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Cheng Y, Liu Y, Wu Z, Shen C, Li S, Wang H, Chen C. Concept and simulation of a novel dual-layer linear ion trap mass analyzer for micro-electromechanical systems mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2024:14690667241251792. [PMID: 38706254 DOI: 10.1177/14690667241251792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
This paper proposed a dual-layer linear ion trap mass analyzer (dLIT) based on micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology and stacked-layer structure for the development of MEMS mass spectrometry. Its basic performance and potential capabilities were explored by ion trajectory simulations. The theoretical formulas were modified by implementing multipole expansion. The simulation results were confirmed to be highly consistent with theoretical calculations in multiple aspects, including stability diagram, secular frequencies, and mass linearity, with only a deviation of 1-2%. In the boundary ejection mode, close to 100% ejection was achieved in a single dimension by applying extra quadrupole DC voltage. Preliminary simulation results showed that dLIT can achieve a peak width of ∼2 mass units (full width at half maximum, FWHM) for m/z 60 ions even at pressures as high as 50 Pa. Furthermore, the application of AC frequency scanning mode in dLIT was also evaluated, and preliminary simulation results yield a peak width of 0.3-0.4 mass units (FWHM). The dLIT offered several advantages, including high-precision fabrication at the sub-millimeter scale, excellent high-pressure performance, and a clear physical model. It preliminarily proved to be an ideal mass analyzer for MEMS mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Cheng
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Youjiang Liu
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zhangxu Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Shen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Shan Li
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Han Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Chilai Chen
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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Scoggins TR, Specker JT, Prentice BM. Multiple ion isolation and accumulation events for selective chemical noise reduction and dynamic range enhancement in MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. Analyst 2024; 149:2459-2468. [PMID: 38525787 PMCID: PMC11149414 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00160e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Abundant chemical noise in MALDI imaging mass spectrometry experiments can impede the detection of less abundant compounds of interest. This chemical noise commonly originates from the MALDI matrix as well as other endogenous compounds present in high concentrations and/or with high ionization efficiencies. MALDI imaging mass spectrometry of biological tissues measures numerous biomolecular compounds that exist in a wide range of concentrations in vivo. When ion trapping instruments are used, highly abundant ions can dominate the charge capacity and lead to space charge effects that hinder the dynamic range and detection of lowly abundant compounds of interest. Gas-phase fractionation has been previously utilized in mass spectrometry to isolate and enrich target analytes. Herein, we have characterized the use of multiple continuous accumulations of selected ions (Multi CASI) to reduce the abundance of chemical noise and diminish the effects of space charge in MALDI imaging mass spectrometry experiments. Multi CASI utilizes the mass-resolving capability of a quadrupole mass filter to perform multiple sequential ion isolation events prior to a single mass analysis of the combined ion population. Multi CASI was used to improve metabolite and lipid detection in the MALDI imaging mass spectrometry analysis of rat brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy R Scoggins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | | | - Boone M Prentice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Li C, Jiang Y, Chu S, Yin X, Tan S, Huang Z, Dai X, Gong X, Fang X, Tian D. Analysis of low-abundance molecules in complex matrices by quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry using a simultaneous fragmentation and accumulation strategy. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9276. [PMID: 35189675 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fast and sensitive analysis of low-abundance molecules in complex matrices has always been a challenge in chemical and biological applications. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been widely used in the fields of chemical and biological analysis due to its unparalleled specificity and sensitivity. However, the MS signals consistently deteriorate in the presence of matrices. Demands for more sensitive and efficient methods to analyze those low-abundance molecules in chemical and biological systems are in urgent need. METHODS Based on a home-made quadrupole-linear ion trap (Q-LIT) mass spectrometer, a simultaneous fragmentation and accumulation strategy was developed to improve the sensitivity of the analysis for the low-abundance molecules in complex matrices. Ions were filtered by the quadrupole into the LIT. The precursor ions were fragmented and the product ions were isolated and accumulated in the LIT simultaneously. The fragmentation, isolation and accumulation processes were conducted at the same time. The accumulation time could be controlled to accumulate sufficient product ions. RESULTS With this strategy, the signal intensity of targeted molecules could be increased by 2-8 times and by increasing the accumulation time, this could be further enhanced. Those interferences induced by isomers and matrices can be reduced by using our method. We further applied our method to the quantification and analysis of biological samples. Tryptic digested peptides of myoglobin (Mb) were successfully detected by our method. CONCLUSIONS We have established a new method with great advantages in the detection of molecules in complex matrices. The application of this method promises better results in the bioanalytical area, especially for the analysis of substances in complex matrices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - You Jiang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Shiying Chu
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchi Yin
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Tan
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Zejian Huang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Gong
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Di Tian
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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4
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Li C, Chu S, Tan S, Yin X, Jiang Y, Dai X, Gong X, Fang X, Tian D. Towards Higher Sensitivity of Mass Spectrometry: A Perspective From the Mass Analyzers. Front Chem 2021; 9:813359. [PMID: 34993180 PMCID: PMC8724130 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.813359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques in many fields. Recent developments in chemical and biological researches have drawn much attention to the measurement of substances with low abundances in samples. Continuous efforts have been made consequently to further improve the sensitivity of MS. Modifications on the mass analyzers of mass spectrometers offer a direct, universal and practical way to obtain higher sensitivity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in mass analyzers for the improvement of mass spectrometers' sensitivity, including quadrupole, ion trap, time-of-flight (TOF) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron (FT-ICR), as well as different combinations of these mass analyzers. The advantages and limitations of different mass analyzers and their combinations are compared and discussed. This review provides guidance to the selection of suitable mass spectrometers in chemical and biological analytical applications. It is also beneficial to the development of novel mass spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiying Chu
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Siyuan Tan
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xinchi Yin
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - You Jiang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xiaoyun Gong
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xiang Fang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Di Tian
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Xu F, Wang W, Jin L, Qian B, Ding CF. Measurement of the effective electric field radius on digital ion trap spectrometer. Analyst 2021; 146:3810-3817. [PMID: 33977965 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effective electric field radius is a fundamental parameter of ion traps, and it has a significant influence on ion-trapping capability, signal intensity, mass range and some other properties of the ion trap. For a quadrupole ion trap built with ideal hyperbolic electrodes, its effective electric field radius can be obtained by its geometrical size, while it is very difficult to obtain the effective electric field radius for a non-hyperbolic ion trap. In this study, the effective electric field radius of a linear ion trap and some ceramic rectilinear ion traps (cRITs) were investigated via the digital ion trap technology. The dipole frequency of supplementary AC for excitation was locked at a certain value of the main RF trapping wave, and the characteristic q values for excitation could be determined accordingly. The q values could be further used to calculate the effective electric field radius through theoretical calculations. A linear equation had been fitted between the q values for excitation and the square of period T2 through experiments subsequently. The relative deviation between the measured electric field radius and the simulative electric field radius is less than 2%. The simulation results and experimental validation show that the approach has predictive power for modeling and measuring the effective field radius of non-hyperbolic ion traps. It is certainly significant for further understanding the performances of non-hyperbolic quadrupole systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Weimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Liuyu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Bingjun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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Prentice BM, Ryan DJ, Grove KJ, Cornett DS, Caprioli RM, Spraggins JM. Dynamic Range Expansion by Gas-Phase Ion Fractionation and Enrichment for Imaging Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13092-13100. [PMID: 32845133 PMCID: PMC8340028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the analysis of biological tissue by imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), the limit of detection and dynamic range are of paramount importance in obtaining experimental results that provide insight into underlying biological processes. Many important biomolecules are present in the tissue milieu in low concentrations and in complex mixtures with other compounds of widely ranging abundances, challenging the limits of analytical technologies. In many IMS experiments, the ion signal can be dominated by a few highly abundant ion species. On trap-based instrument platforms that accumulate ions prior to mass analysis, these high abundance ions can diminish the detection and dynamic range of lower abundance ions. Herein, we describe two strategies for combating these challenges during IMS experiments on a hybrid QhFT-ICR MS. In one iteration, the mass resolving capabilities of a quadrupole mass filter are used to selectively enrich ions of interest via a technique previously termed continuous accumulation of selected ions. Second, we have introduced a supplemental dipolar AC waveform to the quadrupole mass filter of a commercial QhFT-ICR mass spectrometer to perform selected ion ejection prior to the ion accumulation region. This setup allows the selective ejection of the most abundant ion species prior to ion accumulation, thereby greatly improving the molecular depth with which IMS can probe tissue samples. The gain in sensitivity of both of these approaches roughly scales with the number of accumulated laser shots up to the charge capacity of the ion accumulation cell. The efficiencies of these two strategies are described here by performing lipid imaging mass spectrometry analyses of a rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boone M Prentice
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Daniel J Ryan
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Kerri J Grove
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | - Richard M Caprioli
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Spraggins
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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7
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Foreman DJ, Bhanot J, Lee KW, McLuckey SA. Valet Parking for Protein Ion Charge State Concentration: Ion/Molecule Reactions in Linear Ion Traps. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5419-5425. [PMID: 32100997 PMCID: PMC7145756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There are several analytical applications in which it is desirable to concentrate analyte ions generated over a range of charge states into a single charge state. This has been demonstrated in the gas phase via ion/ion reactions in conjunction with a technique termed ion parking, which can be implemented in electrodynamic ion traps. Ion parking depends upon the selective inhibition of the reaction of a selected charge state or charge states. In this work, we demonstrate a similar charge state concentration effect using ion/molecule reactions rather than ion/ion reactions. The rates of ion/molecule reactions cannot be affected in the manner used in conventional ion parking. Rather, to inhibit the progression of ion/molecule proton transfer reactions, the product ions must be removed from the reaction cell as they are formed and transferred to an ion trap where no reactions occur. This is accomplished here with mass-selective axial ejection (MSAE) from one linear ion trap to another. The application of MSAE to inhibit ion/molecule reactions is referred to as "valet parking" as it entails the transport of the ions of interest to a remote location for storage. Valet parking is demonstrated using model proteins to concentrate ion signal dispersed over multiple charge states into largely one charge state. Additionally, it has been applied to a simple two-protein mixture of cytochrome c and myoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Foreman
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
| | - Jay Bhanot
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
| | - Kenneth W. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
| | - Scott A. McLuckey
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
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9
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He M, Jiang Y, Wang X, Zhao Y, Ye S, Ma J, Fang X, Xu W. Rapid characterization of structure-dependency gas-phase ion/ion reaction via accumulative tandem MS. Talanta 2018; 195:17-22. [PMID: 30625528 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To enable the rapid detection of biomolecule reactivity and reaction sites, we developed a method based on gas-phase ion/ion reaction and accumulative tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Structure-dependency reactions in gas-phase were performed between biomolecule ions and their reaction partner ions with opposite polarities in a quadrupole ion trap. Gas-phase peptide bioconjugation with pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) was chosen as a proof-of-principle example. It is found that the Coulomb attraction force holds reaction partners close together, which increasing the reaction probability. Post reaction, reaction sites were identified by the consequent accumulative tandem MS method, in which informative product ions in low abundance were enriched by more than 100 times in another quadrupole ion trap. With enough product ions, tandem MS was performed, and reaction sites could be identified unambiguously. Since those reactions are normally biomolecular structure dependent, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also carried out to understand the reaction mechanism. The method allows for rapid characterization of structure dependent reactivity of a biomolecule, and opens a new avenue for drug development and biomolecule structure analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyi He
- College of Information Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - You Jiang
- National Institute of Metrology, No.18, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang Dist, Beijing 100013, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist, Beijing, PR China
| | - Sijian Ye
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jiabi Ma
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiang Fang
- National Institute of Metrology, No.18, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang Dist, Beijing 100013, PR China.
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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10
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Tian Y, Decker TK, McClellan JS, Bennett L, Li A, De la Cruz A, Andrews D, Lammert SA, Hawkins AR, Austin DE. Improved Miniaturized Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer Using Lithographically Patterned Plates and Tapered Ejection Slit. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:213-222. [PMID: 28836122 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a new two-plate linear ion trap mass spectrometer that overcomes both performance-based and miniaturization-related issues with prior designs. Borosilicate glass substrates are patterned with aluminum electrodes on one side and wire-bonded to printed circuit boards. Ions are trapped in the space between two such plates. Tapered ejection slits in each glass plate eliminate issues with charge build-up within the ejection slit and with blocking of ions that are ejected at off-nominal angles. The tapered slit allows miniaturization of the trap features (electrode size, slit width) needed for further reduction of trap size while allowing the use of substrates that are still thick enough to provide ruggedness during handling, assembly, and in-field applications. Plate spacing was optimized during operation using a motorized translation stage. A scan rate of 2300 Th/s with a sample mixture of toluene and deuterated toluene (D8) and xylenes (a mixture of o-, m-, p-) showed narrowest peak widths of 0.33 Th (FWHM). Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Trevor K Decker
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Joshua S McClellan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Linsey Bennett
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Ailin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Abraham De la Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Derek Andrews
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | | | - Aaron R Hawkins
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Daniel E Austin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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XU FX, DANG QK, DING HY, HUANG ZX, WANG YY, ZHOU Z, DING CF. Performance Investigation of Ion Trap with Various Collision Gas and Pressures. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(17)61007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Si X, Xiong X, Zhang S, Fang X, Zhang X. Detecting Low-Abundance Molecules at Single-Cell Level by Repeated Ion Accumulation in Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2275-2281. [PMID: 28192947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-abundance metabolites or proteins in single-cell samples are usually undetectable by mass spectrometry (MS) due to the limited amount of substances in single cells. This limitation inspired us to further enhance the sensitivity of commercial mass spectrometers. Herein, we developed a technique named repeated ion accumulation by ion trap MS, which is capable of enhancing the sensitivity by selectively and repeatedly accumulating ions in a linear ion trap for up to 25 cycles. The increase in MS sensitivity was positively correlated with the number of repeated cycles. When ions were repeatedly accumulated for 25 cycles, the sensitivity of adenosine triphosphate detection was increased by 22-fold within 1.8 s. Our technique could stably detect low-abundance ions, especially MSn ions, at the single-cell level, such as 5-methylcytosine hydrolyzed from sample equivalent to ∼0.2 MCF7 cell. The strategy presented in this study offers the possibility to aid single-cell analysis by enhancing MS detection sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Si
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods, Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingchuang Xiong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods, Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Sichun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods, Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods, Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods, Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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Holden DD, Brodbelt JS. Improving Performance Metrics of Ultraviolet Photodissociation Mass Spectrometry by Selective Precursor Ejection. Anal Chem 2016; 89:837-846. [PMID: 28105830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Confident protein identifications derived from high-throughput bottom-up and top-down proteomics workflows depend on acquisition of thousands of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra with adequate signal-to-noise and accurate mass assignments of the fragment ions. Ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) using 193 nm photons has proven to be well-suited for activation and fragmentation of peptides and proteins in ion trap mass spectrometers, but the spectral signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is typically lower than that obtained from collisional activation methods. The lower S/N is attributed to the dispersion of ion current among numerous fragment ion channels (a,b,c,x,y,z ions). In addition, frequently UVPD is performed such that a relatively large population of precursor ions remains undissociated after the UV photoactivation period in order to prevent overdissociation into small uninformative or internal fragment ions. Here we report a method to improve spectral S/N and increase the accuracy of mass assignments of UVPD mass spectra via resonance ejection of undissociated precursor ions after photoactivation. This strategy, termed precursor ejection UVPD or PE-UVPD, allows the ion trap to be filled with more ions prior to UVPD while at the same time alleviating the space charge problems that would otherwise contribute to the skewing of mass assignments and reduction of S/N. Here we report the performance gains by implementation of PE-UVPD for peptide analysis in an ion trap mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin D Holden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Hu L, Guo D, Fang X, Zhou M, Xu W. Reducing Space Charge Effects in a Linear Ion Trap by Rhombic Ion Excitation and Ejection. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:1256-1262. [PMID: 27080008 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Space charge effects play important roles in ion trap operations, which typically limit the ion trapping capacity, dynamic range, mass accuracy, and resolving power of a quadrupole ion trap. In this study, a rhombic ion excitation and ejection method was proposed to minimize space charge effects in a linear ion trap. Instead of applying a single dipolar AC excitation signal, two dipolar AC excitation signals with the same frequency and amplitude but 90° phase difference were applied in the x- and y-directions of the linear ion trap, respectively. As a result, mass selective excited ions would circle around the ion cloud located at the center of the ion trap, rather than go through the ion cloud. In this work, excited ions were then axially ejected and detected, but this rhombic ion excitation method could also be applied to linear ion traps with ion radial ejection capabilities. Experiments show that space charge induced mass resolution degradation and mass shift could be alleviated with this method. For the experimental conditions in this work, space charge induced mass shift could be decreased by ~50%, and the mass resolving power could be improved by ~2 times at the same time. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, FUDAN University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100013, China
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lili Hu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dan Guo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, FUDAN University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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15
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Multiple stage MS in analysis of plasma, serum, urine and in vitro samples relevant to clinical and forensic toxicology. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:457-81. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.16.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews MS approaches applied to metabolism studies, structure elucidation and qualitative or quantitative screening of drugs (of abuse) and/or their metabolites. Applications in clinical and forensic toxicology were included using blood plasma or serum, urine, in vitro samples, liquids, solids or plant material. Techniques covered are liquid chromatography coupled to low-resolution and high-resolution multiple stage mass analyzers. Only PubMed listed studies published in English between January 2008 and January 2015 were considered. Approaches are discussed focusing on sample preparation and mass spectral settings. Comments on advantages and limitations of these techniques complete the review.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton T. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation
Development, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Christopher J. Pulliam
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation
Development, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, W.
Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation
Development, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907
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17
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XU FX, DANG QK, CHEN YJ, YANG K, WANG Q, CHEN B, WANG YY, DING CF. Rapid Mass Analysis of Reserpine and Arginine by Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(15)60833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Zhai Y, Feng Y, Wei Y, Wang Y, Xu W. Development of a miniature mass spectrometer with continuous atmospheric pressure interface. Analyst 2015; 140:3406-14. [PMID: 25860539 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00462d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The demand for on-the-spot analysis is met by a miniature mass spectrometer which is preferred to be robust, stable, as small as possible and capable of analyzing different samples by coupling with various ionization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Zhai
- School of Life Science
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Yan Feng
- Lanzhou Institute of Physics
- Gansu 730000
- China
| | - Yongzheng Wei
- School of Life Science
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- School of Life Science
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
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