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Cortés-Avendaño P, Macavilca EA, Ponce-Rosas FC, Murillo-Baca SM, Quispe-Neyra J, Alvarado-Zambrano F, Condezo-Hoyos L. Microfluidic paper-based analytical device for measurement of pH using as sensor red cabbage anthocyanins and gum arabic. Food Chem 2025; 462:140964. [PMID: 39213972 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop and validate a novel microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPADpH) for determining the pH levels in foods. Anthocyanins from red cabbage aqueous extract (RCAE) were used as its analytical sensor. Whatman No. 1 filter paper was the most suitable for the device due to its porosity and fiber organization, which allows for maximum color intensity and minimal color heterogeneity of the RCAE in the detection zone of the μPADpH. To ensure the color stability of the RCAE for commercial use of the μPADpH, gum arabic was added. The geometric design of the μPADpH, including the channel length and separation zone diameter, was systematically optimized using colored food. The validation showed that the μPADpH did not differ from the pH meter when analyzing natural foods. However, certain additives in processed foods were found to increase the pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cortés-Avendaño
- Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Innovative Technology, Food and Health Research Group, Lima, Peru; Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Instituto de Investigación de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Lima, Peru
| | - Edwin A Macavilca
- Universidad Nacional Jose Faustino Sanchez Carrion, Departamento de Ingenieria en Industrias Alimentarias, Functional Food Research Laboratory, Huacho, Peru
| | - Fortunato C Ponce-Rosas
- Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Escuela de Formación Profesional de Industrias Alimentarias, La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru
| | - Silvia M Murillo-Baca
- Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Escuela de Formación Profesional de Industrias Alimentarias, La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru
| | - Juan Quispe-Neyra
- Universidad Nacional de Piura, Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Agroindustrial e Industrias Alimentarias, Piura, Peru
| | - Fredy Alvarado-Zambrano
- Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo, Facultad de Ingenieria de Industrias Alimentarias, Huaraz, Peru
| | - Luis Condezo-Hoyos
- Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Innovative Technology, Food and Health Research Group, Lima, Peru; Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Instituto de Investigación de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Lima, Peru.
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2
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Bacheller S, Gupta M. Surface modification of paper-based microfluidic devices via initiated chemical vapor deposition. LAB ON A CHIP 2024. [PMID: 39344944 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00414k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Paper-based microfluidic devices offer an ideal platform for biological and environmental detection because they are low-cost, small, disposable, and fill by natural capillary action. In this tutorial review, we discuss the surface modification of paper-based microfluidic devices with functional polymers using the initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) process. The iCVD process is solventless and therefore ideal for coating cellulose paper because there are no surface tension effects or solvent compatibility issues. The process can also be scaled up for roll-to-roll manufacturing. The chemical functionality of the iCVD coating can be tuned by varying the monomer and the structure of the coating can be tuned by varying the processing parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Bacheller
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, 925 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
| | - Malancha Gupta
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, 925 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
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3
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Choi MG, Han JM, Lim H, Ahn S, Chang SK. Colorimetric pH-sensing of artificial gastric fluid using naphthalimide-based CH acids. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 326:125166. [PMID: 39342719 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.125166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we introduce novel colorimetric pH-sensing probes based on naphthalimide malonate derivatives. These probes were synthesized by reacting 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalimide with various malonates, including malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate, and diethyl malonate. Each derivative exhibited distinct pH-sensing characteristics due to their differing CH acidities. The malononitrile-based probe, NPI-N2, demonstrated pronounced chromogenic pH-signaling behavior, transitioning from colorless to red-violet, accompanied by a decrease in fluorescence intensity. Notably, NPI-N2 retained its pH-sensing capability in the presence of common metal ions, anions, and pepsin, a key component of gastric fluid. The pKa of NPI-N2 was determined to be 3.08 through pH-dependent absorbance curve fitting. To modulate the pH-sensing range, ester-nitrile (NPI-EN) and diethyl ester (NPI-E2) subunits were incorporated into the naphthalimide framework, resulting in increased pKa values of 6.73 and 10.76, respectively. The pH-signaling mechanism of NPI-N2 was elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, revealing deprotonation of the malononitrile moiety and subsequent resonance extension through the naphthalimide structure. To facilitate practical pH determination, NPI-N2 was integrated into a paper-based test strip, enabling convenient and reliable pH measurement of artificial gastric fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Gil Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Han
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeona Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdoo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suk-Kyu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Fiore L, Mazzaracchio V, Antinucci A, Ferrara R, Sciarra T, Lista F, Shen AQ, Arduini F. Wearable electrochemical device based on butterfly-like paper-based microfluidics for pH and Na + monitoring in sweat. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:580. [PMID: 39243287 PMCID: PMC11380643 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
A wearable potentiometric device is reported based on an innovative butterfly-like paper-based microfluidic system, allowing for continuous monitoring of pH and Na+ levels in sweat during physical activity. Specifically, the use of the butterfly-like configuration avoids evaporation phenomena and memory effects, enabling precise and timely biomarker determination in sweat. Two ad hoc modified screen-printed electrodes were embedded in the butterfly-like paper-based microfluidics, and the sensing device was further integrated with a portable and miniaturized potentiostat, leveraging Bluetooth technology for efficient data transmission. First, the paper-based microfluidic configuration was tested for optimal fluidic management to obtain optimized performance of the device. Subsequently, the two electrodes were individually tested to detect the two biomarkers, namely pH and Na+. The results demonstrated highly promising near-Nernstian (0.056 ± 0.002 V/dec) and super-Nernstian (- 0.080 ± 0.003 V/pH) responses, for Na+ and pH detection, respectively. Additionally, several important parameters such as storage stability, interferents, and memory effect by hysteresis study were also investigated. Finally, the butterfly-like paper-based microfluidic wearable device was tested for Na+ and pH monitoring during the physical activity of three volunteers engaged in different exercises, obtaining a good correlation between Na+ increase and dehydration phenomena. Furthermore, one volunteer was tested through a cardiopulmonary test, demonstrating a correlation between sodium Na+ increase and the energetic effort by the volunteer. Our wearable device highlights the high potential to enable early evaluation of dehydration and open up new opportunities in sports activity monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fiore
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- SENSE4MED, Via Bitonto 139, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaracchio
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Antinucci
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- SENSE4MED, Via Bitonto 139, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrara
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Italian Army Medical Hospital, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Sciarra
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Italian Army Medical Hospital, 00184, Rome, Italy
- Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- SENSE4MED, Via Bitonto 139, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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5
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Milić L, Zambry NS, Ibrahim FB, Petrović B, Kojić S, Thiha A, Joseph K, Jamaluddin NF, Stojanović GM. Advances in textile-based microfluidics for biomolecule sensing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:051502. [PMID: 39296324 PMCID: PMC11410389 DOI: 10.1063/5.0222244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Textile-based microfluidic biosensors represent an innovative fusion of various multidisciplinary fields, including bioelectronics, material sciences, and microfluidics. Their potential in biomedicine is significant as they leverage textiles to achieve high demands of biocompatibility with the human body and conform to the irregular surfaces of the body. In the field of microfluidics, fabric coated with hydrophobic materials serves as channels through which liquids are transferred in precise amounts to the sensing element, which in this case is a biosensor. This paper presents a condensed overview of the current developments in textile-based microfluidics and biosensors in biomedical applications over the past 20 years (2005-2024). A literature search was performed using the Scopus database. The fabrication techniques and materials used are discussed in this paper, as these will be key in various modifications and advancements in textile-based microfluidics. Furthermore, we also address the gaps in the application of textile-based microfluidic analytical devices in biomedicine and discuss the potential solutions. Advances in textile-based microfluidics are enabled by various printing and fabric manufacturing techniques, such as screen printing, embroidery, and weaving. Integration of these devices into everyday clothing holds promise for future vital sign monitoring, such as glucose, albumin, lactate, and ion levels, as well as early detection of hereditary diseases through gene detection. Although most testing currently takes place in a laboratory or controlled environment, this field is rapidly evolving and pushing the boundaries of biomedicine, improving the quality of human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazar Milić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Trg D. Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | - Bojan Petrović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Trg D. Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sanja Kojić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Trg D. Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | - Nurul Fauzani Jamaluddin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Goran M Stojanović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Trg D. Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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6
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Sousa LR, Moreira NS, Guinati BGS, Coltro WKT, Cortón E, Figueredo F. Improved sensitivity in paper-based microfluidic analytical devices using a pH-responsive valve for nitrate analysis. Talanta 2024; 277:126361. [PMID: 38878509 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents an innovative application of chitosan material to be used as pH-responsive valves for the precise control of lateral flow in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs). The fabrication of μPADs involved wax printing, while pH-responsive valves were created using a solution of chitosan in acetic acid. The valve-forming solution was applied, and ready when dry; by exposure to acidic solutions, the valve opens. Remarkably, the valves exhibited excellent compatibility with alkaline, neutral, and acidic solutions with a pH higher than 4. The valve opening process had no impact on the flow rate and colorimetric analysis. The potential of chitosan valves used for flow control was demonstrated for μPADs employed for nitrate determination. Valves were used to increase the conversion time of nitrate to nitrite, which was further analyzed using the Griess reaction. The μPAD showed a linear response in the concentration range of 10-100 μmol L-1, with a detection limit of 5.4 μmol L-1. As a proof of concept, the assay was successfully applied to detect nitrate levels in water samples from artificial lakes of recreational parks. For analyses that require controlled kinetics and involve multiple sequential steps, the use of chitosan pH-responsive valves in μPADs is extremely valuable. This breakthrough holds great potential for the development of simple and high-impact microfluidic platforms that can cater to a wide range of analytical chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R Sousa
- Departamento de Química Biológica e IQUIBICEN -CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CABA, Argentina; Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Nikaele S Moreira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Bárbara G S Guinati
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Wendell K T Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cortón
- Departamento de Química Biológica e IQUIBICEN -CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CABA, Argentina
| | - Federico Figueredo
- Departamento de Química Biológica e IQUIBICEN -CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CABA, Argentina.
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7
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C S S, Kini V, Singh M, Mukhopadhyay C, Nag P, Sadani K. Disposable electrochemical biosensors for the detection of bacteria in the light of antimicrobial resistance. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:2549-2584. [PMID: 38822742 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Persistent and inappropriate use of antibiotics is causing rife antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide. Common bacterial infections are thus becoming increasingly difficult to treat without the use of last resort antibiotics. This has necessitated a situation where it is imperative to confirm the infection to be bacterial, before treating it with antimicrobial speculatively. Conventional methods of bacteria detection are either culture based which take anywhere between 24 and 96 hor require sophisticated molecular analysis equipment with libraries and trained operators. These are difficult propositions for resource limited community healthcare setups of developing or less developed countries. Customized, inexpensive, point-of-care (PoC) biosensors are thus being researched and developed for rapid detection of bacterial pathogens. The development and optimization of disposable sensor substrates is the first and crucial step in development of such PoC systems. The substrates should facilitate easy charge transfer, a high surface to volume ratio, be tailorable by the various bio-conjugation chemistries, preserve the integrity of the biorecognition element, yet be inexpensive. Such sensor substrates thus need to be thoroughly investigated. Further, if such systems were made disposable, they would attain immunity to biofouling. This article discusses a few potential disposable electrochemical sensor substrates deployed for detection of bacteria for environmental and healthcare applications. The technologies have significant potential in helping reduce bacterial infections and checking AMR. This could help save lives of people succumbing to bacterial infections, as well as improve the overall quality of lives of people in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelakshmi C S
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vrinda Kini
- Department of Instrumentation and Control, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Maargavi Singh
- Department of Instrumentation and Control, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja Nag
- Department of Mechatronics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kapil Sadani
- Department of Instrumentation and Control, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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8
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Bork I, Dombrowsky CS, Bitsch S, Happel D, Geyer FK, Avrutina O, Kolmar H. Tailor-Made Bioactive Papers by Site-Specific and Orthogonal Covalent Immobilization of Proteins. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:5300-5309. [PMID: 39007485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
A strategy for the bioorthogonal immobilization of proteins onto commercially available filter paper is presented. Recently, a two-step approach has been described that relies on covalent immobilization of a linker molecule to paper, followed by enzyme-mediated conjugation of a protein of interest containing an enzyme-recognition tag. Here, this strategy was expanded by evaluating four different chemical and chemoenzymatic reactions and investigating paper loading efficiency and orthogonality. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was used as a model protein to allow quantification of protein loading via fluorescence imaging. Two approaches were identified that showed significantly increased loading efficiencies compared with the previously applied conjugation strategy. Additionally, all four methods were proven orthogonal to each other, allowing simultaneous immobilization of a mixture of proteins to a premodified assembly of two paper sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Bork
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Carolin S Dombrowsky
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bitsch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Dominic Happel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Felix K Geyer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Olga Avrutina
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
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9
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Colozza N, Mazzaracchio V, Arduini F. Paper-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for the Detection of Target Analytes in Liquid, Aerosol, and Solid Samples. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2024; 17:127-147. [PMID: 38640070 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061522-034228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The last decade has been incredibly fruitful in proving the multifunctionality of paper for delivering innovative electrochemical (bio)sensors. The paper material exhibits unprecedented versatility to deal with complex liquid matrices and facilitate analytical detection in aerosol and solid phases. Such remarkable capabilities are feasible by exploiting the intrinsic features of paper, including porosity, capillary forces, and its easy modification, which allow for the fine designing of a paper device. In this review, we shed light on the most relevant paper-based electrochemical (bio)sensors published in the literature so far to identify the smart functional roles that paper can play to bridge the gap between academic research and real-world applications in the biomedical, environmental, agrifood, and security fields. Our analysis aims to highlight how paper's multifarious properties can be artfully harnessed for breaking the boundaries of the most classical applications of electrochemical (bio)sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Colozza
- 1Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;
- 2Sense4Med S.R.L., Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaracchio
- 1Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- 1Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;
- 2Sense4Med S.R.L., Rome, Italy
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10
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Zhang M, Wang X, Liu S, Riaz T, Chen Q, Ouyang Q. Integrating target-responsive microfluidic-based biosensing chip with smartphone for simultaneous quantification of multiple fluoroquinolones. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 254:116192. [PMID: 38489967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The presence of fluoroquinolone (FQs) antibiotic residues in the food and environment has become a significant concern for human health and ecosystems. In this study, the background-free properties of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), the high specificity of the target aptamer (Apt), and the high quenching properties of graphene oxide (GO) were integrated into a microfluidic-based fluorescence biosensing chip (MFBC). Interestingly, the microfluidic channels of the MFBC were prepared by laser-printing technology without the need for complex preparation processes and additional specialized equipment. The target-responsive fluorescence biosensing probes loaded on the MFBC were prepared by self-assembly of the UCNPs-Apt complex with GO based on π-π stacking interactions, which can be used for the detection of the two FQs on a large scale without the need for multi-step manipulations and reactions, resulting in excellent multiplexed, automated and simultaneous sensing capabilities with detection limits as low as 1.84 ng/mL (enrofloxacin) and 2.22 ng/mL (ciprofloxacin). In addition, the MFBC was integrated with a smartphone into a portable device to enable the analysis of a wide range of FQs in the field. This research provides a simple-to-prepare biosensing chip with great potential for field applications and large-scale screening of FQs residues in the food and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Tahreem Riaz
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China; College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
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11
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Kumar S, Kaushal JB, Lee HP. Sustainable Sensing with Paper Microfluidics: Applications in Health, Environment, and Food Safety. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:300. [PMID: 38920604 PMCID: PMC11202065 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This manuscript offers a concise overview of paper microfluidics, emphasizing its sustainable sensing applications in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety. Researchers have developed innovative sensing platforms for detecting pathogens, pollutants, and contaminants by leveraging the paper's unique properties, such as biodegradability and affordability. These portable, low-cost sensors facilitate rapid diagnostics and on-site analysis, making them invaluable tools for resource-limited settings. This review discusses the fabrication techniques, principles, and applications of paper microfluidics, showcasing its potential to address pressing challenges and enhance human health and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scott Campus, Omaha, NE 68182-0816, USA
| | - Jyoti Bala Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Heow Pueh Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore;
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12
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Soman SS, Samad SA, Venugopalan P, Kumawat N, Kumar S. Microfluidic paper analytic device (μPAD) technology for food safety applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:031501. [PMID: 38706979 PMCID: PMC11068414 DOI: 10.1063/5.0192295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens, food adulterants, allergens, and toxic chemicals in food can cause major health hazards to humans and animals. Stringent quality control measures at all stages of food processing are required to ensure food safety. There is, therefore, a global need for affordable, reliable, and rapid tests that can be conducted at different process steps and processing sites, spanning the range from the sourcing of food to the end-product acquired by the consumer. Current laboratory-based food quality control tests are well established, but many are not suitable for rapid on-site investigations and are costly. Microfluidic paper analytical devices (μPADs) are a fast-growing field in medical diagnostics that can fill these gaps. In this review, we describe the latest developments in the applications of microfluidic paper analytic device (μPAD) technology in the food safety sector. State-of-the-art μPAD designs and fabrication methods, microfluidic assay principles, and various types of μPAD devices with food-specific applications are discussed. We have identified the prominent research and development trends and future directions for maximizing the value of microfluidic technology in the food sector and have highlighted key areas for improvement. We conclude that the μPAD technology is promising in food safety applications by using novel materials and improved methods to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of the assays, with low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soja Saghar Soman
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, UAE
| | - Shafeek Abdul Samad
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, UAE
| | | | - Nityanand Kumawat
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, UAE
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13
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Wang F, Xiao M, Qi J, Zhu L. Paper-based fluorescence sensor array with functionalized carbon quantum dots for bacterial discrimination using a machine learning algorithm. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3139-3148. [PMID: 38632131 PMCID: PMC11068836 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The rapid discrimination of bacteria is currently an emerging trend in the fields of food safety, medical detection, and environmental observation. Traditional methods often require lengthy culturing processes, specialized analytical equipment, and bacterial recognition receptors. In response to this need, we have developed a paper-based fluorescence sensor array platform for identifying different bacteria. The sensor array is based on three unique carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as sensing units, each modified with a different antibiotic (polymyxin B, ampicillin, and gentamicin). These antibiotic-modified CQDs can aggregate on the bacterial surface, triggering aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching. The sensor array exhibits varying fluorescent responses to different bacterial species. To achieve low-cost and portable detection, CQDs were formulated into fluorescent ink and used with an inkjet printer to manufacture paper-based sensor arrays. A smartphone was used to collect the responses generated by the bacteria and platform. Diverse machine learning algorithms were utilized to discriminate bacterial types. Our findings showcase the platform's remarkable capability to differentiate among five bacterial strains, within a detection range spanning from 1.0 × 103 CFU/mL to 1.0 × 107 CFU/mL. Its practicality is further validated through the accurate identification of blind bacterial samples. With its cost-effectiveness, ease of fabrication, and high degree of integration, this platform holds significant promise for on-site detection of diverse bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbin Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Minghui Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
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14
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Al-Jaf SH, Mohammed Ameen SS, Omer KM. A novel ratiometric design of microfluidic paper-based analytical device for the simultaneous detection of Cu 2+ and Fe 3+ in drinking water using a fluorescent MOF@tetracycline nanocomposite. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2306-2316. [PMID: 38530753 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01045g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The regular and on-site monitoring of ions in drinking water is essential for safeguarding public health, ensuring high water quality, and preserving the ecological balance of aquatic ecosystems. Thus, developing a portable analytical device for the rapid, cost-effective, and visual on-site detection of multiple environmental pollutants is notably significant. In the present work, a novel ratiometric microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) was designed and developed for the simultaneous detection of Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions in water samples taking advantages from built-in masking zone. The μPAD was functionalized with a greenish-yellow fluorescent Zn-based metal-organic framework@tetracycline (FMOF-5@TC) nanocomposite, and the ratiometric design was based on the change in emission color from greenish yellow (FMOF-5@TC) to blue (FMOF-5). The μPAD consisted of one sample zone linked to two detection zones via two channels: the first channel was for the detection of both ions, while the second was intended for detecting only Cu2+ ions and comprised a built-in masking zone to remove Fe3+ ions prior to reaching the detection zone. The corresponding color changes were recorded with the aid of a smartphone and RGB calculations. The linear ranges were 0.1-80 μM for Cu2+ and 0.2-160 μM for Fe3+, with limits of detection of 0.027 and 0.019 μM, respectively. The simple μPAD design enabled the simultaneous detection of Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions in drinking water samples with excellent accuracy and precision, with spike recoveries of 81.28-96.36% and 83.01-102.33% for Cu2+ and Fe3+, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah H Al-Jaf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Garmian, Darbandikhan Road, 46021, Kalar City, Sulaymaniyah Province, Kurdistan of Iraq
| | | | - Khalid M Omer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, 46002, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
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15
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Hang Y, Wang A, Wu N. Plasmonic silver and gold nanoparticles: shape- and structure-modulated plasmonic functionality for point-of-caring sensing, bio-imaging and medical therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2932-2971. [PMID: 38380656 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00793f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Silver and gold nanoparticles have found extensive biomedical applications due to their strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and intriguing plasmonic properties. This review article focuses on the correlation among particle geometry, plasmon properties and biomedical applications. It discusses how particle shape and size are tailored via controllable synthetic approaches, and how plasmonic properties are tuned by particle shape and size, which are embodied by nanospheres, nanorods, nanocubes, nanocages, nanostars and core-shell composites. This article summarizes the design strategies for the use of silver and gold nanoparticles in plasmon-enhanced fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), electroluminescence, and photoelectrochemistry. It especially discusses how to use plasmonic nanoparticles to construct optical probes including colorimetric, SERS and plasmonic fluorescence probes (labels/reporters). It also demonstrates the employment of Ag and Au nanoparticles in polymer- and paper-based microfluidic devices for point-of-care testing (POCT). In addition, this article highlights how to utilize plasmonic nanoparticles for in vitro and in vivo bio-imaging based on SERS, fluorescence, photoacoustic and dark-field models. Finally, this article shows perspectives in plasmon-enhanced photothermal and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Hang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
| | - Anyang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
| | - Nianqiang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
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16
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Zhang T, Di Carlo D, Lim CT, Zhou T, Tian G, Tang T, Shen AQ, Li W, Li M, Yang Y, Goda K, Yan R, Lei C, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y. Passive microfluidic devices for cell separation. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 71:108317. [PMID: 38220118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The separation of specific cell populations is instrumental in gaining insights into cellular processes, elucidating disease mechanisms, and advancing applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, diagnostics, and cell therapies. Microfluidic methods for cell separation have propelled the field forward, benefitting from miniaturization, advanced fabrication technologies, a profound understanding of fluid dynamics governing particle separation mechanisms, and a surge in interdisciplinary investigations focused on diverse applications. Cell separation methodologies can be categorized according to their underlying separation mechanisms. Passive microfluidic separation systems rely on channel structures and fluidic rheology, obviating the necessity for external force fields to facilitate label-free cell separation. These passive approaches offer a compelling combination of cost-effectiveness and scalability when compared to active methods that depend on external fields to manipulate cells. This review delves into the extensive utilization of passive microfluidic techniques for cell separation, encompassing various strategies such as filtration, sedimentation, adhesion-based techniques, pinched flow fractionation (PFF), deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), inertial microfluidics, hydrophoresis, viscoelastic microfluidics, and hybrid microfluidics. Besides, the review provides an in-depth discussion concerning cell types, separation markers, and the commercialization of these technologies. Subsequently, it outlines the current challenges faced in the field and presents a forward-looking perspective on potential future developments. This work hopes to aid in facilitating the dissemination of knowledge in cell separation, guiding future research, and informing practical applications across diverse scientific disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Tianyuan Zhou
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Guizhong Tian
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China.
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ruopeng Yan
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cheng Lei
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
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17
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Kumari M, Gupta V, Kumar N, Arun RK. Microfluidics-Based Nanobiosensors for Healthcare Monitoring. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:378-401. [PMID: 37166577 PMCID: PMC10173227 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Efficient healthcare management demands prompt decision-making based on fast diagnostics tools, astute data analysis, and informatics analysis. The rapid detection of analytes at the point of care is ensured using microfluidics in synergy with nanotechnology and biotechnology. The nanobiosensors use nanotechnology for testing, rapid disease diagnosis, monitoring, and management. In essence, nanobiosensors detect biomolecules through bioreceptors by modulating the physicochemical signals generating an optical and electrical signal as an outcome of the binding of a biomolecule with the help of a transducer. The nanobiosensors are sensitive and selective and play a significant role in the early identification of diseases. This article reviews the detection method used with the microfluidics platform for nanobiosensors and illustrates the benefits of combining microfluidics and nanobiosensing techniques by various examples. The fundamental aspects, and their application are discussed to illustrate the advancement in the development of microfluidics-based nanobiosensors and the current trends of these nano-sized sensors for point-of-care diagnosis of various diseases and their function in healthcare monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kumari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, NH-44, Jagti, PO Nagrota, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 181221, India
| | - Verruchi Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Kakryal, Katra, Jammu & Kashmir, 182320, India
| | - Natish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, NH-44, Jagti, PO Nagrota, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 181221, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Arun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, NH-44, Jagti, PO Nagrota, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 181221, India.
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18
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Aryal P, Hefner C, Martinez B, Henry CS. Microfluidics in environmental analysis: advancements, challenges, and future prospects for rapid and efficient monitoring. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1175-1206. [PMID: 38165815 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have emerged as advantageous tools for detecting environmental contaminants due to their portability, ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and rapid response capabilities. These devices have wide-ranging applications in environmental monitoring of air, water, and soil matrices, and have also been applied to agricultural monitoring. Although several previous reviews have explored microfluidic devices' utility, this paper presents an up-to-date account of the latest advancements in this field for environmental monitoring, looking back at the past five years. In this review, we discuss devices for prominent contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, nutrients, microorganisms, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), etc. We cover numerous detection methods (electrochemical, colorimetric, fluorescent, etc.) and critically assess the current state of microfluidic devices for environmental monitoring, highlighting both their successes and limitations. Moreover, we propose potential strategies to mitigate these limitations and offer valuable insights into future research and development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Aryal
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Claire Hefner
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Brandaise Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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19
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Yoon B, Tai KY, Thomas GM, Ow H, Chang S. Utilizing a Paper-Based Platform for Oilfield Applications: Time-Resolved Fluorescence Imaging and Detection of Interwell Chemical Tracers. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8239-8246. [PMID: 38405497 PMCID: PMC10882586 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Chemical tracers are indispensable tools for enhancing reservoir characterization and optimizing production processes in the oil and gas industry. Particularly, interwell water tracers provide key data for efficient water flood management and the improvement of production rates. However, the analysis of these water tracers within reservoir fluids is challenging, requiring laborious separation and extraction steps that often rely on complex instruments and skilled operators. Real-time analysis is especially problematic in remote areas with limited access to well-equipped laboratories. To address these challenges, we introduce a paper-based platform for the time-resolved fluorescence detection of dipicolinic acid (DPA) tracers complexed with terbium ion (Tb3+). Our innovation is driven by the need to simplify tracer analysis, make it portable, and enhance accessibility for oilfield applications. By leveraging the unique properties of cyclen-based macrocyclic ligands, we have achieved the stable and sensitive immobilization of Tb3+ on quartz microfilter paper, eliminating the need for extensive laboratory-based procedures. We achieve the stable and sensitive immobilization of Tb3+ on quartz microfilter paper by leveraging the unique properties of cyclen-based macrocyclic ligands. This innovation enables the formation of highly fluorescent, oil-blind, and optically detectable DPA-Tb3+ complexes at the paper surface. We visualize and capture these fluorescence signals using an intensified charge-coupled device camera via time gating, effectively suppressing undesirable fluorescence originating from crude oil. The quantification of DPA concentrations is achievable down to 158 ppb (9.45 × 10-7 M), as confirmed through time-resolved fluorescence microplate reader measurements. We also demonstrate the practicality of our technology by detecting DPA tracers in the presence of crude oil contamination, a common challenge encountered in oil production wells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Yoon
- Aramco Americas: Aramco
Research Center, Boston 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kiera Y. Tai
- Aramco Americas: Aramco
Research Center, Boston 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gawain M. Thomas
- Aramco Americas: Aramco
Research Center, Boston 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hooisweng Ow
- Aramco Americas: Aramco
Research Center, Boston 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sehoon Chang
- Aramco Americas: Aramco
Research Center, Boston 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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20
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Gharagozlou A, Pourjafar-Chelikdani M, Jafari A, Sadeghy K. Viscoelastic Effects on Spontaneous Imbibition in Unsaturated Porous Membranes of Complex Shapes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1335-1347. [PMID: 38166468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Richards equation is a robust mathematical model for predicting spontaneous imbibition in unsaturated porous materials, whether granular or fibrous. The main restriction of this imbibition model is that it is valid only for Newtonian fluids. In the present work, we extend the classic Richards equation to viscoelastic fluids using a modified version of the single-phase Darcy's law reported in the literature for several polymer solutions. In two-dimensional flows, the viscoelastic Richards model obtained this way turns out to be in the form of a system of three highly nonlinear coupled partial differential equations for the moisture content and the velocity field. The model is numerically validated against published experimental data for a shear-thinning polymer solution imbibed in a tight sandstone core sample extracted from a typical oil reservoir. The viscoelastic Richards model is then used to investigate the effect of a fluid's elasticity on the quasi-stationary regime in a two-dimensional porous membrane of complex shape typically used in diagnostic kits. The obtained numerical results suggest that elasticity has a retarding effect on spontaneous imbibition in capillary-driven, paper-based kits. Based on this new imbibition model, it is predicted that viscoelasticity of the displacing liquid can extend the duration of the quasi-stationary regime on the test line of diagnostic kits. The conclusion is that, for extending the quasi-steady regime in capillary-driven kits, it might prove useful to enhance the degree of elasticity of the test fluids using appropriate rheology modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gharagozlou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azadeh Jafari
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayvan Sadeghy
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Ruengpirasiri P, Charoensin P, Aniwattapong A, Natekuekool P, Srisomwat C, Pinyorospathum C, Chaiyo S, Yakoh A. Graphene Pseudoreference Electrode for the Development of a Practical Paper-Based Electrochemical Heavy Metal Sensor. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1634-1642. [PMID: 38222522 PMCID: PMC10785785 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Paper-based electrochemical devices (PEDs) have emerged as versatile platforms that bridge analytical chemistry and materials science, demonstrating advantages of portability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. This study investigates the integration of a graphene pseudoreference electrode (GPRE) into a PED, and it exhibits potential advantages over the traditional Ag/AgCl pseudoreference electrode (PRE). In addition, the electrochemical properties and stability of GPRE are compared with those of the traditional Ag/AgCl PRE. The results demonstrate that GPRE exhibits a stable and reproducible potential during electrochemical measurement throughout 180 days, demonstrating its suitability as an alternative to an expensive metal PRE. Furthermore, a GPRE-incorporated paper-based device is designed and evaluated for use in the electrochemical detection of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) using an in situ bismuth-modified electrode. The GPRE-incorporated PED exhibited good analytical performance, with a low limit of detection of 0.69 and 5.77 ng mL-1 and electrochemical sensitivities of 70.16 and 38.34 μA·mL·μg-1·cm-2 for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. More than 99.9% accuracy of the sensor was obtained for both ions with respect to conventional inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The results highlight the effectiveness and suitability of the GPRE-incorporated PED as a sensor for various applications, such as environmental monitoring, food quality control, and medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pimchanok Charoensin
- Kamnoetvidya
Science Academy, 999 Moo. 1, Payupnai, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Akkrawat Aniwattapong
- Kamnoetvidya
Science Academy, 999 Moo. 1, Payupnai, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Pemika Natekuekool
- Kamnoetvidya
Science Academy, 999 Moo. 1, Payupnai, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Chawin Srisomwat
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Chanika Pinyorospathum
- National
Laboratory Animal Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Analytical
Sciences and National Doping Test Institute, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sudkate Chaiyo
- The
Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Department
of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Abdulhadee Yakoh
- The
Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Department
of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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22
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Pour SRS, Calabria D, Emamiamin A, Lazzarini E, Pace A, Guardigli M, Zangheri M, Mirasoli M. Microfluidic-Based Non-Invasive Wearable Biosensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Sweat Biomarkers. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:29. [PMID: 38248406 PMCID: PMC10813635 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Wearable biosensors are attracting great interest thanks to their high potential for providing clinical-diagnostic information in real time, exploiting non-invasive sampling of biofluids. In this context, sweat has been demonstrated to contain physiologically relevant biomarkers, even if it has not been exhaustively exploited till now. This biofluid has started to gain attention thanks to the applications offered by wearable biosensors, as it is easily collectable and can be used for continuous monitoring of some parameters. Several studies have reported electrochemical and optical biosensing strategies integrated with flexible, biocompatible, and innovative materials as platforms for biospecific recognition reactions. Furthermore, sampling systems as well as the transport of fluids by microfluidics have been implemented into portable and compact biosensors to improve the wearability of the overall analytical device. In this review, we report and discuss recent pioneering works about the development of sweat sensing technologies, focusing on opportunities and open issues that can be decisive for their applications in routine-personalized healthcare practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Rojin Shariati Pour
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, I-47922 Rimini, Italy; (S.R.S.P.); (A.E.)
| | - Donato Calabria
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (E.L.); (A.P.); (M.G.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Afsaneh Emamiamin
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, I-47922 Rimini, Italy; (S.R.S.P.); (A.E.)
| | - Elisa Lazzarini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (E.L.); (A.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Andrea Pace
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (E.L.); (A.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (E.L.); (A.P.); (M.G.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121 Forlì, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea, and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Sant’Alberto 163, I-48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Martina Zangheri
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, I-47922 Rimini, Italy; (S.R.S.P.); (A.E.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research (CIRI AGRO), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, I-47521 Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Advanced Mechanical Engineering Applications and Materials Technology (CIRI MAM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, I-47922 Rimini, Italy; (S.R.S.P.); (A.E.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121 Forlì, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea, and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Sant’Alberto 163, I-48123 Ravenna, Italy
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23
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Mishra P, Navariya S, Gupta P, Singh BP, Chopra S, Shrivastava S, Agrawal VV. A novel approach to low-cost, rapid and simultaneous colorimetric detection of multiple analytes using 3D printed microfluidic channels. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231168. [PMID: 38234445 PMCID: PMC10791535 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This research paper presents an inventive technique to swiftly create microfluidic channels on distinct membrane papers, enabling colorimetric drug detection. Using a modified DIY RepRap 3D printer with a syringe pump, microfluidic channels (µPADs) are crafted on a flexible nylon-based substrate. This allows simultaneous detection of four common drugs with a single reagent. An optimized blend of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dissolved in hexane is used to create hydrophobic channels on various filter papers. The PDMS-hexane mixture infiltrates the paper's pores, forming hydrophobic barriers that confine liquids within the channels. These barriers are cured on the printer's hot plate, controlling channel width and preventing spreading. Capillary action drives fluid along these paths without spreading. This novel approach provides a versatile solution for rapid microfluidic channel creation on membrane papers. The DIY RepRap 3D printer integration offers precise control and faster curing. The PDMS-hexane solution accurately forms hydrophobic barriers, containing liquids within desired channels. The resulting microfluidic system holds potential for portable, cost-effective drug detection and various sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Mishra
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sagar Navariya
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priyanshi Gupta
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Bhupendra Pratap Singh
- Liquid Crystal Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National United University, Miao-Li-360, Taiwan
| | - Samridhi Chopra
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Swapnil Shrivastava
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ved Varun Agrawal
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
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Zheng XT, Goh WP, Yu Y, Sutarlie L, Chen DY, Tan SCL, Jiang C, Zhao M, Ba T, Li H, Su X, Yang L. Skin-Attachable Ink-Dispenser-Printed Paper Fluidic Sensor Patch for Colorimetric Sweat Analysis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302173. [PMID: 37897264 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
In situ analysis of sweat biomarkers potentially provides noninvasive lifestyle monitoring and early diagnosis. Quantitative detection of sweat rate is crucial for thermoregulation and preventing heat injuries. Here, a skin-attachable paper fluidic patch is reported for in situ colorimetric sensing of multiple sweat markers (pH, glucose, lactate, and uric acid) with concurrent sweat rate tracking. Two sets of fluidic patterns-multiplexed detection zones and a longitudinal sweat rate channel-are directly printed by an automated ink dispenser from a specially developed ceramic-based ink. The ceramic ink thermal-cures into an impervious barrier, confining sweat within the channels. The ceramic-ink-printed boundary achieves higher pattern resolution, prevents fluid leakage, attains pattern thermal stability, and resistant to organic solvents. The cellulose matrix of the detection zones is modified with nanoparticles to improve the color homogeneity and sweat sensor sensitivity. The sweat rate channel is made moisture sensitive by incorporating a metal-salt-based dye. The change in saturation/color of the detection zones and/or channels upon sweat addition can be visually detected or quantified by a smartphone camera. A cost-effective way is provided to fabricate paper fluidic sensor patches, successfully demonstrating on-body multiplexed evaluation of sweat analytes. Such skin wearables offer on-site analysis, meaningful to an increasingly health-conscious population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ting Zheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Peng Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yong Yu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Laura Sutarlie
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Der Ying Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sherwin Chong Li Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Changyun Jiang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Meng Zhao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Te Ba
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Connexis #16-16, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hongying Li
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Connexis #16-16, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiaodi Su
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Le Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Republic of Singapore
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25
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Goncharov A, Joung HA, Ghosh R, Han GR, Ballard ZS, Maloney Q, Bell A, Aung CTZ, Garner OB, Carlo DD, Ozcan A. Deep Learning-Enabled Multiplexed Point-of-Care Sensor using a Paper-Based Fluorescence Vertical Flow Assay. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300617. [PMID: 37104829 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiplexed computational sensing with a point-of-care serodiagnosis assay to simultaneously quantify three biomarkers of acute cardiac injury is demonstrated. This point-of-care sensor includes a paper-based fluorescence vertical flow assay (fxVFA) processed by a low-cost mobile reader, which quantifies the target biomarkers through trained neural networks, all within <15 min of test time using 50 µL of serum sample per patient. This fxVFA platform is validated using human serum samples to quantify three cardiac biomarkers, i.e., myoglobin, creatine kinase-MB, and heart-type fatty acid binding protein, achieving less than 0.52 ng mL-1 limit-of-detection for all three biomarkers with minimal cross-reactivity. Biomarker concentration quantification using the fxVFA that is coupled to neural network-based inference is blindly tested using 46 individually activated cartridges, which shows a high correlation with the ground truth concentrations for all three biomarkers achieving >0.9 linearity and <15% coefficient of variation. The competitive performance of this multiplexed computational fxVFA along with its inexpensive paper-based design and handheld footprint makes it a promising point-of-care sensor platform that can expand access to diagnostics in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Goncharov
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hyou-Arm Joung
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rajesh Ghosh
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gyeo-Re Han
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zachary S Ballard
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Quinn Maloney
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alexandra Bell
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chew Tin Zar Aung
- Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Omai B Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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26
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Liang M, Zhang G, Song J, Tan M, Su W. Paper-Based Microfluidic Chips for Food Hazard Factor Detection: Fabrication, Modification, and Application. Foods 2023; 12:4107. [PMID: 38002165 PMCID: PMC10670051 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Food safety and quality are paramount concerns for ensuring the preservation of human life and well-being. As the field of food processing continues to advance, there is a growing interest in the development of fast, instant, cost-effective, and convenient methods for detecting food safety issues. In this context, the utilization of paper-based microfluidic chips has emerged as a promising platform for enabling rapid detection, owing to their compact size, high throughput capabilities, affordability, and low resource consumption, among other advantages. To shed light on this topic, this review article focuses on the functionalization of paper-based microfluidic surfaces and provides an overview of the latest research and applications to colorimetric analysis, fluorescence analysis, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, as well as their integration with paper-based microfluidic platforms for achieving swift and reliable food safety detection. Lastly, the article deliberates on the challenges these analytical methods and presents insights into their future development prospects in facilitating rapid food safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Liang
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Guozhi Zhang
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jie Song
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Wentao Su
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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27
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Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Ma Y, Fu Z. Paper-based analytical device integrated with bacteriophage tail fiber protein for bacteria detection and antimicrobial susceptibility test. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115629. [PMID: 37634422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Severe antimicrobial resistance calls for developing rapid, sensitive and affordable methodological platform for clinical diagnosis of bacterial infection. Herein, a paper-based analytical device (PAD) for fluorescent (FL) detection and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was fabricated by defining 96 hydrophilic microzones on a filter paper using a handheld stamp dipped with liquid wax. The size of microzones was designed to be consistent with traditional 96-well microplate, thus the FL signals can be collected by a commercialized microplate reader. Streptavidin was immobilized into the microzones by chitosan-glutaraldehyde crosslinking reaction, and then biotinylated bacteriophage tail fiber protein (TFP) was conjugated through biotin-streptavidin affinity system. TFP and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled antimicrobial peptide were used as capture agent and signal probe, respectively, for FL detection of P. aeruginosa on the PAD. The linear range for quantifying P. aeruginosa is 1.0 × 103 CFU/mL to 1.0 × 107 CFU/mL, with a detection limit of 137 CFU/mL. The PAD was also applied to conduct AST of P. aeruginosa for imipenem, meropenem, cefepime, amikacin, and gentamicin, and the results are consistent with the traditional broth dilution method. The PAD provides an affordable diagnosis platform for bacterial infection, especially in resource-limited institutes and countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Resource Insects, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhongjie Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuchan Ma
- The State Key Lab of Resource Insects, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- The State Key Lab of Resource Insects, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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28
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Li W, Ma X, Yong YC, Liu G, Yang Z. Review of paper-based microfluidic analytical devices for in-field testing of pathogens. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341614. [PMID: 37709421 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens cause various infectious diseases and high morbidity and mortality which is a global public health threat. The highly sensitive and specific detection is of significant importance for the effective treatment and intervention to minimise the impact. However, conventional detection methods including culture and molecular method gravely depend on expensive equipment and well-trained skilled personnel, limiting in the laboratory. It remains challenging to adapt in resource-limiting areas, e.g., low and middle-income countries (LMICs). To this end, low-cost, rapid, and sensitive detection tools with the capability of field testing e.g., a portable device for identification and quantification of pathogens, has attracted increasing attentions. Recently, paper-based microfluidic analytical devices (μPADs) have shown a promising tool for rapid and on-site diagnosis, providing a cost-effective and sensitive analytical approach for pathogens detection. The fast turn-round data collection may also contribute to better understanding of the risks and insights on mitigation method. In this paper, critical developments of μPADs for in-field detection of pathogens both for clinical diagnostics and environmental surveillance are reviewed. The future development, and challenges of μPADs for rapid and onsite detection of pathogens are discussed, including using the cross-disciplinary development with, emerging techniques such as deep learning and Internet of Things (IoT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Li
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Xuanye Ma
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Emergency Management & School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, Bedford, United Kingdom.
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29
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Choi J, Lee EH, Kang SM, Jeong HH. A Facile Method to Fabricate an Enclosed Paper-Based Analytical Device via Double-Sided Patterning for Ionic Contaminant Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:915. [PMID: 37887108 PMCID: PMC10605057 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have been developed for use in a variety of diagnosis and analysis fields. However, conventional μPADs with an open-channel system have limitations for application as analytical platforms mainly because of the evaporation and contamination of the sample solution. This study demonstrates the design and fabrication of an enclosed three-dimensional(3D)-μPAD and its application as a primary early analysis platform for ionic contaminants. To generate the hydrophobic PDMS barrier, double-sided patterning is carried out using a PDMS blade-coated stamp mold that is fabricated using 3D printing. The selective PDMS patterning can be achieved with controlled PDMS permeation of the cellulose substrate using 3D-designed stamp molds. We find the optimal conditions enabling the formation of enclosed channels, including round shape pattern and inter-pattern distance of 10 mm of stamp design, contact time of 0.5 min, and spacer height of 300 µm of double-sided patterning procedure. As a proof of concept, this enclosed 3D-μPAD is used for the simultaneous colorimetric detection of heavy metal ions in a concentration range of 0.1-2000 ppm, including nickel (Ni2+), copper (Cu2+), mercury (Hg2+), and radioactive isotope cesium-137 ions (Cs+). We confirm that qualitative analysis and image-based quantitative analysis with high reliability are possible through rapid color changes within 3 min. The limits of detection (LOD) for 0.55 ppm of Ni2+, 5.05 ppm of Cu2+, 0.188 ppm of Hg2+, and 0.016 ppm of Cs+ are observed, respectively. In addition, we confirm that the analysis is highly reliable in a wide range of ion concentrations with CV values below 3% for Ni2+ (0.56%), Cu2+ (0.45%), Hg2+ (1.35%), and Cs+ (2.18%). This method could be a promising technique to develop a 3D-μPAD with various applications as a primary early analysis device in the environmental and biological industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsol Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu 59626, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Ho Lee
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, 31 Sangmyungdae-gil, Cheonan 31066, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Min Kang
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, 31 Sangmyungdae-gil, Cheonan 31066, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea;
- Future Environment and Energy Research Institute, Sangmyung University, 31 Sangmyungdae-gil, Cheonan 31066, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Ho Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu 59626, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea;
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30
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Akbari Nakhjavani S, Tokyay BK, Soylemez C, Sarabi MR, Yetisen AK, Tasoglu S. Biosensors for prostate cancer detection. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:1248-1267. [PMID: 37147246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common tumors and a leading cause of mortality among men, resulting in ~375 000 deaths annually worldwide. Various analytical methods have been designed for quantitative and rapid detection of PC biomarkers. Electrochemical (EC), optical, and magnetic biosensors have been developed to detect tumor biomarkers in clinical and point-of-care (POC) settings. Although POC biosensors have shown potential for detection of PC biomarkers, some limitations, such as the sample preparation, should be considered. To tackle such shortcomings, new technologies have been utilized for development of more practical biosensors. Here, biosensing platforms for the detection of PC biomarkers such as immunosensors, aptasensors, genosensors, paper-based devices, microfluidic systems, and multiplex high-throughput platforms, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattar Akbari Nakhjavani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Begum K Tokyay
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cansu Soylemez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Misagh R Sarabi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey; Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany 70569
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany 70569; Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey.
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31
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Silva Pereira DO, Matos MM, Fonseca A. Development of an image-based fluorometer with smartphone control for paper analytical devices. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4954-4963. [PMID: 37724418 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the construction and evaluation of a fluorometer for use in paper analytical devices, using a smartphone to operate the instrument and to perform real-time image-based detection. In this approach, a circular PAD containing twenty analytical plates is rotated at 18° increments under a UV LED source, providing a sequential irradiation of plates and the detection of the luminescence with a lab-made application, capable of automatically identifying the analytical zones and collecting the RGB intensities from the selected pixels. As a proof of concept, the fluorometer performance was evaluated for the determination of quinine in beverages and riboflavin (B2 vitamin) in supplements. Quinine, which is less photoreactive, provided steady-state signals, while riboflavin, which rapidly degrades under UV photons, presented transient responses for RGB detection. For both analytes, linear calibration ranges (R2 > 0.99) were observed from 2.0 mg L-1 to 10.0 mg L-1 with limits of detection estimated at approximately 1.0 mg L-1. Nevertheless, it was demonstrated that successive additions of standard solutions to a single analytical plate of PAD could enhance the signal-to-noise ratios for less concentrated samples, acting as a pre-concentration step. In addition, suitable deviations for the signals (ca. 4.0%) and the absence of systematic errors for most samples (9 out of 11), when compared with a reference method at 95% confidence level, indicates that the proposed strategy is precise and accurate enough to be used as analytical tool for fluorescence detection in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dênis Omael Silva Pereira
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Química, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Mourão Matos
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Química, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Fonseca
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Química, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil.
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32
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Rahman MA, Pal RK, Islam N, Freeman R, Berthiaume F, Mazzeo A, Ashraf A. A Facile Graphene Conductive Polymer Paper Based Biosensor for Dopamine, TNF-α, and IL-6 Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8115. [PMID: 37836943 PMCID: PMC10575219 DOI: 10.3390/s23198115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based biosensors are a potential paradigm of sensitivity achieved via microporous spreading/microfluidics, simplicity, and affordability. In this paper, we develop decorated paper with graphene and conductive polymer (herein referred to as graphene conductive polymer paper-based sensor or GCPPS) for sensitive detection of biomolecules. Planetary mixing resulted in uniformly dispersed graphene and conductive polymer ink, which was applied to laser-cut Whatman filter paper substrates. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed strong attachment of conductive polymer-functionalized graphene to cellulose fibers. The GCPPS detected dopamine and cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the ranges of 12.5-400 µM, 0.005-50 ng/mL, and 2 pg/mL-2 µg/mL, respectively, using a minute sample volume of 2 µL. The electrodes showed lower detection limits (LODs) of 3.4 µM, 5.97 pg/mL, and 9.55 pg/mL for dopamine, TNF-α, and IL-6 respectively, which are promising for rapid and easy analysis for biomarkers detection. Additionally, these paper-based biosensors were highly selective (no serpin A1 detection with IL-6 antibody) and were able to detect IL-6 antigen in human serum with high sensitivity and hence, the portable, adaptable, point-of-care, quick, minute sample requirement offered by our fabricated biosensor is advantageous to healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashiqur Rahman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Ramendra Kishor Pal
- Hyderabad Campus, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India;
| | - Nazmul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Robert Freeman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Francois Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Aaron Mazzeo
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ali Ashraf
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
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Danchana K, Yamashita N, Umeda MI, Kaneta T. Separation and fractionation of glutamic acid and histidine via origami isoelectric focusing. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464247. [PMID: 37531850 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated the fractionation of two amino acids, glutamic acid and histidine, separated via isoelectric focusing (IEF) on filter paper folded and stacked in an origami fashion. Channels for electrophoresis were fabricated as circular zones acquired via wax printing onto the filter paper. An ampholyte solution with amphiphilic samples was deposited on all the circle zones, which was followed by folding to form the electrophoresis channels. IEF was achieved by applying an electrical potential between the anodic and cathodic chambers filled with phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions, respectively. A pH gradient was formed using either a wide-range ampholyte with a pH of 3 to 10 or a narrow-range version with a pH of 5 to 8, which was confirmed by adding pH indicators to each layer. The origami IEF was used to separate the amino acids, glutamic acid and histidine, by mixing with the ampholytes, which were deposited on the layers. The components in each layer were extracted with water and measured by high-performance liquid chromatography using pre-column derivatization with dansyl chloride. The results indicated that the focus for glutamic acid and that for histidine were at different layers, according to their isoelectric points. The origami isoelectric focusing achieved the fractionation of amino acids in less than 3 min using voltage as low as 30 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaewta Danchana
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Nayu Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Mika I Umeda
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Department of Materials Science, Yonago National College of Technology, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaneta
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Debnath S, Ghosh R, Pragti, Mukhopadhyay S, Baskaran KV, Chatterjee PB. Fabrication of a paper-based facile and low-cost microfluidic device and digital imaging technique for point-of-need monitoring of hypochlorite. Analyst 2023; 148:4072-4083. [PMID: 37486009 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00533j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-paper-based devices are promising alternatives to the existing arduous techniques for point-of-need monitoring. The present work reports an instant and facile method to produce a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD). The fabricated μPAD has been used to detect hypochlorite (OCl-) by incorporating newly synthesized chromo-fluorogenic ratiometric probes 1 and 2 into the sample reception zone. The probes showed high selectivity and fast response (<10 s) toward OCl- with an excellent linear relationship in the concentration range of 0-100 μM. The concentration-dependent fluorometric change driven by the reaction of 1@μPAD with OCl- has been monitored using gel-doc imaging systems, which is unprecedented. Digitizing the intensity of the colour solution with different mathematical models of colour has developed a straightforward method for monitoring OCl- without any interference from its competitors. 1@μPAD can detect OCl- at ∼10 times lower than the WHO recommended limit. The detection limit of 1@μPAD via a digital camera-based fluorescence technique was found to be better over digital camera-based cuvette assays. Therefore, 1@μPAD has been successfully utilized to monitor OCl- in actual environmental water samples with portability, ease of use, and sensitivity. The analytical RSD was found to be ≤3% based on fluorimetric detection using 1@μPAD. The chemodosimetric reaction between OCl- and the probe was evidenced by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and ESI-MS. The rapid response time, biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, 100% aqueous solubility, ratiometric feature, and exclusive OCl- selectivity over other competitive ROS/RNS successfully lead to the application of the probes for bioimaging of exogenous as well as endogenous OCl- in normal cells (HEK293) and cancerous cells (HeLa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehasish Debnath
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Riya Ghosh
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Pragti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Suman Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | | | - Pabitra B Chatterjee
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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Ibarra‐Chávez R, Reboud J, Penadés JR, Cooper JM. Phage-Inducible Chromosomal Islands as a Diagnostic Platform to Capture and Detect Bacterial Pathogens. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301643. [PMID: 37358000 PMCID: PMC10460865 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Phage-inducible chromosomal islands (PICIs) are a family of phage satellites that hijack phage components to facilitate their mobility and spread. Recently, these genetic constructs are repurposed as antibacterial drones, enabling a new toolbox for unorthodox applications in biotechnology. To illustrate a new suite of functions, the authors have developed a user-friendly diagnostic system, based upon PICI transduction to selectively enrich bacteria, allowing the detection and sequential recovery of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The system enables high transfer rates and sensitivities in comparison with phages, with detection down to ≈50 CFU mL-1 . In contrast to conventional detection strategies, which often rely on nucleic acid molecular assays, and cannot differentiate between dead and live organisms, this approach enables visual sensing of viable pathogens only, through the expression of a reporter gene encoded in the PICI. The approach extends diagnostic sensing mechanisms beyond cell-free synthetic biology strategies, enabling new synthetic biology/biosensing toolkits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ibarra‐Chávez
- Department of BiologySection of MicrobiologyUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 15, bldg. 1CopenhagenDK2100Denmark
- Institute of InfectionImmunity and InflammationCollege of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8TAUK
- Division of Biomedical EngineeringJames Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Julien Reboud
- Division of Biomedical EngineeringJames Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - José R. Penadés
- Institute of InfectionImmunity and InflammationCollege of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8TAUK
- Departamento de Ciencias BiomédicasUniversidad CEU Cardenal HerreraMoncada46113Spain
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance BiologyImperial College LondonSouth KensingtonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Jonathan M. Cooper
- Division of Biomedical EngineeringJames Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
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Celik C, Kalin G, Cetinkaya Z, Ildiz N, Ocsoy I. Recent Advances in Colorimetric Tests for the Detection of Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2427. [PMID: 37510171 PMCID: PMC10377832 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of infection-causing microorganisms with sensitive, rapid, selective and economical diagnostic tests is critical to start the right treatment. With these tests, the spread of infections can be prevented. In addition to that, the detection of antimicrobial resistance also makes a significant contribution to public health. In recent years, different types of diagnostic tests have been developed as alternatives to traditional diagnostic tests used in clinics. In particular, colorimetric tests, which minimize the need for an instrument, have advantages owing to their cost effectiveness, rapid response and naked-eye detection and practical use. In this review, we especially focused on pH indicators and nanomaterial-based colorimetric tests in detection of infection-causing microorganisms and antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagla Celik
- Pharmacy Services Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Hitit University, Corum 19000, Turkey
| | - Gamze Kalin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | | | - Nilay Ildiz
- Medical Imaging Department, Vocational School of Health Services, Bandırma Onyedi Eylul University, Bandirma 10200, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ocsoy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
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Cardoso BD, Castanheira EMS, Lanceros-Méndez S, Cardoso VF. Recent Advances on Cell Culture Platforms for In Vitro Drug Screening and Cell Therapies: From Conventional to Microfluidic Strategies. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202936. [PMID: 36898671 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The clinical translations of drugs and nanomedicines depend on coherent pharmaceutical research based on biologically accurate screening approaches. Since establishing the 2D in vitro cell culture method, the scientific community has improved cell-based drug screening assays and models. Those advances result in more informative biochemical assays and the development of 3D multicellular models to describe the biological complexity better and enhance the simulation of the in vivo microenvironment. Despite the overall dominance of conventional 2D and 3D cell macroscopic culture methods, they present physicochemical and operational challenges that impair the scale-up of drug screening by not allowing a high parallelization, multidrug combination, and high-throughput screening. Their combination and complementarity with microfluidic platforms enable the development of microfluidics-based cell culture platforms with unequivocal advantages in drug screening and cell therapies. Thus, this review presents an updated and consolidated view of cell culture miniaturization's physical, chemical, and operational considerations in the pharmaceutical research scenario. It clarifies advances in the field using gradient-based microfluidics, droplet-based microfluidics, printed-based microfluidics, digital-based microfluidics, SlipChip, and paper-based microfluidics. Finally, it presents a comparative analysis of the performance of cell-based methods in life research and development to achieve increased precision in the drug screening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz D Cardoso
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Elisabete M S Castanheira
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Vanessa F Cardoso
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Xu Z, Song C, Chen Z, Zeng C, Lv T, Wang L, Liu B. A portable paper-based testing device for fast and on-site determination of nitroxynil in food. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1260:341201. [PMID: 37121652 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxynil (NTX) is a common anthelmintic veterinary drug for the management of fascioliasis in food-producing sheep and cattle. Since excessive NTX residue in food can lead to several adverse side effects, such as allergic skin reaction and respiratory irritation, it is of great importance to develop an efficient analytical method for NTX determination. Herein, we report a simple fluorescent detection method based on a novel supramolecular probe capable of detecting NTX with a fast response (5 s), high sensitivity (107 nM), high selectivity, and acceptable anti-interference property. Moreover, the portable paper-based test strips were facilely prepared and successfully realized on-site determination of NTX in real edible animal products simply with the aid of a smartphone. To the best of our knowledge, this is the very first report on the portable detection of NTX. This study also provides a promising strategy for the fast and portable detection of analyte based on the host-guest system, which will lead to improved fluorescent probe design for food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Chao Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Zihao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Conghui Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Taoyuze Lv
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China.
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Pinheiro KMP, Guinati BGS, Moreira NS, Coltro WKT. Low-Cost Microfluidic Systems for Detection of Neglected Tropical Diseases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:117-138. [PMID: 37068747 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091522-024759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect tropical and subtropical countries and are caused by viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. These kinds of diseases spread quickly due to the tropical climate and limited access to clean water, sanitation, and health care, which make exposed people more vulnerable. NTDs are reported to be difficult and inefficient to diagnose. As mentioned, most NTDs occur in countries that are socially vulnerable, and the lack of resources and access to modern laboratories and equipment intensify the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment, leading to an increase in the mortality rate. Portable and low-cost microfluidic systems have been widely applied for clinical diagnosis, offering a promising alternative that can meet the needs for fast, affordable, and reliable diagnostic tests in developing countries. This review provides a critical overview of microfluidic devices that have been reported in the literature for the detection of the most common NTDs over the past 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikaele S Moreira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil;
| | - Wendell K T Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil;
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, Campinas, Brazil
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Jena S, Gaur D, Dubey NC, Tripathi BP. Advances in paper based isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests for water-related infectious diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125089. [PMID: 37245760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Water-associated or water-related infectious disease outbreaks are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, which can be transmitted through contaminated water sources, poor sanitation practices, or insect vectors. Low- and middle-income countries bear the major burden of these infections due to inadequate hygiene and subpar laboratory facilities, making it challenging to monitor and detect infections in a timely manner. However, even developed countries are not immune to these diseases, as inadequate wastewater management and contaminated drinking water supplies can also contribute to disease outbreaks. Nucleic acid amplification tests have proven to be effective for early disease intervention and surveillance of both new and existing diseases. In recent years, paper-based diagnostic devices have made significant progress and become an essential tool in detecting and managing water-associated diseases. In this review, we highlight the importance of paper and its variants as a diagnostic tool and discuss the properties, design modifications, and various paper-based device formats developed and used for detecting water-associated pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikrushna Jena
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Divya Gaur
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Nidhi C Dubey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Bijay P Tripathi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Ma T, Ren S, Wang Y, Yu H, Li L, Li X, Zhang L, Yu J, Zhang Y. Paper-based bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence sensors for point-of-care testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 235:115384. [PMID: 37244092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, point-of-care testing (POCT) technology has crossed the boundaries of laboratory determination and entered the stage of practical applications. Herein, the latest advances and principal issues in the design and fabrication of paper-based bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensors, which are widely used in the POCT field, are highlighted. After introducing the attractive physical and chemical properties of cellulose paper, various approaches aimed at enhancing the functions of the paper, and their underlying principles are described. The materials typically employed for fabricating paper-based BPE are also discussed in detail. Subsequently, the universal method of enhancing BPE-ECL signal and improving detection accuracy is put forward, and the ECL detector widely used is introduced. Furthermore, the application of paper-based BPE-ECL sensors in biomedical, food, environmental and other fields are displayed. Finally, future opportunities and the remaining challenges are analyzed. It is expected that more design concepts and working principles for paper-based BPE-ECL sensors will be developed in the near future, paving the way for the development and application of paper-based BPE-ECL sensors in the POCT field and providing certain guarantee for the development of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinglei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Suyue Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Haihan Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Luqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Jinghua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China; Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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Novel solid inks based on beeswax, graphite and graphene applied to the fabrication of paper-based sensor for galactose determination. Talanta 2023; 257:124372. [PMID: 36801559 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present for the first time a simple and novel method for the fabrication of paper-based electrochemical sensors. The device development was carried out in a single stage with a standard wax printer. Hydrophobic zones were delimited with commercial solid ink, while electrodes were generated using new composite solid inks of graphene oxide/graphite/beeswax (GO/GRA/beeswax) and graphite/beeswax (GRA/beeswax). Subsequently, the electrodes were electrochemically activated by applying an overpotential. Various experimental variables for the GO/GRA/beeswax composite synthesis and electrochemical system obtention were evaluated. The activation process was examined by SEM, FTIR, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and contact angle measurement. These studies showed morphological and chemical changes in the electrode active surface. As a result, the activation stage considerably improved the electron transfer on the electrode. The manufactured device was successfully applied for galactose (Gal) determination. This method presented a linear relation in the Gal concentration range from 84 to 1736 μmol L-1, with a LOD of 0.1 μmol L-1. The variation within and between-assay coefficients were 5.3% and 6.8%, respectively. The strategy here exposed for paper-based electrochemical sensors design is an unprecedented alternative system and represents a promising tool for mass production of economic analytical devices.
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Kumari S, Islam M, Gupta A. Paper-based multiplex biosensors for inexpensive healthcare diagnostics: a comprehensive review. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:17. [PMID: 37133791 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiplex detection is a smart and an emerging approach in point-of-care testing as it reduces analysis time and testing cost by detecting multiple analytes or biomarkers simultaneously which are crucial for disease detection at an early stage. Application of inexpensive substrate such as paper has immense potential and matter of research interest in the area of point of care testing for multiplexed analysis as it possesses several unique advantages. This study presents the use of paper, strategies adopted to refine the design created on paper and lateral flow strips to enhance the signal, increase the sensitivity and specificity of multiplexed biosensors. An overview of different multiplexed detection studies performed using biological samples has also been reviewed along with the challenges and advantages offered by multiplexed analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrishti Kumari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur 342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Monsur Islam
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur 342037, Rajasthan, India.
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Rodríguez CF, Andrade-Pérez V, Vargas MC, Mantilla-Orozco A, Osma JF, Reyes LH, Cruz JC. Breaking the clean room barrier: exploring low-cost alternatives for microfluidic devices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1176557. [PMID: 37180035 PMCID: PMC10172592 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1176557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics is an interdisciplinary field that encompasses both science and engineering, which aims to design and fabricate devices capable of manipulating extremely low volumes of fluids on a microscale level. The central objective of microfluidics is to provide high precision and accuracy while using minimal reagents and equipment. The benefits of this approach include greater control over experimental conditions, faster analysis, and improved experimental reproducibility. Microfluidic devices, also known as labs-on-a-chip (LOCs), have emerged as potential instruments for optimizing operations and decreasing costs in various of industries, including pharmaceutical, medical, food, and cosmetics. However, the high price of conventional prototypes for LOCs devices, generated in clean room facilities, has increased the demand for inexpensive alternatives. Polymers, paper, and hydrogels are some of the materials that can be utilized to create the inexpensive microfluidic devices covered in this article. In addition, we highlighted different manufacturing techniques, such as soft lithography, laser plotting, and 3D printing, that are suitable for creating LOCs. The selection of materials and fabrication techniques will depend on the specific requirements and applications of each individual LOC. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the numerous alternatives for the development of low-cost LOCs to service industries such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals, food, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Camila Vargas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Johann F. Osma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis H. Reyes
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Sakr AR, Georgiev NI, Bojinov VB. Design and Synthesis of a Novel ICT Bichromophoric pH Sensing System Based on 1,8-Naphthalimide Fluorophores as a Two-Input Logic Gate and Its Antibacterial Evaluation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083631. [PMID: 37110865 PMCID: PMC10145821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, sensor activity, and logic behavior of a novel 4-iminoamido-1,8-naphthalimide bichromophoric system based on a "fluorophore-receptor" architecture with ICT chemosensing properties is reported. The synthesized compound showed good colorimetric and fluorescence signaling properties as a function of pH and proved itself as a promising probe for the rapid detection of pH in an aqueous solution and base vapors in a solid state. The novel dyad is able to work as a two-input logic gate with chemical inputs H+ (Input 1) and HO- (Input 2) executing INHIBIT logic gate. The synthesized bichromophoric system and the corresponding intermediates demonstrated good antibacterial activity toward Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria when compared with the Gentamycin standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa R Sakr
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Nikolai I Georgiev
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vladimir B Bojinov
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1040 Sofia, Bulgaria
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46
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Duan S, Cai T, Zhu J, Yang X, Lim EG, Huang K, Hoettges K, Zhang Q, Fu H, Guo Q, Liu X, Yang Z, Song P. Deep learning-assisted ultra-accurate smartphone testing of paper-based colorimetric ELISA assays. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1248:340868. [PMID: 36813452 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Smartphone has long been considered as one excellent platform for disease screening and diagnosis, especially when combined with microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) that feature low cost, ease of use, and pump-free operations. In this paper, we report a deep learning-assisted smartphone platform for ultra-accurate testing of paper-based microfluidic colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). Different from existing smartphone-based μPAD platforms, whose sensing reliability is suffered from uncontrolled ambient lighting conditions, our platform is able to eliminate those random lighting influences for enhanced sensing accuracy. We first constructed a dataset that contains c-ELISA results (n = 2048) of rabbit IgG as the model target on μPADs under eight controlled lighting conditions. Those images are then used to train four different mainstream deep learning algorithms. By training with these images, the deep learning algorithms can well eliminate the influences of lighting conditions. Among them, the GoogLeNet algorithm gives the highest accuracy (>97%) in quantitative rabbit IgG concentration classification/prediction, which also provides 4% higher area under curve (AUC) value than that of the traditional curve fitting results analysis method. In addition, we fully automate the whole sensing process and achieve the "image in, answer out" to maximize the convenience of the smartphone. A simple and user-friendly smartphone application has been developed that controls the whole process. This newly developed platform further enhances the sensing performance of μPADs for use by laypersons in low-resource areas and can be facilely adapted to the real disease protein biomarkers detection by c-ELISA on μPADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixuan Duan
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Liverpool, Foundation Building, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Tianyu Cai
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China; Department of Mechatronic Engineering, Suzhou City University, 1188 Wuzhong Avenue, Suzhou, 215104, China
| | - Xi Yang
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Eng Gee Lim
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Kaizhu Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, 215316, China
| | - Kai Hoettges
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Liverpool, Foundation Building, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Quan Zhang
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Mindray Medical International Ltd., Mindray Building Keji 12th Road South, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, No.9 Chongwen Road, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Zuming Yang
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China.
| | - Pengfei Song
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Liverpool, Foundation Building, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK.
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47
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Asci Erkocyigit B, Ozufuklar O, Yardim A, Guler Celik E, Timur S. Biomarker Detection in Early Diagnosis of Cancer: Recent Achievements in Point-of-Care Devices Based on Paper Microfluidics. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:387. [PMID: 36979600 PMCID: PMC10046104 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is very crucial in lab-on-a-chip systems for carrying out operations in a large-scale laboratory environment on a single chip. Microfluidic systems are miniaturized devices in which the fluid behavior and control can be manipulated on a small platform, with surface forces on the platform being greater than volumetric forces depending on the test method used. In recent years, paper-based microfluidic analytical devices (μPADs) have been developed to be used in point-of-care (POC) technologies. μPADs have numerous advantages, including ease of use, low cost, capillary action liquid transfer without the need for power, the ability to store reagents in active form in the fiber network, and the capability to perform multiple tests using various measurement techniques. These benefits are critical in the advancement of paper-based microfluidics in the fields of disease diagnosis, drug application, and environment and food safety. Cancer is one of the most critical diseases for early detection all around the world. Detecting cancer-specific biomarkers provides significant data for both early diagnosis and controlling the disease progression. μPADs for cancer biomarker detection hold great promise for improving cure rates, quality of life, and minimizing treatment costs. Although various types of bioanalytical platforms are available for the detection of cancer biomarkers, there are limited studies and critical reviews on paper-based microfluidic platforms in the literature. Hence, this article aims to draw attention to these gaps in the literature as well as the features that future platforms should have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Asci Erkocyigit
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Ozge Ozufuklar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Yardim
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Natural Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Emine Guler Celik
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
- Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application, Research Center, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
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48
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Fernández-Ramos MD, Bolaños-Bañuelos M, Capitán-Vallvey LF. Point-of-care assay platform for uric acid, urea, and triglycerides with a microfluidic paper device (μPAD) controlled by stimulus-sensitive valves. Talanta 2023; 254:124189. [PMID: 36525868 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic biosensor paper-based analytical device, or μPAD, was developed as a point-of-care assay platform for the simultaneous determination of three clinically important markers: uric acid, urea, and triglycerides. To achieve a simultaneous determination, thermosensitive valves based on N-isopropylacrylamide polymers controlled the flow of fluid in the μPAD. The evaluation of the analytical characteristics of the μPAD was done using a photographic camera at room temperature. The detection limits were 4.5·10-5, 2.5·10-3, and 1.5·10-3 mg mL-1, for uric acid, urea, and triglycerides, respectively, and the precision expressed as relative standard deviation (% RSD) 3.2, 1.2, and 1.6%. The obtained μPAD devices were validated with real human plasma samples, demonstrating high accuracy and precision. Multiple analyte point-of-care tests such as those developed here have excellent characteristics, being easy to manufacture, cost-effective, easy to use, and highly sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Fernández-Ramos
- ECsens. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain; Unit of Excellence in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment of the University of Granada, Spain.
| | - M Bolaños-Bañuelos
- ECsens. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - L F Capitán-Vallvey
- ECsens. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain; Unit of Excellence in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment of the University of Granada, Spain
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49
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Mazzaracchio V, Bagheri N, Chiara F, Fiore L, Moscone D, Roggero S, Arduini F. A smart paper-based electrochemical sensor for reliable detection of iron ions in serum. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1149-1157. [PMID: 36700985 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The fast-growing healthcare demand for user-friendly and affordable analytical tools is driving the efforts to develop reliable platforms for the customization of therapy based on individual health conditions. In this overall scenario, we developed a paper-based electrochemical sensor for the quantification of iron ions in serum as a cost-effective sensing tool for the correct supplement administration. In detail, the working electrode of the screen-printed device has been modified with a nanocomposite constituted of carbon black and gold nanoparticles with a drop-casting procedure. Square wave voltammetry has been adopted as an electrochemical technique. This sensor was further modified with Nafion for iron quantification in serum after sample treatment with trifluoroacetic acid. Under optimized conditions, iron ions have been detected with a LOD down to 0.05 mg/L and a linearity up to 10 mg/L in standard solution. The obtained results have been compared with reference methods namely commercial colorimetric assay and atomic absorption spectroscopy, obtaining a good correlation within the experimental errors. These results demonstrated the suitability of the developed paper-based sensor for future applications in precision medicine of iron-deficiency diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mazzaracchio
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy.
| | - Neda Bagheri
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, "Franco Ghezzo", Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043, Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Luca Fiore
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Danila Moscone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Simona Roggero
- Fidelio Medical srl, Corso Re Umberto 8, Torino, 10121, Italy
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy. .,SENSE4MED srl,, via Bitonto 139, Rome, 00133, Italy.
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50
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Mazur F, Tjandra AD, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Chandrawati R. Paper-based sensors for bacteria detection. NATURE REVIEWS BIOENGINEERING 2023; 1:180-192. [PMID: 36937095 PMCID: PMC9926459 DOI: 10.1038/s44222-023-00024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The detection of pathogenic bacteria is essential to prevent and treat infections and to provide food security. Current gold-standard detection techniques, such as culture-based assays and polymerase chain reaction, are time-consuming and require centralized laboratories. Therefore, efforts have focused on developing point-of-care devices that are fast, cheap, portable and do not require specialized training. Paper-based analytical devices meet these criteria and are particularly suitable to deployment in low-resource settings. In this Review, we highlight paper-based analytical devices with substantial point-of-care applicability for bacteria detection and discuss challenges and opportunities for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Mazur
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Angie Davina Tjandra
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Yingzhu Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Rona Chandrawati
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
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