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Elliott LA, Kinsel ME, Kinsel GR. Investigations of the Equilibrium Conditions in Plumes of Laser Desorbed Sinapic Acid with Amino Acid Analytes: Influence of Sample Preparation and Matrix to Analyte Ratio. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:2321-2327. [PMID: 33103892 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The equilibrium nature of a plume of laser desorbed material is examined through the application of a previously developed thermodynamic model to the ion signals observed in 337 nm MALDI mass spectra of mixtures of the matrix sinapic acid with the amino acids alanine, valine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine. Samples are prepared using both conventional dried-droplet and solvent-free methods for comparison. The relative yield of protonated amino acid is shown to increase as the amino acid gas-phase basicity increases for both sample preparation methods. Matrix gas phase basicity values extracted from the equilibrium plots are shown to be in good agreement ([M - H+]• 876 kJ/mol and [M] 879 kJ/mol) with published experimental values supporting a mechanism wherein the protonated sinapic acid and/or the matrix radical cation act as the proton donor species. These experiments further reveal that there is a large difference in the extracted plume effective temperatures with the solvent-free method yielding lower effective temperatures as compared to the dried-droplet sample preparation, e.g., 552 K versus 1296 K, respectively, at M/A 1:1 (mole/mole). In addition, these experiments suggest that plume effective temperatures decrease as the relative amount of matrix deposited with the analyte increases, regardless of the sample preparation method. Cumulatively, these observations suggest that the crystalline solid allows more efficient transfer of the photoexcitation energy during the sample desorption step, as compared to the solvent-free sample, and/or collisional cooling is more effective for the plume of material desorbed from the solvent-free sample as compared to the conventional dried-droplet sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Elliott
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Mary E Kinsel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Gary R Kinsel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
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Bailey GA, Fogg DE. Confronting Neutrality: Maximizing Success in the Analysis of Transition-Metal Catalysts by MALDI Mass Spectrometry. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn A. Bailey
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation and Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation and Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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Fernandes C, Oliveira Moreira R, Lube LM, Horn A, Szpoganicz B, Sherrod S, Russell DH. Investigation of the interaction of iron(III) complexes with dAMP by ESI-MS, MALDI-MS and potentiometric titration: insights into synthetic nuclease behavior. Dalton Trans 2015; 39:5094-100. [PMID: 20411207 DOI: 10.1039/c000256a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the characterization by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS), matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI-MS) and potentiometric titration of three iron(III) compounds: [Fe(III)(HPClNOL)Cl2]·NO3 (1), [Cl(HPClNOL)Fe(III)-(μ-O)-Fe(III)(HPClNOL)Cl]·Cl2·H2O (2) and [(SO4)(HPClNOL)Fe(III)-(μ-O)-Fe(III)(HPClNOL)(SO4)]·6H2O (3), where HPClNOL= 1-(bis-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-amino)-3-chloropropan-2-ol). Despite the fact that the compounds have distinct structures in solid state and non-buffered solution, all compounds present similar ESI and MALDI mass spectra in a buffered medium (pH 7.0). At this pH, the species [(PClNOL)Fe(III)-(μ-O)-Fe(III)(PClNOL)](2+) (m/z 354) was observed for all the compounds under investigation. Potentiometric titration confirms a similar behavior for all compounds, indicating that the dihydroxo form [(OH)(HPClNOL)Fe(III)-(μ-O)-Fe(III)(HPClNOL)(OH)](2+) is the major species at pH 7.0, for all the compounds. The products of the interaction between compounds (1), (2) and (3) and dAMP (2'-deoxyadenosine-5'-monophosphate) in a buffered medium (pH 7.0) were identified by MALDI-MS/MS. The fragmentation data obtained by MS/MS allow one to identify the nature of the interaction between the iron(III) compounds and dAMP, revealing the direct interaction between the iron center and phosphate groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Fernandes
- Laboratorio de Ciências Químicas, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, RJ, Brazil.
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Gabriel SJ, Schwarzinger C, Schwarzinger B, Panne U, Weidner SM. Matrix segregation as the major cause for sample inhomogeneity in MALDI dried droplet spots. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:1356-1363. [PMID: 24781460 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0913-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The segregation in dried droplet MALDI sample spots was analyzed with regard to the matrix-to-sample ratio using optical microscopy, MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI MSI) and IR imaging spectroscopy. In this context, different polymer/matrix/solvent systems usually applied in the analysis of synthetic polymers were investigated. The use of typical matrix concentrations (10 mg mL⁻¹) in almost every case resulted in ring patterns, whereas higher concentrated matrix solutions always led to homogeneous sample spot layers. The data revealed that segregation is predominantly caused by matrix transport in the drying droplet, whereas polymer segregation seems to be only secondary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Gabriel
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), D-12489, Berlin, Germany
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Gabriel SJ, Pfeifer D, Schwarzinger C, Panne U, Weidner SM. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric imaging of synthetic polymer sample spots prepared using ionic liquid matrices. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:489-498. [PMID: 24497287 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Polymer sample spots for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) prepared by the dried-droplet method often reveal ring formation accompanied by possible segregation of matrix and sample molecules as well as of the polymer homologs itself. Since the majority of sample spots are prepared by this simple and fast method, a matrix or sample preparation method that excludes such segregation has to be found. METHODS Three different ionic liquid matrices based on conventionally used aromatic compounds for MALDI-TOF MS were prepared. The formation of ionic liquids was proven by (1) H NMR spectroscopy. MALDI-Imaging mass spectrometry was applied to monitor the homogeneity. RESULTS Our results show a superior sample spot homogeneity using ionic liquid matrices. Spots could be sampled several times without visible differences in the mass spectra. A frequently observed loss of matrix in the mass spectrometer vacuum was not observed. The necessary laser irradiance was reduced, which resulted in less polymer fragmentation. CONCLUSIONS Ionic liquid matrices can be used to overcome segregation, a typical drawback of conventional MALDI dried-droplet preparations. Homogeneous sample spots are easy to prepare, stable in the MS vacuum and, thereby, improve the reproducibility of MALDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Gabriel
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
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Deacon GB, Field LD, Fisher K, Jaroschik F, Kay DL, Maschmeyer T, Masters AF. Fullerene matrices in the MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopic characterisation of organometallic compounds. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Baranov EV, Fukin GK, Balashova TV, Pushkarev AP, Grishin ID, Bochkarev MN. 8-Quinolinolate complexes of yttrium and ytterbium: molecular arrangement and fragmentation under laser impact. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:15699-705. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51706c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schwarzinger C, Gabriel S, Beißmann S, Buchberger W. Quantitative analysis of polymer additives with MALDI-TOF MS using an internal standard approach. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:1120-1125. [PMID: 22451334 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
MALDI-TOF MS is used for the qualitative analysis of seven different polymer additives directly from the polymer without tedious sample pretreatment. Additionally, by using a solid sample preparation technique, which avoids the concentration gradient problems known to occur with dried droplets and by adding tetraphenylporphyrine as an internal standard to the matrix, it is possible to perform quantitative analysis of additives directly from the polymer sample. Calibration curves for Tinuvin 770, Tinuvin 622, Irganox 1024, Irganox 1010, Irgafos 168, and Chimassorb 944 are presented, showing coefficients of determination between 0.911 and 0.990.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Schwarzinger
- Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.
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Chemical and Biochemical Applications of MALDI TOF-MS Based on Analyzing the Small Organic Compounds. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 331:165-92. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kulkarni SU, Räder HJ, Thies MC. The effects of molecular weight distribution and sample preparation on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis of petroleum macromolecules. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:2799-2808. [PMID: 21913258 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To date there have been no systematic, quantitative investigations of the effect of sample preparation on the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI) mass spectrometry response for polydisperse systems. To this end, the interrelationships between sample preparation, analyte molecular weight distribution (MWD) and solubility, and signal response were investigated for mixtures of alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) oligomers, the constituents of petroleum pitch that serve as precursors for advanced carbon materials. These PAH oligomers served as a useful analyte system for study, as their solvent solubilities decrease significantly with each increasing oligomeric unit. Molecular weight standards consisting of relatively pure dimer and trimer cuts of the starting M-50 petroleum pitch were produced using a dense-gas/supercritical extraction (DGE/SCE) technique and were then used to produce oligomeric mixtures of well-defined composition for study. Both traditional, solvent-based and newer, solvent-free sample preparation methods were evaluated, and their effects on both homogeneity and signal response were determined. While solvent-free sample preparation methods produced homogeneous samples and reproducible results regardless of the MWD of the analyte, solvent-based samples that contained more than one oligomeric cut produced non-homogeneous samples and poor reproducibilities. The differing solubilities of dimer, trimer, and tetramer oligomers in a given solvent (e.g., CS(2) or toluene) were found to be the cause of the inhomogeneities observed in solvent-based sample preparation. A quantitative analysis study performed with dimer/trimer mixtures over a wide range of compositions via solvent-free sample preparation indicates that linear, reproducible calibration curves can be generated and used to calculate the molecular composition of unknown dimer/trimer mixtures with confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh U Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0909, USA
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Wyatt MF. MALDI-TOFMS analysis of coordination and organometallic complexes: a nic(h)e area to work in. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2011; 46:712-719. [PMID: 21744419 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A mini-review of the characterisation of metal-containing compounds by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) is presented. Organometallic and coordination compounds have many varied applications, most notably in industrial catalytic processes and also in the electronics and healthcare sectors. In general, the compounds discussed, be they small or large molecules, have a high percentage metal content, rather than simply containing 'a metal atom'. A brief history of the field is given, but the main scope over the last 5 years is covered in some detail. How MALDI-TOFMS compliments electrospray for metal-containing compounds is highlighted. Perspectives on recent advances, such as solvent-free and air/moisture-sensitive sample preparation, and potential future challenges and developments, such as nanomaterials and metallodrug/metallometabolite imaging, are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Wyatt
- EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre (NMSSC), Institute of Mass Spectrometry (IMS), College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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So PK, Yao ZP. Oil-Assisted Sample Preparation: A Simple Method for Analysis of Solid Samples Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5175-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2002593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Kin So
- State Key Laboratory for Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
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Urban PL, Amantonico A, Zenobi R. Lab-on-a-plate: extending the functionality of MALDI-MS and LDI-MS targets. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:435-478. [PMID: 21254192 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We review the literature that describes how (matrix-assisted) laser desorption/ionization (MA)LDI target plates can be used not only as sample supports, but beyond that: as functional parts of analytical protocols that incorporate detection by MALDI-MS or matrix-free LDI-MS. Numerous steps of analytical procedures can be performed directly on the (MA)LDI target plates prior to the ionization of analytes in the ion source of a mass spectrometer. These include homogenization, preconcentration, amplification, purification, extraction, digestion, derivatization, synthesis, separation, detection with complementary techniques, data storage, or other steps. Therefore, we consider it helpful to define the "lab-on-a-plate" as a format for carrying out extensive sample treatment as well as bioassays directly on (MA)LDI target plates. This review introduces the lab-on-plate approach and illustrates it with the aid of relevant examples from the scientific and patent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Nsouli B, Bejjani A, Negra SD, Gardon A, Thomas JP. Ion Beam Analysis and PD-MS As New Analytical Tools for Quality Control of Pharmaceuticals: Comparative Study from Fluphenazine in Solid Dosage Forms. Anal Chem 2010; 82:7309-18. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101247d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Nsouli
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission—CNRS, Airport Road, PO Box 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 rue E. Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - Alice Bejjani
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission—CNRS, Airport Road, PO Box 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 rue E. Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - Serge Della Negra
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission—CNRS, Airport Road, PO Box 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 rue E. Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - Alain Gardon
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission—CNRS, Airport Road, PO Box 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 rue E. Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Paul Thomas
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission—CNRS, Airport Road, PO Box 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 rue E. Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, 91406 Orsay, France
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Trimpin S. A perspective on MALDI alternatives-total solvent-free analysis and electron transfer dissociation of highly charged ions by laserspray ionization. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2010; 45:471-485. [PMID: 20446310 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Progress in research is hindered by analytical limitations, especially in biological areas in which sensitivity and dynamic range are critical to success. Inherent difficulties of characterization associated with complexity arising from heterogeneity of various materials including topologies (isomeric composition) and insolubility also limit progress. For this reason, we are developing methods for total solvent-free analysis by mass spectrometry consisting of solvent-free ionization followed by solvent-free gas-phase separation. We also recently constructed a novel matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) source that provides a simple, practical and sensitive way of producing highly charged ions by laserspray ionization (LSI) or singly charged ions commonly observed with MALDI by choice of matrix or matrix preparation. This is the first ionization source with such freedom-an extremely powerful analytical 'switch'. Multiply charged LSI ions allow molecules exceeding the mass-to-charge range of the instrument to be observed and permit for the first time electron transfer dissociation fragment ion analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Trimpin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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