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Miniaturized technologies for high-throughput drug screening enzymatic assays and diagnostics – A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Agarwal DK, Kushagra A, Ashwin M, Shukla AS, Palaparthy V. Sensitive detection of cardiac troponin-I protein using fabricated piezoresistive microcantilevers by a novel method of asymmetric biofunctionalization. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:115503. [PMID: 31751958 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab5a18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microcantilever-based sensor platform has attracted a lot of attention over the time in detection of a variety of molecules due to their miniaturized dimensions. Sensitivity enhancement is an important aspect of such sensors, especially when used for point-of-care diagnostic purpose. However, the major concern while operating these sensors in deflection mode is their sensitivity which mainly relies on selective chemical modification protocols employed on these sensor surfaces. One of the ways of getting better sensitivity is through asymmetric (one side) biofunctionalization of the sensor surface. In the presented work here, we have demonstrated a novel approach of asymmetric biofunctionalization of proteins in overall sensitivity enhancement of piezoresistive silicon nitride-oxide microcantilever sensor platform inside a flow chamber. Herein, using our developed surface chemistry, asymmetrically biofunctionalized microcantilevers first exhibited a greater electrical response in terms of piezoresistance change than their symmetric counterpart in the detection of human immunoglobulins (HIgGs) protein. Finally, these microcantilevers were employed to exhibit the enhanced sensitivity towards the detection of a crucial cardiac marker protein, i.e. Troponin-I (cTnI) down to 250 ng ml-1 using asymmetric biofunctionalization process. This study shows that the developed asymmetric biofunctionalization methodology may be used as a general protocol to detect other important biomarkers of clinical applications with improved sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar Agarwal
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India. Centre of Excellence in Nanoelectronics, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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3
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Murugesan C, Manivannan P, Gangatharan M. Pros and cons in prion diseases abatement: Insights from nanomedicine and transmissibility patterns. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:21-27. [PMID: 31866542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ample research progress with nanotechnology applications in health and medicine implies precision and accuracy in the scenario of neurodegenerative disorders, for which impending research in ultimate and complete cure has been the vision worldwide. The complexity of prion disease has been unravelled by scientists and demarcated for efficient abatement protocols, but which are still under research and clinical trials. Drug delivery strategies combating prion diseases across the blood brain barrier, the efficacy of drugs and biocompatibility remain a serious question to be thoroughly studied for effective diagnosis and treatment. The present review compiles comprehensively the current treatment modalities against prion diseases and future prospects of nanotechnology addressing diagnosis and treatment of prion diseases with a special emphasis on transmissibility. Further, approaches for anti-prion technology, immunotherapy, and hindrances in vaccine development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekaran Murugesan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Paramasivan Manivannan
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 24, Tamilnadu, India
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Synthesis of Fe₃C@C from Pyrolysis of Fe₃O₄-Lignin Clusters and Its Application for Quick and Sensitive Detection of PrP Sc through a Sandwich SPR Detection Assay. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030741. [PMID: 30744182 PMCID: PMC6387304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prion protein (PrPSc) has drawn widespread attention due to its pathological potential to cause prion diseases. Herein, we successfully synthesized Fe₃C@C by carbonizing Fe₃O₄-lignin clusters, which were prepared through a facile hydrogen bonding interaction between ≡Fe-OH and hydroxyl groups of lignin. Our in-depth investigation confirmed that the composites were Fe₃C@C core/shell particles. We constructed a novel sandwich surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection assay for sensitive PrPSc detection, utilizing bare gold surface and aptamer-modified Fe₃C@C (Fe₃C@C-aptamer). Due to the highly specific affinity of Fe₃C@C-aptamer towards PrPSc, the sandwich type SPR sensor exhibited excellent analytical performance towards the discrimination and quantitation of PrPSc. A good linear relationship was obtained between the SPR responses and the logarithm of PrPSc concentrations over a range of 0.1⁻200 ng/mL. The detection sensitivity for PrPSc was improved by ~10 fold compared with the SPR direct detection format. The required detection time was only 20 min. The specificity of the present biosensor was also confirmed by PrPC and other reagents as controls. This proposed approach could also be used to isolate and detect other highly pathogenic biomolecules with similar structural characteristics by altering the corresponding aptamer in the Fe₃C@C conjugates.
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Lou Z, Wan J, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhou X, Cheng S, Gu N. Quick and sensitive SPR detection of prion disease-associated isoform (PrP Sc) based on its self-assembling behavior on bare gold film and specific interactions with aptamer-graphene oxide (AGO). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 157:31-39. [PMID: 28570989 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we constructed a novel sandwich surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection assay for sensitive prion disease-associated isoform (PrPSc) detection, utilizing bare gold film and apatamer-graphene oxide (AGO). Due to the self-assembling behavior of PrPSc on gold surface, the non-modified gold surface can be directly used as sensing surface for the quick detection, for the purpose to avoid the interference from the traditional, complex and changeable probe-modified sensing surface. And due to the highly specific affinity of AGO towards PrPSc, the sandwich type SPR sensor exhibits excellent analytical performance towards the discrimination and quantitation of PrPSc. A good linear relationship was obtained between SPR responses and the logarithm of PrPSc concentrations over a range of 0.001-1ng/mL. The detection sensitivity for PrPSc was improved by ∼156 orders of AGO compared with SPR direct detection format. Besides, morphological changes of the sensing film surfaces were investigated by high resolution AFM imaging, confirming the capture of PrPSc molecules and their further specific recognition by AGO. The specificity of the present biosensor was also investigated by PrPC and other regents as controls. By compared with other reported methods, the AGO enhanced sandwich SPR assay was confirmed to be efficient, sensitive, and with wide working range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Lou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Jinfeng Wan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Haiqian Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Su Cheng
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Jana AK, Sengupta N. Aβ self-association and adsorption on a hydrophobic nanosurface: competitive effects and the detection of small oligomers via electrical response. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:269-279. [PMID: 25407676 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01845a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is impeded by the lack of effective early diagnostic methods. Small, soluble Aβ globulomers play a major role in AD neurotoxicity, and detecting their presence in aqueous fluids could lead to suitable sensors. We evaluate the adsorption behavior of small Aβ oligomers on the surface of a single walled carbon nanotube of high curvature. While the intrinsic self-assembly propensity of Aβ is markedly hindered by adsorption, the oligomeric units show high degrees of surface immobilization. Immobilized complexes are capable of oligomeric growth, but with a shifted monomer-oligomer equilibrium compared to the free states. In the presence of an ionic solution and suitable external electric fields, magnitudes of the current blockades are found to be sensitive to the oligomeric number of the adsorbed complex. However, this sensitivity gradually diminishes with increasing oligomeric size. The results provide a proof-of-concept basis for further investigations in the design of sensors for detecting the toxic small oligomers of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asis K Jana
- Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
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7
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Zhao L, Peng X, Yang S, Zhang Y, Wu J, Wei X, Li F, Pu Q. Facile real-time evaluation of the stability of surface charge under regular shear stress by pulsed streaming potential measurement. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12501d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The applicability of the pulsed streaming potential measurement for real-time evaluation of stability of assembled layers based on the relative zeta potential change rate SR was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Xianglu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Shenghong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Xuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Fengyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
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8
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Vashist SK, Lam E, Hrapovic S, Male KB, Luong JHT. Immobilization of Antibodies and Enzymes on 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane-Functionalized Bioanalytical Platforms for Biosensors and Diagnostics. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11083-130. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Vashist
- HSG-IMIT - Institut für Mikro- und Informationstechnik, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Edmond Lam
- National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | | | - Keith B. Male
- National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - John H. T. Luong
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), Department of Chemistry and Analytical, Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Mehrabani S, Maker AJ, Armani AM. Hybrid integrated label-free chemical and biological sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 14:5890-928. [PMID: 24675757 PMCID: PMC4029679 DOI: 10.3390/s140405890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Label-free sensors based on electrical, mechanical and optical transduction methods have potential applications in numerous areas of society, ranging from healthcare to environmental monitoring. Initial research in the field focused on the development and optimization of various sensor platforms fabricated from a single material system, such as fiber-based optical sensors and silicon nanowire-based electrical sensors. However, more recent research efforts have explored designing sensors fabricated from multiple materials. For example, synthetic materials and/or biomaterials can also be added to the sensor to improve its response toward analytes of interest. By leveraging the properties of the different material systems, these hybrid sensing devices can have significantly improved performance over their single-material counterparts (better sensitivity, specificity, signal to noise, and/or detection limits). This review will briefly discuss some of the methods for creating these multi-material sensor platforms and the advances enabled by this design approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Mehrabani
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Ashley J Maker
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Andrea M Armani
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Xu JJ, Zhao WW, Song S, Fan C, Chen HY. Functional nanoprobes for ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules: an update. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 43:1601-11. [PMID: 24342982 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60277j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the rapidly increasing demands for ultrasensitive biodetection, the design and applications of functional nanoprobes have attracted substantial interest for biosensing with optical, electrochemical, and various other means. In particular, given the comparable sizes of nanomaterials and biomolecules, there exists plenty of opportunities to develop functional nanoprobes with biomolecules for highly sensitive and selective biosensing. Over the past decade, numerous nanoprobes have been developed for ultrasensitive bioaffinity sensing of proteins and nucleic acids in both laboratory and clinical applications. In this review, we provide an update on the recent advances in this direction, particularly in the past two years, which reflects new progress since the publication of our last review on the same topic in Chem. Soc. Rev. The types of probes under discussion include: (i) nanoamplifier probes: one nanomaterial loaded with multiple biomolecules; (ii) quantum dots probes: fluorescent nanomaterials with high brightness; (iii) superquenching nanoprobes: fluorescent background suppression; (iv) nanoscale Raman probes: nanoscale surface-enhanced Raman resonance scattering; (v) nanoFETs: nanomaterial-based electrical detection; and (vi) nanoscale enhancers: nanomaterial-induced metal deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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11
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Visual detection of prion protein based on color complementarity principle. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 50:14-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Molecular recognition using receptor-free nanomechanical infrared spectroscopy based on a quantum cascade laser. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1111. [PMID: 23346368 PMCID: PMC3552270 DOI: 10.1038/srep01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Speciation of complex mixtures of trace explosives presents a formidable challenge for sensors that rely on chemoselective interfaces due to the unspecific nature of weak intermolecular interactions. Nanomechanical infrared (IR) spectroscopy provides higher selectivity in molecular detection without using chemoselective interfaces by measuring the photothermal effect of adsorbed molecules on a thermally sensitive microcantilever. In addition, unlike conventional IR spectroscopy, the detection sensitivity is drastically enhanced by increasing the IR laser power, since the photothermal signal comes from the absorption of IR photons and nonradiative decay processes. By using a broadly tunable quantum cascade laser for the resonant excitation of molecules, we increased the detection sensitivity by one order of magnitude compared to the use of a conventional IR monochromator. Here, we demonstrate the successful speciation and quantification of picogram levels of ternary mixtures of similar explosives (trinitrotoluene (TNT), cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN)) using nanomechanical IR spectroscopy.
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Calleja M, Kosaka PM, San Paulo Á, Tamayo J. Challenges for nanomechanical sensors in biological detection. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:4925-4938. [PMID: 22810853 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31102j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanomechanical biosensing relies on changes in the movement and deformation of micro- and nanoscale objects when they interact with biomolecules and other biological targets. This field of research has provided ever-increasing records in the sensitivity of label-free detection but it has not yet been established as a practical alternative for biological detection. We analyze here the latest advancements in the field, along with the challenges remaining for nanomechanical biosensors to become a commonly used tool in biology and biochemistry laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Calleja
- Institute of Microelectronics of Madrid, CSIC, Isaac Newton 8 (PTM), Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Joo J, Kwon D, Yim C, Jeon S. Highly sensitive diagnostic assay for the detection of protein biomarkers using microresonators and multifunctional nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2012; 6:4375-4381. [PMID: 22515817 DOI: 10.1021/nn301071c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel gravimetric immunoassay for sensitive detection of multiple protein biomarkers using silicon microcantilever arrays and multifunctional hybrid nanoparticles. Magnetic-photocatalytic hybrid nanoparticles with a highly crystalline TiO(2) shell were synthesized using a solvothermal reaction without a calcination process. After functionalizing the hybrid nanoparticles and silicon cantilevers with antibodies, the nanoparticles were used to magnetically separate target biomarkers from human serum. Frequency changes of the microcantilevers due to the binding of the nanoparticles were measured using a dip-and-dry method. Frequency changes were further amplified using a photocatalytic silver reduction reaction. Several biomarkers, including interleukin-6, interferon-γ, and alpha-fetoprotein, were selectively detected using arrays of eight silicon microcantilevers. The detection limit of this assay was ∼0.1 pg/mL, which is superior to the clinical threshold of the biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmyoung Joo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
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15
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Cagliani A, Kosaka P, Tamayo J, Davis ZJ. Monitoring the hydration of DNA self-assembled monolayers using an extensional nanomechanical resonator. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2069-2073. [PMID: 22511031 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40047b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have fabricated an ultrasensitive nanomechanical resonator based on the extensional vibration mode to weigh the adsorbed water on self-assembled monolayers of DNA as a function of the relative humidity. The water adsorption isotherms provide the number of adsorbed water molecules per nucleotide for monolayers of single stranded (ss) DNA and after hybridization with the complementary DNA strand. Our results differ from previous data obtained with bulk samples, showing the genuine behavior of these self-assembled monolayers. The hybridization cannot be inferred from the water adsorption isotherms due to the low hybridization efficiency of these highly packed monolayers. Strikingly, we efficiently detect the hybridization by measuring the thermal desorption of water at constant relativity humidity. This finding adds a new nanomechanical tool for developing a label-free nucleic acid sensor based on the interaction between water and self-assembled monolayers of nucleic acids.
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Zhang HJ, Zheng HZ, Long YJ, Xiao GF, Zhang LY, Wang QL, Gao M, Bai WJ. Gold nanoparticles as a label-free probe for the detection of amyloidogenic protein. Talanta 2012; 89:401-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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17
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Pini V, Tamayo J, Gil-Santos E, Ramos D, Kosaka P, Tong HD, van Rijn C, Calleja M. Shedding light on axial stress effect on resonance frequencies of nanocantilevers. ACS NANO 2011; 5:4269-4275. [PMID: 21553846 DOI: 10.1021/nn200623c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The detection back-action phenomenon has received little attention in physical, chemical, and biological sensors based on nanomechanical systems. We show that this effect is very significant in ultrathin bimetallic cantilevers, in which the laser beam that probes the picometer scale vibration largely modifies the resonant frequencies of the system. The light back-action effect is nonlinear, and some resonant frequencies can even be reduced to a half with laser power intensities of 2 mW. We demonstrate that this effect arises from the stress and strain generated by the laser heating. The experiments are explained by two-dimensional nonlinear elasticity theory and supported by finite element simulations. The found phenomenology is intimately connected to the old unsolved problem about the effect of surface stress on the resonance frequency of singly clamped beams. The results indicate that to achieve the ultimate detection limits with nanomechanical resonators one must consider the uncertainty due to the detection back-action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Pini
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid, CSIC, Isaac Newton 8 (PTM), Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Bellan LM, Wu D, Langer RS. Current trends in nanobiosensor technology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 3:229-46. [PMID: 21391305 PMCID: PMC4126610 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of tools and processes used to fabricate, measure, and image nanoscale objects has lead to a wide range of work devoted to producing sensors that interact with extremely small numbers (or an extremely small concentration) of analyte molecules. These advances are particularly exciting in the context of biosensing, where the demands for low concentration detection and high specificity are great. Nanoscale biosensors, or nanobiosensors, provide researchers with an unprecedented level of sensitivity, often to the single molecule level. The use of biomolecule-functionalized surfaces can dramatically boost the specificity of the detection system, but can also yield reproducibility problems and increased complexity. Several nanobiosensor architectures based on mechanical devices, optical resonators, functionalized nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, and nanofibers have been demonstrated in the lab. As nanobiosensor technology becomes more refined and reliable, it is likely it will eventually make its way from the lab to the clinic, where future lab-on-a-chip devices incorporating an array of nanobiosensors could be used for rapid screening of a wide variety of analytes at low cost using small samples of patient material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon M Bellan
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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19
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Nanoscale Techniques for Biomarker Quantification. Biomarkers 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470918562.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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von Muhlen MG, Brault ND, Knudsen SM, Jiang S, Manalis SR. Label-free biomarker sensing in undiluted serum with suspended microchannel resonators. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1905-10. [PMID: 20148583 DOI: 10.1021/ac9027356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Improved methods are needed for routine, inexpensive monitoring of biomarkers that could facilitate earlier detection and characterization of cancer. Suspended microchannel resonators (SMRs) are highly sensitive, batch-fabricated microcantilevers with embedded microchannels that can directly quantify adsorbed mass via changes in resonant frequency. As in other label-free detection methods, biomolecular measurements in complex media such as serum are challenging due to high background signals from nonspecific binding. In this report, we demonstrate that carboxybetaine-derived polymers developed to adsorb directly onto SMR SiO(2) surfaces act as ultralow fouling and functionalizable surface coatings. Coupled with a reference microcantilever, this approach enables detection of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), a model cancer biomarker, in undiluted serum with a limit of detection of 10 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio G von Muhlen
- Department of Biological Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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22
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Gil-Santos E, Ramos D, Jana A, Calleja M, Raman A, Tamayo J. Mass sensing based on deterministic and stochastic responses of elastically coupled nanocantilevers. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:4122-7. [PMID: 19775083 DOI: 10.1021/nl902350b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Coupled nanomechanical systems and their entangled eigenstates offer unique opportunities for the detection of ultrasmall masses. In this paper we show theoretically and experimentally that the stochastic and deterministic responses of a pair of coupled nanocantilevers provide different and complementary information about the added mass of an analyte and its location. This method allows the sensitive detection of minute quantities of mass even in the presence of large initial differences in the active masses of the two cantilevers. Finally, we show the fundamental limits in mass detection of this sensing paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Gil-Santos
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid-CNM (CSIC), Isaac Newton 8 (PTM), Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid
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23
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Jiayu W, Xiong W, Jiping L, Wensen L, Ming X, Linna L, Jing X, Haiying W, Hongwei G. A rapid method for detection of PrP by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Arch Virol 2009; 154:1901-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Lee SM, Hwang KS, Yoon HJ, Yoon DS, Kim SK, Lee YS, Kim TS. Sensitivity enhancement of a dynamic mode microcantilever by stress inducer and mass inducer to detect PSA at low picogram levels. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:2683-2690. [PMID: 19704984 DOI: 10.1039/b902922b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report two types of signal enhancement strategy derived from the origin of mechanical response, surface stress and mass, of the dynamic mode microcantilever for the detection of PSA at low picogram scales (low femtomolar concentration). The PSA detection at extremely low concentration levels is crucial to the early detection of relapses of prostate cancer after the radical prostatectomy and the detection of breast cancer in patient's serum. There is a clear need for the ultrasensitive detection of PSA via simple and rapid diagnostic tools. From the motives, to increase the sensitivity of the microcantilever, PSA polyclonal antibody (PSA pAb) as an additional surface stress inducer and PSA polyclonal antibody-conjugated silica nanoparticles (pAb-SiNPs) as a mass inducer have been applied to the PSA-captured microcantilevers. From two types of sandwich assay, we could confirm the sensitivity enhancement effects (2 approximately 4 times enhanced at the same concentrations) enough to detect PSA at low picogram levels (LOD of 1 pg/mL or below). Moreover, surface stress due to steric interactions between epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies was assessed to support a signal amplification strategy by stress inducer, and the reduction of signal enhancement due to stiffness increase by the mass inducer was studied to clarify the sensitivity enhancement of the microcantilever by mass inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Myung Lee
- Nano-Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Haweolgog-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
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25
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Wong LS, Khan F, Micklefield J. Selective Covalent Protein Immobilization: Strategies and Applications. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4025-53. [DOI: 10.1021/cr8004668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shin Wong
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Farid Khan
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Micklefield
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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26
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Cha BH, Lee SM, Park JC, Hwang KS, Kim SK, Lee YS, Ju BK, Kim TS. Detection of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA at femtomolar concentrations using a silica nanoparticle-enhanced microcantilever sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:130-5. [PMID: 19616931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA detection using a silica nanoparticle-enhanced dynamic microcantilever biosensor. A 243-mer nucleotide of HBV DNA precore/core region was used as the target DNA. For this assay, the capture probe on the microcantilever surface and the detection probe conjugated with silica nanoparticles were designed specifically for the target DNA. For efficient detection of the HBV target DNA using silica nanoparticle-enhanced DNA assay, the size of silica nanoparticles and the dimension of microcantilever were optimized by directly binding the silica nanoparticles through DNA hybridization. In addition, the correlation between the applied nanoparticle concentrations and the resonant frequency shifts of the microcantilever was discussed clearly to validate the quantitative relationship between mass loading and resonant frequency shift. HBV target DNAs of 23.1 fM to 2.31 nM which were obtained from the PCR product were detected using a silica nanoparticle-enhanced microcantilever. The HBV target DNA of 243-mer was detected up to the picomolar (pM) level without nanoparticle enhancement and up to the femtomolar (fM) level using a nanoparticle-based signal amplification process. In the above two cases, the resonant frequency shifts were found to be linearly correlated with the concentrations of HBV target DNAs. We believe that this linearity originated mainly from an increase in mass that resulted from binding between the probe DNA and HBV PCR product, and between HBV PCR product and silica nanoparticles for the signal enhancement, even though there is another potential factor such as the spring constant change that may have influenced on the resonant frequency of the microcantilever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hak Cha
- Nano Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
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27
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Valdés MG, Valdés González AC, García Calzón JA, Díaz-García ME. Analytical nanotechnology for food analysis. Mikrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-009-0165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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28
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Ramos D, Arroyo-Hernández M, Gil-Santos E, Duy Tong H, Van Rijn C, Calleja M, Tamayo J. Arrays of Dual Nanomechanical Resonators for Selective Biological Detection. Anal Chem 2009; 81:2274-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8024152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ramos
- Institute of Microelectronics of Madrid (IMM-CNM, CSIC), Isaac Newton 8 (PTM), Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain, and Nanosens, Berkelkade 11, NL 7201 JE Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - María Arroyo-Hernández
- Institute of Microelectronics of Madrid (IMM-CNM, CSIC), Isaac Newton 8 (PTM), Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain, and Nanosens, Berkelkade 11, NL 7201 JE Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Gil-Santos
- Institute of Microelectronics of Madrid (IMM-CNM, CSIC), Isaac Newton 8 (PTM), Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain, and Nanosens, Berkelkade 11, NL 7201 JE Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - Hien Duy Tong
- Institute of Microelectronics of Madrid (IMM-CNM, CSIC), Isaac Newton 8 (PTM), Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain, and Nanosens, Berkelkade 11, NL 7201 JE Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Van Rijn
- Institute of Microelectronics of Madrid (IMM-CNM, CSIC), Isaac Newton 8 (PTM), Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain, and Nanosens, Berkelkade 11, NL 7201 JE Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - Montserrat Calleja
- Institute of Microelectronics of Madrid (IMM-CNM, CSIC), Isaac Newton 8 (PTM), Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain, and Nanosens, Berkelkade 11, NL 7201 JE Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Tamayo
- Institute of Microelectronics of Madrid (IMM-CNM, CSIC), Isaac Newton 8 (PTM), Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain, and Nanosens, Berkelkade 11, NL 7201 JE Zutphen, The Netherlands
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29
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Jeon J, Lim DK, Nam JM. Functional nanomaterial-based amplified bio-detection strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b816690k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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31
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Kaplan M. Prions picked up by tuning fork detector. Nature 2008. [DOI: 10.1038/news.2008.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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