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Meikopoulos T, Gika H, Theodoridis G, Begou O. Detection of 26 Drugs of Abuse and Metabolites in Quantitative Dried Blood Spots by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2024; 29:975. [PMID: 38474487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A method was developed for the determination of 26 drugs of abuse from different classes, including illicit drugs in quantitative dried blood spots (qDBSs), with the aim to provide a convenient method for drug testing by using only 10 μL of capillary blood. A satisfactory limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.5 ng/mL for 9 of the compounds and 5 ng/mL for 17 of the compounds and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.75 ng/mL for 9 of the compounds and 1.5 ng/mL for 17 of the compounds were achieved for all analytes. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography was applied on a C18 column coupled to MS, providing selective detections with both +ESI and -ESI modes. Extraction from the qDBS was performed using AcN-MeOH, 1:1 (v/v), with recovery ranging from 84.6% to 106%, while no significant effect of the hematocrit was observed. The studied drugs of abuse were found to be stable over five days under three different storage conditions (at ambient temperature 21 °C, at -20 °C, and at 35 °C), thus offering a highly attractive approach for drug screening by minimally invasive sampling for individuals that could find application in forensic toxicology analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Meikopoulos
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- BIOMIC_Auth, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Helen Gika
- BIOMIC_Auth, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Theodoridis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- BIOMIC_Auth, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- ThetaBiomarkers, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, 10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd., P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Begou
- BIOMIC_Auth, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- ThetaBiomarkers, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, 10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd., P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Henion J, Hao C, Eikel D, Beck O, Stambeck P. An analytical approach for on-site analysis of breath samples for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2024; 59:e4987. [PMID: 38108556 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Increased acceptance of cannabis containing the psychoactive component, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), raises concerns about the potential for impaired drivers and increased highway accidents. In contrast to the "breathalyzer" test, which is generally accepted for determining the alcohol level in a driver, there is no currently accepted roadside test for THC in a motorist. There is a need for an easily collectible biological sample from a potentially impaired driver coupled with an accurate on-site test to measure the presence and quantity of THC in a driver. A novel breath collection device is described, which includes three separate sample collectors for collecting identical A, B, and C breath samples from a subject. A simple one-step ethanol extraction of the "A" breath collector sample can be analyzed by UHPLC/selected ion monitoring (SIM) liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to provide qualitative and quantitative determination of THC in breath sample in less than 4 min for samples collected up to 6 h after smoking a cannabis cigarette. SIM LC/MS bioanalyses employed d3-THC as the stable isotope internal standard fortified in negative control breath samples for quantitation including replicates of six calibrator standards and three quality control (QC) samples. Subsequent confirmation of the same breath sample in the B collectors was then confirmed by a reference lab by LC/MS/MS analysis. Fit-for-purpose bioanalytical validation consistent with pharmaceutical regulated bioanalyses produced pharmacokinetic (PK) curves for the two volunteer cannabis smokers. These results produced PK curves, which showed a rapid increase of THC in the breath of the subjects in the first hour followed by reduced THC levels in the later time points. A simpler single-point calibration curve procedure with calibrators and QC prepared in ethanol provided similar results. Limitations to this approach include the higher cost and operator skill sets for the instrumentation employed and the inability to actually determine driver impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Henion
- Advion Interchim Scientific, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Daniel Eikel
- Advion Interchim Scientific, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Olof Beck
- Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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Alizadeh EA, Rast G, Cantow C, Schiwon J, Krause F, De Meyer GRY, Guns PJ, Guth BD, Markert M. Optimization of bioanalysis of dried blood samples. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 123:107296. [PMID: 37482323 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling has emerged as a valuable technique for understanding drug exposure and response relationships in drug development. Pharmacokinetic data are often obtained by taking multiple blood samples, which may disturb physiological parameters and complicate study designs. Wearable automatic blood sampling systems can improve this limitation by collecting dried blood samples at programmable time points without disrupting cardiovascular parameters. It is the objective of this study to evaluate the bioanalysis of DBS in comparison to conventional blood sampling techniques and to optimize the recovery of various compounds spiked into canine blood dried on filter paper tape. METHODS Incubated blood samples from Beagle dogs were spiked with 16 different compounds and half of the whole blood sample was centrifuged to obtain plasma. After the dried blood sample drops were dried, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods were used to analyze the samples. The study explored different anticoagulants, sample preparation methods and technical approaches to best determine the compound concentrations in dried blood samples. RESULTS With the two anticoagulants tested and using the optimized sample preparation methods and technical approaches we employed, the bioanalysis of dried blood samples can provide equivalent results to conventional blood sampling techniques. DISCUSSION Automated blood sampling systems have the potential to provide increased numbers of blood samples, providing substantially more Pharmacokinetic data within safety pharmacology studies without disrupting physiological parameters. They can provide a viable alternative to traditional methods of obtaining blood for various other types of studies or analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ataei Alizadeh
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, General Pharmacology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Germany
| | - Georg Rast
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, General Pharmacology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Germany
| | - Chris Cantow
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Bioanalysis Team, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Germany
| | - Jessica Schiwon
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, General Pharmacology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Germany
| | - Florian Krause
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, General Pharmacology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Germany
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Guns
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Brian D Guth
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, General Pharmacology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Germany
| | - Michael Markert
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, General Pharmacology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Germany.
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Wu J, Li Z, Chen B. Simultaneous measurement of 19 steroid hormones in dried blood spots using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:2006-2015. [PMID: 37057591 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay02009b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and accurate ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the measurement of 19 steroid hormones in dried blood spots and to achieve the highly traceable analysis of steroid hormones in dried blood samples. In this method, a BEH C8 column and UPLC-MS/MS were used for the separation of the steroid hormones. The extraction process was simple and accurate. The distribution ranges of 19 steroid hormones in four healthy individuals (2 males and 2 females) were determined simultaneously by positive ionization mode (ESI+) and negative ionization mode (ESI-) analysis, which were recorded by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. The linearity of the standard curves of 19 steroid hormones in dried blood spots was good, and the linear correlation coefficients R2 were all ≥0.997. Meanwhile, the matrix effect of the method ranged from 87.1% to 131.3%. Across the analytical range, the inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was <12.07% and the intra-assay CV was <18.16%. The spiked recovery was >67.33%. The distribution ranges of 19 steroid hormones in four healthy individuals were in agreement with those in previous reports. A UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous measurement of 19 steroid hormones in dried blood spots was developed to achieve traceable analysis of steroid hormones in dried blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zenghe Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Baorong Chen
- Laboratory Diagnosis Department, Beijing Kingmed Diagnostics, Beijing 100103, China.
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Naguib IA, Majed M, Albogami M, Alshehri M, Bukhari A, Alshabani H, Alsalahat I, Abd-ElSalam HAH. Greenness Assessment of HPLC Analytical Methods with Common Detectors for Assay of Paracetamol and Related Materials in Drug Products and Biological Fluids. SEPARATIONS 2023; 10:283. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10050283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol is one of the most widely consumed analgesic and antipyretic medications worldwide. It is frequently analyzed in many quality control (QC) laboratories in pharmaceutical companies, either in raw materials or drug products. It was reported that paracetamol self-toxicity often occurs, leading to the frequent analysis of paracetamol in toxicological centers in biological fluids. Green analytical chemistry (GAC) is growing to be a global philosophy; therefore, the high frequency of paracetamol analysis poses potential concerns. Chromatographic analytical methods used for the daily analysis of paracetamol could be a potential risk to the environment or the health of the analysts if not thoroughly considered. The presented study aims to establish greenness assessments of nine HPLC methods used to assay paracetamol in raw materials and drug products and twenty-one HPLC methods. The reason for selecting HPLC methods of analysis to be the core of the study is the known reproducibility, reliability and availability in most QC laboratories. The most commonly used metric systems for greenness evaluation are the Analytical GREEnness (AGREE), the eco-scale assessment (ESA) and the national environmental methods index (NEMI) which have been used in this comparative study. The greenest chromatographic method for the analysis of paracetamol in raw materials and drug products was introduced by Rao et al. (the obtained scores were ESA = 76 and AGREE = 0.62, while the greenest chromatographic method for the analysis of paracetamol in biological fluids was proposed by Modick et al.). The obtained scores were ESA = 85 and AGREE = 0.7. The NEMI tool proved to have limited performance compared to other metric systems, hence it could not be used alone. Accordingly, the collaboration of NEMI results with ESA and AGREE for greenness assessment is highly recommended to reach appropriate conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meral Majed
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Albogami
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Alshehri
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aseel Bukhari
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Alshabani
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Izzeddin Alsalahat
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 1TP, UK
| | - Heba-Alla H. Abd-ElSalam
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo 11786, Egypt
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Desire CT, Arrua RD, Strudwick XL, Kopecki Z, Cowin AJ, Hilder EF. The development of microfluidic-based western blotting: Technical advances and future perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1691:463813. [PMID: 36709548 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades significant technical advancement in the field of western blotting has been made possible through the utilization of microfluidic technologies. In this review we provide a critical overview of these advancements, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Particular attention is paid to the development of now commercially available systems, including those for single cell analysis. This review also discusses more recent developments, including algorithms for automation and/or improved quantitation, the utilization of different materials/chemistries, use of projection electrophoresis, and the development of triBlots. Finally, the review includes commentary on future advances in the field based on current developments, and the potential of these systems for use as point-of-care devices in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Desire
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - R Dario Arrua
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Xanthe L Strudwick
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Emily F Hilder
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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Abstract
Regular monitoring of various biomarkers and molecular panels in plasma can significantly help to prevent disease onset and improve its management and final outcomes. Many groups can benefit from monitoring programs focusing on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, evaluation of environmental exposure impacts, or the prevention/management of cancer. Improvement in therapeutic options in part due to targeted therapeutic agents and monoclonal antibody therapies has led to a significant sized population that can be described as "cancer survivors." These patients, although in remission from their original disease, are at significant risk for the recurring disease and must be monitored for adverse events. Monitoring is, however, not an easy task; requiring a high level of complexity in lab facilities and blood/plasma sampling, collection, and storage must occur under tightly controlled conditions. These demanding circumstances are especially difficult to attain in rural areas and in historically marginalized populations. The Telimmune Plasma Separation Card (TPS card or TPSC) has been developed to enable diagnostic plasma sampling, collection, and stabilization in locations that may be remote to laboratory or clinic. The TPSC requires a drop of blood applied to a top of a separation system consisting of a separation membrane and collection disk. In 3 min, the TPSC device separates plasma from erythrocytes and deposits a defined volume of plasma into a collection disc which is air-dried for 15 min to deliver a stabilized, volumetric plasma sample, which may be stored or shipped at ambient temperatures with minimal biological risk. Extraction of proteins and metabolites is then achieved in well-equipped laboratories using protocols discussed in this chapter.
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Cheng CN, Peng YF, Chen JY, Chen GY, Weng TI, Kuo CH. Development of the dried blood spot preparation protocol for comprehensive evaluation of the hematocrit effect. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340650. [PMID: 36628747 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The application of dried blood spots (DBS) has gradually increased in different fields because of its several advantages. The hematocrit (Hct) effect is one major analytical challenge that may affect the quantification accuracy of DBS samples and should be investigated when developing a novel DBS method. However, previous studies usually overlooked the Hct-related distribution bias when evaluating the Hct effect. This study aimed to propose an effective DBS preparation protocol for the comprehensive evaluation of the Hct effect. We selected voriconazole and posaconazole as the demonstration drugs. Fifteen microliters of the blood samples were spotted on DBS cards followed by whole spot extraction. An LC-MS/MS method was first developed to quantify voriconazole and posaconazole in DBS samples. The quantitation accuracy for both azole drugs was within 93.5%-111.7%, except for the accuracies of posaconazole at the LLOQ, which were less than 119%. The intra- and interday precision were below 11%. The validated LC-MS/MS method was used to develop the DBS preparation protocol for evaluating the Hct effect. Three critical parameters that may affect the observed Hct effect were investigated. The results showed that using the solid-state of the target analytes, spiking the target analytes before preparing different Hct levels, and allowing enough equilibrium time after spiking target analytes can provide a more holistic Hct effect evaluation. The validity of the proposed new protocol was verified by conversion factors obtained from 71 paired DBS and plasma samples. Conversion factors calculated by clinical samples were consistent with the Hct effect evaluated by manually prepared DBS samples. This new DBS preparation protocol eliminated the common pitfalls in studying the Hct effect and offered a comprehensive strategy to assess the Hct effect for further DBS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ning Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fong Peng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yuan Chen
- Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-I Weng
- Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Boffel L, Delahaye L, De Baerdemaeker L, Stove CP. Application of a Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS)-Based Method for the Determination of Paracetamol and Four of its Metabolites as a Tool for Pharmacokinetic Studies in Obese and Non-Obese Patients. Clin Pharmacokinet 2022; 61:1719-1733. [PMID: 36451028 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-022-01187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of a drug is influenced by several factors, which can lead to a suboptimal dosing regimen in specific patient populations. As obesity becomes increasingly prevalent, it is important that optimized dosing schemes are available for these patients. To set up such dosing schemes, PK studies should be performed in this population. Regarding paracetamol (acetaminophen [APAP]), obese patients would benefit from a tailored dosing scheme, as both the volume of distribution and metabolism are increased compared with non-obese patients. This includes metabolism by cytochrome P450 2E1, which is involved in APAP-associated hepatotoxicity. To decrease the burden for patients in these PK studies, finger-prick sampling could be used. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the quantitative determination of APAP and four metabolites in different blood-based matrices and to determine if capillary dried blood samples, collected directly following finger-prick, could serve as a tool to investigate APAP PK in obese and non-obese patients. METHODS In this study, we performed a clinical validation of methods for the determination of APAP and four of its metabolites (APAP-glucuronide, APAP-sulfate, APAP-mercapturate, and APAP-cysteine) in blood, plasma, and dried blood. The latter was obtained by volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS), either starting from the venous blood or collected directly following a finger-prick. Results were compared between the different matrices and, in addition, blood:plasma (B:P) ratios were determined for the different analytes. RESULTS Liquid and dried venous blood results were in good agreement. Furthermore, differences between capillary (finger-prick) and venous VAMS blood samples remained limited for most analytes. However, for APAP-cysteine, caution should be paid to the interpretation of concentrations in (dried) blood. With the exception of APAP, concentrations were higher in plasma compared with blood, with B:P ratios ranging between 0.52 and 0.65. A time-dependent change in median B:P ratio was observed for APAP and APAP-cysteine. Additionally, a time-dependent trend was seen for APAP, as well as for APAP-glucuronide and APAP-mercapturate, for the distribution between capillary and venous blood. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that finger-prick sampling is a viable alternative to conventional venous blood sampling to investigate the PK of APAP and its metabolites in obese and non-obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Boffel
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisa Delahaye
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Christophe P Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Mazzarino M, Di Costanzo L, Comunità F, Stacchini C, de la Torre X, Botrè F. UHPLC-HRMS Method for the Simultaneous Screening of 235 Drugs in Capillary Blood for Doping Control Purpose: Comparative Evaluation of Volumetric and Non-volumetric Dried Blood Spotting Devices. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31845-31868. [PMID: 36119994 PMCID: PMC9475635 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a quick and simple multi-targeted analytical workflow based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry for the screening in dried blood spots and dried plasma spots of a wide variety of drugs with different chemical properties. Seven different microsampling devices were evaluated in view of their application for the detection of the selected target analytes in the framework of doping control analysis. The extraction of the analytes was optimized by assessing the efficacy of protocols based on ultrasonication with aqueous buffers and/or organic solvents of different polarities. Optimal recoveries were obtained by using pure methanol or mixtures of methanol/acetonitrile and methanol/isopropanol, depending on both the device and the target analytes. The method was fully validated according to both ISO17025 and the requirements of the World Anti-Doping Agency: all the analytes were clearly distinguishable from the matrix, with limits of detection in the range of 0.1-3.0 ng mL-1. Stability studies simulating the storage of samples before the analysis and in view of a possible re-analysis showed that most of the analytes were stable for at least 24 h at 50 °C and for at least 3 weeks at 25 and at 4 °C. The real applicability of the method was assessed by analyzing the samples collected after the administration of two model drugs, acetazolamide and deflazacort. The performance of the method was confirmed to be fit for purpose, and data obtained in blood can also be used to complement those available in urine, allowing to refine the knowledge concerning the pharmacokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mazzarino
- Laboratorio
Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva
Italiana, Largo Giulio
Onesti, 1, 00197 Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Di Costanzo
- Laboratorio
Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva
Italiana, Largo Giulio
Onesti, 1, 00197 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Comunità
- Laboratorio
Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva
Italiana, Largo Giulio
Onesti, 1, 00197 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlotta Stacchini
- Laboratorio
Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva
Italiana, Largo Giulio
Onesti, 1, 00197 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento
Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, “Sapienza”
Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Xavier de la Torre
- Laboratorio
Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva
Italiana, Largo Giulio
Onesti, 1, 00197 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Botrè
- Laboratorio
Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva
Italiana, Largo Giulio
Onesti, 1, 00197 Rome, Italy
- REDs—Research
and Expertise in Anti-Doping Sciences, ISSUL—Institute of Sport
Sciences, University of Lausanne, Synathlon—Quartier Centre, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Dried urine spot and dried blood spot sample collection for rapid and sensitive monitoring of exposure to ricin and abrin by LC–MS/MS analysis of ricinine and l-abrine. Forensic Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2022.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Allaway D, Alexander JE, Carvell-Miller LJ, Reynolds RM, Winder CL, Weber RJM, Lloyd GR, Southam AD, Dunn WB. Suitability of Dried Blood Spots for Accelerating Veterinary Biobank Collections and Identifying Metabolomics Biomarkers With Minimal Resources. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:887163. [PMID: 35812865 PMCID: PMC9258959 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.887163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarker discovery using biobank samples collected from veterinary clinics would deliver insights into the diverse population of pets and accelerate diagnostic development. The acquisition, preparation, processing, and storage of biofluid samples in sufficient volumes and at a quality suitable for later analysis with most suitable discovery methods remain challenging. Metabolomics analysis is a valuable approach to detect health/disease phenotypes. Pre-processing changes during preparation of plasma/serum samples may induce variability that may be overcome using dried blood spots (DBSs). We report a proof of principle study by metabolite fingerprinting applying UHPLC-MS of plasma and DBSs acquired from healthy adult dogs and cats (age range 1–9 years), representing each of 4 dog breeds (Labrador retriever, Beagle, Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen, and Norfolk terrier) and the British domestic shorthair cat (n = 10 per group). Blood samples (20 and 40 μL) for DBSs were loaded onto filter paper, air-dried at room temperature (3 h), and sealed and stored (4°C for ~72 h) prior to storage at −80°C. Plasma from the same blood draw (250 μL) was prepared and stored at −80°C within 1 h of sampling. Metabolite fingerprinting of the DBSs and plasma produced similar numbers of metabolite features that had similar abilities to discriminate between biological classes and correctly assign blinded samples. These provide evidence that DBSs, sampled in a manner amenable to application in in-clinic/in-field processing, are a suitable sample for biomarker discovery using UHPLC-MS metabolomics. Further, given appropriate owner consent, the volumes tested (20–40 μL) make the acquisition of remnant blood from blood samples drawn for other reasons available for biobanking and other research activities. Together, this makes possible large-scale biobanking of veterinary samples, gaining sufficient material sooner and enabling quicker identification of biomarkers of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Allaway
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: David Allaway
| | - Janet E. Alexander
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J. Carvell-Miller
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon M. Reynolds
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine L. Winder
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf J. M. Weber
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin R. Lloyd
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Southam
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Warwick B. Dunn
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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13
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Parallel Reaction Monitoring Mode for Atenolol Quantification in Dried Plasma Spots by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we reported a rapid, sensitive, robust, and validated method for atenolol quantification in dried plasma spots (DPS) by liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) using parallel reaction monitoring mode (PRM). Aliquots of 25 µL human plasma were placed onto Whatman 903 Cards and air-dried. Disks (3.2 mm internal diameter) were punched, and a 100 µL working internal standard solution was added to each sample and then incubated on a shaker for 15 min at 40 °C, followed by rapid centrifugation (10,000× g, 10 s). The supernatant was transferred into 300 µL vials for subsequent LC–HRMS analysis. After chromatographic separation, atenolol and the internal standard were quantified in positive-ion parallel reaction monitoring mode by detection of all target product ions at 10 ppm tolerances. The total time of the analysis was 5 min. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 5–1000 ng/mL with interday and intraday precision levels and biases of <14.4%, and recovery was 62.9–81.0%. The atenolol in DPS was stable for ≥30 days at 25 and 4 °C. This fully validated method is selective and suitable for atenolol quantitation in DPS using LC–HRMS.
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14
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Samsonova JV, Saushkin NY, Osipov AP. Dried Samples of Biological Fluids on Porous Membranes as a Promising Sample Preparation Method for Biomedical and Veterinary Diagnostics. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Boutou E, Virgiliou C, Seliniotaki AK, Lithoxopoulou M, Mataftsi A, Ziakas N, Diamanti E, Raikos N, Gika H. A hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography - Tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of phenylephrine in dried blood spots from preterm infants. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1190:123084. [PMID: 35032892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and accurate hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry method (HILIC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the determination of phenylephrine concentration in Dried Blood Spot (DBS) samples from preterm infants, after ocular administration of an ophthalmic solution with phenylephrine. Sample preparation involved the extraction of the analyte from an 85 μL DBS sample with methanol - acetonitrile (50:50, v/v). Chromatographic separation was achieved on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH AMIDE column, under isocratic conditions within a 5 min run. Detection was achieved with a triple quadrupole MS applying electrospray ionization in positive mode. The method was fully validated and proved precise and accurate with in a linear range of 0.59-3.53 ng/ml in blood. The method was developed to provide insights on the level of exposure of infant population to phenylephrine after ocular administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boutou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Virgiliou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A K Seliniotaki
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Lithoxopoulou
- 2nd Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Mataftsi
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N Ziakas
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Diamanti
- 2nd Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N Raikos
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - H Gika
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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16
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Delahaye L, Baerdemaeker LD, Stove CP. Determination of paracetamol and its metabolites via LC-MS/MS in dried blood volumetric absorptive microsamples: A tool for pharmacokinetic studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 206:114361. [PMID: 34508925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP) is the most frequently used analgesic and antipyretic worldwide. Nonetheless, APAP induced hepatotoxicity is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the western world. This hepatotoxicity is related to the metabolism of APAP, via the formation of the electrophilic oxidation product N-acetyl-para-benzoquinone imine. To investigate differences in APAP metabolism in specific patient populations and to optimize dosing regimens, quantification of metabolites from the different metabolic pathways is needed to perform pharmacokinetic (PK) studies. For this purpose, sensitive and short liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods were developed for the quantitation of APAP and four of its metabolites (APAP-glucuronide, APAP-sulfate, APAP-mercapturate, and APAP-cysteine) in plasma, whole blood and dried blood microsamples collected via 10 µL volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) devices. The methods were successfully validated based on internationally accepted guidelines (EMA, FDA), encompassing selectivity, evaluation of the calibration model, matrix effect and recovery, accuracy and precision, stability, and dilution integrity. In addition, for the VAMS samples, the effect of the hematocrit on the recovery was evaluated. Successful application on whole blood and plasma, as well as on VAMS samples prepared from venous or capillary blood of patients, demonstrated that the methods were fit-for-purpose and can be used for future PK studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Delahaye
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Christophe P Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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17
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Alemón-Medina R, Altamirano-Bustamante N, Lugo-Goytia G, García-Álvarez R, Rivera-Espinosa L, Torres-Espíndola LM, Chávez-Pacheco JL, Juárez-Olguín H, Gómez-Garduño J, Flores-Pérez C, Fernández-Pérez PG. Comparative Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics Between the Solid Form of Metformin vs a Novel Liquid Extemporaneous Formulation in Children. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211033140. [PMID: 34602916 PMCID: PMC8481739 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211033140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin pharmacokinetics in a liquid extemporaneous formulation from commercial tablets was determined in paediatric patients. A randomized, transversal clinical trial was conducted in 34 children and adolescents between 7 and 17 years of age. 17 children were randomized to take metformin in the liquid formulation and, after a 1-week wash period, a 500 mg metformin tablet was administered to them. Blood samples were obtained in Whatman 903® cards at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours. Extraction was made by direct precipitation with acetonitrile (ACN) and methanol, detection by UPLC and tandem mass spectrometry. The method was accurate, precise, selective and linear from 50 to 1000 ng/mL (r = .9982). Comparative pharmacokinetics, tablet vs formulation, were as follows: Cmax 1503.2 ng/mL vs 1521.4, Tmax 1.5 h vs 2.3, and half-life 8.2 vs 7.5 h. The liquid formulation of metformin showed similar pharmacokinetics to the tablet, and the ratios (90% CI) of geometric mean for metformin were 100.63% (89.13–113.6), 98.08% (88.04–109.2), and 97.52% (84.9–112.01), for Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC 0-∞, respectively. Pharmacokinetics was determined using WinNonlin Pro 3.1 software. The liquid formulation of metformin showed similar pharmacokinetics to the tablet, allowing a more precise dose adjustment and ease of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radamés Alemón-Medina
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pediatrics (NIP), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gustavo Lugo-Goytia
- Anaesthesiology and Critical Medicine Department, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raquel García-Álvarez
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pediatrics (NIP), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Hugo Juárez-Olguín
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pediatrics (NIP), Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carmen Flores-Pérez
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pediatrics (NIP), Mexico City, Mexico
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18
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Waechter SR, Bizzi CA, Pedrotti MF, Barin JS, Duarte FA. Dried Blood Spot and Microwave-Induced Combustion in Disposable Vessels: A Successful Combination for Halogen Determination. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. Waechter
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cezar A. Bizzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus F. Pedrotti
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, 97550-000, Feliz, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliano S. Barin
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio A. Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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19
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Rodríguez-Saldaña V, Fobil J, Basu N. Lead (Pb) exposure assessment in dried blood spots using Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:110444. [PMID: 33186577 PMCID: PMC8107194 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure is often determined through the analysis of whole blood though venipuncture poses ethical, economic, and logistical barriers. Dried Blood Spots (DBS) may help overcome such barriers though past studies measuring Pb in DBS have been challenged with quality control, small sample volumes, and other issues. Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) may help address some of these challenges but has yet to be used to measure Pb in DBS. As such, the aim of the current study was to develop, validate, and apply a method to analyze Pb in DBS samples using TXRF for use in human biomonitoring studies. First, we developed a novel method (tested a range of parameters), and then used blood reference materials to validate the method against performance criteria listed in ICH Q2A and Q2B and the European Bioanalysis Forum. Finally, we applied the method to two populations who exemplify divergent conditions (41 university members with relatively low Pb exposures sampled in a clinical environment; 40 electronic waste workers with relatively high Pb exposures sampled in a contaminated field setting). The limits of detection and quantification of the method were 0.28 and 0.69 μg/dL, respectively. The overall precision and accuracy of the method were 15% and 111%, respectively. The mean (±SD) DBS Pb levels by TXRF in the university members and e-waste workers were 0.78 (±0.46) and 3.78 (±3.01) μg/dL, respectively, and these were not different from Pb measures in venous whole blood using ICP-MS. Bland-Altman plot analyses indicated good agreement between DBS Pb measures by TXRF versus whole blood Pb measures by ICP-MS in both groups. By combining data from the two population groups, there was no significant constant bias (intercept of 0.02 μg/dL) or proportional bias (slope was -0.02) between the two measures, and the lower and upper LoA were -0.86 and 0.91 μg/dL, respectively, with a LoA range of 1.77 μg/dL. These results demonstrate that TXRF-based analysis of Pb content in DBS is a good alternative to the gold standard (i.e., ICP-MS analysis of whole blood), and helps overcome some of the challenges associated with current methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Rodríguez-Saldaña
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Julius Fobil
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Science, University of Ghana School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada.
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20
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Agu L, Skiles JL, Masters AR, Renbarger JL, Chow DSL. Simultaneous quantification of vincristine and its major M1 metabolite from dried blood spot samples of Kenyan pediatric cancer patients by UPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114143. [PMID: 34111732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vincristine (VCR) is an integral part of chemotherapy regimens in the US and in developing countries. There is a paucity of information about its disposition and optimal therapeutic dosing. VCR is preferentially metabolized to its major M1 metabolite by the polymorphic CYP3A5 enzyme, which may be clinically significant as CYP3A5 expression varies across populations. Thus, it is important to monitor both VCR and M1 and characterize their dispositions. A previously developed HPLC-MS/MS method for VCR quantification was not sensitive enough to quantify the M1 metabolite beyond 1 h post VCR dose (not published). Establishing a highly sensitive assay is a pre-requisite to simultaneously quantify and monitor VCR and M1, which will enable characterization of drug exposure and dispositions of both analytes in a pediatric cancer population. The addition of formic acid during the extraction process enhanced M1 extraction from DBS samples. A sensitive, accurate, and precise UPLC-MS/MS assay method for the simultaneous quantification of VCR and M1 from human dried blood spots (DBS) was developed and validated. Chromatographic separation was performed on Inertsil ODS-3 C18 column (5 μm, 3.0 × 150 mm). A gradient elution of mobile phase A (methanol-0.2 % formic acid in water, 20:80 v/v) and mobile phase B (methanol-0.2 % formic acid in water, 80:20 v/v) was used with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min and a total run time of 5 min. The analytes were ionized by electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode. The linearity range for both analytes in DBS were 0.6-100 ng/mL for VCR and 0.4-100 ng/mL for M1. The intra- and inter-day accuracies for VCR and M1 were 93.10-117.17 % and 95.88-111.21 %, respectively. While their intra- and inter-day precisions were 1.05-10.11 % and 5.78-8.91 %, respectively. The extraction recovery of VCR from DBS paper was 35.3-39.4 % and 10.4-13.4 % for M1, with no carryover observed for both analytes. This is the first analytical method to report the simultaneous quantification of VCR and M1 from human DBS. For the first time, concentrations of M1 from DBS patient samples were obtained beyond 1 h post VCR dose. The developed method was successfully employed to monitor both compounds and perform pharmacokinetic analysis in a population of Kenyan pediatric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorita Agu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jodi L Skiles
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrea R Masters
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jamie L Renbarger
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Diana S-L Chow
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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Barr DB, Kannan K, Cui Y, Merrill L, Petrick LM, Meeker JD, Fennell TR, Faustman EM. The use of dried blood spots for characterizing children's exposure to organic environmental chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110796. [PMID: 33508256 PMCID: PMC7988293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring is a commonly used tool for exposure assessment of organic environmental chemicals with urine and blood samples being the most commonly used matrices. However, for children's studies, blood samples are often difficult to obtain. Dried blood spots (DBS) represent a potential matrix for blood collection in children that may be used for biomonitoring. DBS are typically collected at birth to screen for several congenital disorders and diseases; many of the states that are required to collect DBS archive these spots for years. If the archived DBS can be accessed by environmental health researchers, they potentially could be analyzed to retrospectively assess exposure in these children. Furthermore, DBS can be collected prospectively in the field from children ranging in age from newborn to school-aged with little concern from parents and minimal risk to the child. Here, we review studies that have evaluated the measurement of organic environmental toxicants in both archived and prospectively collected DBS, and where available, the validation procedures that have been performed to ensure these measurements are comparable to traditional biomonitoring measurements. Among studies thus far, the amount of validation has varied considerably with no studies systematically evaluating all parameters from field collection, shipping and storage contamination and stability to laboratory analysis feasibility. These validation studies are requisite to ensure reliability of the measurement and comparability to more traditional matrices. Thus, we offer some recommendations for validation studies and other considerations before DBS should be adopted as a routine matrix for biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Boyd Barr
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuxia Cui
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Lauren M Petrick
- The Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Elaine M Faustman
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Seattle, WA, USA
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22
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The Development of a Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Method for Apixaban Quantification in Dried Plasma Spots in Parallel Reaction Monitoring Mode. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed at developing and validating a rapid, sensitive, and robust method of liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) in parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode for apixaban quantification in dried plasma spots (DPSs) with a simple extraction procedure. A 25 µL sample of human plasma was placed onto Whatman 903 Protein Saver Cards and allowed to dry; 3.2 mm diameter disks were cut out from DPSs using a puncher, and 100 µL of a working internal standard solution was added to each sample. After this, they were vortexed on a shaker for 15 min at 800 rpm and 40 °C and quick centrifugation (10,000× g, 10 s), and then the extracts were transferred into a 300 µL vial for LC–HRMS. Data were acquired in PRM mode via detection of all target product ions with 10 ppm tolerance. Total analysis time was 5 min. The LC–HRMS method was validated for the 10–400 ng/mL range with R2 > 0.99. Within this range, intra- and interday variability of precision and accuracy was <10%, and recovery was 69.7–85.1%. Apixaban was stable after brief storage at room temperature, and at 4 °C for up to a month. The method development and validation results proved that this LC–HRMS assay of apixaban in DPSs is selective and robust.
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23
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In vitro testing of the hemaPEN microsampling device for the quantification of acetaminophen in human blood. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1725-1737. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The hemaPEN is a liquid microsampling device for the reproducible collection and storage of blood samples as dried blood spots, for subsequent quantitative analysis. Materials & methods: We examined the device’s ability to collect accurate and precise blood volumes, at different hematocrit levels, via in vitro studies using acetaminophen in human blood. We also investigated the impact of different user training approaches on device performance. Results: The hemaPEN demonstrated acceptable volumetric accuracy and precision, regardless of the training medium used. Issues with apparent hematocrit-dependent bias were found to be associated with the extraction process, rather than the volumetric performance of the device. Conclusion: The hemaPEN is capable of readily producing high quality blood microsamples for reproducible and accurate quantitative bioanalysis.
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Navale AM, Patel VR, Tandel FB. Chromatographic method for estimation of vitamin E from dried blood spot sample. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
We developed a selective bioanalytical RP-HPLC method for estimation of vitamin E from dried blood spot (DBS) sample, a potential technique which can be used for population-based epidemiological studies. Vitamin E was extracted from DBS by using liquid-liquid extraction technique with methanol (100% v/v) as reconstituting solvent for the residue. Alpha tocopheryl acetate was used as internal standard. Samples were analyzed directly on HPLC with C18 (250 × 4.6 mm × 5 μm) Phenomenex column. The mobile phase used was methanol to water (99:1% v/v) at a flow rate of 1.4 mL/min. The detector wavelength used was 292 nm.
Results
The retention time observed for vitamin E and internal standard was 10.225 ± 0.00075 min and 13.580 ± 0.00075 min respectively. The vitamin E calibration curve was found to be linear over the range of 0.625 to 60 μg/mL. The limit of quantification for vitamin E was found to be 0.1 μg/mL. Accuracy of the developed method was found to be 103.179%, 101.625%, and 100.174% with percentage of coefficient of variation of 0.0161, 0.0215, and 0.2790 for HQC, MQC, and LQC samples respectively which were within USFDA acceptance limit of ± 15 to ± 20%.The intraday and interday precision expressed as coefficient of variation were 0.0191–0.0841% and 0.0074–0.0252% respectively.
Conclusions
The method represents a simple, rapid, specific, accurate, and precise method for estimation of vitamin E in human blood using DBS technique. The developed method can be further evaluated with respect to effect of matrix variability before it can be used in clinical setting.
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25
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Gao J, Low KHJ, Chen Y, Tai ES, Chung T, Drum CL. High recovery, point‐of‐collection plasma separation from blood using electrospun polyacrylonitrile membranes. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Kwee Hiang Jackson Low
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University Changsha China
| | - E. Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Tai‐Shung Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Chester Lee Drum
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
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Furse S, Koulman A. Lipid extraction from dried blood spots and dried milk spots for untargeted high throughput lipidomics. Mol Omics 2020; 16:563-572. [PMID: 32945330 DOI: 10.1039/d0mo00102c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS) and dried milk spots (DMS) represent convenient matrices for collecting and storing human samples. However, the use of these sample types for researching lipid metabolism remains relatively poorly explored, and especially unclear is the efficiency of lipid extraction in the context of high throughput, untargeted lipidomics. A visual inspection of punched DBSs after standard extraction suggests that the samples remain largely intact. DMSs comprise a dense aggregate of milk fat globules on one side of the card, suggesting that part of the lipid fraction may be physically inaccessible. This led us to the hypothesis that decoagulating may facilitate lipid extraction from both DBSs and DMSs. We tested this hypothesis using a mixture of strong chaeotropes (guanidine and thiourea) in both DBS and DMS in the context of high throughput lipidomics (96/384w plate). Extraction of lipids from DMSs was tested with established extractions and one novel solvent mixture in a high throughput format. We found that exposure of DBSs to chaeotropes facilitated collection of the lipid fraction but was ineffective for DMSs. The lipid fraction of DMSs was best isolated without water, using a mixture of xylene/methanol/isopropanol (1 : 2 : 4). We conclude that decoagulation is essential for efficient extraction of lipids from DBSs and that a non-aqueous procedure using a spectrum of solvents is the best procedure for extracting lipids from DMSs. These methods represent convenient steps that are compatible with the sample structure and type, and with high throughput lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Furse
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Box 289, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Quality Assessment of Dried Blood Spots from Patients With Tuberculosis from 4 Countries. Ther Drug Monit 2020; 41:714-718. [PMID: 31169760 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is a blood collection tool that uses a finger prick to obtain a blood drop on a DBS card. It can be used for therapeutic drug monitoring, a method that uses blood drug concentrations to optimize individual treatment. DBS sampling is believed to be a simpler way of blood collection compared with venous sampling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of DBSs from patients with tuberculosis all around the world based on quality indicators in a structured assessment procedure. METHODS Total 464 DBS cards were obtained from 4 countries: Bangladesh, Belarus, Indonesia, and Paraguay. The quality of the DBS cards was assessed using a checklist consisting of 19 questions divided into 4 categories: the integrity of the DBS materials, appropriate drying time, blood volume, and blood spot collection. RESULTS After examination, 859 of 1856 (46%) blood spots did not comply with present quality criteria. In 625 cases (34%), this was due to incorrect blood spot collection. The DBS cards from Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Paraguay seemed to be affected by air humidity, causing the blood spots not to dry appropriately. CONCLUSIONS New tools to help obtain blood spots of sufficient quality are necessary and environmental specific recommendations to determine plasma concentration correctly. In addition, 3% of the DBS cards were rejected because the integrity of the materials suggesting that the quality of plastic ziplock bags currently used to protect the DBS cards against contamination and humidity may not be sufficient.
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Giving patients choices: AstraZeneca's evolving approach to patient-centric sampling. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:957-970. [PMID: 32716627 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper shares experiences and learning from introducing patient-centric sampling (PCS) into AstraZeneca trials. Through two case studies we show how modeling approaches can assist pharmacokinetic (PK) bridging studies accounting for blood partitioning and hematocrit and how reduced PK sampling schedules, profiles constructed from composite data (plasma & dry blood) and combined assays (PK & pharmacodynamic) can all reduce patient sampling burden without impacting study outcomes. Following sharing some clinical operational challenges, we finally highlight some key requirements for implementing a patient-centric sampling strategy such as collaborative working across organizational silos, continuous patient engagement throughout the study life cycle and accepting that if the aim is to give patient choice, then one solution (device, procedure and design) will not fit all.
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Capillary microsampling in clinical studies: opportunities and challenges in two case studies. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:905-918. [PMID: 32628039 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Capillary microsampling of 15 μl whole blood from fingersticks or heelsticks was used to collect pharmacokinetic (PK) samples from pediatric subjects in two projects. Results: In a mebendazole multisite study in Ethiopia and Rwanda in subjects between 1 and 16 years old, complete PK profiles (7 timepoints) could be obtained, although some of the fingerstick samples were contaminated by the dosing formulation. In a multisite study with a respiratory syncytial virus drug in children between 1 and 24 months old, sparse PK sampling was done (2 samples). All samples were successfully analyzed even though some capillaries were not properly filled. Conclusion: CMS shows potential for PK sampling in pediatrics but may need further optimization.
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The development of patient-centric sampling as an enabling technology for clinical trials. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:971-976. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accessing patient samples using a whenever/wherever paradigm is needed to enable a better understanding of human biology and disease. The technology for convenient self-collection of blood samples by patients at home is quickly becoming available. The potential benefits of patient-centric sampling far outweigh the short-term challenges associated with implementation of this disruptive approach. This is especially true given we are amid a global pandemic and enabling patients to sample at home would help not only clinical trials, but healthcare in general. This perspective article aims to convince the reader that patient-centric sampling is a reality and that we are on the cusp of an information revolution in clinical trials that will be enabled by patient-centric (e.g., at home) sampling.
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Frey BS, Damon DE, Badu-Tawiah AK. Emerging trends in paper spray mass spectrometry: Microsampling, storage, direct analysis, and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:336-370. [PMID: 31491055 PMCID: PMC7875099 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the sensitivity of chemical instrumentation have led to increased interest in the use of microsamples for translational and biomedical research. Paper substrates are by far the most widely used media for biofluid collection, and mass spectrometry is the preferred method of analysis of the resultant dried blood spot (DBS) samples. Although there have been a variety of review papers published on DBS, there has been no attempt to unify the century old DBS methodology with modern applications utilizing modified paper and paper-based microfluidics for sampling, storage, processing, and analysis. This critical review will discuss how mass spectrometry has expanded the utility of paper substrates from sample collection and storage, to direct complex mixture analysis to on-surface reaction monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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CXCR2 antagonist for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with chronic mucus hypersecretion: a phase 2b trial. Respir Res 2020; 21:149. [PMID: 32532258 PMCID: PMC7291447 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) antagonists have been shown to inhibit neutrophil migration and activation in the lung in preclinical and human models of neutrophilic airway inflammation. A previous study with danirixin, a reversible CXCR2 antagonist, demonstrated a trend for improved respiratory symptoms and health status in patients with COPD. Methods This 26-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb study enrolled symptomatic patients with mild-to-moderate COPD at risk for exacerbations. Patients received danirixin 5, 10, 25, 35 or 50 mg twice daily or placebo in addition to standard of care. Primary end-points were the dose response of danirixin compared with placebo on the incidence and severity of respiratory symptoms (Evaluating Respiratory Symptoms in COPD [E-RS:COPD] scores) and safety. Secondary end-points included the incidence of moderate-severe exacerbations, health status (COPD Assessment test, CAT) and health-related quality of life HRQoL (St. George Respiratory Questionnaire-COPD, SGRQ-C). Results A total of 614 participants were randomized to treatment. There were no improvements in E-RS:COPD, CAT or SGRQ-C scores in participants treated with any dose of danirixin compared to placebo; a larger than expected placebo effect was observed. There was an increased incidence of exacerbation in the danirixin-treated groups and an increased number of pneumonias in participants treated with danirixin 50 mg. Conclusions The robust placebo and study effects prohibited any conclusions on the efficacy of danirixin. However, the absence of a clear efficacy benefit and the observed increase in exacerbations in danirixin-treated groups suggests an unfavorable benefit-risk profile in patients with COPD. Trial registration This study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03034967.
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Fluispotter, a novel automated and wearable device for accurate volume serial dried blood spot sampling. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:665-681. [PMID: 32489105 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A novel automated serial dried blood spot (DBS) sampler, 'Fluispotter', was tested for its sampling performance. Materials & methods: An LC-MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of cortisol in DBS samples serially spotted by Fluispotter. The cortisol concentrations in 148 paired DBS and plasma samples were compared across a hematocrit (HCT) range of 22-55%. Results: The interassay accuracy and precision were <10%. Overall assay bias was negligible across the HCTs tested when analyzing the whole-spot DBS samples. The accuracy and precision of the blood volume in 10 μl DBS samples spotted by Fluispotters and micropipettes were within 3%. Deming regression and Bland-Altman analysis showed a good agreement of DBS-predicted and measured plasma cortisol. Conclusion: The Fluispotter performed serial sampling with high accuracy and precision of the sample blood volume.
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Rower JE, Nielson C, Shi K, Park AH. Validation of an assay for quantifying ganciclovir in dried blood spots. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 184:113181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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A microfluidic platform integrating paper adsorption-based sample clean-up and voltage-assisted liquid desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for biological sample analysis. Talanta 2020; 217:121106. [PMID: 32498849 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical application of direct sampling electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) remains limited due to problems associated with very "dirty" sample matrices. Herein we report on a microfluidic platform that allows direct mass spectrometric analysis of serum samples of microliter sizes. The platform integrates in-line paper adsorption-based sample clean-up and voltage assisted liquid desorption ESI-MS/MS (VAL DESI-MS/MS) to detect multiple targeted compounds of clinical interest. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were selected as model analytes. Simultaneous quantification of these compounds in human serum samples was demonstrated. For all the three compounds, linear calibration curves were obtained in a concentration range from 0.20 to 20.0 μmol/L with r2 values ≥ 0.996. Limits of detection were 0.019, 0.015, and 0.011 μmol/L for AMP, ADP, and ATP, respectively. Recovery was found in the range from 96.5% to 103.5% at spiking concentrations of 0.25 and 2.50 μmol/L. The results indicate that the proposed microfluidic mass spectrometric platform is robust and effective. It may have a potential in clinical analysis.
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Skaggs C, Kirkpatrick L, Wichert WRA, Skaggs N, Manicke NE. A statistical approach to optimizing paper spray mass spectrometry parameters. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8601. [PMID: 32043669 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) was used to analyze and quantify ampicillin, a hydrophilic compound and frequently utilized antibiotic. Hydrophilic molecules are difficult to analyze via PS-MS due to their strong binding affinity to paper substrates and low ionization efficiency, among other reasons. METHODS Solvent and paper parameters were optimized to increase the extraction of ampicillin from the paper substrate. After optimizing these key parameters, a Resolution IV 1/16 fractional factorial design with two center points was employed to screen eight different design parameters simultaneously. RESULTS Pore size, sample volume, and solvent volume were the most significant factors affecting average peak area under the curve (AUC) and the signal-to-blank (S/B) ratio for the 1 μg/mL ampicillin calibrant. After optimizing the key parameters, a linear calibration curve with a range of 0.2 μg/mL to 100 μg/mL was generated (R2 = 0.98) and the limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were calculated to be 0.07 μg/mL and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The statistical optimization procedure undertaken here increased the mass spectral signal intensity by more than a factor of 40. This statistical method of screening followed by optimization experiments proved faster and more efficient, and produced more drastic improvements than typical one-factor-at-a-time experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Skaggs
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Lindsey Kirkpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - William R A Wichert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Nicole Skaggs
- Technical Problem Solver, General Motors Proving Grounds, Milford, MI, 48380, USA
| | - Nicholas E Manicke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Forensics and Investigative Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Londhe V, Rajadhyaksha M. Opportunities and obstacles for microsampling techniques in bioanalysis: Special focus on DBS and VAMS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 182:113102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Hanhauser E, Bono MS, Vaishnav C, Hart AJ, Karnik R. Solid-Phase Extraction, Preservation, Storage, Transport, and Analysis of Trace Contaminants for Water Quality Monitoring of Heavy Metals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:2646-2657. [PMID: 32069029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Accurate quantification of trace contaminants currently requires collection, preservation, and transportation of large volumes (250-1000 mL) of water to centralized laboratories, which impedes monitoring of trace-level pollutants in many resource-limited environments. To overcome this logistical challenge, we propose a new paradigm for trace contaminant monitoring based on dry preservation: solid-phase extraction, preservation, storage, transport, and analysis of trace contaminants (SEPSTAT). We show that a few grams of low-cost, commercially available cation exchange resin can be repurposed to extract heavy metal cations from water samples even in the presence of background ions, dryly preserve these cations for at least 24 months, and release them by acid elution for accurate quantification. A compact, human-powered device incorporating the sorbent removes spiked contaminants from real water samples in a few minutes. The device can be stored and transported easily and produces a sample suitable for measurement by standard methods, predicting the original sample heavy metal concentration generally within an error of 15%. These results suggest that, by facilitating the collection, storage, handling, and transportation of water samples and by enabling cost-effective use of high-throughput capital-intensive instruments, SEPSTAT has the potential to increase the ease and reach of water quality monitoring of trace contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hanhauser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Tata Center for Technology and Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael S Bono
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Tata Center for Technology and Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chintan Vaishnav
- Tata Center for Technology and Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rohit Karnik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Alsous MM, Hawwa AF, McElnay JC. Hematocrit, blood volume, and surface area of dried blood spots - a quantitative model. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:555-560. [PMID: 32061031 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of the dried blood spot (DBS) sampling technique has extended the scope of clinical research, particularly in children. The effects of different hematocrit levels (25-55%) and different blood volumes (7.5-30 μL) on the surface area of the blood spots were investigated using ImageJ® software. Variation in hematocrit levels between patients and inaccuracies in blood volumes applied to Guthrie cards can have a marked effect on analyte concentrations measured in DBS samples. The current study presents a validated model that links blood volume and hematocrit to the surface area of the blood spot. The final model showed that both factors affect the blood spot surface area, however, the positive effect of blood volume is higher than the negative effect of hematocrit. The measurement of surface area could be added as an additional quality control step in clinical studies that have adopted fixed volume DBS sampling for the quantification of the analytes. This approach can be used in estimating the hematocrit if this is not known for a patient or estimating the volume in spots that are visually different in size from the norm, i.e. technical error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat M Alsous
- Clinical and Practice Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, UK.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmed F Hawwa
- Clinical and Practice Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, UK.,University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Rd, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - James C McElnay
- Clinical and Practice Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, UK
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40
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Lehner AF, Stensen L, Zimmerman A, Bush A, Buchweitz J. Veterinary utility of dried blood spots for detailed analysis of chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30:284-296. [PMID: 31994964 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1722773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds of anthropogenic origin that resist atmospheric and microbial degradation and thus persist in the environment and in food chains for exceptionally long periods of time. Veterinarians and wildlife researchers need simple methodologies for monitoring and measuring such compounds including two large and diverse categories, organochlorine pesticides (OCs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), compounds that have been largely banned from production and use except for specific exceptions. We present development of methodologies for detection and quantitation of 22 OCs and 10 PCB congeners by tandem quadrupole gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of Dried Blood Spots (DBS). Development was enabled by (1) optimization of suspension and extraction methodologies for DBS; (2) strategic streamlining and condensation of Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) settings on GC/MS/MS; and (3) improvement of GC settings to accommodate all 32 compounds in a single chromatographic run per sample. The method was validated for parameters of linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, recovery and precision, and results from blood were shown to correlate well with those from DBS despite both being only 50 uL in volume. The method was applied successfully to blood samples from nine avian specimens submitted to the MSU Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, and all were shown to bear the burden of varying levels of OCs and/or PCB compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Lehner
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lauren Stensen
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alan Zimmerman
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Adam Bush
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John Buchweitz
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA.,Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Jhang RS, Lin SY, Peng YF, Chao HC, Tsai IL, Lin YT, Liao HW, Tang SC, Kuo CH, Jeng JS. Using the PCI-IS Method to Simultaneously Estimate Blood Volume and Quantify Nonvitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant Concentrations in Dried Blood Spots. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2511-2518. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Shiang Jhang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fong Peng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chun Chao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - I-Lin Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Liao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chun Tang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Shing Jeng
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Determination of free G-type nerve agents in blood: in situ derivatization on a dried blood spot (DBS) paper followed by LC–MS/MS analysis. Forensic Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-019-00516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Koryagina NL, Aliushina TI, Karakashev GV, Savel’eva EI, Khlebnikova NS, Radilov AS. Determination of Phosphonylated Tyrosine as a Marker of Exposure to Nerve Agents in Dried Blood Plasma Spots by HPLC–HRMS/MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934819130070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Microsampling: considerations for its use in pharmaceutical drug discovery and development. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:1015-1038. [PMID: 31218897 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the implementation of microsampling approaches for the quantitation of circulating concentrations of analytes in biological samples derived from nonclinical and clinical studies involved in drug development. This interest is partly due to the ethical advantages of taking smaller blood volumes, particularly for studies in rodents, children and the critically ill. In addition, these technologies facilitate sampling to be performed in previously intractable locations and occasions. Further, they enable the collection of samples for additional purposes (extra time points, biomarkers, sampling during a clinical event, etc). This article gives a comprehensive insight to the utilization of these approaches in drug discovery and development, and provides recommendations for best practice for nonclinical, clinical and bioanalytical aspects.
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Presoaking dried blood spot with water improves efficiency for small-molecule analysis. Biotechniques 2019; 67:219-228. [PMID: 31631689 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2019-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current method of extracting small molecules from dried blood spots (DBSs) and liquid blood is similar. However, owing to their different physical characteristics, a modification of the extraction process for DBS is required. We propose a modified method involving presoaking in water that results in better extraction efficiency for small-molecule analysis than the conventional protein precipitation method. Using blood and DBSs from eight subjects, the similarities, recovery rates and extraction efficiencies of both methods were compared. Quantitative analysis showed that seven and six out of ten conditions for the modified method group exhibited almost 100% recovery and extraction efficiency rates, respectively, compared with the conventional method group. Taken together, the results suggest that a presoaking step is needed for efficient DBS analysis.
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Koulman A, Furse S, Baumert M, Goldberg G, Bluck L. Rapid profiling of triglycerides in human breast milk using liquid extraction surface analysis Fourier transform mass spectrometry reveals new very long chain fatty acids and differences within individuals. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1267-1276. [PMID: 31009547 PMCID: PMC6772081 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE We describe a novel method for preparing milk samples and profiling their triglyceride (TG) fractions. This method was used to explore how the TG profile of milk modulates as lactation progresses and how the TG profile differs between breasts. METHODS Fresh milk was spotted onto Whatman filter paper and air-dried. Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis coupled to Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (LESA-MS) was adapted for molecular profiling. Collision-Induced Dissociation (CID) was used to profile fatty acid residues. RESULTS LESA-MS produced the relative abundances of all isobaric TGs described and showed that mammary glands within one individual can produce a different profile of TGs. CID was used to uncover the configuration of isobaric triglycerides, indicating the relative amounts of the fatty acids contributing to that triglyceride's mass. This also indicated the presence of very long chain fatty acids (C26:0 and C26:1) that have not been reported before in human breast milk. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that spotting on paper and the use of LESA-MS and CID on milk spots is not only a means for analysing milk in unprecedented detail for this preparation time, but is also amenable to conditions in which collecting and storing fresh milk samples for detailed profiling is prohibitively difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Koulman
- Cambridge Lipidomics Biomarker Research Initiative, Elsie Widdowson LaboratoryMRC HNRCambridgeCB1 9NLUK
- Lipid Profiling Signalling group, MRC HNRCambridgeCB1 9NLUK
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, MRLInstitute of Metabolic ScienceLevel 4, Pathology Building, Addenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
| | - Samuel Furse
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, MRLInstitute of Metabolic ScienceLevel 4, Pathology Building, Addenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeHopkins Building, Tennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1QWUK
| | - Mark Baumert
- Advion LtdKao Hockham House, Edinburgh wayHarlowEssexCM20 2NQUK
| | - Gail Goldberg
- Nutrition and Bone Health Group, MRC HNRCambridgeCB1 9NLUK
- MRC KenebaThe Gambia, Calcium, Vitamin D & Bone Health GroupBanjulGambia
| | - Les Bluck
- The Gambia Physiological Modelling of Metabolic Risk, MRC HNRCambridgeCB1 9NLUK
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Chepyala D, Kuo HC, Su KY, Liao HW, Wang SY, Chepyala SR, Chang LC, Kuo CH. Improved Dried Blood Spot-Based Metabolomics Analysis by a Postcolumn Infused-Internal Standard Assisted Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Method. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10702-10712. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divyabharathi Chepyala
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chun Kuo
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yi Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Liao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Wang
- Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | | | - Lin-Chau Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
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48
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Spreading and Imbibition of Vesicle Dispersion Droplets on Porous Substrates. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids3030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vesicles have recently found widespread use in applications such as conditioning of textiles, paper and hair, as well as transdermal drug delivery. The mode of treatment in several such cases involves the application of droplets of aqueous dispersions of vesicles onto dry porous substrates like paper and textiles. One of the factors which affects the performance of such treatments is the rate at which the droplets spread and imbibe on the porous substrate. Depending upon the specific purpose of the treatment either a fast or slow droplet spreading kinetics could be desired. Therefore, it is important to have a good understanding of the droplet spreading process and the factors which influence it. In this work, an experimental investigation of the simultaneous spreading and imbibition of vesicle dispersion droplets on cellulose filter papers is carried out. Two different types of vesicles which are composed of similar lipid molecules but exhibit contrasting lipid bilayer phase behavior are used. Two different grades of filter papers with comparable porosities but different thicknesses are used as porous substrate. It is found that the droplet spreading behavior is of the “complete wetting” type on the thicker porous substrate, whereas it is of the “partial wetting” type on the thinner substrate. Furthermore, it is observed that the spreading of droplets containing vesicles with liquid-crystalline phase bilayers occurs faster than that of vesicles with solid-gel phase bilayers. The secondary radial penetration which commences after the initial droplet spreading is complete is also investigated and discussed.
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Jain S, Jadav T, Sahu AK, Kalia K, Sengupta P. An Exploration of Advancement in Analytical Methodology for Quantification of Anticancer Drugs in Biomatrices. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:719-732. [PMID: 30905906 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19r002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Significant numbers of newer anticancer drugs are regularly entering into the market worldwide to fight against different types of cancers. Analytical methodologies are being developed to quantitate those molecules in a variety of matrices during their drug development stages. Selection of biological matrices for developing bioanalytical methods is based on the mechanism of action, site of action, site of metabolism and route of excretion of the drugs or their metabolites. In this review, we have described the current scenario and advancements in bioanalytical techniques for quantification of different anticancer drugs in a variety of biomatrices with a special emphasis on sample preparation techniques. We have discussed and summarized different bioanalytical aspects for anticancer drugs, which can give direction to the researcher for choosing appropriate techniques for their quantification needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Jain
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad
| | - Tarang Jadav
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad
| | - Amit Kumar Sahu
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad
| | - Kiran Kalia
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad
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50
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Dried blood spot N-glycome analysis by MALDI mass spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 205:120104. [PMID: 31450448 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Body fluid N-glycome analysis as well as glyco-proteoform profiling of existing protein biomarkers potentially provides a stratification layer additional to quantitative, diagnostic protein levels. For clinical omics applications, the collection of a dried blood spot (DBS) is increasingly pursued as an alternative to sampling milliliters of peripheral blood. Here we evaluate DBS cards as a blood collection strategy for protein N-glycosylation analysis aiming for high-throughput clinical applications. A protocol for facile N-glycosylation profiling from DBS is developed that includes sialic acid linkage differentiation. This protocol is based on a previously established total plasma N-glycome mass spectrometry (MS) method, with adjustments for the analysis of DBS specimens. After DBS-punching and protein solubilization N-glycans are released, followed by chemical derivatization of sialic acids and MS-measurement of N-glycan profiles. With this method, more than 80 different glycan structures are identified from a DBS, with RSDs below 10% for the ten most abundant glycans. N-glycan profiles of finger-tip blood and venous blood are compared and short-term stability of DBS is demonstrated. This method for fast N-glycosylation profiling of DBS provides a minimally invasive alternative to conventional serum and plasma protein N-glycosylation workflows. With simplified blood sampling this DBS approach has vast potential for clinical glycomics applications.
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