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Lagator M, Patel B, Sheraz S, Lockyer N. Reactive Gas Cluster Ion Beams for Enhanced Drug Analysis by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39270000 PMCID: PMC11428081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the formation and composition of Gas Cluster Ion Beams (GCIBs) and their application in Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) analysis. We focus on altering the carrier gas composition, leading to the formation of (Ar/CO2)n or (H2O)n GCIBs. Our results demonstrate that the addition of a reactive species (CO2) to water GCIBs significantly enhances the secondary ion yield of small pharmaceutical compounds in the positive ion mode. In negative ion mode, the addition of CO2 resulted in either a positive enhancement or no effect, depending on the sample. However, an excess of CO2 in the carrier gas leads to the formation of carbon dioxide clusters, resulting in reduced yields compared to that of water cluster beams. Cluster size also plays a crucial role in overall yields. In a simple two-drug system, CO2-doped water clusters prove effective in mitigating matrix effects in positive ion mode compared to pure water cluster, while in negative ion mode, this effect is limited. These clusters are also applied to the analysis of drugs in a biological matrix, leading to more quantitative measurements as shown by a better fitting calibration curve. Overall, the doping of water clusters with small amounts of a reactive gas demonstrates promising benefits for higher sensitivity, higher resolution molecular analysis, and imaging using ToF-SIMS. The effectiveness of these reactive cluster beams varies depending on the experimental parameters and sample type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Lagator
- Department of Chemistry, Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Building R113 Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Bilal Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Sadia Sheraz
- Department of Chemistry, Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Lockyer
- Department of Chemistry, Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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2
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Barut I, Fletcher JS. Cell and tissue imaging by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Biointerphases 2023; 18:061202. [PMID: 38108477 DOI: 10.1116/6.0003140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This Tutorial focuses on the use of secondary ion mass spectrometry for the analysis of cellular and tissue samples. The Tutorial aims to cover the considerations in sample preparation analytical set up and some specific aspects of data interpretation associated with such analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inci Barut
- Department of Pharmacy, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Turkey
| | - John S Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 90, Sweden
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3
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Adolphs T, Heeger M, Bosse F, Ravoo BJ, Peterson RE, Arlinghaus HF, Tyler BJ. Matrix-Enhanced SIMS: The Influence of Primary Ion Species and Cluster Size on Ion Yield and Ion Yield Enhancement of Lipids. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2211-2221. [PMID: 37713531 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry is one of the most promising techniques for label-free analysis of biomolecules with nanoscale spatial resolution. However, high-resolution imaging of larger biomolecules such as phospholipids and peptides is often hampered by low yields of molecular ions. Matrix-enhanced SIMS (ME-SIMS), in which an organic matrix is added to the sample, is one promising approach to enhancing the ion yield for biomolecules. Optimizing this approach has, however, been challenging because the processes involved in increasing the ion yield in ME-SIMS are not yet fully understood. In this work, the matrix α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (HCCA) has been combined with cluster primary ion analysis to better understand the roles of proton donation and reduced fragmentation on lipid molecule ion yield. A model system consisting of 1:100 mol ratio dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) in HCCA as well as an HCCA-coated mouse brain cryosection have been studied using a range of Bi and Ar cluster ions. Although the molecular ion yield increased with an increase in cluster ion size, the enhancement of the signals from intact lipid molecules decreased with an increase in cluster ion size for both the model system and the mouse brain. Additionally, in both systems, protonated molecular ions were significantly more enhanced than sodium and potassium cationized molecules for all of the primary ions utilized. For the model system, the DPPC molecular ion yield was increased by more than an order of magnitude for all of the primary ions studied, and fragmentation of DPPC was dramatically reduced. However, on the brain sample, even though the HCCA matrix reduced DPPC fragmentation for all of the primary ions studied, the matrix coating suppressed the ion yield for some lipids when the larger cluster primary ions were employed. This indicated insufficient migration of the lipids into the matrix coating, so that dilution by the matrix overpowered the enhancement effect. This study provides strong evidence that the HCCA matrix both enhances protonation and reduces fragmentation. For imaging applications, the ability of the analytes to migrate to the surface of the matrix coating is also a critical factor for useful signal enhancement. This work demonstrates that the HCCA matrix provides a softer desorption environment when using Bi cluster ions than that obtained using the large gas cluster ions studied alone, indicating the potential for improved high spatial resolution imaging with ME-SIMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Adolphs
- Institute of Physics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marcel Heeger
- Institute of Physics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Bosse
- Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Richard E Peterson
- Institute of Physics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Heinrich F Arlinghaus
- Institute of Physics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bonnie J Tyler
- Institute of Physics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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4
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Tomasetti B, Lauzin C, Delcorte A. Enhancing Ion Signals and Improving Matrix Selection in Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry with Microvolume Expansion Using Large Argon Clusters. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13620-13628. [PMID: 37610942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The molecular environment has an important impact on the ionization mechanism in time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). In complex samples, desorption/ionization, and thus the detection of a molecular signal, can be hampered by molecular entanglement, ionization-suppressive neighbors, or even an unfavorable sample substrate. Here, a method called microvolume expansion is developed to overcome these negative effects. Large argon clusters are able to transfer biomolecules from a target to a collector in vacuum. In this study, argon gas cluster ion beams (Arn+-GCIB with n centered around 3000 or 5000) are used to expand a microvolume from the sample to a collector, which is a material ideally enhancing the ionization yield. The collector is then analyzed using a liquid metal ion gun. The signal amplification factor corresponding to the expansion of phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid on collectors partially covered with acidic matrices was evaluated as an initial proof of concept. In one experiment, the PC expansion on a pattern of four drop-casted matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization matrices led to the selection of α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic (CHCA) as the optimal candidate for cationic PC detection. The ion signal is increased by at least three orders of magnitude when PC was expanded using 10 keV Ar3000+ and Ar5000+ on a sublimated layer of CHCA. Finally, the expansion of the gray matter of a mouse on different materials (Si, Au-coated Si, CHCA, and polyethylene) was achieved with varying degrees of success, demonstrating the potential of the method to further analyze complex and fragile biological assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Tomasetti
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Clément Lauzin
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Delcorte
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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5
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Marshall CR, Farrow MA, Djambazova KV, Spraggins JM. Untangling Alzheimer's disease with spatial multi-omics: a brief review. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1150512. [PMID: 37533766 PMCID: PMC10390637 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1150512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurological dementia, specified by extracellular β-amyloid plaque deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, and cognitive impairment. AD-associated pathologies like cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are also affiliated with cognitive impairment and have overlapping molecular drivers, including amyloid buildup. Discerning the complexity of these neurological disorders remains a significant challenge, and the spatiomolecular relationships between pathogenic features of AD and AD-associated pathologies remain poorly understood. This review highlights recent developments in spatial omics, including profiling and molecular imaging methods, and how they are applied to AD. These emerging technologies aim to characterize the relationship between how specific cell types and tissue features are organized in combination with mapping molecular distributions to provide a systems biology view of the tissue microenvironment around these neuropathologies. As spatial omics methods achieve greater resolution and improved molecular coverage, they are enabling deeper characterization of the molecular drivers of AD, leading to new possibilities for the prediction, diagnosis, and mitigation of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody R. Marshall
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Melissa A. Farrow
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Katerina V. Djambazova
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Spraggins
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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6
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Pohkrel Y, Adolphs T, Peterson RE, Allebrod U, Ravoo BJ, Arlinghaus HF, Tyler BJ. Influence of Matrix p Ka on Molecular Ion Formation in Matrix-Enhanced Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:218-226. [PMID: 36565282 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is one of the most important techniques for chemical imaging of nanomaterials and biological samples with high lateral resolution. However, low ionization efficiency limits the detection of many molecules at low concentrations or in very small volumes. One promising approach to increasing the sensitivity of the technique is by the addition of a matrix that promotes ionization and desorption of important analyte molecules. This approach is known as matrix-enhanced secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ME-SIMS). We have investigated the effect of matrix acidity on molecular ion formation in three different biomolecules. A series of cinnamic acid based matrixes that vary in acidity was employed to systematically investigate the influence of matrix acidity on analyte ion formation. The positive ion signal for all three biomolecules showed a strong increase for more acidic matrixes. The most acidic matrix was then vapor-deposited onto mouse brain sections. This led to significant enhancement of lipid signals from the brain. This work indicates that proton donation plays an important role in the formation of molecular ions in ME-SIMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Pohkrel
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Thorsten Adolphs
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Richard E Peterson
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Ute Allebrod
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Heinrich F Arlinghaus
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Bonnie J Tyler
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149Münster, Germany
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7
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Kruse ARS, Spraggins JM. Uncovering Molecular Heterogeneity in the Kidney With Spatially Targeted Mass Spectrometry. Front Physiol 2022; 13:837773. [PMID: 35222094 PMCID: PMC8874197 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.837773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney functions through the coordination of approximately one million multifunctional nephrons in 3-dimensional space. Molecular understanding of the kidney has relied on transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses of kidney homogenate, but these approaches do not resolve cellular identity and spatial context. Mass spectrometry analysis of isolated cells retains cellular identity but not information regarding its cellular neighborhood and extracellular matrix. Spatially targeted mass spectrometry is uniquely suited to molecularly characterize kidney tissue while retaining in situ cellular context. This review summarizes advances in methodology and technology for spatially targeted mass spectrometry analysis of kidney tissue. Profiling technologies such as laser capture microdissection (LCM) coupled to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry provide deep molecular coverage of specific tissue regions, while imaging technologies such as matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) molecularly profile regularly spaced tissue regions with greater spatial resolution. These technologies individually have furthered our understanding of heterogeneity in nephron regions such as glomeruli and proximal tubules, and their combination is expected to profoundly expand our knowledge of the kidney in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. S. Kruse
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Spraggins
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeffrey M. Spraggins,
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8
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Ekar J, Panjan P, Drev S, Kovač J. ToF-SIMS Depth Profiling of Metal, Metal Oxide, and Alloy Multilayers in Atmospheres of H 2, C 2H 2, CO, and O 2. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:31-44. [PMID: 34936371 PMCID: PMC8739835 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the flooding gas during ToF-SIMS depth profiling was studied to reduce the matrix effect and improve the quality of the depth profiles. The profiles were measured on three multilayered samples prepared by PVD. They were composed of metal, metal oxide, and alloy layers. Dual-beam depth profiling was performed with 1 keV Cs+ and 1 keV O2+ sputter beams and analyzed with a Bi+ primary beam. The novelty of this work was the application of H2, C2H2, CO, and O2 atmospheres during SIMS depth profiling. Negative cluster secondary ions, formed from sputtered metals/metal oxides and the flooding gases, were analyzed. A systematic comparison and evaluation of the ToF-SIMS depth profiles were performed regarding the matrix effect, ionization probability, chemical sensitivity, sputtering rate, and depth resolution. We found that depth profiling in the C2H2, CO, and O2 atmospheres has some advantages over UHV depth profiling, but it still lacks some of the information needed for an unambiguous determination of multilayered structures. The ToF-SIMS depth profiles were significantly improved during H2 flooding in terms of matrix-effect reduction. The structures of all the samples were clearly resolved while measuring the intensity of the MnHm-, MnOm-, MnOmH-, and Mn- cluster secondary ions. A further decrease in the matrix effect was obtained by normalization of the measured signals. The use of H2 is proposed for the depth profiling of metal/metal oxide multilayers and alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Ekar
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef
Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Panjan
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sandra Drev
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center
for Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Kovač
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Shishido R. Effect of cocrystallization due to bile acid on molecular‐ion sensitivity of biological phospholipids in Bi cluster time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Shishido
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku University Sendai Japan
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10
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Moshkunov K, Tomasetti B, Daphnis T, Delmez V, Vanvarenberg K, Préat V, Lorenz M, Quanico J, Baggerman G, Lemiere F, Dupont C, Delcorte A. Improvement of biomolecular analysis in thin films using in situ matrix enhanced secondary ion mass spectrometry. Analyst 2021; 146:6506-6519. [PMID: 34570146 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00727k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity to molecular ions remains a limiting factor for high resolution imaging mass spectrometry of organic and biological materials. Here, we investigate a variant of matrix-enhanced secondary ion mass spectrometry in which the transfer of matrix molecules to the analyte sample is carried out in situ (in situ ME-SIMS). This approach is therefore compatible with both 2D and 3D imaging by SIMS. In this exploratory study, nanoscale matrix layers were sputter-transferred inside our time-of-flight (ToF)-SIMS to a series of thin films of biomolecules (proteins, sugars, lipids) adsorbed on silicon, and the resulting layers were analyzed and depth-profiled. For this purpose, matrix molecules were desorbed from a coated target (obtained by drop-casting or sublimation) using 10 keV Ar3000+ ion beam sputtering, followed by redeposition on a collector carrying the sample to be analyzed. After evaluating the quality of the transfer of six different matrices on bare Si collectors, α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) was selected for further experiments. The mass spectra and depth profiles obtained from the organic layer prior to and after the sputter-transfer of CHCA were compared, along with those obtained from regular ME-SIMS samples (dried droplets) and, finally, with MALDI data for the same matrix-analyte combinations. Signal amplification factors were calculated by dividing the integrated molecular intensities obtained with or without matrix transfer. While the amplification factors are between 0.5 and 2 for molecules already detected with high intensities in SIMS, such as cholesterol or human angiotensin, other compounds show very large integrated signal amplification, even above two orders of magnitude. This is the case for D-glucose and cardiolipin, for which the molecular ion intensity is low (or very low) under normal SIMS analysis conditions. For such low ionization probability compounds, the beneficial effect of the matrix is unquestionable. Test experiments on mouse brain tissue sections also indicate signal enhancement with the matrix, especially for high mass lipid ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Moshkunov
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Benjamin Tomasetti
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Daphnis
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Vincent Delmez
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Kevin Vanvarenberg
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Matthias Lorenz
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.,Present address: PerkinElmer Inc., 6-501 Rowntree Dairy Rd, Woodbridge, ON L4L 8H1, Canada
| | - Jusal Quanico
- Centre for Proteomics (CFP), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Baggerman
- Centre for Proteomics (CFP), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B2020 Antwerp, Belgium.,Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Filip Lemiere
- Centre for Proteomics (CFP), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B2020 Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Dupont
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Arnaud Delcorte
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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11
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Dimovska Nilsson K, Karagianni A, Kaya I, Henricsson M, Fletcher JS. (CO 2) n+, (H 2O) n+, and (H 2O) n+ (CO 2) gas cluster ion beam secondary ion mass spectrometry: analysis of lipid extracts, cells, and Alzheimer's model mouse brain tissue. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4181-4194. [PMID: 33974088 PMCID: PMC8222020 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This work assesses the potential of new water cluster-based ion beams for improving the capabilities of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for in situ lipidomics. The effect of water clusters was compared to carbon dioxide clusters, along with the effect of using pure water clusters compared to mixed water and carbon dioxide clusters. A signal increase was found when using pure water clusters. However, when analyzing cells, a more substantial signal increase was found in positive ion mode when the water clusters also contained carbon dioxide, suggesting that additional reactions are in play. The effects of using a water primary ion beam on a more complex sample were investigated by analyzing brain tissue from an Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mouse model. The results indicate that the ToF-SIMS results are approaching those from MALDI as ToF-SIMS was able to image lyso-phosphocholine (LPC) lipids, a lipid class that for a long time has eluded detection during SIMS analyses. Gangliosides, sulfatides, and cholesterol were also imaged. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Dimovska Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anthi Karagianni
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ibrahim Kaya
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Mölndal, Sweden
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 05, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John S Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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12
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Lorenz M, Zhang J, Shard AG, Vorng JL, Rakowska PD, Gilmore IS. Method for Molecular Layer Deposition Using Gas Cluster Ion Beam Sputtering with Example Application In Situ Matrix-Enhanced Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3436-3444. [PMID: 33571411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a technique for the directed transfer of molecules from an adjacent reservoir onto a sample surface inside the vacuum chamber of a ToF-SIMS instrument using gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) sputtering. An example application for in situ matrix-enhanced secondary ion mass spectrometry (ME SIMS) is provided. This protocol has attractive features since most modern SIMS instruments are equipped with a GCIB gun. No solvents are required that would delocalize analytes at the surface, and the transfer of matrix molecules can be interlaced with SIMS depth profiling and 3D imaging sputtering and analysis cycles, which is not possible with conventional ME SIMS strategies. The amount of molecular deposition can be finely tuned, which is important for such a surface sensitive technique as SIMS. To demonstrate the concept, we used 2,5-DHB as a matrix for the enhancement of three drug molecules embedded in a tissue homogenate. By automatic operation of sputter deposition and erosion (cleanup) cycles, depth profiling could be achieved with ME SIMS with good repeatability (<4% RSD). Furthermore, we explored several different matrix compounds, including α-CHCA and aqueous solutions of Brønsted acids (formic acid) and 3-nitrobenzonitrile, a volatile compound known to spontaneously produce ions. The latter two matrix compounds were applied at cryogenic measurement conditions, which extend the range of matrices applicable for ME SIMS. Enhancement ratios range from 2 to 13, depending on the analytes and matrix. The method works in principle, but enhancement ratios for the drug molecules are rather limited at this point. Further study and optimization is needed, and the technique introduced here provides a tool to perform systematic studies of matrix compounds and experimental conditions for their potential for signal enhancement in ME SIMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lorenz
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Junting Zhang
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander G Shard
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Luc Vorng
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina D Rakowska
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Ian S Gilmore
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
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13
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Delcorte A, Delmez V, Dupont-Gillain C, Lauzin C, Jefford H, Chundak M, Poleunis C, Moshkunov K. Large cluster ions: soft local probes and tools for organic and bio surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17427-17447. [PMID: 32568320 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02398a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionised cluster beams have been produced and employed for thin film deposition and surface processing for half a century. In the last two decades, kiloelectronvolt cluster ions have also proved to be outstanding for surface characterisation by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), because their sputter and ion yields are enhanced in a non-linear fashion with respect to monoatomic projectiles, with a resulting step change of sensitivity for analysis and imaging. In particular, large gas cluster ion beams, or GCIB, have now become a reference in organic surface and thin film analysis using SIMS and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The reason is that they induce soft molecular desorption and offer the opportunity to conduct damageless depth-profiling and 3D molecular imaging of the most sensitive organic electronics and biological samples, with a nanoscale depth resolution. In line with these recent developments, the present review focuses on rather weakly-bound, light-element cluster ions, such as noble or other gas clusters, and water or alcohol nanodroplets (excluding clusters made of metals, inorganic salts or ionic liquids) and their interaction with surfaces (essentially, but not exclusively, organic). The scope of this article encompasses three aspects. The first one is the fundamentals of large cluster impacts with surfaces, using the wealth of information provided by molecular dynamics simulations and experimental observations. The second focus is on recent applications of large cluster ion beams in surface characterisation, including mass spectrometric analysis and 2D localisation of large molecules, molecular depth-profiling and 3D molecular imaging. Finally, the perspective explores cutting edge developments, involving (i) new types of clusters with a chemistry designed to enhance performance for mass spectrometry imaging, (ii) the use of cluster fragment ion backscattering to locally retrieve physical surface properties and (iii) the fabrication of new biosurface and thin film architectures, where large cluster ion beams are used as tools to transfer biomolecules in vacuo from a target reservoir to any collector substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Delcorte
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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14
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Sämfors S, Fletcher JS. Lipid Diversity in Cells and Tissue Using Imaging SIMS. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:249-271. [PMID: 32212820 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091619-103512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are an important class of biomolecules with many roles within cells and tissue. As targets for study, they present several challenges. They are difficult to label, as many labels lack the specificity to the many different lipid species or the labels maybe larger than the lipids themselves, thus severely perturbing the natural chemical environment. Mass spectrometry provides exceptional specificity and is often used to examine lipid extracts from different samples. However, spatial information is lost during extraction. Of the different imaging mass spectrometry methods available, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is unique in its ability to analyze very small features, with probe sizes <50 nm available. It also offers high surface sensitivity and 3D imaging capability on a subcellular scale. This article reviews the current capabilities and some remaining challenges associated with imaging the diverse lipids present in cell and tissue samples. We show how the technique has moved beyond show-and-tell, proof-of-principle analysis and is now being used to address real biological challenges. These include imaging the microenvironment of cancer tumors, probing the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, or tracking the lipid composition through bacterial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Sämfors
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John S Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden;
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15
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16
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Ashoka N, Swamy BK, Jayadevappa H, Sharma S. Simultaneous electroanalysis of dopamine, paracetamol and folic acid using TiO2-WO3 nanoparticle modified carbon paste electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.113819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Narendra DP, Guillermier C, Gyngard F, Huang X, Ward ME, Steinhauser ML. Coupling APEX labeling to imaging mass spectrometry of single organelles reveals heterogeneity in lysosomal protein turnover. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201901097. [PMID: 31719114 PMCID: PMC7039203 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201901097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of stable isotope tracers after metabolic labeling provides a snapshot of the dynamic state of living cells and tissue. A form of imaging mass spectrometry quantifies isotope ratios with a lateral resolution <50 nm, using a methodology that we refer to as multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry (MIMS). Despite lateral resolution exceeding diffraction-limited light microscopy, lack of contrast has largely limited use of MIMS to large or specialized subcellular structures, such as the nucleus and stereocilia. In this study, we repurpose the engineered peroxidase APEX2 as the first genetically encoded marker for MIMS. Coupling APEX2 labeling of lysosomes and metabolic labeling of protein, we identify that individual lysosomes exhibit substantial heterogeneity in protein age, which is lost in iPSC-derived neurons lacking the lysosomal protein progranulin. This study expands the practical use of MIMS for cell biology by enabling measurements of metabolic function from stable isotope labeling within individual organelles in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek P. Narendra
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christelle Guillermier
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for NanoImaging, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Frank Gyngard
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for NanoImaging, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michael E. Ward
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Matthew L. Steinhauser
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for NanoImaging, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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18
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Mounesh, Reddy KRV. Novel garnished cobalt(ii) phthalocyanine with MWCNTs on modified GCE: sensitive and reliable electrochemical investigation of paracetamol and dopamine. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03926h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesized CoTBPCAPc was confirmed by physico-electrochemical analysis, is thermally stable, and has good yield. CoTBPCAPc/MWCNTs/GCE detects PA and its toxic degradation product DA at different potentials, simultaneously and with excellent analytical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounesh
- Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University
- Ballari – 583105
- India
| | - K. R. Venugopal Reddy
- Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University
- Ballari – 583105
- India
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19
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Sheraz S, Tian H, Vickerman JC, Blenkinsopp P, Winograd N, Cumpson P. Enhanced Ion Yields Using High Energy Water Cluster Beams for Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9058-9068. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Sheraz
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John C. Vickerman
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicholas Winograd
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Peter Cumpson
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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20
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Wang SK, Chang HY, Chu YH, Kao WL, Wu CY, Lee YW, You YW, Chu KJ, Hung SH, Shyue JJ. Effect of energy per atom (E/n) on the Ar gas cluster ion beam (Ar-GCIB) and O 2+ cosputter process. Analyst 2019; 144:3323-3333. [PMID: 30968864 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02452a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) is a promising technique for preserving molecular structures during ion sputtering and successfully profiling biological and soft materials. However, although GCIB yields lower damage accumulation compared with C60+ and monoatomic ion beams, the inevitable alteration of the chemical structure can introduce artifacts into the resulting depth profile. To enhance the ionization yield and further mask damage, a low-energy O2+ (200-500 V) cosputter can be applied. While the energy per atom (E/n) of GCIB is known to be an important factor influencing the sputter process, the manner through which E/n affects the GCIB-O2+ cosputter process remains unclear. In this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was used as a model material to investigate the sputter process of 10-20 kV Ar1000-4000+ (E/n = 2.5-20 eV per atom) with and without O2+ cosputter at different energies and currents. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) with Bi32+ as the primary ion was used to examine surfaces sputtered at different fluences. The sputter craters were also measured by alpha-step and atomic force microscopy in quantitative imaging mode. The SIMS results showed that the steady-state cannot be obtained with E/n values of less than 5 eV per atom due to damage accumulation using single GCIB sputtering. With a moderate E/n value of 5-15 eV per atom, the steady-state can be obtained, but the ∼50% decay in intensity indicated that damage cannot be masked completely despite the higher sputter yield. Furthermore, the surface Young's modulus decreased with increasing E/n, suggesting that depolymerization occurred. At an E/n value of 20 eV per atom, a failed profile was obtained with rapidly decreased sputter rate and secondary ion intensity due to the ion-induced crosslink. With O2+ cosputtering and a moderate E/n value, the oxidized species generated by O2+ enhanced the ionization yield, which led to a higher ion intensity at steady-state in general. Because higher kinetic energy or current density of O2+ led to a larger interaction volume and more structural damage that suppressed molecular ion intensity, the enhancement from O2+ was most apparent with low-energy-high-current (200 V, 80 μA cm-2) or high-energy-low-current (500 V, 5 μA cm-2) O2+ cosputtering with 0.5 μA cm-2 GCIBs. In these cases, little or no intensity drop was observed at the steady-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Kung Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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21
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Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Integration with Other Imaging Modalities for Greater Molecular Understanding of Biological Tissues. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:888-901. [PMID: 30167993 PMCID: PMC6244545 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has been increasingly employed to investigate the spatial distribution of a wide variety of molecules in complex biological samples. MSI has demonstrated its potential in numerous applications from drug discovery, disease state evaluation through proteomic and/or metabolomic studies. Significant technological and methodological advancements have addressed natural limitations of the techniques, i.e., increased spatial resolution, increased detection sensitivity especially for large molecules, higher throughput analysis and data management. One of the next major evolutions of MSI is linked to the introduction of imaging mass cytometry (IMC). IMC is a multiplexed method for tissue phenotyping, imaging signalling pathway or cell marker assessment, at sub-cellular resolution (1 μm). It uses MSI to simultaneously detect and quantify up to 30 different antibodies within a tissue section. The combination of MSI with other molecular imaging techniques can also provide highly relevant complementary information to explore new scientific fields. Traditionally, classical histology (especially haematoxylin and eosin–stained sections) is overlaid with molecular profiles obtained by MSI. Thus, MSI-based molecular histology provides a snapshot of a tissue microenvironment and enables the correlation of drugs, metabolites, lipids, peptides or proteins with histological/pathological features or tissue substructures. Recently, many examples combining MSI with other imaging modalities such as fluorescence, confocal Raman spectroscopy and MRI have emerged. For instance, brain pathophysiology has been studied using both MRI and MSI, establishing correlations between in and ex vivo molecular imaging techniques. Endogenous metabolite and small peptide modulation were evaluated depending on disease state. Here, we review advanced ‘hot topics’ in MSI development and explore the combination of MSI with established molecular imaging techniques to improve our understanding of biological and pathophysiological processes.
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22
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Kumar M, Kumara Swamy B, Reddy S, Zhao W, Chetana S, Gowrav Kumar V. ZnO/functionalized MWCNT and Ag/functionalized MWCNT modified carbon paste electrodes for the determination of dopamine, paracetamol and folic acid. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Alnajeebi AM, Vickerman JC, Lockyer NP. The influence of polyatomic primary ion chemistry on matrix effects in secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1962-1970. [PMID: 30133034 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The application of mass spectrometry imaging techniques to determine two- (2D) and three- (3D) dimensional chemical distribution ideally provides uniform, high sensitivity to multiple components and reliable quantification. These criteria are typically not met due to variations in sensitivity due to the chemistry of the analyte and surrounding surface chemistry. Here we explore the influence of projectile beam chemistry and sample chemistry in time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). To the authors' knowledge this is the first time the combined effects of projectile chemistry and sample environment on the quantitative determination of mixed samples have been systematically studied. METHODS Secondary ion yields of lipid and amino acid mixtures were measured under 20 keV C60 , Arn , and (H2 O)n cluster ion bombardment (n = 2000 or 4000) using TOF-SIMS. Ion suppression/enhancement effects were studied in dry sample films and in trehalose and water ice matrices. RESULTS The extent of the matrix effects and the secondary ion yield were found to depend on the chemistry of the primary ion beam and (for C60 , Arn ) on the nature of the sample matrix. Under (H2 O)n bombardment the sample matrix had negligible effect on the analysis. CONCLUSIONS Compared with C60 and Arn , water-containing cluster projectiles enhanced the sensitivity of TOF-SIMS determination of the chosen analytes and reduced the effect of signal suppression/enhancement in multicomponent samples and in different sample matrices. One possible explanation for this is that the (H2 O)4000 projectile initiates on impact a nanoscale matrix environment that is very similar to that in frozen-hydrated samples in terms of the resulting ionisation effects. The competition between analytes for protons and the effect of the sample matrix are reduced with water-containing cluster projectiles. These chemically reactive projectile beams have improved characteristics for quantitative chemical imaging by TOF-SIMS compared with their non-reactive counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan M Alnajeebi
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - John C Vickerman
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nicholas P Lockyer
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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24
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Michałowski PP, Pasternak I, Ciepielewski P, Guinea F, Strupiński W. Formation of a highly doped ultra-thin amorphous carbon layer by ion bombardment of graphene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:305302. [PMID: 29737307 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aac307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ion bombardment of graphene leads to the formation of defects which may be used to tune properties of the graphene based devices. In this work, however, we present that the presence of the graphene layer on a surface of a sample has a significant impact on the ion bombardment process: broken sp2 bonds react with the incoming ions and trap them close to the surface of the sample, preventing a standard ion implantation. For an ion bombardment with a low impact energy and significant dose (in the range of 1014 atoms cm-2) an amorphization of the graphene layer is observed but at the same time, most of the incoming ions do not penetrate the sample but stop at the surface, thus forming a highly doped ultra-thin amorphous carbon layer. The effect may be used to create thin layers containing desired atoms if no other technique is available. This approach is particularly useful for secondary ion mass spectrometry where a high concentration of Cs at the surface of a sample significantly enhances the negative ionization probability, allowing it to reach better detection limits.
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25
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Winograd N. Gas Cluster Ion Beams for Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:29-48. [PMID: 29490191 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gas cluster ion beams (GCIBs) provide new opportunities for bioimaging and molecular depth profiling with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). These beams, consisting of clusters containing thousands of particles, initiate desorption of target molecules with high yield and minimal fragmentation. This review emphasizes the unique opportunities for implementing these sources, especially for bioimaging applications. Theoretical aspects of the cluster ion/solid interaction are developed to maximize conditions for successful mass spectrometry. In addition, the history of how GCIBs have become practical laboratory tools is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the versatility of these sources, as size, kinetic energy, and chemical composition can be varied easily to maximize lateral resolution, hopefully to less than 1 micron, and to maximize ionization efficiency. Recent examples of bioimaging applications are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Winograd
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;
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26
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Development of a Knudsen-type matrix coater for sample preparation for mass spectrometry imaging. Biointerphases 2018; 13:03B407. [PMID: 29421876 DOI: 10.1116/1.5019247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is of increasing interest for biological and medical applications due to its ability to provide chemical information on a submicrometer scale. However, the detection of larger biomolecules such as phospholipids and peptides is often inhibited by high fragmentation rates and low ionization efficiencies. One way to increase the secondary ion molecular yield is to chemically modify the surface using the matrix-enhanced SIMS approach, where an organic matrix is placed upon the surface. In this study, a Knudsen cell type matrix coater was developed in order to produce well-defined thicknesses of a matrix on a sample in order to study the effect of these matrix layers on the secondary ions. Using this technique, an order of magnitude enhancement of the useful ion yield for lipids was observed and clear enhancement of image contrast for lipids in brain tissue was demonstrated. The study shows that the layer thickness has a great influence on the emission of secondary ions, and therefore, its precise control is important for optimal yield enhancement.
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27
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Lee MCG, Sun B. Quantitation of nonspecific protein adsorption at solid–liquid interfaces for single-cell proteomics. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein nonspecific adsorption that occurred at the solid–liquid interface has been subjected to intense physical and chemical characterizations due to its crucial role in a wide range of applications, including food and pharmaceutical industries, medical implants, biosensing, and so on. Protein-adsorption caused sample loss has largely hindered the studies of single-cell proteomics; the prevention of such loss requires the understanding of protein–surface adsorption at the proteome level, in which the competitive adsorption of thousands and millions of proteins with vast dynamic range occurs. To this end, we feel the necessity to review current methodologies on their potentials to characterize — more specifically to quantify — the proteome-wide adsorption. We hope this effort can help advancing single-cell proteomics and trace proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bingyun Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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28
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Ogrinc Potočnik N, Fisher GL, Prop A, Heeren RMA. Sequencing and Identification of Endogenous Neuropeptides with Matrix-Enhanced Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8223-8227. [PMID: 28753276 PMCID: PMC5566790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Matrix-enhanced
secondary ion mass spectrometry (ME-SIMS) has overcome
one of the biggest disadvantages of SIMS analysis by providing the
ability to detect intact biomolecules at high spatial resolution.
By increasing ionization efficiency and minimizing primary ion beam-induced
fragmentation of analytes, ME-SIMS has proven useful for detection
of numerous biorelevant species, now including peptides. We report
here the first demonstration of tandem ME-SIMS for de novo sequencing
of endogenous neuropeptides from tissue in situ (i.e., rat pituitary
gland). The peptide ions were isolated for tandem MS analysis using
a 1 Da mass isolation window, followed by collision-induced dissociation
(CID) at 1.5 keV in a collision cell filled with argon gas, for confident
identification of the detected peptide. Using this method, neuropeptides
up to m/z 2000 were detected and
sequenced from the posterior lobe of the rat pituitary gland. These
results demonstrate the potential for ME-SIMS tandem MS development
in bottom-up proteomics imaging at high-spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Ogrinc Potočnik
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory L Fisher
- Physical Electronics Inc. , Chanhassen, Minnesota 55317, United States
| | - Arnoud Prop
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
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29
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Cai L, Xia MC, Wang Z, Zhao YB, Li Z, Zhang S, Zhang X. Chemical Visualization of Sweat Pores in Fingerprints Using GO-Enhanced TOF-SIMS. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8372-8376. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lesi Cai
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and
Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Chan Xia
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and
Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoying Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and
Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Bin Zhao
- Department
of Forensic Science, People’s Security University of China, Beijing, 100038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanping Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and
Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sichun Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and
Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and
Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
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Popczun NJ, Breuer L, Wucher A, Winograd N. On the SIMS Ionization Probability of Organic Molecules. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1182-1191. [PMID: 28265969 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The prospect of improved secondary ion yields for secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) experiments drives innovation of new primary ion sources, instrumentation, and post-ionization techniques. The largest factor affecting secondary ion efficiency is believed to be the poor ionization probability (α+) of sputtered material, a value rarely measured directly, but estimated to be in some cases as low as 10-5. Our lab has developed a method for the direct determination of α+ in a SIMS experiment using laser post-ionization (LPI) to detect neutral molecular species in the sputtered plume for an organic compound. Here, we apply this method to coronene (C24H12), a polyaromatic hydrocarbon that exhibits strong molecular signal during gas-phase photoionization. A two-dimensional spatial distribution of sputtered neutral molecules is measured and presented. It is shown that the ionization probability of molecular coronene desorbed from a clean film under bombardment with 40 keV C60 cluster projectiles is of the order of 10-3, with some remaining uncertainty arising from laser-induced fragmentation and possible differences in the emission velocity distributions of neutral and ionized molecules. In general, this work establishes a method to estimate the ionization efficiency of molecular species sputtered during a single bombardment event. Graphical Abstract <!-- [INSERT GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT TEXT HERE] -->.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Popczun
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Lars Breuer
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Andreas Wucher
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 47048, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas Winograd
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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31
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Organic matrices, ionic liquids, and organic matrices@nanoparticles assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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32
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Cai L, Sheng L, Xia M, Li Z, Zhang S, Zhang X, Chen H. Graphene Oxide as a Novel Evenly Continuous Phase Matrix for TOF-SIMS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:399-408. [PMID: 27981442 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using matrix to enhance the molecular ion signals for biomolecule identification without loss of spatial resolution caused by matrix crystallization is a great challenge for the application of TOF-SIMS in real-world biological research. In this report, graphene oxide (GO) was used as a matrix for TOF-SIMS to improve the secondary ion yields of intact molecular ions ([M + H]+). Identifying and distinguishing the molecular ions of lipids (m/z >700) therefore became straightforward. The spatial resolution of TOF-SIMS imaging could also be improved as GO can form a homogeneous layer of matrix instead of crystalline domain, which prevents high spatial resolution in TOF-SIMS imaging. Lipid mapping in presence of GO revealed the delicate morphology and distribution of single vesicles with a diameter of 800 nm. On GO matrix, the vesicles with similar shape but different chemical composition could be distinguished using molecular ions. This novel matrix holds potentials in such applications as the analysis and imaging of complex biological samples by TOF-SIMS. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesi Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfeng Sheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengchan Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sichun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
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Changes in the molecular ion yield and fragmentation of peptides under various primary ions in ToF-SIMS and matrix-enhanced ToF-SIMS. Biointerphases 2016; 11:02A318. [PMID: 26829968 DOI: 10.1116/1.4940911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a powerful technique for the nanoanalysis of biological samples, but improvements in sensitivity are needed in order to detect large biomolecules, such as peptides, on the individual cell level at physiological concentrations. Two promising options to improve the sensitivity of SIMS to large peptides are the use of cluster primary ions to increase desorption of intact molecules or the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrices to increase the ionization probability. In this paper, the authors have combined these two approaches in order to improve understanding of the interaction between ionization and fragmentation processes. The peptides bradykinin and melittin were prepared as neat monolayers on silicon, in a Dextran-40 matrix and in two common MALDI matrices, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and α-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid (HCCA). ToF-SIMS spectra of these samples were collected using a range of small Bi cluster primary ions and large Ar cluster primary ions. The trends observed in the molecular ion yield and the [M+H](+)/C4H8N(+) ratio with primary ion cluster size were sample system dependent. The molecular ion yield of the bradykinin was maximized by using 30 keV Bi3 (+) primary ions in a DHB matrix but in the HCCA matrix, the maximum molecular ion yield was obtained by using 30 keV Bi7 (+) primary ions. In contrast, the molecular ion yield for melittin in both matrices was greatest using 20 keV Ar2000 (+) primary ions. Improvements in the molecular ion yield were only loosely correlated with a decrease in small fragment ions. The data indicate a complex interplay between desorption processes and ion formation processes which mean that the optimal analytical conditions depend on both the target analyte and the matrix.
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Abstract
Plant-omics is rapidly becoming an important field of study in the scientific community due to the urgent need to address many of the most important questions facing humanity today with regard to agriculture, medicine, biofuels, environmental decontamination, ecological sustainability, etc. High-performance mass spectrometry is a dominant tool for interrogating the metabolomes, peptidomes, and proteomes of a diversity of plant species under various conditions, revealing key insights into the functions and mechanisms of plant biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Gemperline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Caitlin Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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35
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Narrowing of band gap and effective charge carrier separation in oxygen deficient TiO 2 nanotubes with improved visible light photocatalytic activity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 465:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Dowlatshahi Pour M, Malmberg P, Ewing A. An investigation on the mechanism of sublimed DHB matrix on molecular ion yields in SIMS imaging of brain tissue. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:3071-81. [PMID: 26922337 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have characterized the use of sublimation to deposit matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrices in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis, i.e. matrix-enhanced SIMS (ME-SIMS), a common surface modification method to enhance sensitivity for larger molecules and to increase the production of intact molecular ions. We use sublimation to apply a thin layer of a conventional MALDI matrix, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), onto rat brain cerebellum tissue to show how this technique can be used to enhance molecular yields in SIMS while still retaining a lateral resolution around 2 μm and also to investigate the mechanism of this enhancement. The results here illustrate that cholesterol, which is a dominant lipid species in the brain, is decreased on the tissue surface after deposition of matrix, particularly in white matter. The decrease of cholesterol is followed by an increased ion yield of several other lipid species. Depth profiling of the sublimed rat brain reveals that the lipid species are de facto extracted by the DHB matrix and concentrated in the top most layers of the sublimed matrix. This extraction/concentration of lipids directly leads to an increase of higher mass lipid ion yield. It is also possible that the decrease of cholesterol decreases the potential suppression of ion yield caused by cholesterol migration to the tissue surface. This result provides us with significant insights into the possible mechanisms involved when using sublimation to deposit this matrix in ME-SIMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Dowlatshahi Pour
- Department of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.,National center for imaging mass spectrometry, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Malmberg
- Department of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,National center for imaging mass spectrometry, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Andrew Ewing
- Department of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,National center for imaging mass spectrometry, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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37
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An impedimetric aptasensor based on water soluble cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots (QDs) for detection of ibuprofen. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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38
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Körsgen M, Pelster A, Dreisewerd K, Arlinghaus HF. 3D ToF-SIMS Analysis of Peptide Incorporation into MALDI Matrix Crystals with Sub-micrometer Resolution. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:277-284. [PMID: 26419771 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The analytical sensitivity in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is largely affected by the specific analyte-matrix interaction, in particular by the possible incorporation of the analytes into crystalline MALDI matrices. Here we used time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to visualize the incorporation of three peptides with different hydrophobicities, bradykinin, Substance P, and vasopressin, into two classic MALDI matrices, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (HCCA). For depth profiling, an Ar cluster ion beam was used to gradually sputter through the matrix crystals without causing significant degradation of matrix or biomolecules. A pulsed Bi3 ion cluster beam was used to image the lateral analyte distribution in the center of the sputter crater. Using this dual beam technique, the 3D distribution of the analytes and spatial segregation effects within the matrix crystals were imaged with sub-μm resolution. The technique could in the future enable matrix-enhanced (ME)-ToF-SIMS imaging of peptides in tissue slices at ultra-high resolution. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Körsgen
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Andreas Pelster
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Dreisewerd
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
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39
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Liang Z, Yin Z, Yang H, Xiao Y, Hang W, Li J. Nanoscale surface analysis that combines scanning probe microscopy and mass spectrometry: A critical review. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Körsgen M, Pelster A, Vens-Cappell S, Roling O, Arlinghaus HF. Molecular ME-ToF-SIMS yield as a function of DHB matrix layer thicknesses obtained from brain sections coated by sublimation/deposition techniques. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Körsgen
- Physikalisches Institut; Wilhelm Klemm Str. 10 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Andreas Pelster
- Physikalisches Institut; Wilhelm Klemm Str. 10 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Simeon Vens-Cappell
- Institute for Hygiene; University of Münster; Robert-Koch-Str. 41 Münster 48149 Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF); University of Münster; Domagkstr. 3 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Oliver Roling
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Center for Soft Nanoscience and Graduate School of Chemistry; University of Münster; Corrensstr. 40 Münster 48149 Germany
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41
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Multi-dimensional TOF-SIMS analysis for effective profiling of disease-related ions from the tissue surface. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11077. [PMID: 26046669 PMCID: PMC4457153 DOI: 10.1038/srep11077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) emerges as a promising tool to identify the ions (small molecules) indicative of disease states from the surface of patient tissues. In TOF-SIMS analysis, an enhanced ionization of surface molecules is critical to increase the number of detected ions. Several methods have been developed to enhance ionization capability. However, how these methods improve identification of disease-related ions has not been systematically explored. Here, we present a multi-dimensional SIMS (MD-SIMS) that combines conventional TOF-SIMS and metal-assisted SIMS (MetA-SIMS). Using this approach, we analyzed cancer and adjacent normal tissues first by TOF-SIMS and subsequently by MetA-SIMS. In total, TOF- and MetA-SIMS detected 632 and 959 ions, respectively. Among them, 426 were commonly detected by both methods, while 206 and 533 were detected uniquely by TOF- and MetA-SIMS, respectively. Of the 426 commonly detected ions, 250 increased in their intensities by MetA-SIMS, whereas 176 decreased. The integrated analysis of the ions detected by the two methods resulted in an increased number of discriminatory ions leading to an enhanced separation between cancer and normal tissues. Therefore, the results show that MD-SIMS can be a useful approach to provide a comprehensive list of discriminatory ions indicative of disease states.
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42
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Kim YP, Shon HK, Shin SK, Lee TG. Probing nanoparticles and nanoparticle-conjugated biomolecules using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:237-247. [PMID: 24890130 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bio-conjugated nanoparticles have emerged as novel molecular probes in nano-biotechnology and nanomedicine and chemical analyses of their surfaces have become challenges. The time-of-flight (TOF) secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been one of the most powerful surface characterization techniques for both nanoparticles and biomolecules. When combined with various nanoparticle-based signal enhancing strategies, TOF-SIMS can probe the functionalization of nanoparticles as well as their locations and interactions in biological systems. Especially, nanoparticle-based SIMS is an attractive approach for label-free drug screening because signal-enhancing nanoparticles can be designed to directly measure the enzyme activity. The chemical-specific imaging analysis using SIMS is also well suited to screen nanoparticles and nanoparticle-biomolecule conjugates in complex environments. This review presents some recent applications of nanoparticle-based TOF-SIMS to the chemical analysis of complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Pil Kim
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
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43
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Khezeli T, Daneshfar A. Dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction of dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine from biological samples based on green deep eutectic solvents and Fe3O4@MIL-100 (Fe) core–shell nanoparticles grafted with pyrocatechol. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08058d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DA, EP and NE were determined without interference of ascorbic acid using grafted Fe3O4@MIL-100 (Fe) NPs and a green solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Khezeli
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Ilam University
- Ilam
- Iran
| | - A. Daneshfar
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Ilam University
- Ilam
- Iran
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44
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Lerach JO, Keskin S, Winograd N. Investigations Into the Interactions of a MALDI Matrix with Organic Thin Films Using C 60+ SIMS Depth Profiling. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2014; 46:67-69. [PMID: 26494930 PMCID: PMC4610119 DOI: 10.1002/sia.5545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Molecular depth profiling of multilayer organic films is now an established protocol for cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). This unique capability is exploited here to study the ionization mechanism associated with matrix-enhanced SIMS and possibly matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). Successful depth profiling experiments were performed on model bi-layer systems using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) as the matrix with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) or phenylalanine (PHE). The interaction between the matrix and organic analyte is monitored at the interface of the films. Tri-layer films with D2O as a thin-film sandwiched between the matrix and organic layers are also investigated to determine what role, if any, water plays during ionization. The results show successful depth profiles when taken at 90K. Mixing is observed at the interfaces of the films due to primary ion bombardment, but this mixing does not recreate the conditions necessary for ionization enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan O Lerach
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, PA 16803, USA
| | - Selda Keskin
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, PA 16803, USA
| | - Nicholas Winograd
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, PA 16803, USA
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45
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Lanni EJ, Dunham SJB, Nemes P, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Biomolecular imaging with a C60-SIMS/MALDI dual ion source hybrid mass spectrometer: instrumentation, matrix enhancement, and single cell analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:1897-907. [PMID: 25183225 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe a hybrid MALDI/C(60)-SIMS Q-TOF mass spectrometer and corresponding sample preparation protocols to image intact biomolecules and their fragments in mammalian spinal cord, individual invertebrate neurons, and cultured neuronal networks. A lateral spatial resolution of 10 μm was demonstrated, with further improvement feasible to 1 μm, sufficient to resolve cell outgrowth and interconnections in neuronal networks. The high mass resolution (>13,000 FWHM) and tandem mass spectrometry capability of this hybrid instrument enabled the confident identification of cellular metabolites. Sublimation of a suitable matrix, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, significantly enhanced the ion signal intensity for intact glycerophospholipid ions from mammalian nervous tissue, facilitating the acquisition of high-quality ion images for low-abundance biomolecules. These results illustrate that the combination of C60-SIMS and MALDI mass spectrometry offers particular benefits for studies that require the imaging of intact biomolecules with high spatial and mass resolution, such as investigations of single cells, subcellular organelles, and communities of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Lanni
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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46
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Sheraz née Rabbani S, Barber A, Berrueta Razo I, Fletcher JS, Lockyer N, Vickerman JC. Prospect of increasing secondary ion yields in ToF-SIMS using water cluster primary ion beams. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Barber
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- Ionoptika Ltd; Eagle Close, Chandler's Ford Hampshire UK
| | - I. Berrueta Razo
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - J. S. Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - N.P. Lockyer
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - J. C. Vickerman
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
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47
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Raghu P, Reddy TM, Gopal P, Reddaiah K, Sreedhar N. A novel horseradish peroxidase biosensor towards the detection of dopamine: A voltammetric study. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 57:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Kraft ML, Klitzing HA. Imaging lipids with secondary ion mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:1108-19. [PMID: 24657337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the application of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and magnetic sector SIMS with high lateral resolution performed on a Cameca NanoSIMS 50(L) to imaging lipids. The similarities between the two SIMS approaches and the differences that impart them with complementary strengths are described, and various strategies for sample preparation and to optimize the quality of the SIMS data are presented. Recent reports that demonstrate the new insight into lipid biochemistry that can be acquired with SIMS are also highlighted. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Tools to study lipid functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Kraft
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Haley A Klitzing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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49
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Abstract
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is capable of providing detailed atomic and molecular characterization of the surface chemistry of (bio)molecular samples. It is one of a range of mass spectrometry imaging techniques that combine the high sensitivity and specificity of mass spectrometry with the capability to view the distribution of analytes within solid samples. The technique is particularly suited to the detection and imaging of small molecules such as lipids and other metabolites. A limit of detection in the ppm range and spatial resolution <1 μm can be obtained. Recent progress in instrumental developments, including new cluster ion beams, the implementation of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and the application of multivariate data analysis protocols promise further advances. This chapter presents a brief overview of the technique and methodology of SIMS using exemplar studies of biological cells and tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Lockyer
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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50
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Roushani M, Shamsipur M, Rajabi HR. Highly selective detection of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid using thioglycolic acid capped CdTe quantum dots modified electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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