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Elzinga J, Narimatsu Y, de Haan N, Clausen H, de Vos WM, Tytgat HLP. Binding of Akkermansia muciniphila to mucin is O-glycan specific. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4582. [PMID: 38811534 PMCID: PMC11137150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal anaerobic bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila is specialized in the degradation of mucins, which are heavily O-glycosylated proteins that constitute the major components of the mucus lining the intestine. Despite that adhesion to mucins is considered critical for the persistence of A. muciniphila in the human intestinal tract, our knowledge of how this intestinal symbiont recognizes and binds to mucins is still limited. Here, we first show that the mucin-binding properties of A. muciniphila are independent of environmental oxygen concentrations and not abolished by pasteurization. We then dissected the mucin-binding properties of pasteurized A. muciniphila by use of a recently developed cell-based mucin array that enables display of the tandem repeats of human mucins with distinct O-glycan patterns and structures. We found that A. muciniphila recognizes the unsialylated LacNAc (Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-R) disaccharide selectively on core2 and core3 O-glycans. This disaccharide epitope is abundantly found on human colonic mucins capped by sialic acids, and we demonstrated that endogenous A. muciniphila neuraminidase activity can uncover the epitope and promote binding. In summary, our study provides insights into the mucin-binding properties important for colonization of a key mucin-foraging bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Elzinga
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanne L P Tytgat
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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2
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Xie Y, Liu X, Zhao C, Chen S, Wang S, Lin Z, Robison FM, George BM, Flynn RA, Lebrilla CB, Garcia BA. Development and application of GlycanDIA workflow for glycomic analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.12.584702. [PMID: 38559279 PMCID: PMC10980037 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.12.584702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Glycans modify protein, lipid, and even RNA molecules to form the regulatory outer coat on cells called the glycocalyx. The changes in glycosylation have been linked to the initiation and progression of many diseases. Thus, while the significance of glycosylation is well established, a lack of accessible methods to characterize glycans has hindered the ability to understand their biological functions. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods have generally been at the core of most glycan profiling efforts; however, modern data-independent acquisition (DIA), which could increase sensitivity and simplify workflows, has not been benchmarked for analyzing glycans. Herein, we developed a DIA-based glycomic workflow, termed GlycanDIA, to identify and quantify glycans with high sensitivity and accuracy. The GlycanDIA workflow combined higher energy collisional dissociation (HCD)-MS/MS and staggered windows for glycomic analysis, which facilitates the sensitivity in identification and the accuracy in quantification compared to conventional data-dependent acquisition (DDA)-based glycomics. To facilitate its use, we also developed a generic search engine, GlycanDIA Finder, incorporating an iterative decoy searching for confident glycan identification and quantification from DIA data. The results showed that GlycanDIA can distinguish glycan composition and isomers from N-glycans, O-glycans, and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), while it also reveals information on low-abundant modified glycans. With the improved sensitivity, we performed experiments to profile N-glycans from RNA samples, which have been underrepresented due to their low abundance. Using this integrative workflow to unravel the N-glycan profile in cellular and tissue glycoRNA samples, we found that RNA-glycans have specific forms as compared to protein-glycans and are also tissue-specific differences, suggesting distinct functions in biological processes. Overall, GlycanDIA can provide comprehensive information for glycan identification and quantification, enabling researchers to obtain in-depth and refined details on the biological roles of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Chenfeng Zhao
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Shunyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Zongtao Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Faith M Robison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Benson M George
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ryan A Flynn
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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3
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Mucin utilization by gut microbiota: recent advances on characterization of key enzymes. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:345-353. [PMID: 36695502 PMCID: PMC10154618 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota interacts with the host through the mucus that covers and protects the gastrointestinal epithelium. The main component of the mucus are mucins, glycoproteins decorated with hundreds of different O-glycans. Some microbiota members can utilize mucin O-glycans as carbons source. To degrade these host glycans the bacteria express multiple carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) such as glycoside hydrolases, sulfatases and esterases which are active on specific linkages. The studies of these enzymes in an in vivo context have started to reveal their importance in mucin utilization and gut colonization. It is now clear that bacteria evolved multiple specific CAZymes to overcome the diversity of linkages found in O-glycans. Additionally, changes in mucin degradation by gut microbiota have been associated with diseases like obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Thereby understanding how CAZymes from different bacteria work to degrade mucins is of critical importance to develop new treatments and diagnostics for these increasingly prevalent health problems. This mini-review covers the recent advances in biochemical characterization of mucin O-glycan-degrading CAZymes and how they are connected to human health.
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4
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Lavado-García J, Zhang T, Cervera L, Gòdia F, Wuhrer M. Differential N- and O-glycosylation signatures of HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles and coproduced extracellular vesicles. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1207-1221. [PMID: 35112714 PMCID: PMC9303603 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) are nanostructures derived from the self-assembly and cell budding of Gag polyprotein. Mimicking the native structure of the virus and being non-infectious, they represent promising candidates for the development of new vaccines as they elicit a strong immune response. In addition to this, the bounding membrane can be functionalized with exogenous antigens to target different diseases. Protein glycosylation depends strictly on the production platform and expression system used and the displayed glycosylation patterns may influence down-stream processing as well as the immune response. One of the main challenges for the development of Gag VLP production bioprocess is the separation of VLPs and coproduced extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this work, porous graphitized carbon separation method coupled with mass spectrometry was used to characterize the N- and O- glycosylation profiles of Gag VLPs produced in HEK293 cells. We identified differential glycan signatures between VLPs and EVs that could pave the way for further separation and purification strategies in order to optimize downstream processing and move forward in VLP-based vaccine production technology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Young C, Condina MR, Briggs MT, Moh ESX, Kaur G, Oehler MK, Hoffmann P. In-House Packed Porous Graphitic Carbon Columns for Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of N-Glycans. Front Chem 2021; 9:653959. [PMID: 34178940 PMCID: PMC8226321 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.653959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that modulates biological processes such as the immune response and protein trafficking. Altered glycosylation profiles are associated with cancer and inflammatory diseases, as well as impacting the efficacy of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Consisting of oligosaccharides attached to asparagine residues, enzymatically released N-linked glycans are analytically challenging due to the diversity of isomeric structures that exist. A commonly used technique for quantitative N-glycan analysis is liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), which performs glycan separation and characterization. Although many reversed and normal stationary phases have been utilized for the separation of N-glycans, porous graphitic carbon (PGC) chromatography has become desirable because of its higher resolving capability, but is difficult to implement in a robust and reproducible manner. Herein, we demonstrate the analytical properties of a 15 cm fused silica capillary (75 µm i.d., 360 µm o.d.) packed in-house with Hypercarb PGC (3 µm) coupled to an Agilent 6550 Q-TOF mass spectrometer for N-glycan analysis in positive ion mode. In repeatability and intermediate precision measurements conducted on released N-glycans from a glycoprotein standard mixture, the majority of N-glycans reported low coefficients of variation with respect to retention times (≤4.2%) and peak areas (≤14.4%). N-glycans released from complex samples were also examined by PGC LC-MS. A total of 120 N-glycan structural and compositional isomers were obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ovarian cancer tissue sections. Finally, a comparison between early- and late-stage formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ovarian cancer tissues revealed qualitative changes in the α2,3- and α2,6-sialic acid linkage of a fucosylated bi-antennary complex N-glycan. Although the α2,3-linkage was predominant in late-stage ovarian cancer, the alternate α2,6-linkage was more prevalent in early-stage ovarian cancer. This study establishes the utility of in-house packed PGC columns for the robust and reproducible LC-MS analysis of N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Young
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark R Condina
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Matthew T Briggs
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Edward S X Moh
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Martin K Oehler
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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6
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Josenhans C, Müthing J, Elling L, Bartfeld S, Schmidt H. How bacterial pathogens of the gastrointestinal tract use the mucosal glyco-code to harness mucus and microbiota: New ways to study an ancient bag of tricks. Int J Med Microbiol 2020; 310:151392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2020.151392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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7
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Zhang Q, Li Z, Wang Y, Zheng Q, Li J. Mass spectrometry for protein sialoglycosylation. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:652-680. [PMID: 29228471 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of structurally unique and negatively charged nine-carbon sugars, normally found at the terminal positions of glycan chains on glycoproteins and glycolipids. The glycosylation of proteins is a universal post-translational modification in eukaryotic species and regulates essential biological functions, in which the most common sialic acid is N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (2-keto-5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galactononulopyranos-1-onic acid) (Neu5NAc). Because of the properties of sialic acids under general mass spectrometry (MS) conditions, such as instability, ionization discrimination, and mixed adducts, the use of MS in the analysis of protein sialoglycosylation is still challenging. The present review is focused on the application of MS related methodologies to the study of both N- and O-linked sialoglycans. We reviewed MS-based strategies for characterizing sialylation by analyzing intact glycoproteins, proteolytic digested glycopeptides, and released glycans. The review concludes with future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Environment and Health, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zack Li
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Environment and Health, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Vicaretti SD, Mohtarudin NA, Garner AM, Zandberg WF. Capillary Electrophoresis Analysis of Bovine Milk Oligosaccharides Permits an Assessment of the Influence of Diet and the Discovery of Nine Abundant Sulfated Analogues. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8574-8583. [PMID: 29745223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs), like their analogues in human milk, have important prebiotic functions. Environmental factors have previously been linked to variation in BMO structures, and thus to test the hypothesis that the bovine diet may lead to these changes in relative BMO abundances, a rapid capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based work flow was developed to profile the BMOs extracted from the milk of cows fed distinctly different diets. Over the first week of lactation, few significant differences were observed between the different diet groups, with the dominant changes being clearly linked to lactation period. CE analyses indicated the presence of ten unusually anionic BMOs, which were predicted to be phosphorylated and sulfated species. Nine unique sulfated BMOs were detected by high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry, none of which have been previously described in bovine milk. The biosynthesis of these was in direct competition with 3'-sialyllactose, the most abundant BMO in bovine milk.
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9
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A method to identify trace sulfated IgG N-glycans as biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:631. [PMID: 28931878 PMCID: PMC5606999 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-linked glycans on immunoglobulin G (IgG) have been associated with pathogenesis of diseases and the therapeutic functions of antibody-based drugs; however, low-abundance species are difficult to detect. Here we show a glycomic approach to detect these species on human IgGs using a specialized microfluidic chip. We discover 20 sulfated and 4 acetylated N-glycans on IgGs. Using multiple reaction monitoring method, we precisely quantify these previously undetected low-abundance, trace and even ultra-trace N-glycans. From 277 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 141 healthy individuals, we also identify N-glycan biomarkers for the classification of both rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive and negative RA patients, as well as anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA)-positive and negative RA patients. This approach may identify N-glycosylation-associated biomarkers for other autoimmune and infectious diseases and lead to the exploration of promising glycoforms for antibody therapeutics.Post-translational modifications can affect antibody function in health and disease, but identification of all variants is difficult using existing technologies. Here the authors develop a microfluidic method to identify and quantify low-abundance IgG N-glycans and show some of these IgGs can be used as biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis.
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10
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Simultaneous analysis of heparosan oligosaccharides by isocratic liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection/mass spectrometry. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 152:337-342. [PMID: 27516280 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Uncovering the biological roles of heparosan oligosaccharides requires a simple and robust method for their separation and identification. We reported on systematic investigations of the retention behaviors of synthetic heparosan oligosaccharides on porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column by HPLC with charged aerosol detection. Oligosaccharides were strongly retained by PGC material in water-acetonitrile mobile phase, and eluted by trifluoroacetic acid occurring as narrow peaks. Addition of small fraction of methanol led to better selectivity of PGC to oligosaccharides than acetonitrile modifier alone, presumably, resulting from displacement of methanol to give different chemical environment at the PGC surface. Van't-Hoff plots demonstrated that retention behaviors highly depended on the column temperature and oligosaccharide moieties. By implementing the optimal MeOH content and temperature, a novel isocratic elution method was successfully developed for baseline resolution and identification of seven heparosan oligosaccharides using PGC-HPLC-CAD/MS. This approach allows for rapid analysis of heparosan oligosaccharides from various sources.
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Kizuka Y, Nakano M, Miura Y, Taniguchi N. Epigenetic regulation of neuralN-glycomics. Proteomics 2016; 16:2854-2863. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, Global Research Cluster; RIKEN; Wako Japan
| | - Miyako Nakano
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter; Hiroshima University; Higashihiroshima Japan
| | - Yuki Miura
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter; Hiroshima University; Higashihiroshima Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, Global Research Cluster; RIKEN; Wako Japan
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12
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Sakaguchi Y, Hayama T, Yoshida H, Itoyama M, Todoroki K, Yamaguchi M, Nohta H. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with fluorous derivatization method for selective analysis of sialyl oligosaccharides. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:2481-2489. [PMID: 25366395 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A separation-oriented derivatization method using a specific fluorous affinity between perfluoroalkyl-containing compounds was applied to selective liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) analysis of sialyl oligosaccharides. The perfluoroalkyl-labeled sialyl oligosaccharides could be selectively retained on an LC column with the perfluoroalkyl-modified stationary phase and effectively distinguished from non-derivatized species. METHODS Sialyl oligosaccharides (3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose, sialyllacto-N-tetraose a, sialyllacto-N-tetraose b, sialyllacto-N-tetraose c, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose) were derivatized with 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-heptadecafluoroundecylamine via amidation in the presence of 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (condensation reagent). The obtained derivatives were directly injected onto the fluorous LC column without any pretreatments and then detected by positive electrospray ionization MS/MS. RESULTS The method enabled accurate determination of the sialyl oligosaccharides in biological samples such as human urine and human milk, because there was no interference with matrix-induced effects during LC/MS/MS analysis. The limits of detection of the examined sialyl oligosaccharides, defined as signal-to-noise (S/N) = 3, were in the range 0.033-0.13 nM. Accuracy in the range 95.6-108% was achieved, and the precision (relative standard deviation) was within 9.4%. CONCLUSIONS This method enabled highly selective and sensitive analysis of sialyl oligosaccharides, enabling accurate measurement of even their trace amounts in biological matrices. The proposed method may prove to be a powerful tool for the analysis of various sialyl oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sakaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
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13
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Stavenhagen K, Kolarich D, Wuhrer M. Clinical Glycomics Employing Graphitized Carbon Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2014; 78:307-320. [PMID: 25750456 PMCID: PMC4346670 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates and free glycan are involved in a variety of biological processes such as cell-cell interaction and cell trafficking. Alterations in the complex glycosylation machinery have been correlated with various pathological processes including cancer progression and metastasis. Mass Spectrometry (MS) has evolved as one of the most powerful tools in glycomics and glycoproteomics and in combination with porous graphitized carbon-liquid chromatography (PGC-LC) it is a versatile and sensitive technique for the analysis of glycans and to some extent also glycopeptides. PGC-LC-ESI-MS analysis is characterized by a high isomer separation power enabling a specific glycan compound analysis on the level of individual structures. This allows the investigation of the biological relevance of particular glycan structures and glycan features. Consequently, this strategy is a very powerful technique suitable for clinical research, such as cancer biomarker discovery, as well as in-depth analysis of recombinant glycoproteins. In this review, we will focus on how PGC in conjunction with MS detection can deliver specific structural information for clinical research on protein-bound N-glycans and mucin-type O-glycans. In addition, we will briefly review PGC analysis approaches for glycopeptides, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). The presented applications cover systems that vary vastly with regard to complexity such as purified glycoproteins, cells, tissue or body fluids revealing specific glycosylation changes associated with various biological processes including cancer and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Stavenhagen
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm, 14242 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Parker BL, Thaysen-Andersen M, Solis N, Scott NE, Larsen MR, Graham ME, Packer NH, Cordwell SJ. Site-Specific Glycan-Peptide Analysis for Determination of N-Glycoproteome Heterogeneity. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:5791-800. [DOI: 10.1021/pr400783j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Parker
- Discipline
of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde 2106, Australia
| | - Nestor Solis
- School
of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Nichollas E. Scott
- School
of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Martin R. Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, The University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Mark E. Graham
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Nicolle H. Packer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde 2106, Australia
| | - Stuart J. Cordwell
- Discipline
of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- School
of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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16
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Cheng PF, Snovida S, Ho MY, Cheng CW, Wu AM, Khoo KH. Increasing the depth of mass spectrometry-based glycomic coverage by additional dimensions of sulfoglycomics and target analysis of permethylated glycans. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6683-95. [PMID: 23797909 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hog or porcine gastric mucin resembles the human source in carrying not only blood group antigens but also the rather rare α4-GlcNAc-capped terminal epitope functionally implicated in protection against Helicobacter pylori infection. Being more readily available and reasonably well characterized, it serves as a good reagent for immunobiological studies, as well as a standard for analytical methodology developments. Current approaches in mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping remain vastly inadequate in revealing the full complexity of glycosylation, particularly for cases such as the extremely heterogeneous O-glycosylation of mucosal mucins that can be further sulfated. We demonstrate here a novel concerted workflow that extends the conventional matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) mapping of permethylated glycans in positive ion mode to include a further step of sulfoglycomic analysis in negative ion mode. This was facilitated by introducing a mixed-mode solid-phase extraction step, which allows direct cleanup and simultaneous fractionation of the permethylated glycans into separate non-sulfated and sulfated pools in one single step. By distinct MALDI-MS/MS fragmentation patterns, all previously known structural features of porcine gastric mucin including the terminal epitopes and location of sulfates could be readily defined. We additionally showed that both arms of the core 2 structures could be extended via 6-O-sulfated GlcNAc to yield a series of disulfated O-glycans not previously reported, thus expanding its current glycomic coverage. However, a targeted LC-MSn analysis was required and best suited to dig even deeper into validating the occurrence of very minor structural isomers carrying the Lewis Y epitope implicated by positive antibody binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Fu Cheng
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, PO Box 23-106, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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17
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Palmieri G, Balestrieri M, Peter-Katalinić J, Pohlentz G, Rossi M, Fiume I, Pocsfalvi G. Surface-exposed glycoproteins of hyperthermophilic Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 show a common N-glycosylation profile. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:2779-90. [PMID: 23586857 DOI: 10.1021/pr400123z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface proteins of hyperthermophilic Archaea actively participate in intercellular communication, cellular uptake, and energy conversion to sustain survival strategies in extreme habitats. Surface (S)-layer glycoproteins, the major component of the S-layers in many archaeal species and the best-characterized prokaryotic glycoproteins, were shown to have a large structural diversity in their glycan compositions. In spite of this, knowledge on glycosylation of proteins other than S-layer proteins in Archaea is quite limited. Here, the N-glycosylation pattern of cell-surface-exposed proteins of Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 were analyzed by lectin affinity purification, HPAEC-PAD, and multiple mass spectrometry-based techniques. Detailed analysis of SSO1273, one of the most abundant ABC transporters present in the cell surface fraction of S. solfataricus, revealed a novel glycan structure composed of a branched sulfated heptasaccharide, Hex4(GlcNAc)2 plus sulfoquinovose where Hex is d-mannose and d-glucose. Having one monosaccharide unit more than the glycan of the S-layer glycoprotein of S. acidocaldarius, this is the most complex archaeal glycan structure known today. SSO1273 protein is heavily glycosylated and all 20 theoretical N-X-S/T (where X is any amino acid except proline) consensus sequence sites were confirmed. Remarkably, we show that several other proteins in the surface fraction of S. solfataricus are N-glycosylated by the same sulfated oligosaccharide and we identified 56 N-glycosylation sites in this subproteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Palmieri
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy
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18
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Palmisano G, Larsen MR, Packer NH, Thaysen-Andersen M. Structural analysis of glycoprotein sialylation – part II: LC-MS based detection. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42969e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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19
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SUZUKI S. Recent Developments in Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis for the Analysis of Glycoprotein Glycans. ANAL SCI 2013; 29:1117-28. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.29.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Thomsson KA, Holmén-Larsson JM, Angström J, Johansson ME, Xia L, Hansson GC. Detailed O-glycomics of the Muc2 mucin from colon of wild-type, core 1- and core 3-transferase-deficient mice highlights differences compared with human MUC2. Glycobiology 2012; 22:1128-39. [PMID: 22581805 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The heavily O-glycosylated mucin MUC2 constitutes the major protein in the mucosal layer that acts as a physical barrier protecting the epithelial layer in the colon. In this study, Muc2 was purified from mucosal scrapings from the colon of wild-type (WT) mice, core 3 transferase knockout (C3Gnt(-/-)) mice and intestinal epithelial cell-specific core 1 knockout (IEC C1Galt1(-/-)) mice. The Muc2 O-glycans were released by reductive β-elimination and analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the negative-ion mode. Muc2 from the distal colon of WT and C3Gnt(-/-) knockout mice carried a mixture of core 1- or core 2-type glycans, whereas Muc2 from IEC C1Galt1(-/-) mice carried highly sialylated core 3- and core 4-type glycans. A large portion of NeuAc in all mouse models was positioned on disialylated N-acetyllactosamine units, an epitope not reported on human colonic MUC2. Mass spectra and proton NMR spectroscopy revealed an abundant NeuAc linked to internally positioned N-acetylglucosamine on colonic murine Muc2, which also differs markedly from human MUC2. Our results highlight that murine colonic Muc2 O-glycosylation is substantially different from human MUC2, which could be one explanation for the different commensal microbiota of these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A Thomsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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21
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Kilcoyne M, Gerlach JQ, Gough R, Gallagher ME, Kane M, Carrington SD, Joshi L. Construction of a Natural Mucin Microarray and Interrogation for Biologically Relevant Glyco-Epitopes. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3330-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac203404n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kilcoyne
- Glycoscience
Group, National
Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jared Q. Gerlach
- Glycoscience
Group, National
Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ronan Gough
- Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mary E. Gallagher
- Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marian Kane
- Glycoscience
Group, National
Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Lokesh Joshi
- Glycoscience
Group, National
Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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22
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Aldredge D, An HJ, Tang N, Waddell K, Lebrilla C. Annotation of a serum N-glycan library for rapid identification of structures. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:1958-68. [PMID: 22320385 PMCID: PMC3292799 DOI: 10.1021/pr2011439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications of proteins and has been shown to change with various pathological states including cancer. Global glycan profiling of human serum based on mass spectrometry has already led to several promising markers for diseases. The changes in glycan structure can result in altered monosaccharide composition as well as in the linkages between the monosaccharides. High-throughput glycan structural elucidation is not possible because of the lack of a glycan template to expedite identification. In an effort toward rapid profiling and identification of glycans, we have constructed a library of structures for the serum glycome to aid in the rapid identification of serum glycans. N-Glycans from human serum glycoproteins are used as a standard and compiled into a library with exact structure (composition and linkage), liquid chromatography retention time, and accurate mass. Development of the library relies on highly reproducible nanoLC-MS retention times. Tandem MS and exoglycosidase digestions were used for structural elucidation. The library currently contains over 300 entries with 50 structures completely elucidated and over 60 partially elucidated structures. This database is steadily growing and will be used to rapidly identify glycans in unknown biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Aldredge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technologies, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Ning Tang
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - Keith Waddell
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - Carlito Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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23
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Zhou W, Håkansson K. Structural Characterization of Carbohydrates by Fourier Transform Tandem Mass Spectrometry. CURR PROTEOMICS 2011; 8:297-308. [PMID: 22389641 PMCID: PMC3289259 DOI: 10.2174/157016411798220826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) provides high mass accuracy, high sensitivity, and analytical versatility and has therefore emerged as an indispensable tool for structural elucidation of biomolecules. Glycosylation is one of the most common posttranslational modifications, occurring in ~50% of proteins. However, due to the structural diversity of carbohydrates, arising from non-template driven biosynthesis, achievement of detailed structural insight is highly challenging. This review briefly discusses carbohydrate sample preparation and ionization methods, and highlights recent developments in alternative high-resolution MS/MS strategies, including infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD), electron capture dissociation (ECD), and electron detachment dissociation (EDD), for carbohydrates with a focus on glycans and proteoglycans from mammalian glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristina Håkansson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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24
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Kenny DT, Issa SMA, Karlsson NG. Sulfate migration in oligosaccharides induced by negative ion mode ion trap collision-induced dissociation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:2611-8. [PMID: 23657955 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Migration of sulfate groups between hydroxyl groups was identified after collision-induced dissociation (CID) of sulfated oligosaccharides in an ion trap mass spectrometer in negative ion mode. Analysis of various sulfated oligosaccharides showed that this was a common phenomenon and was particularly prominent in sulfated oligosaccharides also containing sialic acid. It was also shown that the level of migration was increased when the sulfate was positioned on the flexible areas of the oligosaccharides not involved in the pyranose ring, such as the extra-cyclic C-6 carbon of hexoses or N-acetylhexosamines, or on reduced oligosaccharide. This suggested that migration is dependent on the spatial availability of the sulfate in the ion trap during collision. It is proposed that the migration is initiated when the negatively charged -SO3 (-) residue attached to the oligosaccharide precursor becomes protonated by a CID-induced proton transfer. This is supported by the CID fragmentation of precursor ions depleted of acidic protons such as doubly charged [M - 2H](2-) ions or the sodiated [M + Na - 2H](-) ions of oligosaccharides containing one sulfate and one sialic acid in the same molecule. Compared to the CID fragmentation of their monocharged [M - H](-) ions, no migration was observed in CID of proton depleted precursors. Alternative fragmentation parameters to suppress migration of sulfated oligosaccharides also showed that it was not present when sulfated oligosaccharides were fragmented by HCD (High-Energy C-trap Dissociation) in an Orbitrap mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diarmuid T Kenny
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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25
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Mauko L, Pelzing M, Dolman S, Nordborg A, Lacher NA, Haddad PR, Hilder EF. Zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction nano-liquid chromatography of complex and high mannose glycans coupled with electrospray ionisation high resolution time of flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6419-25. [PMID: 21802690 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study we describe a new method for rapid and sensitive analysis of reduced high mannose and complex glycans using zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction nano-liquid chromatography (nano ZIC-HILIC, 75 μm I.D.×150 mm) coupled with high resolution nanoelectrospray ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (nano ESI-TOF-MS). The retention of neutral glycans increases with increasing molecular weight and is higher for high mannose glycans than for complex-type glycans. The selectivity of ZIC-HILIC for sialylated glycans differs from that for the neutral glycans and is believed to involve electrostatic repulsion; therefore, charged glycans are eluted earlier than neutral glycans with comparable molecular weight. Due to the improved sensitivity achieved by employing a ZIC-HILIC nano-column, a range of less common complex glycans has been studied and the high resolution mass spectrometry enabled confirmation of glycan composition for the proposed structures. Good sensitivity for glycans was achieved without prior fluorescent labelling, and the time of the analysis was significantly reduced compared to the separation of glycans on a conventional-size column. The proposed method offers a fast and sensitive approach for glycan profiling applied to analysis of biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Mauko
- Pfizer Analytical Research Centre (PARC), School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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