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Bolinsson H, Söderberg C, Herranz-Trillo F, Wahlgren M, Nilsson L. Realizing the AF4-UV-SAXS on-line coupling on protein and antibodies using high flux synchrotron radiation at the CoSAXS beamline, MAX IV. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6237-6246. [PMID: 37572213 PMCID: PMC10558385 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the coupling of synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to asymmetrical flow-field flow fractionation (AF4) for protein characterization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time AF4 is successfully coupled to a synchrotron for on-line measurements on proteins. This coupling has potentially high impact, as it opens the possibility to characterize individual constituents of sensitive and/or complex samples, not suited for separation using other techniques, and for low electron density samples where high X-ray flux is required, e.g., biomolecules and biologics. AF4 fractionates complex samples in native or close to native environment, with low shear forces and system surface area. Many orders of magnitude in size can be fractionated in one measurement, without having to reconfigure the experimental setup. We report AF4 fractionations with correlated UV and statistically adequate SAXS data of bovine serum albumin and a monoclonal antibody and evaluate SAXS data recorded for the two protein systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Bolinsson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Christopher Söderberg
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Division Bioeconomy and Health, Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Marie Wahlgren
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Nilsson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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2
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Kmita A, Lachowicz D, Żukrowski J, Gajewska M, Szczerba W, Kuciakowski J, Zapotoczny S, Sikora M. One-Step Synthesis of Long Term Stable Superparamagnetic Colloid of Zinc Ferrite Nanorods in Water. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1048. [PMID: 30934985 PMCID: PMC6480960 DOI: 10.3390/ma12071048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of spinel zinc ferrite ultrafine needle-like particles that exhibit exceptional stability in aqueous dispersion (without any surfactants) and superparamagnetic response is reported. Comprehensive structural and magnetic characterization of the particles is performed using X-ray and electron diffraction, small angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, vibrating sample magnetometry, Mössbauer spectroscopy and high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy. It reveals nearly stoichiometric ZnFe₂O₄ nanorods with mixed spinel structure and unimodal size distribution of mean length of 20 nm and diameter of 5 nm. Measurements performed in aqueous and dried form shows that particles' properties are significantly changed as a result of drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Kmita
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Dorota Lachowicz
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jan Żukrowski
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marta Gajewska
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Szczerba
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Juliusz Kuciakowski
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marcin Sikora
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
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3
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Engelke J, Brandt J, Barner-Kowollik C, Lederer A. Strengths and limitations of size exclusion chromatography for investigating single chain folding – current status and future perspectives. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00336c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic approaches for Single-Chain Nanoparticles (SCNPs) developed rapidly during the last decade, opening a multitude of avenues for the design of functional macromolecular chains able to collapse into defined nanoparticles. However, the analytical evaluation of the SCNP formation process still requires critical improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Engelke
- Polymer Separation Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Josef Brandt
- Polymer Separation Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Albena Lederer
- Polymer Separation Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
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4
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El Hadri H, Gigault J, Tan J, Hackley VA. An assessment of retention behavior for gold nanorods in asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6977-6984. [PMID: 30194453 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Applications of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) continue to expand rapidly in the fields of nanotechnology and biotechnology. In particular, AF4 has proven valuable for the separation and analysis of particles, biomolecular species (e.g., proteins, bacteria) and polymers (natural and synthetic), ranging in size from a few nanometers to several micrometers. The separation of non-spheroidal structures (e.g., rods, tubes, etc.) with primary dimensions in the nanometer regime, is a particularly challenging application deserving of greater study and consideration. The goal of the present study was to advance current understanding of the mechanism of separation of rod-like nano-objects in the AF4 channel. To achieve this, we have systematically investigated a series of commercially available cetyltrimethylammonium bromide stabilized gold nanorods (AuNRs), with aspect ratios from 1.7 to 10. Results show clearly that the retention time is principally dependent on the translational diffusion coefficient of the AuNRs. Equations used to calculate translational and rotational diffusion coefficients (cylinder and prolate ellipsoid models) yield similarly good fits to experimental data. Well characterized gold nanorods (length and diameter by transmission electron microscopy) can be used as calibrants for AF4 measurements allowing one to determine the aspect ratio of nanorod samples based on their retention times. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind El Hadri
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Julien Gigault
- French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Laboratoire Géosciences Rennes UMR6118, 263 Avenue Général Leclerc, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jiaojie Tan
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Vincent A Hackley
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
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5
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Runyon JR, Ulmius M, Nilsson L. A perspective on the characterization of colloids and macromolecules using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Nguyen TM, Gigault J, Hackley VA. PEGylated gold nanorod separation based on aspect ratio: characterization by asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation with UV-Vis detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:1651-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Lang T, Eslahian KA, Maskos M. Ion Effects in Field-Flow Fractionation of Aqueous Colloidal Polystyrene. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Development of antibody-labelled superparamagnetic nanoparticles for the visualisation of benzo[a]pyrene in porous media with magnetic resonance imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2529-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Preparation of highly dispersible and tumor-accumulative, iron oxide nanoparticles Multi-point anchoring of PEG-b-poly(4-vinylbenzylphosphonate) improves performance significantly. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 88:771-8. [PMID: 21890332 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the preparation of iron oxide nanoparticles, surface of which was coated with extremely high immobilization stability and relatively higher density of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which are referred to as PEG protected iron oxide nanoparticles (PEG-PIONs). The PEG-PIONs were obtained through alkali coprecipitation of iron salts in the presence of the PEG-poly(4-vinylbenzylphosphonate) block copolymer (PEG-b-PVBP). In this system, PEG-b-PVBP served as a surface coating that was bound to the iron oxide surface via multipoint anchoring of the phosphonate groups in the PVBP segment of PEG-b-PVBP. The binding of PEG-b-PVBP onto the iron oxide nanoparticle surface and the subsequent formation of a PEG brush layer were proved by FT-IR, zeta potential, and thermogravimetric measurements. The surface PEG-chain density of the PEG-PIONs varied depending on the [PEG-b-PVBP]/[iron salts] feed-weight ratio in the coprecipitation reaction. PEG-PIONs prepared at an optimal feed-weight ratio in this study showed a high surface PEG-chain surface density (≈0.8 chainsnm(-2)) and small hydrodynamic diameter (<50 nm). Furthermore, these PEG-PIONs could be dispersed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) that contains 10% serum without any change in their hydrodynamic diameters over a period of one week, indicating that PEG-PIONs would provide high dispersion stability under in vivo physiological conditions as well as excellent anti-biofouling properties. In fact we have confirmed the prolong blood circulation time and facilitate tumor accumulation (more than 15% IDg(-1) tumor) of PEG-PIONs without the aid of any target ligand in mouse tumor models. The majority of the PEG-PIONs accumulated in the tumor by 96 h after administration, whereas those in normal tissues were smoothly eliminated by 96 h, proving the enhancement of tumor selectivity in the PEG-PION localization. The results obtained here strongly suggest that originally synthesized PEG-b-PVBP, having multipoint anchoring character by the phosphonate groups, is rational design for improvement in nanoparticle as in vivo application. Two major points, viz., extremely stable anchoring character and dense PEG chains tethered on the nanoparticle surface, worked simultaneously to become PEG-PIONs as an ideal biomedical devices intact for prolonged periods in harsh biological environments.
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10
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Processing nanoparticles with A4F-SAXS for toxicological studies: Iron oxide in cell-based assays. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4160-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Leach RK, Boyd R, Burke T, Danzebrink HU, Dirscherl K, Dziomba T, Gee M, Koenders L, Morazzani V, Pidduck A, Roy D, Unger WES, Yacoot A. The European nanometrology landscape. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:062001. [PMID: 21212479 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/6/062001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This review paper summarizes the European nanometrology landscape from a technical perspective. Dimensional and chemical nanometrology are discussed first as they underpin many of the developments in other areas of nanometrology. Applications for the measurement of thin film parameters are followed by two of the most widely relevant families of functional properties: measurement of mechanical and electrical properties at the nanoscale. Nanostructured materials and surfaces, which are seen as key materials areas having specific metrology challenges, are covered next. The final section describes biological nanometrology, which is perhaps the most interdisciplinary applications area, and presents unique challenges. Within each area, a review is provided of current status, the capabilities and limitations of current techniques and instruments, and future directions being driven by emerging industrial measurement requirements. Issues of traceability, standardization, national and international programmes, regulation and skills development will be discussed in a future paper.
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12
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Polte J, Kraehnert R, Radtke M, Reinholz U, Riesemeier H, Thünemann AF, Emmerling F. New insights of the nucleation and growth process of gold nanoparticles via in situ coupling of SAXS and XANES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/247/1/012051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Mori K, Tanimura I, Yamashita H. Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Properties of Hollow γ-Fe2O3Spheres toward Liquid-Phase Oxidation Using Hydrogen Peroxide. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Watanabe Y, Inoko Y. Further application of size-exclusion chromatography combined with small-angle X-ray scattering optics for characterization of biological macromolecules. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1449-53. [PMID: 20811739 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Size-exclusion chromatography (gel filtration chromatography or gel permeation chromatography) in conjunction with online synchrotron radiation solution small-angle X-ray scattering optics, absorbance, and/or refractive index detectors was further assessed by application of biological macromolecules, such as the hollow sphere protein complex, apoferritin, and a linear polysaccharide, pullulan. The net X-ray scattering patterns of the eluted 24-mer molecule of apoferritin showed the specific character for the hollow spherical shape. The chromatographic (time-resolved) X-ray scattering data of the linear polysaccharide pullulan revealed the flexible chain structure during the chromatographic separation in an aqueous solution. These further applications demonstrated that the present measurement technique will be useful for not only the determination of the radius of gyration value of less than about 10 nm and molecular weight below several hundred thousand but also for the structural characterization of the various macromolecules during the chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Watanabe
- National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
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15
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Thünemann AF, Knappe P, Bienert R, Weidner S. Online coupling of field-flow fractionation with SAXS and DLS for polymer analysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2009; 1:177-182. [PMID: 32938055 DOI: 10.1039/b9ay00107g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on a hyphenated polymer analysis method consisting of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) coupled online with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). A mixture of six poly(styrene sulfonate)s with molar masses in the range of 6.5 × 103 to 1.0 × 106 g mol-1 was used as a model system for polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions with a broad molar mass distribution. A complete polymer separation and analysis was performed in 60 min. Detailed information for all polymer fractions are available on i) the radii of gyration, which were determined from the SAXS data interpretation in terms of the Debye model (Gaussian chains), and ii) the diffusion coefficients (from DLS). We recommend using the A4F-SAXS-DLS coupling as a possible new reference method for the detailed analysis of complex polymer mixtures. Advantages of the use of SAXS are seen in comparison to static light scattering for polymers with radii of gyration smaller then 15 nm, for which only SAXS produces precise analytical results on the size of the polymers in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Thünemann
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin.
| | - Patrick Knappe
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin.
| | - Ralf Bienert
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin.
| | - Steffen Weidner
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin.
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16
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Watanabe Y, Inoko Y. Size-exclusion chromatography combined with small-angle X-ray scattering optics. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7461-5. [PMID: 19269643 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Size-exclusion chromatography with on-line synchrotron radiation solution small-angle X-ray scattering optics, absorbance and/or refractive index detectors was evaluated by protein characterizations. The radius of gyration value and zero-angle scattering intensity of protein molecules eluted from the chromatography column were estimated using this measurement system. In addition, the characterization of the conformation of the eluted proteins was demonstrated for hen egg lysozyme and bovine submaxillary mucin. The present technique will be useful for not only the determination of the radius of gyration value and molecular weight of proteins with dimensions of 1-10 nm, but also for the structural characterization of the macromolecules during the chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Watanabe
- National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
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17
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Thünemann AF, Rolf S, Knappe P, Weidner S. In Situ Analysis of a Bimodal Size Distribution of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2008; 81:296-301. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802009q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F. Thünemann
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straβe 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Rolf
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straβe 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Knappe
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straβe 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Weidner
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straβe 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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