1
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Huang Y, Woolf MS, Wang CC, Naser SM, Wheeler AM, Mylott WR, Ma E, Rosenbaum AI. Comprehensive performance evaluation of ligand-binding assay-LC-MS/MS method for co-dosed monoclonal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (AZD7442). Bioanalysis 2024; 16:149-163. [PMID: 38385904 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: AZD7442 is a combination SARS-CoV-2 therapy comprising two co-dosed monoclonal antibodies. Materials & methods: The authors validated a hybrid ligand-binding assay-LC-MS/MS method for pharmacokinetic assessment of AZD7442 in human serum with nominal concentration range of each analyte of 0.300-30.0 μg/ml. Results: Validation results met current regulatory acceptance criteria. The validated method supported three clinical trials that spanned more than 17 months and ≥720 analytical runs (∼30,000 samples and ∼3000 incurred sample reanalyses per analyte). The data generated supported multiple health authority interactions, across the globe. AZD7442 (EVUSHELD) was approved in 12 countries for pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19. Conclusion: The results reported here demonstrate the robust, high-throughput capability of the hybrid ligand-binding assay-LC-MS/MS approach being employed to support-next generation versions of EVUSHELD, AZD3152.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michael Shane Woolf
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services (a part of Thermo Fisher Scientific), Richmond, VA 23229, USA
| | - Chun-Chi Wang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Sami M Naser
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services (a part of Thermo Fisher Scientific), Richmond, VA 23229, USA
| | - Aaron M Wheeler
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services (a part of Thermo Fisher Scientific), Richmond, VA 23229, USA
| | - William R Mylott
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services (a part of Thermo Fisher Scientific), Richmond, VA 23229, USA
| | - Eric Ma
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services (a part of Thermo Fisher Scientific), Richmond, VA 23229, USA
| | - Anton I Rosenbaum
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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2
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Williams G, Couchman L, Taylor DR, Sandhu JK, Slingsby OC, Ng LL, Moniz CF, Jones DJL, Maxwell CB. Use of Nonhuman Sera as a Highly Cost-Effective Internal Standard for Quantitation of Multiple Human Proteins Using Species-Specific Tryptic Peptides: Applicability in Clinical LC-MS Analyses. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38533909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Quantitation of proteins using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is complex, with a multiplicity of options ranging from label-free techniques to chemically and metabolically labeling proteins. Increasingly, for clinically relevant analyses, stable isotope-labeled (SIL) internal standards (ISs) represent the "gold standard" for quantitation due to their similar physiochemical properties to the analyte, wide availability, and ability to multiplex to several peptides. However, the purchase of SIL-ISs is a resource-intensive step in terms of cost and time, particularly for screening putative biomarker panels of hundreds of proteins. We demonstrate an alternative strategy utilizing nonhuman sera as the IS for quantitation of multiple human proteins. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy using two high abundance clinically relevant analytes, vitamin D binding protein [Gc globulin] (DBP) and albumin (ALB). We extend this to three putative risk markers for cardiovascular disease: plasma protease C1 inhibitor (SERPING1), annexin A1 (ANXA1), and protein kinase, DNA-activated catalytic subunit (PRKDC). The results show highly specific, reproducible, and linear measurement of the proteins of interest with comparable precision and accuracy to the gold standard SIL-IS technique. This approach may not be applicable to every protein, but for many proteins it can offer a cost-effective solution to LC-MS/MS protein quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Williams
- Leicester van Geest MS-OMICS Facility, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Couchman
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, RKCSB, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, United Kingdom
- Viapath Analytics, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - David R Taylor
- Viapath Analytics, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Jatinderpal K Sandhu
- Leicester van Geest MS-OMICS Facility, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver C Slingsby
- Leicester van Geest MS-OMICS Facility, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Leong L Ng
- Leicester van Geest MS-OMICS Facility, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Cajetan F Moniz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Donald J L Jones
- Leicester van Geest MS-OMICS Facility, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, RKCSB, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Colleen B Maxwell
- Leicester van Geest MS-OMICS Facility, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
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3
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Dong S, Chen L, Sauer A, Dittus L. LC/MS Assessment of Glycoform Clearance of A Biotherapeutic MAb in Rabbit Ocular Tissues. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2285-2291. [PMID: 37062414 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Many biotherapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) consist of various glycoforms, which can have different PK properties upon administration to animals and human. As a result, it is necessary to monitor the abundance of glycoforms and limit lot-to-lot variability during the manufacturing process. However, limited information is known about the clearance of mAb glycoforms from ocular space upon intravitreal injection. We present here an assessment of glycoform clearance of a biotherapeutic mAb (IgG1) from rabbit vitreous humor, aqueous humor and retina tissue using LC/MS. The results show that G0, G0F and G1F have similar T1/2, while mannose-5 has a longer T1/2 and is cleared slower in rabbit ocular space, which contradicted with what has been reported in the literature in which Mann5 was cleared faster systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Dong
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Linzhi Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Achim Sauer
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG. Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Lars Dittus
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG. Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
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4
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Li XL, Han C, Luo M, Xiao S, Li J, Yu C, Cheng S, Jin Y, Han Y, Todoroki K, Shi Q, Min JZ. Relative quantitation of glycans in cetuximab using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry by Pronase E digestion. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463302. [PMID: 35820231 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycans play important roles in the activity and function of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study, an isotope labeling method for the relative quantitative analysis of glycans in cetuximab, a chimeric human/mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibody that specifically targets epidermal growth factor receptor, via hydrophilic interaction LC-ultra-high-performance LC-HRMS was established based on Pronase E digestion. To this aim, novel isotope MS probes, i.e., 3-benzoyl-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (d0-BOTC) and 3-(2,3,4,5,6-pentadeuterio-benzoyl)-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate acid (d5-BOTC), which include a carboxyl group to target the amino functional group in glycosylamine, were developed. The nonspecific Pronase E enzyme could simultaneously digest the peptide bound to the N- and O-glycans into glycosylamine having only one amino acid. Since the mass difference between the light- and heavy-labeled glycans was 5.0 Da, the relative abundance of their MS peaks was used to achieve the qualitative and relative quantitative analysis of glycans. Sialylglycopeptide was used as a complex glycan model to validate the accuracy of the method. The results demonstrated the good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9994) between the experimentally detected MS intensity ratios and the theoretical molar ratios of the d0-BOTC to the corresponding d5-BOTC derivatives in the dynamic range of 0.03-10 and 0.03-20 of three orders magnitude for the d5-BOTC/d0-BOTC ratios. The reproducibility was between 0.16% and 10.70%, and the limit of detection was 13 fmol. The feasibility of the relative quantification method was investigated by analyzing the glycan content in cetuximab, finding good consistency between experimental and theoretical molar ratios (5:1, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5) of d0/d5-BOTC-labeled glycans. Finally, 13 glycans were successfully identified in cetuximab by applying this method using an in-house Tracefinder database. This study provides a novel strategy for the high throughput analysis, identification, and functional study of glycans in mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Chengqiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Miao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Shuyun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Chenglong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Shengyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Yueying Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Kenichiro Todoroki
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Qing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China.
| | - Jun Zhe Min
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China.
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5
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Amrani ME, van der Elst KC, Huitema AD, van Luin M. Middle-up quantification of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in human plasma with two dimensional liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry: Adalimumab as a proof of principle. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1665:462840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Kusuma MB, Kashibhatta R, Gavande A, Kiran R, Jagtap S, Vithala P, Moorkoth S, Bhat K. Bioanalytical method development and validation of highly selective and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determination of teriparatide (parathyroid hormone fragment 1-34) in human serum through direct detection of intact teriparatide molecule. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1187:123046. [PMID: 34823096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Teriparatide is a novel recombinant peptide fragment of the first 1-34 amino acids of human parathyroid recommended for treatment of osteoporosis. Therapeutic proteins and peptides are routinely estimated using ligand binding assay formats however LC-MS/MS technique which is routinely used in bioanalysis of small molecules has now gained importance in large molecule bioanalysis for the advantages it can offer over LBAs in terms of improved accuracy, selectivity and anti-body free method development. This paper presents a sensitive bioanalytical method for determination of teriparatide in human serum using ultra performance liquid chromatography aligned with tandem mass spectrometric detection. Teriparatide was isolated from human serum using solid phase extraction. The intact peptide was separated on a chromatograph and the multiply charged ion (+7) was detected using a mass spectrometer. The total run time was 4.0 min. The internal standard used was rat PTH 1-34 fragment. The mass transitions of m/z 589.3 > 656.3 for teriparatide and m/z 677.4 > 778.6 for internal standard were used for MS/MS detection. The sample extraction involved a solid phase extraction method followed by concentration of the eluent by evaporation and subsequent reconstitution. The non-specific binding effect caused by the adherence of the peptides/proteins to the vials/tube walls was significantly reduced by using BSA solution as blocking agent. The method has been validated over a linear range of 15.07-913.3 pg/mL with a correlation coefficient ≥ 0.99. The precision (%RSD) was 6.36 to 10.85 and accuracy was within 96.71% to 100.88%. A two-treatment, two-period, cross over study was conducted to establish bioequivalence between test and reference formulation (20 mcg/80 mL - solution for injection) and the method was successfully applied to quantify teriparatide in serum samples of this clinical study and about 1220 human serum samples were analyzed to determine teriparatide. This method is a promising anti-body free LC-MS/MS based methodology for estimation of teriparatide in human serum and may be applied as starting method for other such peptide molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Bob Kusuma
- Bioanalytical Research Department, Lupin Bio-Research Center, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharastra State, India.
| | - Ravisekhar Kashibhatta
- Bioanalytical Research Department, Lupin Bio-Research Center, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharastra State, India
| | - Anil Gavande
- Bioanalytical Research Department, Lupin Bio-Research Center, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharastra State, India
| | - Ravi Kiran
- Bioanalytical Research Department, Lupin Bio-Research Center, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharastra State, India
| | - Sandeep Jagtap
- Bioanalytical Research Department, Lupin Bio-Research Center, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharastra State, India
| | - Praveen Vithala
- Bioanalytical Research Department, Lupin Bio-Research Center, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharastra State, India
| | - Sudheer Moorkoth
- MCOPS, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Deemed University, Manipal, Mangaluru, India
| | - Krishnamurthy Bhat
- MCOPS, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Deemed University, Manipal, Mangaluru, India
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7
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Fairhall JM, Camilli JC, Gibson BH, Hook S, Gamble AB. EGFR-targeted prodrug activation using bioorthogonal alkene-azide click-and-release chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 46:116361. [PMID: 34411983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in many cancers and therefore serves as an excellent target for prodrug activation. Functionalised trans-cyclooctenes (TCO) were conjugated to an EGFR antibody (cetuximab), providing a reagent for pre-targeting and localisation of the bioorthogonal reagent. The TCOs react with a 4-azidobenzyl carbamate doxorubicin prodrug via a [3 + 2]-cycloaddition and subsequent self-immolation leads to release of doxorubicin (click-and-release). In vitro cell-based assays demonstrated proof-of-concept, that cetuximab conjugated to highly strained TCO (AB-d-TCO) could bind to the EGFR in a melanoma cell line, and selectively activate the doxorubicin prodrug. In a non-EGFR expressing melanoma cell line, no significant prodrug activation was observed. In vivo experiments using this combination of AB-d-TCO and the azido-doxorubicin prodrug in a murine melanoma model revealed no significant anti-tumour activity or increased survival, suggesting there was insufficient prodrug activation and drug release at the tumour site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Júlia C Camilli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Blake H Gibson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Allan B Gamble
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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8
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Bob Kusuma M, Kashibhatta R, Jagtap SS, Nadawade V, Adsul S, Moorkoth S, Bhat K, Mody R, Vithala P. A selective and sensitive UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for quantification of Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2b in human serum using signature peptide-based quantitation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1180:122883. [PMID: 34438247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method for determination of PEG-IFN-α-2b in human serum was developed using ultra performance liquid chromatography aligned with tandem mass spectrometric detection. A two-treatment, two-period, cross over study was conducted to establish bioequivalence between a test and reference formulation and the method was successfully applied to the quantification of PEG-IFN-α-2b in serum samples of this clinical study. The sample concentrations obtained from LC-MS/MS technique were compared with the concentrations obtained from ELISA technique. PEG-IFN-α-2b was isolated from serum using protein precipitation technique with isopropyl alcohol followed by overnight tryptic digestion. The signature peptide formed as result of tryptic digestion was separated on a chromatograph and detected using a mass detector. The mass transition ion-pair of m/z 741.3 → 1047.1 for PEG-IFN-α-2b and m/z 387.4 → 205.2 for internal standard were used for MS/MS detection. The sample extraction involves a simple protein precipitation method followed by tryptic digestion of the supernatant and further sample cleanup was not needed. The method has been validated over a linear range of 1.028-3200 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient ≥ 0.99. The precision (%RSD) was 5.52 to 7.90 and accuracy (%RE) was within -1.80 to 1.68. The total run time was 22.0 min. The sensitivity of LC-MS/MS method was 1.0 ng/ml which was found to be more sensitive than ELISA and resulted in improving the overall study data by being able to quantify all the samples without any below LOQ results helping to further improve the pharmacokinetic modeling. This improved method is a promising anti-body free LC-MS/MS based methodology for estimation of PEG-IFN-α-2b in human serum and may be applied for other such pegylated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Bob Kusuma
- Bioanalytical Research Department, Lupin Bio-Research Center, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra State, India.
| | - Ravisekhar Kashibhatta
- Bioanalytical Research Department, Lupin Bio-Research Center, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Sandeep S Jagtap
- Bioanalytical Research Department, Lupin Bio-Research Center, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Vijay Nadawade
- Bioanalytical Research Department, Lupin Bio-Research Center, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Suresh Adsul
- Bioanalytical Research Department, Lupin Bio-Research Center, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Sudheer Moorkoth
- MCOPS, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Deemed University, Manipal, Mangaluru, India
| | - Krishnamurthy Bhat
- MCOPS, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Deemed University, Manipal, Mangaluru, India
| | - Rustom Mody
- Research & Development Biotech, Lupin Limited, Pune, India
| | - Praveen Vithala
- Bioanalytical Research Department, Lupin Bio-Research Center, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra State, India
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9
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Souza ALRD, Amorim ACF, Cintra ER, Ferreira NN, Silva LAD, Hayasaki TG, Diniz DGA, Lima EM. Development and validation of a rapid RP-HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of paclitaxel and cetuximab in immunoliposomes. Talanta 2021; 225:121988. [PMID: 33592736 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of rational therapies against complex diseases, such as cancer, has increased in the past few years due to the advances of 'omics' technologies. Concomitantly, several efforts have been made to design sophisticated drug delivery systems in order to increase specificity and drug accumulation in tumor sites. The complexity of these drug delivery systems highlights the need for suitable analytical methods to determine encapsulation/conjugation efficiency of drugs and molecules responsible for the targeted delivery. Therefore, this study focuses on the development and validation of a RP-HPLC-DAD methodology for concurrent quantification of paclitaxel (PTX) and cetuximab (CTX) in immunoliposomes. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a wide pore C8 column, and a gradient mobile phase consisting of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in Milli-Q water/acetonitrile/isopropanol with a flow rate of 1 mL min-1. Drug peaks were fully separated and detected at 280 nm using UV detector. The method was validated according to ICH and FDA guidelines in terms of specificity and forced degradation studies, system suitability, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, repeatability, intermediate precision, accuracy, robustness, and short-term stability. The developed method was linear over the concentration range of 37.5-150 μg mL-1 of PTX and 75-300 μg mL-1 of CTX. All parameters evaluated satisfied the acceptance criteria, according to both FDA and ICH guidelines. The applicability of the analytical method was assessed following the development of PTX-loaded immunoliposomes conjugated with CTX. Thus, the present study shows a novel, simple, stability-indicating and suitable method to quantify simultaneously PTX and CTX in immunoliposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Ribeiro de Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Systems - FarmaTec, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cláudia Ferreira Amorim
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Systems - FarmaTec, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Emílio Ramos Cintra
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Systems - FarmaTec, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Antônio Dantas Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Systems - FarmaTec, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Tacio Gonçalves Hayasaki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Systems - FarmaTec, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Danielle Guimarães Almeida Diniz
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Systems - FarmaTec, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Eliana Martins Lima
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Systems - FarmaTec, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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10
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Bioanalysis of therapeutic monoclonal antibody by peptide adsorption-controlled LC-MS. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:265-276. [PMID: 33543661 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to develop an easy, low-cost and versatile mass spectrometric method for the bioanalysis of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) in human serum that employs peptide adsorption-controlled (PAC)-LC/MS using selected reaction monitoring mode (LC-MS/MS-SRM). Materials & methods: Rituximab was used as a model mAb. To apply the method to human serum samples, a peptide of the complementarity-determining region was selected as the surrogate peptide. The usefulness of PAC-LC-MS/MS-SRM was evaluated by a collaborative study. Results: The calibration curve ranged from 0.5 (or 1.0) to 1000.0 μg/ml. The selectivity, linearity, accuracy and precision met the predefined acceptance criteria. Conclusion: Our method could be a useful bioanalytical method for the quantification of mAbs in clinical samples.
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11
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TODOROKI K, NAKANO T, HAYASHI H, MIZUNO H, Zhe MIN J, TOYO’OKA T. Fluorescence Bioanalysis of Bevacizumab Using Pre-Column and Post-Column Derivatization – Liquid Chromatography After Immunoaffinity Magnetic Purification. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2020. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2020.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatsuki NAKANO
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | | | - Hajime MIZUNO
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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12
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Bottom-up sample preparation for the LC-MS/MS quantification of anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies in bio matrices. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1405-1425. [PMID: 32975434 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are rapidly taking over the treatment of many malignancies, and an astonishing number of mAbs is in development. This causes a high demand for quantification of mAbs in biomatrices both for measuring therapeutic mAb concentrations and to support pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics studies. Conventionally, ligand-binding assays are used for these purposes, but LC-MS is gaining popularity. Although intact (top-down) and subunit (middle-down) mAb quantification is reported, signature peptide (bottom-up) quantification is currently most advantageous. This review provides an overview of the reported bottom-up mAb quantification methods in biomatrices as well as general recommendations regarding signature peptide and internal standard selection, reagent use and optimization of digestion in bottom-up quantification methods.
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13
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Ramachandran B, Yang CT, Downs ML. Parallel Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry Method for Detection of Both Casein and Whey Milk Allergens from a Baked Food Matrix. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2964-2976. [PMID: 32483969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Milk allergy is among the most common food allergies present in early childhood, which in some cases may persist into adulthood as well. Proteins belonging to both casein and whey fractions of milk can trigger an allergic response in susceptible individuals. Milk is present as an ingredient in many foods, and it can also be present as casein- or whey-enriched milk-derived ingredients. As whey proteins are more susceptible to thermal processing than caseins, conventional methods often posed a challenge in accurate detection of whey allergens, particularly from a processed complex food matrix. In this study, a targeted mass spectrometry method has been developed to detect the presence of both casein and whey allergens from thermally processed foods. A pool of 19 candidate peptides representing four casein proteins and two whey proteins was identified using a discovery-driven target selection approach from various milk-derived ingredients. These target peptides were evaluated by parallel reaction monitoring of baked cookie samples containing known amounts of nonfat dry milk (NFDM). The presence of milk could be detected from baked cookies incurred with NFDM at levels as low as 1 ppm using seven peptides representing α-, β-, and κ-casein proteins and three peptides representing a whey protein, β-lactoglobulin, by this consensus PRM method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bini Ramachandran
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Charles T Yang
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Melanie L Downs
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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14
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Li X, Zhang Y, Jing L, Fu Z, Ma O, Ganguly J, Vaidya N, Sisson R, Naginskaya J, Chinthala A, Cui M, Yamagata R, Wilson M, Sanders M, Wang Z, Lo Surdo P, Bugno M. Integration of high-throughput analytics and cell imaging enables direct early productivity and product quality assessment during Chinese Hamster ovary cell line development for a complex multi-subunit vaccine antigen. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2914. [PMID: 31568688 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cell line generation typically includes stable pool generation, single cell cloning and several rounds of clone selection based on cell growth, productivity and product quality criteria. Individual clone expansion and phenotype-based ranking is performed initially for hundreds or thousands of mini-scale cultures, representing the major operational challenge during cell line development. Automated cell culture and analytics systems have been developed to enable high complexity clone selection workflows; while ensuring traceability, safety, and quality of cell lines intended for biopharmaceutical applications. Here we show that comprehensive and quantitative assessment of cell growth, productivity, and product quality attributes are feasible at the 200-1,200 cell colony stage, within 14 days of the single cell cloning in static 96-well plate culture. The early cell line characterization performed prior to the clone expansion in suspension culture can be used for a single-step, direct selection of high quality clones. Such clones were comparable, both in terms of productivity and critical quality attributes (CQAs), to the top-ranked clones identified using an established iterative clone screening approach. Using a complex, multi-subunit antigen as a model protein, we observed stable CQA profiles independently of the cell culture format during the clonal expansion as well as in the batch and fed-batch processes. In conclusion, we propose an accelerated clone selection approach that can be readily incorporated into various cell line development workstreams, leading to significant reduction of the project timelines and resource requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Li
- GSK, US Technical R&D, Drug Substance, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Yujian Zhang
- GSK, US Technical R&D, Drug Substance, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Li Jing
- GSK, US Technical R&D, Drug Substance, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Zongming Fu
- GSK, US Technical R&D, Analytical Research and Development, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ou Ma
- GSK, US Technical R&D, Drug Substance, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jishna Ganguly
- GSK, US Technical R&D, Drug Substance, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Nilesh Vaidya
- GSK, US Technical R&D, Drug Substance, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Richard Sisson
- GSK, US Technical R&D, Drug Substance, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | | | - Minggang Cui
- GSK, US Technical R&D, CMC Statistical Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ryan Yamagata
- GSK, US Technical R&D, CMC Statistical Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mark Wilson
- GSK, US Technical R&D, Drug Substance, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Zihao Wang
- GSK, US Technical R&D, Analytical Research and Development, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Paola Lo Surdo
- GSK, US Technical R&D, Drug Substance, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Marcin Bugno
- GSK, US Technical R&D, Drug Substance, Rockville, Maryland
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15
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Doell A, Schmitz OJ, Hollmann M. Shedding Light into the Subcutis: A Mass Spectrometry Based Immunocapture Assay Enabling Full Characterization of Therapeutic Antibodies after Injection in Vivo. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9490-9499. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Doell
- NBE Analytical R&D, AbbVie GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | | | - Markus Hollmann
- NBE Analytical R&D, AbbVie GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
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16
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El Amrani M, Donners AAM, Hack CE, Huitema ADR, van Maarseveen EM. Six-step workflow for the quantification of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in biological matrices with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry - A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1080:22-34. [PMID: 31409472 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The promising pipeline of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) demands robust bioanalytical methods with swift development times for pharmacokinetic studies. Over the past decades ligand binding assays were the methods of choice for absolute quantification. However, the production of the required anti-idiotypic antibodies and ligands limits high-throughput method development for sensitive, accurate, and reproducible quantification of therapeutic mAbs. In recent years, high-resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS) systems have enabled absolute quantification of therapeutic mAbs with short method development times. These systems have additional benefits, such as a large linear dynamic range, a high specificity and the option of multiplexing. Here, we briefly discuss the current strategies for the quantification of therapeutic mAbs in biological matrices using LC-MS analysis based on top-down and middle-down quantitative proteomics. Then, we present the widely used bottom-up method in a six-step workflow, which can be used as guidance for quantitative LC-MS/MS method development of mAbs. Finally, strengths and weaknesses of the bottom-up method, which currently provides the most benefits, are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin El Amrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Anouk A M Donners
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C Erik Hack
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik M van Maarseveen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. https://www.umcutrecht.nl
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17
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Hanck-Silva G, Fatori Trevizan LN, Petrilli R, de Lima FT, Eloy JO, Chorilli M. A Critical Review of Properties and Analytical/Bioanalytical Methods for Characterization of Cetuximab. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:125-135. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1581984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilmar Hanck-Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Petrilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Tita de Lima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josimar O. Eloy
- College of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Dai J, Lamp J, Xia Q, Zhang Y. Capillary Isoelectric Focusing-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Separation and Online Characterization of Intact Monoclonal Antibody Charge Variants. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2246-2254. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O.
Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jared Lamp
- CMP Scientific, Corporation, 760 Parkside Avenue, Suite 211, Brooklyn, New York 11226, United States
| | - Qiangwei Xia
- CMP Scientific, Corporation, 760 Parkside Avenue, Suite 211, Brooklyn, New York 11226, United States
| | - Yingru Zhang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O.
Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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19
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HASHII N, UTOH M, OHTSU Y, KATO N, GODA R, GOTO R, SHIMIZU H, TAKAMURA F, HOSHINO M, MABUCHI M, YAMAGUCHI T, ISHII-WATABE A, KATORI N. Bioanalytical Quantification of Therapeutic Antibodies by Liquid Chromatography/mass Spectrometry. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2018. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2017.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nozomu KATO
- Translational Research Department, Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Masanari MABUCHI
- DMPK Research Laboratories, Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp
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20
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YAMADA T, MIZUNO H, Zhe MIN J, TOYO’OKA T, TODOROKI K. High Sensitivity and Precision High-Temperature Reversed-Phase LC Analysis of Bevacizumab for Intact Bioanalysis of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2018. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2017.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hajime MIZUNO
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Jun Zhe MIN
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University
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21
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Legeron R, Xuereb F, Chaignepain S, Gadeau AP, Claverol S, Dupuy JW, Djabarouti S, Couffinhal T, Schmitter JM, Breilh D. A new reliable, transposable and cost-effective assay for absolute quantification of total plasmatic bevacizumab by LC–MS/MS in human plasma comparing two internal standard calibration approaches. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1070:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Shibata K, Naito T, Okamura J, Hosokawa S, Mineta H, Kawakami J. Simple and rapid LC-MS/MS method for the absolute determination of cetuximab in human serum using an immobilized trypsin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 146:266-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Qu M, An B, Shen S, Zhang M, Shen X, Duan X, Balthasar JP, Qu J. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of protein biotherapeutics with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:734-754. [PMID: 27097288 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the advancement of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) techniques has enabled their broad application in protein characterization, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Owing to certain important merits of LC/MS techniques (e.g., high selectivity, flexibility, and rapid method development), LC/MS assays are often deemed as preferable alternatives to conventional methods (e.g., ligand-binding assays) for the analysis of protein biotherapeutics. At the discovery and development stages, LC/MS is generally employed for two purposes absolute quantification of protein biotherapeutics in biological samples and qualitative characterization of proteins. For absolute quantification of a target protein in bio-matrices, recent work has led to improvements in the efficiency of LC/MS method development, sample treatment, enrichment and digestion, and high-performance low-flow-LC separation. These advances have enhanced analytical sensitivity, specificity, and robustness. As to qualitative analysis, a range of techniques have been developed to characterize intramolecular disulfide bonds, glycosylation, charge variants, primary sequence heterogeneity, and the drug-to-antibody ratio of antibody drug conjugate (ADC), which has enabled a refined ability to assess product quality. In this review, we will focus on the discussion of technical challenges and strategies of LC/MS-based quantification and characterization of biotherapeutics, with the emphasis on the analysis of antibody-based biotherapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and ADCs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:734-754, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Bo An
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Xiaomeng Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Xiaotao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Joseph P Balthasar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
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24
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Novel strategy using tryptic peptide immunoaffinity-based LC–MS/MS to quantify denosumab in monkey serum. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1451-1463. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Denosumab is a recombinant fully human IgG2 that has a high affinity and specificity for human RANKL. Commercially available RANKL labeled with an Fc fragment cannot be used to establish an indirect ELISA. To characterize denosumab pharmacokinetic a robust and accuracy method should be developed urgently. Results: In this study, an immunoaffinity enrichment method coupled with LC–MS/MS was established. The LC–MS/MS method acquired a linear range from 0.1 to 30 μg/ml. The intra- and inter-run precision (CV%) was within 11.5 and 10.5%, respectively. More importantly, the LC–MS/MS pharmacokinetic data were consistent with ELISA. Conclusion: This approach accelerated the quantification, reduced the costs and provided an alternative in case of lacking the special antigen to denosumab or a RANKL-biotinylated reagent.
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25
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Osaki F, Tabata K, Oe T. Quantitative LC/ESI-SRM/MS of antibody biopharmaceuticals: use of a homologous antibody as an internal standard and three-step method development. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5523-5532. [PMID: 28710515 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody-based therapeutic agents (antibody drugs) have attracted considerable attention as a new type of drug. Concomitantly, the use of quantitative approaches for characterizing antibody drugs, such as liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS), has increased. Generally, selective quantification of antibody drugs is done using unique peptides from variable regions (V H and V L) as surrogate peptides. Further, numerous internal standards (ISs) such as stable isotope-labeled (SIL)-intact proteins and SIL-surrogate peptides are used. However, developing LC-MS methodology for characterizing antibody drugs is time-consuming and costly. Therefore, LC-MS is difficult to apply for this purpose, particularly during the drug discovery stage when numerous candidates must be evaluated. Here, we demonstrate an efficient approach to developing a quantitative LC/electrospray ionization (ESI)-selected reaction monitoring (SRM)/MS method for characterizing antibody drugs. The approach consists of the following features: (i) standard peptides or SIL-IS are not required; (ii) a peptide from the homologous monoclonal antibody serves as an IS; (iii) method development is monitored using a spiked plasma sample and one quantitative MS analysis; and (iv) three predicted SRM assays are performed to optimize quantitative SRM conditions such as transition, collision energy, and declustering potential values. Using this strategy, we developed quantitative SRM methods for infliximab, alemtuzumab, and bevacizumab with sufficient precision (<20%)/accuracy (<±20%) for use in the drug discovery stage. We have also demonstrated that choosing a higher homologous peptide pair (from analyte mAb/IS mAb) is necessary to obtain the sufficient precision and accuracy. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Osaki
- Department of Bio-analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- Analysis & Pharmacokinetics Research Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Tabata
- Analysis & Pharmacokinetics Research Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Oe
- Department of Bio-analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
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26
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Becher F, Ciccolini J, Imbs DC, Marin C, Fournel C, Dupuis C, Fakhry N, Pourroy B, Ghettas A, Pruvost A, Junot C, Duffaud F, Lacarelle B, Salas S. A simple and rapid LC-MS/MS method for therapeutic drug monitoring of cetuximab: a GPCO-UNICANCER proof of concept study in head-and-neck cancer patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2714. [PMID: 28578404 PMCID: PMC5457398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of first-in-class anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab is contingent upon extensive pharmacogenomic testing. However in addition to tumor genomics, drug exposure levels could play a critical, yet largely underestimated role, because several reports have demonstrated that cetuximab pharmacokinetic parameters, in particular clearance values, were associated with survival in patients. Here, we have developed an original bioanalytical method based upon the use of LC-MS/MS technology and a simplified sample preparation procedure to assay cetuximab in plasma samples from patients, thus meeting the requirements of standard Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in routine clinical practice. When tested prospectively in a pilot study in 25 head-and-neck cancer patients, this method showed that patients with clinical benefit had cetixumab residual concentrations higher than non-responding patients (i.e., 49 ± 16.3 µg/ml VS. 25.8 ± 17 µg/ml, p < 0.01 t test). Further ROC analysis showed that 33.8 µg/ml was the Cmin threshold predictive of response with an acceptable sensitivity (87%) and specificity (78%). Mass spectrometry-based therapeutic drug monitoring of cetuximab in head-and-neck cancer patients could therefore help to rapidly predict cetuximab efficacy and to adapt dosing if required.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Becher
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France.,Groupe de Pharmacologie Clinique & Oncologique (GPCO)-Unicancer, 101 rue de Tolbiac, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Ciccolini
- Groupe de Pharmacologie Clinique & Oncologique (GPCO)-Unicancer, 101 rue de Tolbiac, 75013, Paris, France. .,Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, SMARTc unit, Inserm S_911 CRO2, Aix Marseille Univ and La Timone University Hospital of Marseille, Marseille, France.
| | - Diane-Charlotte Imbs
- Groupe de Pharmacologie Clinique & Oncologique (GPCO)-Unicancer, 101 rue de Tolbiac, 75013, Paris, France.,Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, SMARTc unit, Inserm S_911 CRO2, Aix Marseille Univ and La Timone University Hospital of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Clémence Marin
- Groupe de Pharmacologie Clinique & Oncologique (GPCO)-Unicancer, 101 rue de Tolbiac, 75013, Paris, France.,Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, SMARTc unit, Inserm S_911 CRO2, Aix Marseille Univ and La Timone University Hospital of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Fournel
- Medical Oncology Unit, La Timone University Hospital of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Charlotte Dupuis
- Medical Oncology Unit, La Timone University Hospital of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Fakhry
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, La Conception University Hospital of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Bertrand Pourroy
- Onco-Pharma, La Timone University Hospital of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Ghettas
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Alain Pruvost
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Junot
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Florence Duffaud
- Medical Oncology Unit, La Timone University Hospital of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Lacarelle
- Groupe de Pharmacologie Clinique & Oncologique (GPCO)-Unicancer, 101 rue de Tolbiac, 75013, Paris, France.,Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, SMARTc unit, Inserm S_911 CRO2, Aix Marseille Univ and La Timone University Hospital of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Sebastien Salas
- Medical Oncology Unit, La Timone University Hospital of Marseille, Marseille, France
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27
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Largy E, Cantais F, Van Vyncht G, Beck A, Delobel A. Orthogonal liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods for the comprehensive characterization of therapeutic glycoproteins, from released glycans to intact protein level. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1498:128-146. [PMID: 28372839 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are increasingly used as therapeutics. Their characterization is challenging due to their size and inherent heterogeneity notably caused by post-translational modifications, among which glycosylation is probably the most prominent. The glycosylation profile of therapeutic proteins must therefore be thoroughly analyzed. Here, we illustrate how the use of a combination of various cutting-edge LC or LC/MS(/MS) methods, and operating at different levels of analysis allows the comprehensive characterization of both the N- and O-glycosylations of therapeutic proteins without the need for other approaches (capillary electrophoresis, MALDI-TOF). This workflow does not call for the use of highly specialized/custom hardware and software nor an extensive knowledge of glycan analysis. Most notably, we present the point of view of a contract research organization, with the constraints associated to the work in a regulated environment (GxP). Two salient points of this work are i) the use of mixed-mode chromatography as a fast and straightforward mean of profiling N-glycans sialylation as well as an orthogonal method to separate N-glycans co-eluting in the HILIC mode; and ii) the use of widepore HILIC/MS to analyze challenging N/O-glycosylation profiles at both the peptide and subunit levels. A particular attention was given to the sample preparations in terms of duration, specificity, versatility, and robustness, as well as the ease of data processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Largy
- Quality Assistance sa, Technoparc de Thudinie 2, 6536, Donstiennes, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Cantais
- Quality Assistance sa, Technoparc de Thudinie 2, 6536, Donstiennes, Belgium
| | - Géry Van Vyncht
- Quality Assistance sa, Technoparc de Thudinie 2, 6536, Donstiennes, Belgium
| | - Alain Beck
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Arnaud Delobel
- Quality Assistance sa, Technoparc de Thudinie 2, 6536, Donstiennes, Belgium.
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3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid: the forgotten detection substrate for ligand-binding assay-based bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:407-418. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligand-binding assays are ideal for routine bioanalysis, but we reason that the straightforward replacement of the conventional chromogenic horseradish peroxidase substrate, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, of a routinely used preclinical immunoassay to detect hIgG, with the fluorogenic 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid would broaden the narrow dynamic range. The replacement leads to a sensitivity of 0.47 (minimum required dilution [MRD] 10) and 1.02 (MRD 50) ng/ml, and dynamic ranges of 3.3 (MRD 10) and 3.6 (MRD 50) orders of magnitude, and thereby had improved sensitivity and dynamic range compared with other conventional colorimetric ELISAs, other ligand-binding assay technologies or LC–MS assays. Improvements in sensitivity and dynamic range were achieved for the sera of horse, mice and monkeys without assay optimization.
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Li W, Lin H, Fu Y, Flarakos J. LC–MS/MS determination of a human mAb drug candidate in rat serum using an isotopically labeled universal mAb internal standard. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1044-1045:166-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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30
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Lanshoeft C, Wolf T, Walles M, Barteau S, Picard F, Kretz O, Cianférani S, Heudi O. The flexibility of a generic LC–MS/MS method for the quantitative analysis of therapeutic proteins based on human immunoglobulin G and related constructs in animal studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 131:214-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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El Amrani M, van den Broek MPH, Göbel C, van Maarseveen EM. Quantification of active infliximab in human serum with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using a tumor necrosis factor alpha -based pre-analytical sample purification and a stable isotopic labeled infliximab bio-similar as internal standard: A target-based, sensitive and cost-effective method. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1454:42-8. [PMID: 27264745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic monoclonal antibody Infliximab (IFX) is a widely used drug for the treatment of several inflammatory autoimmune diseases. However, approximately 10% of patients develop anti-infliximab antibodies (ATIs) rendering the treatment ineffective. Early detection of underexposure to unbound IFX would result in a timely switch of therapy which could aid in the treatment of this disease. Streptavidin coated 96 well plates were used to capture biotinylated-tumor necrosis factor -alpha (b-TNF-α), which in turn was used to selectively extract the active form of IFX in human serum. After elution, IFX was digested using trypsin and one signature peptide was selected for subsequent analysis on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The internal standard used was a stable isotopic labeled IFX bio-similar. The assay was successfully validated according to European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines and was found to be linear in a range of 0.5-20μg/mL (r(2)=0.994). Lower limit of quantification for the assay (<20% CV) was 0.5μg/mL, requiring only 2μL of sample. Cross-validation against enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) resulted in a high correlation between methods (r(2)=0.95 with a ρc=0.83) and the accuracy was in line with previously published results. In conclusion, a sensitive, robust and cost-effective method was developed for the bio-analysis of IFX with LC-MS/MS by means of a target-based pre-analytical sample purification. Moreover, low volume and costs of consumables per sample promote its feasibility in (pre)clinical studies and in therapeutic drug monitoring. This method should be considered as first choice due to its accuracy and multiple degree of selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin El Amrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcel P H van den Broek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel Göbel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik M van Maarseveen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Todoroki K, Nakano T, Eda Y, Ohyama K, Hayashi H, Tsuji D, Min JZ, Inoue K, Iwamoto N, Kawakami A, Ueki Y, Itoh K, Toyo'oka T. Bioanalysis of bevacizumab and infliximab by high-temperature reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity magnetic purification. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 916:112-9. [PMID: 27016445 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study presents two simple and rapid methods for the quantification of therapeutic mAbs based on LC. Two mAbs (bevacizumab and infliximab) in plasma samples were purified using magnetic beads immobilized with a commercially-available idiotype antibody for each mAb. Purified mAbs were separated with HT-RPLC and detected with their native fluorescence. Using immunoaffinity beads, each mAb was selectively purified and detected as a single peak in the chromatogram. The HT-RPLC achieved good separation for the mAbs with sharp peaks within 20 min. The calibration curves of the two mAbs ranged from 1 to 20 μg mL(-1) (bevacizumab) and 1-10 μg mL(-1) (infliximab), and they had strong correlation coefficients (r(2) > 0.998). The LOD of bevacizumab and infliximab was 0.07 and 0.15 μg mL(-1), and the LLOQ of bevacizumab and infliximab was 0.12 and 0.25 μg mL(-1), respectively. Thus, the sensitivities were sufficient for clinical analysis. Immunoaffinity purification with HT-RPLC produced a selective and accurate bioanalysis without an LC-MS/MS instrument. Both methods could become general-purpose analytical methods and complement the results obtained with conventional LBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Todoroki
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Nakano
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Eda
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Social Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Daiki Tsuji
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Zhe Min
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Inoue
- Laboratory of Clinical and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwamoto
- Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | | | - Kunihiko Itoh
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Toyo'oka
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Development of Immunocapture-LC/MS Assay for Simultaneous ADA Isotyping and Semiquantitation. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:7682472. [PMID: 27034966 PMCID: PMC4806687 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7682472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins and peptides have potential to elicit immune responses resulting in anti-drug antibodies that can pose problems for both patient safety and product efficacy. During drug development immunogenicity is usually examined by risk-based approach along with specific strategies for developing “fit-for-purpose” bioanalytical approaches. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and electrochemiluminescence immunoassays are the most widely used platform for ADA detection due to their high sensitivity and throughput. During the past decade, LC/MS has emerged as a promising technology for quantitation of biotherapeutics and protein biomarkers in biological matrices, mainly owing to its high specificity, selectivity, multiplexing, and wide dynamic range. In fully taking these advantages, we describe here an immunocapture-LC/MS methodology for simultaneous isotyping and semiquantitation of ADA in human plasma. Briefly, ADA and/or drug-ADA complex is captured by biotinylated drug or anti-drug Ab, immobilized on streptavidin magnetic beads, and separated from human plasma by a magnet. ADA is then released from the beads and subjected to trypsin digestion followed by LC/MS detection of specific universal peptides for each ADA isotype. The LC/MS data are analyzed using cut-point and calibration curve. The proof-of-concept of this methodology is demonstrated by detecting preexisting ADA in human plasma.
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Resemann A, Jabs W, Wiechmann A, Wagner E, Colas O, Evers W, Belau E, Vorwerg L, Evans C, Beck A, Suckau D. Full validation of therapeutic antibody sequences by middle-up mass measurements and middle-down protein sequencing. MAbs 2016; 8:318-30. [PMID: 26760197 PMCID: PMC4966597 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1128607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory bodies request full sequence data assessment both for innovator and biosimilar monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Full sequence coverage is typically used to verify the integrity of the analytical data obtained following the combination of multiple LC-MS/MS datasets from orthogonal protease digests (so called “bottom-up” approaches). Top-down or middle-down mass spectrometric approaches have the potential to minimize artifacts, reduce overall analysis time and provide orthogonality to this traditional approach. In this work we report a new combined approach involving middle-up LC-QTOF and middle-down LC-MALDI in-source decay (ISD) mass spectrometry. This was applied to cetuximab, panitumumab and natalizumab, selected as representative US Food and Drug Administration- and European Medicines Agency-approved mAbs. The goal was to unambiguously confirm their reference sequences and examine the general applicability of this approach. Furthermore, a new measure for assessing the integrity and validity of results from middle-down approaches is introduced – the “Sequence Validation Percentage.” Full sequence data assessment of the 3 antibodies was achieved enabling all 3 sequences to be fully validated by a combination of middle-up molecular weight determination and middle-down protein sequencing. Three errors in the reference amino acid sequence of natalizumab, causing a cumulative mass shift of only −2 Da in the natalizumab Fd domain, were corrected as a result of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Resemann
- a Bruker Daltonics GmbH , Fahrenheitstr. 4, Bremen , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Jabs
- a Bruker Daltonics GmbH , Fahrenheitstr. 4, Bremen , Germany
| | - Anja Wiechmann
- a Bruker Daltonics GmbH , Fahrenheitstr. 4, Bremen , Germany
| | - Elsa Wagner
- b Centre d'Immunologie Pierre , St Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Olivier Colas
- b Centre d'Immunologie Pierre , St Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Waltraud Evers
- a Bruker Daltonics GmbH , Fahrenheitstr. 4, Bremen , Germany
| | - Eckhard Belau
- a Bruker Daltonics GmbH , Fahrenheitstr. 4, Bremen , Germany
| | - Lars Vorwerg
- a Bruker Daltonics GmbH , Fahrenheitstr. 4, Bremen , Germany
| | | | - Alain Beck
- b Centre d'Immunologie Pierre , St Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Detlev Suckau
- a Bruker Daltonics GmbH , Fahrenheitstr. 4, Bremen , Germany
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Generic method approaches for monoclonal antibody therapeutics analysis using both ligand binding and LC–MS/MS techniques. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:19-27. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) and mAb-derived biotherapeutics are being developed to interact with specific target molecule(s) to intervene disease formation or progression. LC–MS/MS methods have emerged to compensate for the limitations of conventional ligand-binding assays. Application of a generic LC–MS/MS method to multiple mAb candidates can save method development time as most mAb biotherapeutics are IgG 1, 2 and 4 isotypes. Three common components are essential to a generic LC–MS/MS method: a common workflow, a common surrogate peptide and the corresponding stable isotope-labeled internal standard. The generic LC–MS/MS method is translatable from a single- into a multiple-analyte method, and from a generic into a specific method. Strategies and caveats on method applications are discussed in this chapter.
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36
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Cong Y, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Hu L, Gu J. Quantitative MS analysis of therapeutic mAbs and their glycosylation for pharmacokinetics study. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:303-14. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cong
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry; National Chromatographic R&A Center; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry; National Chromatographic R&A Center; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Shen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry; National Chromatographic R&A Center; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Lianghai Hu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
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Gahoual R, Biacchi M, Chicher J, Kuhn L, Hammann P, Beck A, Leize-Wagner E, François YN. Monoclonal antibodies biosimilarity assessment using transient isotachophoresis capillary zone electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry. MAbs 2015; 6:1464-73. [PMID: 25484058 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.36305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Out of all categories, monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics attract the most interest due to their strong therapeutic potency and specificity. Six of the 10 top-selling drugs are antibody-based therapeutics that will lose patent protection soon. The European Medicines Agency has pioneered the regulatory framework for approval of biosimilar products and approved the first biosimilar antibodies by the end of 2013. As highly complex glycoproteins with a wide range of micro-variants, mAbs require extensive characterization through multiple analytical methods for structure assessment rendering manufacturing control and biosimilarity studies particularly product and time-consuming. Here, capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry by a sheathless interface (CESI-MS) was used to characterize marketed reference mAbs and their respective biosimilar candidate simultaneously over different facets of their primary structure. CESI-MS/MS data were compared between approved mAbs and their biosimilar candidates to prove/disconfirm biosimilarity regarding recent regulation directives. Using only a single sample injection of 200 fmol, CESI-MS/MS data enabled 100% amino acids (AA) sequence characterization, which allows a difference of even one AA between 2 samples to be distinguished precisely. Simultaneously glycoforms were characterized regarding their structures and position through fragmentation spectra and glycoforms semiquantitative analysis was established, showing the capacity of the developed methodology to detect up to 16 different glycans. Other posttranslational modifications hotspots were characterized while their relative occurrence levels were estimated and compared to biosimilars. These results proved the value of using CESI-MS because the separation selectivity and ionization efficiency provided by the system allowed substantial improvement in the characterization workflow robustness and accuracy. Biosimilarity assessment could be performed routinely with a single injection of each candidate enabling improvements in the biosimilar development pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabah Gahoual
- a Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse des interactions et des systèmes (LSMIS); CNRS - UMR 7140 , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg Cedex , France
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Biacchi M, Gahoual R, Said N, Beck A, Leize-Wagner E, François YN. Glycoform Separation and Characterization of Cetuximab Variants by Middle-up Off-Line Capillary Zone Electrophoresis-UV/Electrospray Ionization-MS. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6240-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Biacchi
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de
Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR
7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Rabah Gahoual
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de
Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR
7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Nassur Said
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de
Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR
7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Alain Beck
- Centre d’Immunologie Pierre Fabre, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois 74164, France
| | - Emmanuelle Leize-Wagner
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de
Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR
7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Yannis-Nicolas François
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de
Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR
7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
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Martelet A, L’Hostis G, Nevers MC, Volland H, Junot C, Becher F, Muller BH. Phage Amplification and Immunomagnetic Separation Combined with Targeted Mass Spectrometry for Sensitive Detection of Viable Bacteria in Complex Food Matrices. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5553-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Martelet
- bioMérieux S.A., chemin de l’orme, 69280 Marcy-l’Etoile, France
- CEA, iBiTec-S,
SPI, Laboratoire d’Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments
(LEMM), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guillaume L’Hostis
- bioMérieux S.A., chemin de l’orme, 69280 Marcy-l’Etoile, France
- CEA, iBiTec-S,
SPI, Laboratoire d’Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments
(LEMM), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Claire Nevers
- CEA, iBiTec-S, SPI,
Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherches en Immunoanalyse (LERI), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hervé Volland
- CEA, iBiTec-S, SPI,
Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherches en Immunoanalyse (LERI), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Junot
- CEA, iBiTec-S,
SPI, Laboratoire d’Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments
(LEMM), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Becher
- CEA, iBiTec-S,
SPI, Laboratoire d’Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments
(LEMM), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bruno H. Muller
- bioMérieux S.A., chemin de l’orme, 69280 Marcy-l’Etoile, France
- CEA, iBiTec-S,
SPI, Laboratoire d’Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments
(LEMM), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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40
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Targeted LC-MS quantification of intact TAT-fusion therapeutics: a case study. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:981-90. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: While HIV-1 TAT peptide-conjugation shows great promise on improving intracellular delivery of biotherapeutics in vitro and in vivo, quantification of TAT-fusion therapeutics in biological matrices represents a daunting challenge. Materials & methods: A sensitive MS approach for accurate quantification of intact TAT-fusion protein/polypeptide in plasma was developed. i) A semi-automated 96-well ion-exchange solid phase extraction was developed; ii) a rapid LC separation on C4 was devised; iii) a TAT-fusion analog was constructed as internal standard. Results: We reported that low percentage of supercharging reagents enabled a significant sensitivity improvement of MS for intact TAT-fusion protein/polypeptide analysis. We showed a proof of concept by successfully developing a sensitive LC/MRM-MS method for quantifying GAP161, a TAT-conjugating RasGAP mimics, in rat plasma. Conclusion: This work represents the first quantification of TAT-fusion therapeutics in biological samples by an LC-MS based method.
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42
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ELISA microplate: a viable immunocapture platform over magnetic beads for immunoaffinity-LC–MS/MS quantitation of protein therapeutics? Bioanalysis 2015; 7:307-18. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Evaluate the performance of ELISA microplates versus commonly used magnetic beads for biological sample cleanup and/or enrichment in immunoaffinity-LC–MS/MS to reduce tedious beads washing procedures and a relatively high assay cost. Materials & Methods: ELISA microplates were used as immunicapture platform and compared with magnetic beads for sample cleanup for LC–MS/MS quantitation of protein therapeutics. Results: One unmodified and two surface-activated microplates provided comparable linear ranges and sensitivities for a therapeutic protein (mass 78 kDa) using a human serum sample of 100 µl with 1:1 dilution compared with Tosylactivated magnetic beads using 200 µl of human serum without sample dilution. The assays’ precision and accuracy were all within acceptable ranges. No nonspecific binding or other selectivity issues were observed. Conclusion: The results suggested an ELISA microplate could be a viable immunocapture platform for immunoaffinity-LC–MS/MS quantitation of protein therapeutics.
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Wang S, Bobst CE, Kaltashov IA. A new liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based method to quantitate exogenous recombinant transferrin in cerebrospinal fluid: a potential approach for pharmacokinetic studies of transferrin-based therapeutics in the central nervous systems. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2015; 21:369-76. [PMID: 26307718 PMCID: PMC5808461 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Transferrin (Tf) is an 80 kDa iron-binding protein that is viewed as a promising drug carrier to target the central nervous system as a result of its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Among the many challenges during the development of Tf-based therapeutics, the sensitive and accurate quantitation of the administered Tf in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains particularly difficult because of the presence of abundant endogenous Tf. Herein, we describe the development of a new liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based method for the sensitive and accurate quantitation of exogenous recombinant human Tf in rat CSF. By taking advantage of a His-tag present in recombinant Tf and applying Ni affinity purification, the exogenous human serum Tf can be greatly enriched from rat CSF, despite the presence of the abundant endogenous protein. Additionally, we applied a newly developed (18)O-labeling technique that can generate internal standards at the protein level, which greatly improved the accuracy and robustness of quantitation. The developed method was investigated for linearity, accuracy, precision, and lower limit of quantitation, all of which met the commonly accepted criteria for bioanalytical method validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Cedric E Bobst
- D epartment of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Igor A Kaltashov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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High-sensitivity quantitation of a Nanobody® in plasma by single-cartridge multidimensional SPE and ultra-performance LC–MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:53-64. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A major challenge in protein quantitation based on enzymatic digestion of complex biological samples and subsequent LC–MS/MS analysis of a signature peptide is dealing with the high complexity of the matrix after digestion, which can reduce sensitivity considerably. Results: Using single cartridge multidimensional SPE, sufficient selectivity was introduced to allow quantitation in 50 µl of plasma down to 10.0 ng/ml (˜0.3 nM). An inhouse prepared 18O-labeled signature peptide was used as the internal standard. The procedure was validated for human and rabbit plasma. Conclusion: The developed SPE procedure allowed the sensitive and selective LC–MS/MS quantitation of the Nanobody® without the use of antibodies. When appropriate precautions are taken, the 18O-labeled peptide is a practical and economical alternative to custom synthesis.
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Zhao X, Kang L, Zhang T, Chen J, Ren X, Bao Y, Cheng Y. Rapid quantification of a chemically synthesized peptide GAP162 in rat plasma by liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry and application to a pharmacokinetic study. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05188f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a promising analytical platform for the quantification of therapeutic peptide in biological fluids for pharmacokinetics (PK) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Liping Kang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs
- National Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | | | | | - Xinyi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yuanwu Bao
- DMPK Department
- BioDuro (Shanghai) Inc
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yuanguo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
- Beijing
- China
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46
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Abstract
Mass spectrometry has been widely applied in characterization and quantification of proteins from complex biological samples. Because the numbers of absolute amounts of proteins are needed in construction of mathematical models for molecular systems of various biological phenotypes and phenomena, a number of quantitative proteomic methods have been adopted to measure absolute quantities of proteins using mass spectrometry. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) coupled with internal peptide standards, i.e., the stable isotope-coded peptide dilution series, which was originated from the field of analytical chemistry, becomes a widely applied method in absolute quantitative proteomics research. This approach provides more and more absolute protein quantitation results of high confidence. As quantitative study of posttranslational modification (PTM) that modulates the biological activity of proteins is crucial for biological science and each isoform may contribute a unique biological function, degradation, and/or subcellular location, the absolute quantitation of protein PTM isoforms has become more relevant to its biological significance. In order to obtain the absolute cellular amount of a PTM isoform of a protein accurately, impacts of protein fractionation, protein enrichment, and proteolytic digestion yield should be taken into consideration and those effects before differentially stable isotope-coded PTM peptide standards are spiked into sample peptides have to be corrected. Assisted with stable isotope-labeled peptide standards, the absolute quantitation of isoforms of posttranslationally modified protein (AQUIP) method takes all these factors into account and determines the absolute amount of a protein PTM isoform from the absolute amount of the protein of interest and the PTM occupancy at the site of the protein. The absolute amount of the protein of interest is inferred by quantifying both the absolute amounts of a few PTM-site-independent peptides in the total cellular protein and their peptide yields. The PTM occupancy determination is achieved by measuring the absolute amounts of both PTM and non-PTM peptides from the highly purified protein sample expressed in transgenic organisms or directly isolated from an organism using affinity purification. The absolute amount of each PTM isoform in the total cellular protein extract is finally calculated from these two variables. Following this approach, the ion intensities given by mass spectrometers are used to calculated the peptide amounts, from which the amounts of protein isoforms are then deduced. In this chapter, we describe the principles underlying the experimental design and procedures used in AQUIP method. This quantitation method basically employs stable isotope-labeled peptide standards and affinity purification from a tagged recombinant protein of interest. Other quantitation strategies and purification techniques related to this method are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Yang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China,
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47
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An B, Zhang M, Qu J. Toward sensitive and accurate analysis of antibody biotherapeutics by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1858-66. [PMID: 25185260 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.058917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable methodological advances in the past decade have expanded the application of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis of biotherapeutics. Currently, LC/MS represents a promising alternative or supplement to the traditional ligand binding assay (LBA) in the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicokinetic studies of protein drugs, owing to the rapid and cost-effective method development, high specificity and reproducibility, low sample consumption, the capacity of analyzing multiple targets in one analysis, and the fact that a validated method can be readily adapted across various matrices and species. While promising, technical challenges associated with sensitivity, sample preparation, method development, and quantitative accuracy need to be addressed to enable full utilization of LC/MS. This article introduces the rationale and technical challenges of LC/MS techniques in biotherapeutics analysis and summarizes recently developed strategies to alleviate these challenges. Applications of LC/MS techniques on quantification and characterization of antibody biotherapeutics are also discussed. We speculate that despite the highly attractive features of LC/MS, it will not fully replace traditional assays such as LBA in the foreseeable future; instead, the forthcoming trend is likely the conjunction of biochemical techniques with versatile LC/MS approaches to achieve accurate, sensitive, and unbiased characterization of biotherapeutics in highly complex pharmaceutical/biologic matrices. Such combinations will constitute powerful tools to tackle the challenges posed by the rapidly growing needs for biotherapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo An
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.); New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.)
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.); New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.)
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.); New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.)
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48
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Quantitative immunocapture MS: current status and challenges in drug discovery. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:2335-7. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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49
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Zhang Q, Spellman DS, Song Y, Choi B, Hatcher NG, Tomazela D, Beaumont M, Tabrizifard M, Prabhavalkar D, Seghezzi W, Harrelson J, Bateman KP. Generic Automated Method for Liquid Chromatography–Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry Based Monoclonal Antibody Quantitation for Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Studies. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8776-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5019827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Incorporated, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Daniel S. Spellman
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Incorporated, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Yaoli Song
- Biologics Discovery, Merck & Co., Incorporated, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Bernard Choi
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Incorporated, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nathan G. Hatcher
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Incorporated, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Daniela Tomazela
- Biologics Discovery, Merck & Co., Incorporated, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Maribel Beaumont
- Biologics Discovery, Merck & Co., Incorporated, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Mohammad Tabrizifard
- Biologics Discovery, Merck & Co., Incorporated, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Deepa Prabhavalkar
- Biologics Discovery, Merck & Co., Incorporated, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Wolfgang Seghezzi
- Biologics Discovery, Merck & Co., Incorporated, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Jane Harrelson
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Incorporated, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Kevin P. Bateman
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Incorporated, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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50
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Yang W, Kernstock R, Simmons N, Alak A. Guanidinated protein internal standard for immunoaffinity-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry quantitation of protein therapeutics. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1489-1500. [PMID: 24861599 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A protein internal standard (IS) is essential and superior to a peptide IS to achieve reproducible results in the quantitation of protein therapeutics using immunoaffinity-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Guanidination has been used as a protein post-modification technique for more than half a century. A decade ago, the modification was applied to lysine-ending peptides to enhance their MALDI responses and peptide sequencing coverage. However, rarely has tryptic digestion of guanidinated proteins been investigated, likely due to the early conclusion that trypsin did not hydrolyze peptide bonds involving homoarginine in guanidinated proteins. In this study, the opposite was observed. Guanidinated lysine residues of proteins did not hinder the access of trypsin allowing for proteolytic digestion. Based on this observation, a new concept of internal standard, named Guanidinated Protein Internal Standard (GP-IS), was proposed for LC/MS/MS quantitation of protein therapeutics. METHODS The GP-IS is prepared by treating a portion of the therapeutic protein (analyte) with guanidine to convert arginine residues in the protein into homoarginine residues. After tryptic digestion, the GP-IS produces a series of homoarginine-ending peptides plus another series of arginine-ending peptides. One of the homoarginine-ending peptides, which corresponds to the analyte surrogate (lysine-ending) peptide, was chosen as a peptide internal standard (GP-PIS) for LC/MS/MS quantitation. RESULTS Using this GP-IS approach, a sensitive and robust immunoaffinity-LC/MS/MS assay was developed and fully validated with a linearity range from 10 to 1000 ng/mL using 200 μL of human serum for the quantitation of an Astellas protein drug in clinical development. CONCLUSIONS The proposed strategy allows LC/MS/MS to play an ever-increasing role in bioanalytical support for protein therapeutics development because of its capability of completely tracking all variations from the beginning to the end of sample analysis, easier preparation compared to isotope-labeled protein-IS, and greater flexibility for changing to alternate analyte surrogate peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchu Yang
- Bioanalysis-US, Astellas Research Institute of America, Skokie, IL, 60077, USA
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