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Lee LCC, Lo KKW. Shining New Light on Biological Systems: Luminescent Transition Metal Complexes for Bioimaging and Biosensing Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8825-9014. [PMID: 39052606 PMCID: PMC11328004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Luminescence imaging is a powerful and versatile technique for investigating cell physiology and pathology in living systems, making significant contributions to life science research and clinical diagnosis. In recent years, luminescent transition metal complexes have gained significant attention for diagnostic and therapeutic applications due to their unique photophysical and photochemical properties. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent development of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, with a focus on transition metal centers with a d6, d8, and d10 electronic configuration. We elucidate the structure-property relationships of luminescent transition metal complexes, exploring how their structural characteristics can be manipulated to control their biological behavior such as cellular uptake, localization, biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution. Furthermore, we introduce the various design strategies that leverage the interesting photophysical properties of luminescent transition metal complexes for a wide variety of biological applications, including autofluorescence-free imaging, multimodal imaging, organelle imaging, biological sensing, microenvironment monitoring, bioorthogonal labeling, bacterial imaging, and cell viability assessment. Finally, we provide insights into the challenges and perspectives of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, as well as their use in disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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2
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Yoshihara T, Tamura T, Shiozaki S, Chou LC, Kakuchi R, Rokudai S. Confocal microscopic oxygen imaging of xenograft tumors using Ir(III) complexes as in vivo intravascular and intracellular probes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18443. [PMID: 39117886 PMCID: PMC11310526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important feature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of most solid tumors, and it is closely linked to cancer cell proliferation, therapy resistance, and the tumor immune response. Herein, we describe a method for hypoxia-induced heterogeneous oxygen distribution in xenograft tumors based on phosphorescence imaging microscopy (PLIM) using intravascular and intracellular oxygen probes. We synthesized Ir(III) complexes with polyethylene glycol (PEG) units of different molecular weights into the ligand as intravascular oxygen probes, BTP-PEGm (m = 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000). BTP-PEGm showed red emission with relatively high emission quantum yield and high oxygen sensitivity in saline. Cellular and in vivo experiments using these complexes revealed that BTP-PEG10000 was the most suitable probe in terms of blood retention and ease of intravenous administration in mice. PLIM measurements of xenograft tumors in mice treated with BTP-PEG10000 allowed simultaneous imaging of the tumor microvasculature and quantification of oxygen partial pressures. From lifetime images using the red-emitting intracellular oxygen probe BTPDM1 and the green-emitting intravascular fluorescent probe FITC-dextran, we demonstrated hypoxic heterogeneity in the TME with a sparse vascular network and showed that the oxygen levels of tumor cells gradually decreased with vascular distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitada Yoshihara
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-Cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Takuto Tamura
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-Cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shiozaki
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-Cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Li-Chieh Chou
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-Cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kakuchi
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-Cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Susumu Rokudai
- Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
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3
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Shirmanova MV, Lukina MM, Sirotkina MA, Shimolina LE, Dudenkova VV, Ignatova NI, Tobita S, Shcheslavskiy VI, Zagaynova EV. Effects of Photodynamic Therapy on Tumor Metabolism and Oxygenation Revealed by Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1703. [PMID: 38338976 PMCID: PMC10855179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This work was aimed at the complex analysis of the metabolic and oxygen statuses of tumors in vivo after photodynamic therapy (PDT). Studies were conducted on mouse tumor model using two types of photosensitizers-chlorin e6-based drug Photoditazine predominantly targeted to the vasculature and genetically encoded photosensitizer KillerRed targeted to the chromatin. Metabolism of tumor cells was assessed by the fluorescence lifetime of the metabolic redox-cofactor NAD(P)H, using fluorescence lifetime imaging. Oxygen content was assessed using phosphorescence lifetime macro-imaging with an oxygen-sensitive probe. For visualization of the perfused microvasculature, an optical coherence tomography-based angiography was used. It was found that PDT induces different alterations in cellular metabolism, depending on the degree of oxygen depletion. Moderate decrease in oxygen in the case of KillerRed was accompanied by an increase in the fraction of free NAD(P)H, an indicator of glycolytic switch, early after the treatment. Severe hypoxia after PDT with Photoditazine resulted from a vascular shutdown yielded in a persistent increase in protein-bound (mitochondrial) fraction of NAD(P)H. These findings improve our understanding of physiological mechanisms of PDT in cellular and vascular modes and can be useful to develop new approaches to monitoring its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. Shirmanova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria M. Lukina
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina A. Sirotkina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Liubov E. Shimolina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Varvara V. Dudenkova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Nadezhda I. Ignatova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Seiji Tobita
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan
| | - Vladislav I. Shcheslavskiy
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena V. Zagaynova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Yoshihara T. [Imaging of In Vivo Oxygen Tension Based on Phosphorescence Lifetime Microscopy]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2024; 144:275-283. [PMID: 38432937 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen plays essential roles in aerobic organisms as a terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain in mitochondria. The intracellular oxygen concentration of the entire body is strictly regulated by a balance between the supply of oxygen from blood vessels and the consumption of oxygen in mitochondria. The disruption of oxygen homeostasis in the body often results in serious pathologies such as cancer, cerebral infarction, and chronic kidney disease, and thus considerable effort has been devoted to the development of suitable techniques allowing the qualitative and quantitative detection of tissue oxygen levels. This review focuses on recent advances in the visualization of oxygen levels in tissue based on phosphorescence lifetime measurements using exogenously small molecular oxygen probes. Specially, I introduce the principle of oxygen sensing by means of phosphorescence quenching, recent advances in intracellular and intravascular oxygen probes based on iridium(III) complexes, a system for measuring phosphorescence lifetime combined with confocal scanning microscopy, and the applications of these technologies to in vivo oxygen measurements, emphasizing the usefulness of iridium(III) complexes as biological oxygen probes.
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Komarova AD, Shcheslavskiy VI, Plekhanov AA, Sirotkina MA, Bochkarev LN, Shirmanova MV. Oxygen Assessment in Tumors In Vivo Using Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2755:91-105. [PMID: 38319571 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3633-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The oxygen level in a tumor is a crucial factor for its development and response to therapies. Phosphorescence lifetime imaging (PLIM) with the use of phosphorescent oxygen probes is a highly sensitive, noninvasive optical technique for the assessment of molecular oxygen in living cells and tissues. Here, we present a protocol for microscopic mapping of oxygen distribution in a mouse tumor model in vivo. We demonstrate that PLIM microscopy, in combination with an Ir(III)-based probe, enables visualization of cellular-level heterogeneity of tumor oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia D Komarova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vladislav I Shcheslavskiy
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
- Becker&Hickl GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anton A Plekhanov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Marina A Sirotkina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Leonid N Bochkarev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Metallo-organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Marina V Shirmanova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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6
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Uchiyama Y, Yamagishi S, Yamaura T, Kanazawa K, Maruyama H. In Vivo Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia by Maintaining Green Fluorescence of 9-Aminoanthracene Under Hypoxic Conditions. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 91:117407. [PMID: 37421710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 9-aminoanthracene (9AA) was used as a new fluorescence reagent for the in vivo imaging of tumor hypoxia by taking advantage of the maintenance of its green fluorescence under hypoxic conditions. As 9AA is insoluble in water, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-400 was used to dissolve 9AA in saline. Each organ was successfully stained with 9AA, as observed by green fluorescence using in vivo imaging, following intragastric administration of a 9AA PEG-saline solution in mice. Therefore, the intragastric administration of 9AA can be used for in vivo imaging of normal mice. Tumor hypoxia staining using the 9AA fluorescence method was evaluated by in vivo imaging of mice subcutaneously transplanted with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and compared with conventional pimonidazole (PIMO) staining under hypoxic conditions. The tumor sections were stained with green fluorescence derived from 9AA and the same sections corresponded to hypoxic areas upon immunohistochemical staining with PIMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Uchiyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Shotaro Yamagishi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamaura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Kanazawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Hiroko Maruyama
- Department of Cytopathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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7
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Kanbe A, Yokoi K, Yamada Y, Tsurui M, Kitagawa Y, Hasegawa Y, Ogata D, Yuasa J, Aoki S. Optical Resolution of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives of Homoleptic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes via Diastereomers Formed with Chiral Auxiliaries. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:11325-11341. [PMID: 37432912 PMCID: PMC10369494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
We report on a facile method for the optical resolution of cyclometalated iridium(III) (Ir(III)) complexes via diastereomers formed with chiral auxiliaries. The racemic carboxylic acids of Ir(III) complexes (fac-4 (fac-Ir(ppyCO2H)3 (ppy: 2-phenylpyridine)), fac-6 (fac-Ir(tpyCO2H)3 (tpy: 2-(4'-tolyl)pyridine)), and fac-13 (fac-Ir(mpiqCO2H)3 (mpiq: 1-(4'-methylphenyl)isoquinoline))) were converted into the diastereomers, Δ- and Λ-forms of fac-9 (from fac-6), fac-10 (from fac-4), fac-11 (from fac-6), and fac-14 (from fac-13), respectively, by the condensation with (1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane or (1R,2R)-2-aminocyclohexanol. The resulting diastereomers were separated by HPLC (with a nonchiral column) or silica gel column chromatography, and their absolute stereochemistry was determined by X-ray single-crystal structure analysis and CD (circular dichroism) spectra. Spectra of all diastereomers of the Ir(III) complexes are reported. Hydrolysis of the ester moieties of Δ- and Λ-forms of fac-10, fac-11, and fac-14 gave both enantiomers of the corresponding carboxylic acid derivatives in the optically pure forms, Δ-fac and Λ-fac-4, -6, and -13, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kanbe
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kenta Yokoi
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamada
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Research
Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST,
PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsurui
- Graduate
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitagawa
- Faculty of
Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Hasegawa
- Faculty of
Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Daiji Ogata
- Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Research
Institute for Biomedical Science (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Yu L, Peng Y, Jiang L, Qiu L. Sequential Diagnosis and Treatment for Colon Cancer via Derived Iridium and Indocyanine Green Hybrid Nanomicelles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37437265 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Indocyanine green (ICG) has been widely explored for the theranostics of tumors. However, ICG mainly accumulates in the liver, spleen, or kidney in addition to in tumors, causing inaccurate diagnoses and impaired therapeutic effects under NIR irradiation. Herein, a hybrid nanomicelle was constructed by integrating hypoxia-sensitive iridium(III) and ICG for precise tumor localization and photothermal therapy in sequence. In this nanomicelle, the amphiphilic iridium(III) complex (BTPH)2Ir(SA-PEG) was synthesized through the coordination substitution of hydrophobic (BTPH)2IrCl2 and hydrophilic PEGlyated succinylacetone (SA-PEG). Meanwhile, PEGlyated ICG (ICG-PEG) as a derivative of the photosensitizer ICG was also synthesized. (BTPH)2Ir(SA-PEG) and ICG-PEG were coassembled by dialysis to form the hybrid nanomicelle M-Ir-ICG. Hypoxia-sensitive fluorescence, ROS generation, and the photothermal effect of M-Ir-ICG were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The experimental results indicated that M-Ir-ICG nanomicelles could locate at the tumor site first and then perform photothermal therapy with 83.90% TIR, demonstrating great potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yu
- Ministry of Educational (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Ministry of Educational (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Linping Jiang
- Ministry of Educational (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liyan Qiu
- Ministry of Educational (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Samandarsangari M, Kozina DO, Sokolov VV, Komarova AD, Shirmanova MV, Kritchenkov IS, Tunik SP. Biocompatible Phosphorescent O 2 Sensors Based on Ir(III) Complexes for In Vivo Hypoxia Imaging. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:680. [PMID: 37504079 PMCID: PMC10377268 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we obtained three new phosphorescent iridium complexes (Ir1-Ir3) of general stoichiometry [Ir(N^C)2(N^N)]Cl decorated with oligo(ethylene glycol) fragments to make them water-soluble and biocompatible, as well as to protect them from aggregation with biomolecules such as albumin. The major photophysical characteristics of these phosphorescent complexes are determined by the nature of two cyclometallating ligands (N^C) based on 2-pyridine-benzothiophene, since quantum chemical calculations revealed that the electronic transitions responsible for the excitation and emission are localized mainly at these fragments. However, the use of various diimine ligands (N^N) proved to affect the quantum yield of phosphorescence and allowed for changing the complexes' sensitivity to oxygen, due to the variations in the steric accessibility of the chromophore center for O2 molecules. It was also found that the N^N ligands made it possible to tune the biocompatibility of the resulting compounds. The wavelengths of the Ir1-Ir3 emission maxima fell in the range of 630-650 nm, the quantum yields reached 17% (Ir1) in a deaerated solution, and sensitivity to molecular oxygen, estimated as the ratio of emission lifetime in deaerated and aerated water solutions, displayed the highest value, 8.2, for Ir1. The obtained complexes featured low toxicity, good water solubility and the absence of a significant effect of biological environment components on the parameters of their emission. Of the studied compounds, Ir1 and Ir2 were chosen for in vitro and in vivo biological experiments to estimate oxygen concentration in cell lines and tumors. These sensors have demonstrated their effectiveness for mapping the distribution of oxygen and for monitoring hypoxia in the biological objects studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Samandarsangari
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 7-9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria O Kozina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 7-9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victor V Sokolov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 7-9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia D Komarova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Av., 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Marina V Shirmanova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ilya S Kritchenkov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 7-9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey P Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 7-9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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10
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Hendi Z, Kozina DO, Porsev VV, Kisel KS, Shakirova JR, Tunik SP. Investigation of the N^C Ligand Effects on Emission Characteristics in a Series of Bis-Metalated [Ir(N^C)2(N^N)]+ Complexes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062740. [PMID: 36985710 PMCID: PMC10054739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of bis-metalated phosphorescent [(N^C)2Ir(bipyridine)]+ complexes with systematic variations in the structure and electronic characteristics of the N^C ligands were synthesized and characterized by using elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Investigation of the complexes’ spectroscopic properties together with DFT and TD DFT calculations revealed that metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and intraligand (LC) transition play key roles in the generation of emissive triplet states. According to the results of theoretical studies, the 3LC excited state is more accurate to consider as an intraligand charge transfer process (ILCT) between N- and C-coordinated moieties of the N^C chelate. This hypothesis is completely in line with the trends observed in the experimental absorption and emission spectra, which display systematic bathochromic shifts upon insertion of electron-withdrawing substituents into the N-coordinated fragment. An analogous shift is induced by expansion of the aromatic system of the C-coordinated fragment and insertion of polarizable sulfur atoms into the aromatic rings. These experimental and theoretical findings extend the knowledge of the nature of photophysical processes in complexes of this type and provide useful instruments for fine-tuning of their emissive characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Hendi
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 11155-3516, Iran
| | - Daria O. Kozina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vitaly V. Porsev
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kristina S. Kisel
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia R. Shakirova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (J.R.S.); (S.P.T.)
| | - Sergey P. Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (J.R.S.); (S.P.T.)
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11
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Purevsuren K, Shiozaki S, Mizukami K, Tobita S, Yoshihara T. In Vivo Imaging of Lipid Droplets and Oxygen Status in Hepatic Tissues of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Model Mice Using a Lipophilic Ir(III) Complex. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3729-3735. [PMID: 36759196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming common worldwide. In pathophysiological studies of NAFLD, an in vivo optical probe that enables visualization of lipid droplets (LDs) and imaging of oxygen status in hepatic tissues simultaneously would be very useful. Here, we present the phosphorescent Ir(III) complex BTP ((btp)2Ir(acac) (btp = benzothienylpyridine, acac = acetylacetone)) as the first probe that meets this requirement. BTP was efficiently taken up into cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes and selectively accumulated into LDs. Quantifying oxygen levels in LDs based on the phosphorescence lifetime of BTP allowed us to track changes in cellular oxygen tension after treatment with metabolic stimulants. Phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy combined with intravenously administered BTP in mice enabled specific visualization of LDs in hepatic lobules and simultaneous imaging of the oxygen gradient that decreased from the portal vein (PV) to the central vein (CV). NAFL model mice were created by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) to mice for 3 or 7 days. The mice fed an HFD showed a marked increase in the amount and size of LDs in hepatocytes compared with those fed a normal diet, leading to abnormal microvascular structures. In addition, HFD-fed mice also exhibited reduced oxygen tension in areas other than the CV. Multicolor imaging with the LD-accumulated oxygen probe BTP and vasculature-staining FITC-lectin suggested that structural distortions of the sinusoidal microvasculature caused by enlarged LDs were associated with partial hypoxia in NAFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khulan Purevsuren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shiozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kiichi Mizukami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Seiji Tobita
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Toshitada Yoshihara
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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12
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Yu H, Yu B, Song Y, Hai P. Recent advances of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes for optical oxygen sensing. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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13
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Parshina YP, Kovylina TA, Konev AN, Belikov AA, Baber PO, Komarova AD, Romaeva EA, Bochkarev LN. Norbornene-Substituted Cationic Iridium(III) Complex and Water-Soluble Luminescent Polymers Based on It: Synthesis, Photophysical and Cytotoxic Properties. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222120167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A norbornene-substituted cationic iridium(III) complex containing 1-phenylisoquinoline cyclometalating ligands and an additional phenylimidazophenanthroline ligand was synthesized. On the base of this complex, water-soluble polymers were obtained by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The resulting polymers showed oxygen-dependent phosphorescence in the orange spectral region and high cytotoxicity against HCT116 cancer cells.
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14
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Simultaneous Probing of Metabolism and Oxygenation of Tumors In Vivo Using FLIM of NAD(P)H and PLIM of a New Polymeric Ir(III) Oxygen Sensor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810263. [PMID: 36142177 PMCID: PMC9499414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells are well adapted to grow in conditions of variable oxygen supply and hypoxia by switching between different metabolic pathways. However, the regulatory effect of oxygen on metabolism and its contribution to the metabolic heterogeneity of tumors have not been fully explored. In this study, we develop a methodology for the simultaneous analysis of cellular metabolic status, using the fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of metabolic cofactor NAD(P)H, and oxygen level, using the phosphorescence lifetime imaging (PLIM) of a new polymeric Ir(III)-based sensor (PIr3) in tumors in vivo. The sensor, derived from a polynorbornene and cyclometalated iridium(III) complex, exhibits the oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence with a 40% longer lifetime in degassed compared to aerated solutions. In vitro, hypoxia resulted in a correlative increase in PIr3 phosphorescence lifetime and free (glycolytic) NAD(P)H fraction in cells. In vivo, mouse tumors demonstrated a high degree of cellular-level heterogeneity of both metabolic and oxygen states, and a lower dependence of metabolism on oxygen than cells in vitro. The small tumors were hypoxic, while the advanced tumors contained areas of normoxia and hypoxia, which was consistent with the pimonidazole assay and angiographic imaging. Dual FLIM/PLIM metabolic/oxygen imaging will be valuable in preclinical investigations into the effects of hypoxia on metabolic aspects of tumor progression and treatment response.
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15
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Narazaki A, Shimizu R, Yoshihara T, Kikuta J, Sakaguchi R, Tobita S, Mori Y, Ishii M, Nishikawa K. Determination of the physiological range of oxygen tension in bone marrow monocytes using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3497. [PMID: 35273210 PMCID: PMC8913795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is a key regulator of both development and homeostasis. To study the role of oxygen, a variety of in vitro and ex vivo cell and tissue models have been used in biomedical research. However, because of ambiguity surrounding the level of oxygen that cells experience in vivo, the cellular pathway related to oxygenation state and hypoxia have been inadequately studied in many of these models. Here, we devised a method to determine the oxygen tension in bone marrow monocytes using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy with the cell-penetrating phosphorescent probe, BTPDM1. Phosphorescence lifetime imaging revealed the physiological level of oxygen tension in monocytes to be 5.3% in live mice exposed to normal air. When the mice inhaled hypoxic air, the level of oxygen tension in bone marrow monocytes decreased to 2.4%. By performing in vitro cell culture experiment within the physiological range of oxygen tension, hypoxia changed the molecular phenotype of monocytes, leading to enhanced the expression of CD169 and CD206, which are markers of a unique subset of macrophages in bone marrow, osteal macrophages. This current study enables the determination of the physiological range of oxygen tension in bone marrow with spatial resolution at a cellular level and application of this information on oxygen tension in vivo to in vitro assays. Quantifying oxygen tension in tissues can provide invaluable information on metabolism under physiological and pathophyisological conditions. This method will open new avenues for research on oxygen biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Narazaki
- Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Reito Shimizu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Metabolic Biochemistry, Department of Medical Life Systems, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Tatara Miyakodani 1-3, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Toshitada Yoshihara
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Reiko Sakaguchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.,WPI-Research Initiative-Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Tobita
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.,WPI-Research Initiative-Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keizo Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Laboratory of Cell Biology and Metabolic Biochemistry, Department of Medical Life Systems, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Tatara Miyakodani 1-3, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan. .,Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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16
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Yoshihara T, Matsumura N, Tamura T, Shiozaki S, Tobita S. Intracellular and Intravascular Oxygen Sensing of Pancreatic Tissues Based on Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Using Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Iridium(III) Complexes. ACS Sens 2022; 7:545-554. [PMID: 35113520 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous imaging of intracellular and blood oxygen levels in tissues provides valuable information on the dynamic behavior of molecular oxygen (O2) in normal and diseased tissues. Here, to achieve this goal, we developed green-emitting intracellular O2 probes based on the Ir(III) complex, PPY (tris(2-phenylpyridinato)iridium(III)), and investigated the possibility of multicolor O2 imaging by co-staining tissues with a red-emitting intravascular probe BTP-PEG48. The newly synthesized complexes possess modified 2-phenylpyridinato ligand(s) with a cationic or hydrophilic substituent, such as a dimethylamino group, triphenylphosphonium cation, or hydroxy group, in order to enhance cellular uptake efficiency. The photophysical and cellular properties of these complexes were systematically investigated to evaluate their ability as O2 probes. Among these complexes, PPYDM and PPY2OH, which have a dimethylamino group and two hydroxy groups, respectively, exhibited much higher cellular uptake efficiencies compared with PPY and showed high O2 sensitivity in HeLa cells. Phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM) measurements of HeLa cells co-stained with PPYDM and hydrophilic BTP-PEG48 allowed for the evaluation of intracellular and extracellular O2 levels in cell culture. We took PLIM images of the pancreas following intravenous administration of PPYDM and BTP-PEG48 into anesthetized mice. The PLIM measurements using these probes allowed simultaneous O2 imaging of acinar cells and capillaries in the pancreas with cellular-level resolution. From the phosphorescence lifetimes of PPYDM and BTP-PEG48 and the calibration curves evaluated in rat pancreatic acinar cells and blood plasma, we found that the average oxygen partial pressures of acinar cells and capillaries were almost equal at about 30 mmHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitada Yoshihara
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Nao Matsumura
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Takuto Tamura
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shiozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Seiji Tobita
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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17
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Mizukami K, Muraoka T, Shiozaki S, Tobita S, Yoshihara T. Near-Infrared Emitting Ir(III) Complexes Bearing a Dipyrromethene Ligand for Oxygen Imaging of Deeper Tissues In Vivo. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2794-2802. [PMID: 35109653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM) using a phosphorescent oxygen probe is an innovative technique for elucidating the behavior of oxygen in living tissues. In this study, we designed and synthesized an Ir(III) complex, PPYDM-BBMD, that exhibits long-lived phosphorescence in the near-infrared region and enables in vivo oxygen imaging in deeper tissues. PPYDM-BBMD has a π-extended ligand based on a meso-mesityl dipyrromethene structure and phenylpyridine ligands with cationic dimethylamino groups to promote intracellular uptake. This complex gave a phosphorescence spectrum with a maximum at 773 nm in the wavelength range of the so-called biological window and exhibited an exceptionally long lifetime (18.5 μs in degassed acetonitrile), allowing for excellent oxygen sensitivity even in the near-infrared window. PPYDM-BBMD showed a high intracellular uptake in cultured cells and mainly accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum. We evaluated the oxygen sensitivity of PPYDM-BBMD phosphorescence in alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells based on the Stern-Volmer analysis, which gave an O2-induced quenching rate constant of 1.42 × 103 mmHg-1 s-1. PPYDM-BBMD was administered in the tail veins of anesthetized mice, and confocal one-photon PLIM images of hepatic tissues were measured at different depths from the liver surfaces. The PLIM images visualized the oxygen gradients in hepatic lobules up to a depth of about 100 μm from the liver surfaces with a cellular-level resolution, allowing for the quantification of oxygen partial pressure based on calibration results using AML12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichi Mizukami
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takako Muraoka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shiozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan
| | - Seiji Tobita
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshitada Yoshihara
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan
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18
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Lee LCC, Lo KKW. Strategic design of photofunctional transition metal complexes for cancer diagnosis and therapy. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex-Cationic Peptide Hybrids Trigger Paraptosis in Cancer Cells via an Intracellular Ca 2+ Overload from the Endoplasmic Reticulum and a Decrease in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26227028. [PMID: 34834120 PMCID: PMC8623854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous paper, we reported that amphiphilic Ir complex–peptide hybrids (IPHs) containing basic peptides such as KK(K)GG (K: lysine, G: glycine) (e.g., ASb-2) exhibited potent anticancer activity against Jurkat cells, with the dead cells showing a strong green emission. Our initial mechanistic studies of this cell death suggest that IPHs would bind to the calcium (Ca2+)–calmodulin (CaM) complex and induce an overload of intracellular Ca2+, resulting in the induction of non-apoptotic programmed cell death. In this work, we conduct a detailed mechanistic study of cell death induced by ASb-2, a typical example of IPHs, and describe how ASb-2 induces paraptotic programmed cell death in a manner similar to that of celastrol, a naturally occurring triterpenoid that is known to function as a paraptosis inducer in cancer cells. It is suggested that ASb-2 (50 µM) induces ER stress and decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), thus triggering intracellular signaling pathways and resulting in cytoplasmic vacuolization in Jurkat cells (which is a typical phenomenon of paraptosis), while the change in ΔΨm values is negligibly induced by celastrol and curcumin. Other experimental data imply that both ASb-2 and celastrol induce paraptotic cell death in Jurkat cells, but this induction occurs via different signaling pathways.
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20
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Nishikawa K, Seno S, Yoshihara T, Narazaki A, Sugiura Y, Shimizu R, Kikuta J, Sakaguchi R, Suzuki N, Takeda N, Semba H, Yamamoto M, Okuzaki D, Motooka D, Kobayashi Y, Suematsu M, Koseki H, Matsuda H, Yamamoto M, Tobita S, Mori Y, Ishii M. Osteoclasts adapt to physioxia perturbation through DNA demethylation. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e53035. [PMID: 34661337 PMCID: PMC8647016 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen plays an important role in diverse biological processes. However, since quantitation of the partial pressure of cellular oxygen in vivo is challenging, the extent of oxygen perturbation in situ and its cellular response remains underexplored. Using two‐photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, we determine the physiological range of oxygen tension in osteoclasts of live mice. We find that oxygen tension ranges from 17.4 to 36.4 mmHg, under hypoxic and normoxic conditions, respectively. Physiological normoxia thus corresponds to 5% and hypoxia to 2% oxygen in osteoclasts. Hypoxia in this range severely limits osteoclastogenesis, independent of energy metabolism and hypoxia‐inducible factor activity. We observe that hypoxia decreases ten‐eleven translocation (TET) activity. Tet2/3 cooperatively induces Prdm1 expression via oxygen‐dependent DNA demethylation, which in turn activates NFATc1 required for osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, our results reveal that TET enzymes, acting as functional oxygen sensors, regulate osteoclastogenesis within the physiological range of oxygen tension, thus opening new avenues for research on in vivo response to oxygen perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Nishikawa
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Metabolic Biochemistry, Department of Medical Life Systems, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan.,Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshitada Yoshihara
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan
| | - Ayako Narazaki
- Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reito Shimizu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Metabolic Biochemistry, Department of Medical Life Systems, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Reiko Sakaguchi
- WPI-Research Initiative-Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norio Suzuki
- Division of Oxygen Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Semba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine/Basic Research, The Cardiovascular Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yamamoto
- Department of Artificial Kidneys, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Single Cell Genomics, Human Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobayashi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | | | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Developmental Genetics Group, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuda
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Seiji Tobita
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- WPI-Research Initiative-Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
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21
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Zhu JH, Yiu SM, Tang BZ, Lo KKW. Luminescent Neutral Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes Featuring a Cubic Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane for Lipid Droplet Imaging and Photocytotoxic Applications. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11672-11683. [PMID: 34269564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
New neutral iridium(III) complexes featuring a cubic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) unit, [Ir(N∧C)2(L1-POSS)] [HN∧C = 2-phenylpyridine (Hppy; 1), 2-phenylbenzothioazole (Hbt; 2), and 2-(1-naphthyl)benzothiazole (Hbsn; 3); L1-POSS = (E)-4-[(2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]benzyl 3-heptakis(isobutyl)POSS-propyl carbamate], were designed and synthesized. Their POSS-free counterparts, [Ir(N∧C)2(L1)] [L1 = (E)-N-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanimine; HN∧C = Hppy (1a), Hbt (2a), and Hbsn (3a)], and the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives [Ir(N∧C)2(L1-PEG)] [L1-PEG = (E)-4-[(2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]benzyl 3-[2-[ω-methoxypoly(1-oxapropyl)]ethyl]carbamate; HN∧C = Hppy (1b), Hbt (2b), and Hbsn (3b)] were also prepared. The photophysical, photochemical, and biological properties of the POSS complexes were compared with those of their POSS-free and PEG-modified counterparts. Upon irradiation, all of these complexes displayed orange-to-red emission and long emission lifetimes under ambient conditions. The bsn complexes 3, 3a, and 3b exhibited the highest singlet oxygen (1O2) generation quantum yields (ΦΔ = 0.85-0.86) in aerated CH3CN. Laser-scanning confocal microscopy images revealed that complexes 1-3 and 1a-3a showed exclusive lipid-droplet staining upon cellular uptake, while the PEG derivatives 1b-3b displayed lysosomal localization. Complex 3 was utilized to study various lipid-droplet-related biological events including lipid-droplet accumulation under oleic acid stimulation, the movement of lipid droplets, and preadipocyte differentiation. Notably, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays indicated that the ppy complexes 1 and 1b and the bt complexes 2 and 2b were noncytotoxic both in the dark and upon irradiation at 450 nm for 5 min (IC50 > 200 μM), while the bsn complexes 3, 3a, and 3b showed low dark cytotoxicity (IC50 = 52.9 to >200 μM) and high photocytotoxicity (IC50 = 1.1-5.3 μM). The cellular uptake, internalization mechanisms, and cell death pathways of these complexes were also investigated. This work not only offers promising luminescent probes for lipid droplets through the structural modification of iridium(III) complexes but also paves the way to the construction of new reagents for theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hui Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Center of Functional Photonics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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22
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Dual functional fluorosensors based on flexible bis(pyridylbenzimidazole) derivatives with highly selective and sensitive detection of acetylacetone and Fe3+ ions. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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23
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Kuznetsov KM, Kritchenkov IS, Shakirova JR, Gurzhiy VV, Pavlovskiy VV, Porsev VV, Sokolov VV, Tunik SP. Red‐to‐NIR Iridium(III) Emitters: Synthesis, Photophysical and Computational Study, the Effects of Cyclometallating and β‐Diketonate Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill M. Kuznetsov
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Ilya S. Kritchenkov
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Julia R. Shakirova
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Vladislav V. Gurzhiy
- Institute of Earth Sciences St. Petersburg State University University emb. 7/9 199034 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Pavlovskiy
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Vitaly V. Porsev
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Viktor V. Sokolov
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Sergey P. Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
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Xiong K, Zhou Y, Lin X, Kou J, Lin M, Guan R, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes as Mitochondria-targeting Photosensitizers against Cisplatin-resistant Cells †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:85-91. [PMID: 33617666 DOI: 10.1111/php.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Four iridium (III) complexes Ir1-Ir4 were synthesized and characterized. Possessing high singlet oxygen production ability and specific mitochondria-localization, Ir1 was developed as a mitochondria-targeting photosensitizer. Ir1 exhibited strong phototoxicity against cancer cell line A549 and its corresponding cisplatin-resistant one A549R. In contrast, Ir1 showed low cytotoxicity toward normal cell HLF. This selectivity resulted from the different uptake amount. With 405 nm irradiation, Ir1 induced mitochondria-mediated cell death in A549R cells, achieving the overcome of drug-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinlin Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Honda T, Hirakawa Y, Mizukami K, Yoshihara T, Tanaka T, Tobita S, Nangaku M. A distinctive distribution of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in cultured renal tubular cells with hypoperfusion simulated by coverslip placement. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14689. [PMID: 33369883 PMCID: PMC7769172 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia in the renal tubulointerstitium plays a key role in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is therefore important to investigate tubular hypoxia and the activity of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in response to hypoxia. Rarefaction of the peritubular capillary causes hypoperfusion in CKD; however, the effect of hypoperfusion on HIFs has rarely been investigated. We induced hypoperfusion caused by coverslip placement in human kidney-2 cells, and observed an oxygen gradient under the coverslip. Immunocytochemistry of HIF-1α showed a doughnut-shaped formation on the edge of a pimonidazole-positive area, which we named the "HIF-ring". The oxygen tension of the HIF-ring was estimated to be between approximately 4 mmHg and 20 mmHg. This result was not compatible with those of past research showing HIF-1α accumulation in the anoxic range with homogeneous oxygen tension. We further observed the presence of a pH gradient under a coverslip, as well as a shift of the HIF ring due to changes in the pH of the culture medium, suggesting that the HIF ring was formed by suppression of HIF-1α related to low pH. This research demonstrated that HIF-1α activation mimics the physiological state in cultured cells with hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Honda
- Division of Nephrology and EndocrinologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yosuke Hirakawa
- Division of Nephrology and EndocrinologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kiichi Mizukami
- Graduate School of Science and TechnologyGunma UniversityGunmaJapan
| | | | - Tetsuhiro Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and EndocrinologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Seiji Tobita
- Graduate School of Science and TechnologyGunma UniversityGunmaJapan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and EndocrinologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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26
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Mizukami K, Katano A, Shiozaki S, Yoshihara T, Goda N, Tobita S. In vivo O 2 imaging in hepatic tissues by phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy using Ir(III) complexes as intracellular probes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21053. [PMID: 33273499 PMCID: PMC7713648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM) combined with an oxygen (O2)-sensitive luminescent probe allows for high-resolution O2 imaging of living tissues. Herein, we present phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes, (btp)2Ir(acac-DM) (Ir-1) and (btp-OH)3Ir (Ir-2), as useful O2 probes for PLIM measurement. These small-molecule probes were efficiently taken up into cultured cells and accumulated in specific organelles. Their excellent cell-permeable properties allowed for efficient staining of three-dimensional cell spheroids, and thereby phosphorescence lifetime measurements enabled the evaluation of the O2 level and distribution in spheroids, including the detection of alterations in O2 levels by metabolic stimulation with an effector. We took PLIM images of hepatic tissues of living mice by intravenously administrating these probes. The PLIM images clearly visualized the O2 gradient in hepatic lobules with cellular-level resolution, and the O2 levels were derived based on calibration using cultured cells; the phosphorescence lifetime of Ir-1 gave reasonable O2 levels, whereas Ir-2 exhibited much lower O2 levels. Intravenous administration of NH4Cl to mice caused the hepatic tissues to experience hypoxia, presumably due to O2 consumption to produce ATP required for ammonia detoxification, suggesting that the metabolism of the probe molecule might affect liver O2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichi Mizukami
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ayaka Katano
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shiozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Toshitada Yoshihara
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Nobuhito Goda
- Department of Life Science and Medical BioScience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Seiji Tobita
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan.
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27
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Nagai T, Chikuma S, Hanaoka K. Detection of singularity in immunity and cancer by novel imaging techniques. Biophys Physicobiol 2020; 17:98-99. [PMID: 33194511 PMCID: PMC7610062 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bsj-2020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takeharu Nagai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Chikuma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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28
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Ho PY, Ho CL, Wong WY. Recent advances of iridium(III) metallophosphors for health-related applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Kritchenkov IS, Zhukovsky DD, Mohamed A, Korzhikov-Vlakh VA, Tennikova TB, Lavrentieva A, Scheper T, Pavlovskiy VV, Porsev VV, Evarestov RA, Tunik SP. Functionalized Pt(II) and Ir(III) NIR Emitters and Their Covalent Conjugates with Polymer-Based Nanocarriers. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1327-1343. [PMID: 32223218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two NIR-emitting platinum [Pt(N^N^C)(phosphine)] and iridium [Ir(N^C)2(N^N)]+ complexes containing reactive succinimide groups were synthesized and characterized with spectroscopic methods (N^N^C, 1-phenyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl)benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine, N^C, 6-(2-benzothienyl)phenanthridine, phosphine-3-(diphenylphosphaneyl)propanoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ether, and N^N, 4-oxo-4-((1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)butanoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ether). Their photophysics were carefully studied and analyzed using time-dependent density functional theory calculations. These complexes were used to prepare luminescent micro- and nanoparticles with the "core-shell" morphology, where the core consisted of biodegradable polymers of different hydrophobicity, namely, poly(d,l-lactic acid), poly(ε-caprolactone), and poly(ω-pentadecalactone), whereas the shell was formed by covalent conjugation with poly(l-lysine) covalently labeled with the platinum and iridium emitters. The surface of the species was further modified with heparin to reverse their charge from positive to negative values. The microparticles' size determined with dynamic laser scanning varies considerably from 720 to 1480 nm, but the nanoparticles' diameter falls in a rather narrow range, 210-230 nm. The species with a poly(l-lysine) shell display a high positive (>30 mV) zeta-potential that makes them essentially stable in aqueous media. Inversion of the surface charge to a negative value with the heparin cover did not deteriorate the species' stability. The iridium- and platinum-containing particles displayed emissions the spectral patterns of which were essentially similar to those of unconjugated complexes, which indicate retention of the chromophore nature upon binding to the polymer and further immobilization onto polyester micro- and nanoparticles for drug delivery. The obtained particles were tested to determine their ability to penetrate into different cells types: cancer cells, stem cells, and fibroblasts. It was found that all types of particles could effectively penetrate into all cells types under investigation. Nanoparticles were shown to penetrate into the cells more effectively than microparticles. However, positively charged nanoparticles covered with poly(l-lysine) seem to interact with negatively charged proteins in the medium and enter the inner part of the cells less effectively than nanoparticles covered with poly(l-lysine)/heparin. In the case of microparticles, the species with positive zeta-potentials were more readily up-taken by the cells than those with negative values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya S Kritchenkov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Daniil D Zhukovsky
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Abdelrahman Mohamed
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 198504, Russia.,Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Beni-Suef University, 62511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Tatiana B Tennikova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | | | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Vladimir V Pavlovskiy
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Vitaly V Porsev
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Robert A Evarestov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Sergey P Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 198504, Russia
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30
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Yokoi K, Balachandran C, Umezawa M, Tsuchiya K, Mitrić A, Aoki S. Amphiphilic Cationic Triscyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex-Peptide Hybrids Induce Paraptosis-like Cell Death of Cancer Cells via an Intracellular Ca 2+-Dependent Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6983-7001. [PMID: 32258934 PMCID: PMC7114882 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the design and synthesis of a green-emitting iridium complex-peptide hybrid (IPH) 4, which has an electron-donating hydroxyacetic acid (glycolic acid) moiety between the Ir core and the peptide part. It was found that 4 is selectively cytotoxic against cancer cells, and the dead cells showed a green emission. Mechanistic studies of cell death indicate that 4 induces a paraptosis-like cell death through the increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations via direct Ca2+ transfer from ER to mitochondria, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and the vacuolization of cytoplasm and intracellular organelle. Although typical paraptosis and/or autophagy markers were upregulated by 4 through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, as confirmed by Western blot analysis, autophagy is not the main pathway in 4-induced cell death. The degradation of actin, which consists of a cytoskeleton, is also induced by high concentrations of Ca2+, as evidenced by costaining experiments using a specific probe. These results will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Yokoi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki,
Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Chandrasekar Balachandran
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki,
Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki,
Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuchiya
- Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki,
Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Aleksandra Mitrić
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki,
Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 4 Karnegijeva Street, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki,
Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki,
Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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31
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Taguchi A, DeVience S, Driesschaert B, Khramtsov VV, Hirata H. In vitro simultaneous mapping of the partial pressure of oxygen, pH and inorganic phosphate using electron paramagnetic resonance. Analyst 2020; 145:3236-3244. [PMID: 32134072 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00168f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and the extracellular pH in the tumour microenvironment are essential parameters for understanding the physiological state of a solid tumour. Also, phosphate-containing metabolites are involved in energy metabolism, and interstitial inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an informative marker for tumour growth. This article describes the simultaneous mapping of pO2, pH and Pi using 750 MHz continuous-wave (CW) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and a multifunctional probe, monophosphonated trityl radical p1TAM-D. The concept was demonstrated by acquiring three-dimensional (3D) maps of pO2, pH and Pi for multiple solution samples. This was made possible by combining a multifunctional radical probe, fast CW-EPR spectral acquisition, four-dimensional (4D) spectral-spatial image reconstruction, and spectral fitting. The experimental results of mapping pO2, pH and Pi suggest that the concept of simultaneous mapping using EPR is potentially applicable for the multifunctional measurements of a mouse tumour model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Taguchi
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, North 14, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan
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32
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Eremina AA, Kinzhalov MA, Katlenok EA, Smirnov AS, Andrusenko EV, Pidko EA, Suslonov VV, Luzyanin KV. Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes with Acyclic Diaminocarbene Ligands as Chemosensors for Mercury. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2209-2222. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anzhelika A. Eremina
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Kinzhalov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Evgene A. Katlenok
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey S. Smirnov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V. Andrusenko
- TheoMAT Group, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- TheoMAT Group, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
- Inorganic Systems Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Vitalii V. Suslonov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V. Luzyanin
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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33
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Zhu H, Han C, Li YH, Cui GH. Two new coordination polymers containing long flexible bis(benzimidazole) ligand as luminescent chemosensors for acetylacetone and Hg(II) ions detection. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.121132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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34
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Honda T, Hirakawa Y, Nangaku M. The role of oxidative stress and hypoxia in renal disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2019; 38:414-426. [PMID: 31558011 PMCID: PMC6913586 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.19.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is required to sustain aerobic organisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly released during mitochondrial oxygen consumption for energy production. Any imbalance between ROS production and its scavenger system induces oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, a critical contributor to tissue damage, is well-known to be associated with various diseases. The kidney is susceptible to hypoxia, and renal hypoxia is a common final pathway to end stage kidney disease, regardless of the underlying cause. Renal hypoxia aggravates oxidative stress, and elevated oxidative stress, in turn, exacerbates renal hypoxia. Oxidative stress is also enhanced in chronic kidney disease, especially diabetic kidney disease, through various mechanisms. Thus, the vicious cycle between oxidative stress and renal hypoxia critically contributes to the progression of renal injury. This review examines recent evidence connecting chronic hypoxia and oxidative stress in renal disease and subsequently describes several promising therapeutic approaches against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Honda
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hirakawa
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Cyclometalated Iridium (III) complexes: Recent advances in phosphorescence bioimaging and sensing applications. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Qiu K, Zhu H, Rees TW, Ji L, Zhang Q, Chao H. Recent advances in lysosome-targeting luminescent transition metal complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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37
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Yasukagawa M, Yamada K, Tobita S, Yoshihara T. Ratiometric oxygen probes with a cell-penetrating peptide for imaging oxygen levels in living cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.111983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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38
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Zhou C, Zhao WX, You FT, Geng ZX, Peng HS. Highly Stable and Luminescent Oxygen Nanosensor Based on Ruthenium-Containing Metallopolymer for Real-Time Imaging of Intracellular Oxygenation. ACS Sens 2019; 4:984-991. [PMID: 30859818 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metal complex-based luminescent oxygen nanosensors have been intensively studied for biomedical applications. In terms of monitoring dynamics of intracellular oxygen, however, high-quality nanosensors are still badly needed, because of stringent requirements on stability, biocompatibility and luminescence intensity, aside from oxygen sensitivity. In this paper, we reported a type of highly luminescent and stable oxygen nanosensors prepared from metallopolymer. First, a novel ruthenium(II)-containing metallopolymer was synthesized by chelating the oxygen probe [Ru(bpy)3]2+ with a bipyridine-branched hydrophobic copolymer, which was then doped into polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) by a reprecipitation method, followed by further conjugation to selectively target mitochondria (Mito-NPs). The resultant Mtio-NPs possessed a small hydrodynamic size of ∼85 nm, good biocompatibility and high stability resulting from PEGylation and stable nature of Ru-complex. Because the complexed [Ru(bpy)3]2+ homogeneously resided on particle surface, Mito-NPs exhibited strong luminescence at 608 nm that was free of aggregation-caused-quenching, the utmost oxygen sensitivity of free [Ru(bpy)3]2+ probe ( Q = 75%), and linear Stern-Volmer oxygen luminescence quenching plots. Taking advantage of the mitochondria-specific nanosensors, intracellular oxygenation and deoxygenation processes were real-time monitored for 10 min by confocal luminescence imaging, visualized by the gradual weakening (by more than 90%) and enhancing (by 50%) of the red emission, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- College of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wu-xing Zhao
- College of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fang-tian You
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zhao-xin Geng
- College of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong-shang Peng
- College of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
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39
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Kang XM, Fan XY, Hao PY, Wang WM, Zhao B. A stable zinc–organic framework with luminescence detection of acetylacetone in aqueous solution. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qi01260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A stable Zn-based MOF has been prepared, presenting the first example of a recyclable luminescent sensor for recognizing acetylacetone in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Kang
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Xi-Yu Fan
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Peng-Yuan Hao
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Wen-Min Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Bin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
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40
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Penjweini R, Andreoni A, Rosales T, Kim J, Brenner MD, Sackett DL, Chung JH, Knutson JR. Intracellular oxygen mapping using a myoglobin-mCherry probe with fluorescence lifetime imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-14. [PMID: 30298706 PMCID: PMC6210794 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.10.107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) is one of the most important biometabolites. In abundance, it serves as the limiting terminus of aerobic respiratory chains in the mitochondria of higher organisms; in deficit, it is a potent determinant of development and regulation of other physiological and therapeutic processes. Most knowledge on intracellular and interstitial concentration ([O2]) is derived from mitochondria isolated from cells or tissue biopsies, providing detailed but nonnative insight into respiratory chain function. The possible loss of essential metabolites during isolation and disruption of the normal interactions of the organelle with the cytoskeleton may cause these data to misrepresent intact cells. Several optical methodologies were also developed, but they are often unable to detect heterogeneity of metabolic characteristics among different individual cells in the same culture, and most cannot detect heterogeneous consumption within different areas of a single cell. Here, we propose a noninvasive and highly sensitive fluorescence lifetime microscopy probe, myoglobin-mCherry, appropriate to intracellular targeting. Using our probe, we monitor mitochondrial contributions to O2 consumption in A549 nonsmall cell lung cancer cells and we reveal heterogeneous [O2] within the intracellular environments. The mitochondrial [O2] at a single-cell level is also mapped by adding a peptide to target the probe to the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozhin Penjweini
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Alessio Andreoni
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Tilman Rosales
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Jeonghan Kim
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Obesity and Aging Research, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Michael D. Brenner
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Dan L. Sackett
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Cytoskeletal Dynamics Group, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Jay H. Chung
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Obesity and Aging Research, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Jay R. Knutson
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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41
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Niu ZG, Han HB, Li M, Zhao Z, Chen GY, Zheng YX, Li GN, Zuo JL. Tunable Emission Color of Iridium(III) Complexes with Phenylpyrazole Derivatives as the Main Ligands for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Ying Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, P. R. China
| | - You-Xuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Nan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Lin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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42
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Feng Z, Wang D, Yang X, Jin D, Zhong D, Liu B, Zhou G, Ma M, Wu Z. Asymmetric Heteroleptic Ir(III) Phosphorescent Complexes with Aromatic Selenide and Selenophene Groups: Synthesis and Photophysical, Electrochemical, and Electrophosphorescent Behaviors. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:11027-11043. [PMID: 30129751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of evaluating the potential of selenium-containing groups in developing electroluminescent (EL) materials, a series of asymmetric heteroleptic Ir(III) phosphorescent complexes (Ir-Se0F, Ir-Se1F, Ir-Se2F, and Ir-Se3F) have been synthesized by using 2-selenophenylpyridine and one ppy-type (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine) ligand with a fluorinated selenide group. To the best of our knowledge, these complexes represent unprecedented examples of asymmetric heteroleptic Ir(III) phosphorescent emitters bearing selenium-containing groups. Natural transition orbital (NTO) analysis based on optimized geometries of the first triplet state (T1) have shown that the phosphorescent emissions of these Ir(III) complexes dominantly show 3π-π* features of the 2-selenophenylpyridine ligand with slight metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) contribution. In comparison with their symmetric parent complex Ir-Se with two 2-selenophenylpyridine ligands, these asymmetric heteroleptic Ir(III) phosphorescent complexes can show much higher phosphorescent quantum yields (ΦP) of ca. 0.90. Both the hole- and electron-trapping ability of these Ir(III) phosphorescent complexes can be enhanced by selenophene and fluorinated selenide groups to improve their EL efficiencies. The EL abilities of these asymmetric heteroleptic Ir(III) phosphorescent emitters fall in the order Ir-Se3F > Ir-Se2F > Ir-Se1F > Ir-Se0F. The highest EL efficiencies have been achieved by Ir-Se3F in the solution-processed OLEDs with external quantum efficiency (ηext), current efficiency (ηL), and power efficiency (ηP) of 19.9%, 65.6 cd A-1, and 57.3 lm W-1, respectively. These encouraging EL results clearly indicate the great potential of selenium-containing groups in developing high-performance Ir(III) phosphorescent emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Deyuan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Daokun Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Boao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guijiang Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Miaofeng Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information School of Electronic and Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , People's Republic of China
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43
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Grüner MC, Zanoni KPS, Borgognoni CF, Melo CC, Zucolotto V, de Camargo ASS. Reaching Biocompatibility with Nanoclays: Eliminating the Cytotoxicity of Ir(III) Complexes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:26830-26834. [PMID: 30063820 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclometalated IrIII complexes are promising candidates for biomedical applications but high cytotoxicity limits their use as imaging and sensing agents. We herein introduce the use of Laponite as carrier for triplet-emitting cyclometalated IrIII complexes. Laponite is a versatile nanoplatform because of its biocompatibility, dispersion stability and large surface area that readily adsorbs functional nonpolar and cationic molecules. These inorganic-organic hybrid nanomaterials mask cytotoxicity, show efficient cell uptake and increase luminescent properties and photostability. By camouflaging intrinsic cytotoxicity, this simple method potentially extends the palette of available imaging and sensing dyes to any metal-organic complexes, especially those that are usually cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte C Grüner
- Laboratory of Spectroscopy of Functional Materials (LEMAF), São Carlos Institute of Physics , University of São Paulo , Avenida Trabalhador Sãocarlense 400 , 13566-590 , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Kassio P S Zanoni
- Laboratory of Spectroscopy of Functional Materials (LEMAF), São Carlos Institute of Physics , University of São Paulo , Avenida Trabalhador Sãocarlense 400 , 13566-590 , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Camila F Borgognoni
- Group of Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology (GNano), São Carlos Institute of Physics , University of São Paulo , Avenida Trabalhador Sãocarlense 400 , 13566-590 , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Cristiane C Melo
- Group of Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology (GNano), São Carlos Institute of Physics , University of São Paulo , Avenida Trabalhador Sãocarlense 400 , 13566-590 , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Valtencir Zucolotto
- Group of Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology (GNano), São Carlos Institute of Physics , University of São Paulo , Avenida Trabalhador Sãocarlense 400 , 13566-590 , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Andrea S S de Camargo
- Laboratory of Spectroscopy of Functional Materials (LEMAF), São Carlos Institute of Physics , University of São Paulo , Avenida Trabalhador Sãocarlense 400 , 13566-590 , São Carlos , Brazil
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44
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Akiyama H, Takahashi I, Shimoda Y, Mukai R, Yoshihara T, Tobita S. Ir(iii) complex-based oxygen imaging of living cells and ocular fundus with a gated ICCD camera. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:846-853. [PMID: 29808210 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00122g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorescence lifetime imaging methods using oxygen-sensitive probes are very useful for visualizing the oxygen status of living cells and tissues with high spatial resolution. We aim to develop a useful oxygen detection technique combining a phosphorescent oxygen probe and an optimal detection method. Herein we present a biological oxygen imaging method using a microscope equipped with a gated intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera as a detector and an Ir(iii) complex as a phosphorescent oxygen probe. Microscopic luminescence images of monolayer HT-29 cells (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells) obtained using the cell-penetrating Ir(iii) complex BTPDM1 and an inverted microscope demonstrated that this method allowed visualization of the oxygen gradient produced in a monolayer of cultured cells when the monolayer is covered with a thin coverslip. Furthermore, combining the IR-emitting Ir(iii) complex DTTPH-PEG24 with a macrozoom microscope equipped with a gated ICCD camera enabled both the visualization of retinal vessels near the optic disc and the monitoring of oxygen level changes in a rabbit retina upon changing the inhaled oxygen content.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Akiyama
- Department of Ophthalmology and Medicine and Biological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
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45
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Hirakawa Y, Mizukami K, Yoshihara T, Takahashi I, Khulan P, Honda T, Mimura I, Tanaka T, Tobita S, Nangaku M. Intravital phosphorescence lifetime imaging of the renal cortex accurately measures renal hypoxia. Kidney Int 2018; 93:1483-1489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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46
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LaRochelle EPM, Shell JR, Gunn JR, Davis SC, Pogue BW. Signal intensity analysis and optimization for in vivo imaging of Cherenkov and excited luminescence. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:085019. [PMID: 29558363 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aab83b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
During external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), in vivo Cherenkov optical emissions can be used as a dosimetry tool or to excite luminescence, termed Cherenkov-excited luminescence (CEL) with microsecond-level time-gated cameras. The goal of this work was to develop a complete theoretical foundation for the detectable signal strength, in order to provide guidance on optimization of the limits of detection and how to optimize near real time imaging. The key parameters affecting photon production, propagation and detection were considered and experimental validation with both tissue phantoms and a murine model are shown. Both the theoretical analysis and experimental data indicate that the detection level is near a single photon-per-pixel for the detection geometry and frame rates commonly used, with the strongest factor being the signal decrease with the square of distance from tissue to camera. Experimental data demonstrates how the SNR improves with increasing integration time, but only up to the point where the dominance of camera read noise is overcome by stray photon noise that cannot be suppressed. For the current camera in a fixed geometry, the signal to background ratio limits the detection of light signals, and the observed in vivo Cherenkov emission is on the order of 100× stronger than CEL signals. As a result, imaging signals from depths <15 mm is reasonable for Cherenkov light, and depths <3 mm is reasonable for CEL imaging. The current investigation modeled Cherenkov and CEL imaging of two oxygen sensing phosphorescent compounds, but the modularity of the code allows for easy comparison of different agents or alternative cameras, geometries or tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan P M LaRochelle
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States of America
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47
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Comprehensive spectroscopic studies of cis and trans isomers of red-phosphorescent heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Mirabello V, Cortezon-Tamarit F, Pascu SI. Oxygen Sensing, Hypoxia Tracing and in Vivo Imaging with Functional Metalloprobes for the Early Detection of Non-communicable Diseases. Front Chem 2018; 6:27. [PMID: 29527524 PMCID: PMC5829448 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia has been identified as one of the hallmarks of tumor environments and a prognosis factor in many cancers. The development of ideal chemical probes for imaging and sensing of hypoxia remains elusive. Crucial characteristics would include a measurable response to subtle variations of pO2 in living systems and an ability to accumulate only in the areas of interest (e.g., targeting hypoxia tissues) whilst exhibiting kinetic stabilities in vitro and in vivo. A sensitive probe would comprise platforms for applications in imaging and therapy for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) relying on sensitive detection of pO2. Just a handful of probes for the in vivo imaging of hypoxia [mainly using positron emission tomography (PET)] have reached the clinical research stage. Many chemical compounds, whilst presenting promising in vitro results as oxygen-sensing probes, are facing considerable disadvantages regarding their general application in vivo. The mechanisms of action of many hypoxia tracers have not been entirely rationalized, especially in the case of metallo-probes. An insight into the hypoxia selectivity mechanisms can allow an optimization of current imaging probes candidates and this will be explored hereby. The mechanistic understanding of the modes of action of coordination compounds under oxygen concentration gradients in living cells allows an expansion of the scope of compounds toward in vivo applications which, in turn, would help translate these into clinical applications. We summarize hereby some of the recent research efforts made toward the discovery of new oxygen sensing molecules having a metal-ligand core. We discuss their applications in vitro and/or in vivo, with an appreciation of a plethora of molecular imaging techniques (mainly reliant on nuclear medicine techniques) currently applied in the detection and tracing of hypoxia in the preclinical and clinical setups. The design of imaging/sensing probe for early-stage diagnosis would longer term avoid invasive procedures providing platforms for therapy monitoring in a variety of NCDs and, particularly, in cancers.
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49
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Lidsky PV, Lukyanov KA, Misra T, Handke B, Mishin AS, Lehner CF. A genetically encoded fluorescent probe for imaging of oxygenation gradients in living Drosophila. Development 2018; 145:dev.156257. [PMID: 29437781 DOI: 10.1242/dev.156257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen concentrations vary between tissues of multicellular organisms and change under certain physiological or pathological conditions. Multiple methods have been developed for measuring oxygenation of biological samples in vitro and in vivo However, most require complex equipment, are laborious and have significant limitations. Here we report that oxygen concentration determines the choice between two maturation pathways of DsRed FT (Timer). At high oxygen levels, this DsRed derivate matures predominantly into a red fluorescent isoform. By contrast, a green fluorescent isoform is favored by low oxygen levels. Ratiometric analysis of green and red fluorescence after a pulse of Timer expression in Drosophila larvae provides a record of the history of tissue oxygenation during a subsequent chase period, for the whole animal with single-cell precision. Tissue spreads revealed fine differences in oxygen exposure among different cells of the same organ. We expect that the simplicity and robustness of our approach will greatly impact hypoxia research, especially in small animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter V Lidsky
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (IMLS), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland .,Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Konstantin A Lukyanov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - Tvisha Misra
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (IMLS), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Björn Handke
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (IMLS), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander S Mishin
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - Christian F Lehner
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (IMLS), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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50
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Bian H, Song X, Li N, Man H, Xiao Y. Quantitatively monitoring oxygen variation in endoplasmic reticulum with a fluorophore–phosphor energy transfer cassette. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:1699-1705. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb03279j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
EET cassette Ir-Np-OH has been constructed by connecting an Ir(iii) complex as acceptor to a naphthalimide dye as donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Xinbo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Huizi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
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