Leibacher
- Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Hahn
- Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hortense Le Ferrand
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Dual
- Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Zmijan R, Jonnalagadda US, Carugo D, Kochi Y, Lemm E, Packham G, Hill M, Glynne-Jones P. High throughput imaging cytometer with acoustic focussing. RSC Adv 2015; 5:83206-83216. [PMID: 29456838 PMCID: PMC5782801 DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19497k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate an imaging flow cytometer that uses acoustic levitation to assemble cells and other particles into a sheet structure. This technique enables a high resolution, low noise CMOS camera to capture images of thousands of cells with each frame. While ultrasonic focussing has previously been demonstrated for 1D cytometry systems, extending the technology to a planar, much higher throughput format and integrating imaging is non-trivial, and represents a significant jump forward in capability, leading to diagnostic possibilities not achievable with current systems. A galvo mirror is used to track the images of the moving cells permitting exposure times of 10 ms at frame rates of 50 fps with motion blur of only a few pixels. At 80 fps, we demonstrate a throughput of 208 000 beads per second. We investigate the factors affecting motion blur and throughput, and demonstrate the system with fluorescent beads, leukaemia cells and a chondrocyte cell line. Cells require more time to reach the acoustic focus than beads, resulting in lower throughputs; however a longer device would remove this constraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zmijan
- Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Umesh S Jonnalagadda
- Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Dario Carugo
- Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Yu Kochi
- Japan Patent Office, 3-chome-4-3 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-8915, Japan
| | - Elizabeth Lemm
- Cancer Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, UK
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton General Hospital, UK
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, UK
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton General Hospital, UK
| | - Martyn Hill
- Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Peter Glynne-Jones
- Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Sha C, Fan Y, Cheng J, Cheng H. Quantitative determination of dopamine in single rat pheochromocytoma cells by microchip electrophoresis with only one high-voltage power supply. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2357-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Sha
- Department of Pharmacy; South-Central University for Nationalities; Wuhan China
| | - Yuejuan Fan
- Department of Pharmacy; South-Central University for Nationalities; Wuhan China
| | - Jieke Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy; South-Central University for Nationalities; Wuhan China
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29
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Jiang H, Weng X, Li D. A novel microfluidic flow focusing method. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:054120. [PMID: 25538810 PMCID: PMC4241768 DOI: 10.1063/1.4899807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new microfluidic method that allows hydrodynamic focusing in a microchannel with two sheath flows is demonstrated. The microchannel network consists of a T-shaped main channel and two T-shaped branch channels. The flows of the sample stream and the sheath streams in the microchannel are generated by electroosmotic flow-induced pressure gradients. In comparison with other flow focusing methods, this novel method does not expose the sample to electrical field, and does not need any external pumps, tubing, and valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xuan Weng
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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