1
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Goh CF, Lane ME. Advanced structural characterisation of pharmaceuticals using nano-thermal analysis (nano-TA). Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114077. [PMID: 34896130 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The production of drug delivery systems fabricated at the nano scale comes with the challenges of identifying reliable characterisation tools, especially for solid dosage forms. A full understanding of physicochemical properties of solid-state systems at a high spatial resolution is essential to monitor their manufacturability, processability, performance (dissolution) and stability. Nano-thermal analysis (nano-TA), a hybrid of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thermal analysis, has emerged as a solution to address the need for complete characterisation of samples with surface heterogeneity. Nano-TA provides not only physical information using conventional AFM but also the thermal behaviour of these systems as an additional chemical dimension. In this review, the principles and techniques of nano-TA are discussed with emphasis on recent pharmaceutical applications. Building on nano-TA, the combination of this approach with infrared spectroscopic analysis is briefly introduced. The challenges and considerations for future development of nano-TA characterisation are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Fu Goh
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Majella E Lane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
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2
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Goh CF, Moffat JG, Craig DQM, Hadgraft J, Lane ME. Monitoring Drug Crystallization in Percutaneous Penetration Using Localized Nanothermal Analysis and Photothermal Microspectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2018; 16:359-370. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Choon Fu Goh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan G. Moffat
- Asylum Research, Oxford Instruments Company, Halifax Road, HP12 3SE High Wycombe, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Q. M. Craig
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Hadgraft
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Majella E. Lane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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3
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Reading M, Ghori MU, Brown DR, Fleming LT, Antonijevic MD, Grandy DB, Hourston DJ, Song M, Conway BR. Chemical Imaging by Dissolution Analysis: Localized Kinetics of Dissolution Behavior to Provide Two-Dimensional Chemical Mapping and Tomographic Imaging on a Nanoscale. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5882-5890. [PMID: 28497696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to achieving chemical mapping on a nanoscale is described that can provide 2D and tomographic images of surface and near-surface structure. The method comprises dissolving material from the surface of the sample by applying a series of aliquots of solvent, then analyzing their contents after removing them; in between exposures, the surface is imaged with atomic force microscopy. This technique relies on being able to compensate for any drift between images by use of software. It was applied to a blend of two polymers, PMMA and PS. The analytical data identified the material that was dissolved, and the topography images enabled the location of the various materials to be determined by analyzing local dissolution kinetics. The prospects for generalizing the approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Reading
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield , Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad U Ghori
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield , Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - D Robert Brown
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield , Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh T Fleming
- Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield , Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Milan D Antonijevic
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich , Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - David B Grandy
- Loughborough University , Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas J Hourston
- Loughborough University , Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Mo Song
- Loughborough University , Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara R Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield , Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
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4
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Proskurnin MA, Bendrysheva SN, Smirnova AP. Thermal lens spectrometry in electromigration methods of analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816050105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Bobrowska J, Moffat J, Awsiuk K, Pabijan J, Rysz J, Budkowski A, Reading M, Lekka M. Comparing surface properties of melanoma cells using time of flight secondary ions mass spectrometry. Analyst 2016; 141:6217-6225. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01346e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various techniques have been already reported to differentiate between normal (non-malignant) and cancerous cells based on their physico-chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bobrowska
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 31-342 Kraków
- Poland
| | - J. Moffat
- School of Pharmacy
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich
- UK
| | - K. Awsiuk
- The Institute of Physics
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Kraków
- Poland
| | - J. Pabijan
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 31-342 Kraków
- Poland
| | - J. Rysz
- The Institute of Physics
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Kraków
- Poland
| | - A. Budkowski
- The Institute of Physics
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Kraków
- Poland
| | - M. Reading
- School of Applied Sciences
- University of Huddersfield
- Huddersfield
- UK
| | - M. Lekka
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 31-342 Kraków
- Poland
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6
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Alhijjaj M, Reading M, Belton P, Qi S. Thermal Analysis by Structural Characterization as a Method for Assessing Heterogeneity in Complex Solid Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10848-55. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muqdad Alhijjaj
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom, NR4 7TJ
- College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Mike Reading
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, United Kingdom, HD1 3DH
| | - Peter Belton
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk United Kingdom, NR4 7TJ
| | - Sheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom, NR4 7TJ
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7
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Grisedale LC, Moffat JG, Jamieson MJ, Belton PS, Barker SA, Craig DQM. Development of Photothermal FTIR Microspectroscopy as a Novel Means of Spatially Identifying Amorphous and Crystalline Salbutamol Sulfate on Composite Surfaces. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1815-23. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300605s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise C. Grisedale
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Jonathan G. Moffat
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Jamieson
- Particle Generation,
Control
and Engineering, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines
Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY,
United Kingdom
| | - Peter S. Belton
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Susan A. Barker
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Duncan Q. M. Craig
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United
Kingdom
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8
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Baird JA, Taylor LS. Evaluation of amorphous solid dispersion properties using thermal analysis techniques. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:396-421. [PMID: 21843564 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions are an increasingly important formulation approach to improve the dissolution rate and apparent solubility of poorly water soluble compounds. Due to their complex physicochemical properties, there is a need for multi-faceted analytical methods to enable comprehensive characterization, and thermal techniques are widely employed for this purpose. Key parameters of interest that can influence product performance include the glass transition temperature (T(g)), molecular mobility of the drug, miscibility between the drug and excipients, and the rate and extent of drug crystallization. It is important to evaluate the type of information pertaining to the aforementioned properties that can be extracted from thermal analytical measurements, in addition to considering any inherent assumptions or limitations of the various analytical approaches. Although differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is the most widely used thermal analytical technique applied to the characterization of amorphous solid dispersions, there are many established and emerging techniques which have been shown to provide useful information. Comprehensive characterization of fundamental material descriptors will ultimately lead to the formulation of more robust solid dispersion products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A Baird
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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9
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Dai X, Moffat JG, Wood J, Reading M. Thermal scanning probe microscopy in the development of pharmaceuticals. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:449-60. [PMID: 21856345 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability to characterize the physical and chemical properties of dosage forms is crucial to a more complete understanding of how vehicles for drug delivery behave and therefore how effective they are. Spatially resolved characterization that enables the visualization of properties on the nanoscale is particularly powerful. The usefulness of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) in the field of drug delivery is becoming increasingly well established and the use of thermal probes offers new capabilities thus enabling SPM to provide more and sometimes unique information. One type of measurement enabled by thermal probes is determining transition temperatures by means of local thermal analysis. The ability to identify and characterize materials in this way has found applications in characterizing a wide range of dosage forms. A complimentary thermal probe technique is photothermal infrared microspectroscopy (PTMS). PTMS offers a variety of advantages over more conventional approaches including the ability analyze compacts without the need for thin sections. It is also able to achieve sub-micron spatial resolution. Thermal probe techniques can characterize pharmaceutical dosage forms in terms of their physical properties and their chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Dai
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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10
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Van Eerdenbrugh B, Taylor LS. Application of mid-IR spectroscopy for the characterization of pharmaceutical systems. Int J Pharm 2011; 417:3-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Qi S, Belton P, Nollenberger K, Gryczke A, Craig DQM. Compositional Analysis of Low Quantities of Phase Separation in Hot-Melt-Extruded Solid Dispersions: A Combined Atomic Force Microscopy, Photothermal Fourier-Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy, and Localised Thermal Analysis Approach. Pharm Res 2011; 28:2311-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Frost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Meng Jing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Michael T. Bowser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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