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Shimizu FM, Pasqualeti AM, Nicoliche CYN, Gobbi AL, Santhiago M, Lima RS. Alcohol-Triggered Capillarity through Porous Pyrolyzed Paper-Based Electrodes Enables Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of Phosphate. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3125-3132. [PMID: 34399053 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The sensing field has shed light on an urgent necessity for field-deployable, user-friendly, sensitive, and scalable platforms that are able to translate solutions into the real world. Here, we attempt to meet these requests by addressing a simple, low-cost, and fast electrochemical approach to provide sensitive assays that consist of dropping a small volume (0.5 μL) of off-the-shelf alcohols on pyrolyzed paper-based electrodes before adding the sample (150 μL). This method was applied in the detection of phosphate after the formation of the phosphomolybdate complex (250-860 nm in size). Prior drops of isopropanol allow for the fast penetration of the sample through pores of this hydrophobic paper, delivering hindrance-free redox reactions across increasing active areas and ultimately improving the detection performance. The sensitivity (-1.9 10-6 mA cm-2 ppb-1) and limit of detection (1.1 ppb) were improved, respectively, by factors of 33 and 99 over the data achieved without the addition of isopropanol, listing among the lowest values when compared with those results reported in the literature for phosphate (expressed in terms of the concentration of phosphorus). The approach enabled the quantification of this analyte in real samples with accuracies ranging from 87 to 103%. Furthermore, preliminary measurements demonstrated the successful performance of the electrodes with prior addition of other widely used alcohols, that is, methanol and ethanol. These results may extend the applicability of the method. In special, the scalability and eco-friendly character of the electrode fabrication combined with the sensitivity and simplicity of the analyses make the developed platform a promising alternative that may help to pave the way for a new generation of disposable sensors toward the daily monitoring of phosphate in water samples, thus contributing to prevent ecological side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio M. Shimizu
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Anielli M. Pasqualeti
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Caroline Y. N. Nicoliche
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Angelo L. Gobbi
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Murilo Santhiago
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Renato S. Lima
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
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Guo Y, Li HY, Huang J, Shen S, Wang CJ, Wu ZY, Xie B. Efficient separation of V(V) and Cr(VI) in aqua by microemulsion extraction. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Xie M, Wu J, Ji L, Jiang X, Zhang J, Ge M, Cai X. Development of Triptolide Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System and Its Anti-tumor Effect on Gastric Cancer Xenografts. Front Oncol 2019; 9:978. [PMID: 31637212 PMCID: PMC6788343 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To develop a triptolide (TP) self-microemulsifying drug delivery system and to investigate its anti-tumor effect on human gastric cancer line MGC80-3 xenografts in nude mice. Methods: The medium chain triglyceride (MCT) was selected as oil phase; polyoxyethylene castor oil (EL) was selected as surfactant, and PEG-400 was selected as cosurfactant. The mass ratio of each phase was optimized by central composite design and response surface methodology to prepare TP-SMEDDS (self-microemulsifying drug delivery system). The quality of TP-SMEDDS was evaluated, and its inhibitory effect on tumor growth investigated in nude mice transplanted with MGC80-3 cells. Results: The final prescription process was defined as follows: MCT mass ratio: 25.3%; EL mass ratio: 49.6%; PEG-400 mass ratio: 25.1%. The prepared TP-SMEDDS was a transparent liquid with a clear appearance (the theoretical particle size: 31.168 nm). On transmission electron microscopy, the microemulsion particles were spherical in size and uniformly distributed without adhesions. The in vitro release experiment showed complete release of the prepared TP-SMEDDS in PBS solution in 6 h. In vivo antitumor activity showed its inhibitory effect in the xenograft model. Conclusion: The self-microemulsifying delivery system improved the oral bioavailability and the in vivo antitumor effect of TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqaing Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinjun Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Martucci DH, Todão FR, Shimizu FM, Fukudome TM, Schwarz SDF, Carrilho E, Gobbi AL, Oliveira ON, Lima RS. Auxiliary electrode oxidation for naked-eye electrochemical determinations in microfluidics: Towards on-the-spot applications. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Turbulence in microfluidics: Cleanroom-free, fast, solventless, and bondless fabrication and application in high throughput liquid-liquid extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 940:73-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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An integrated platform for gas-diffusion separation and electrochemical determination of ethanol on fermentation broths. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 875:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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