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Qi L, Liang R, Jiang T, Qin W. Anti-fouling polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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2
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Monitoring with In Vivo Electrochemical Sensors: Navigating the Complexities of Blood and Tissue Reactivity. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20113149. [PMID: 32498360 PMCID: PMC7308849 DOI: 10.3390/s20113149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The disruptive action of an acute or critical illness is frequently manifest through rapid biochemical changes that may require continuous monitoring. Within these changes, resides trend information of predictive value, including responsiveness to therapy. In contrast to physical variables, biochemical parameters monitored on a continuous basis are a largely untapped resource because of the lack of clinically usable monitoring systems. This is despite the huge testing repertoire opening up in recent years in relation to discrete biochemical measurements. Electrochemical sensors offer one of the few routes to obtaining continuous readout and, moreover, as implantable devices information referable to specific tissue locations. This review focuses on new biological insights that have been secured through in vivo electrochemical sensors. In addition, the challenges of operating in a reactive, biological, sample matrix are highlighted. Specific attention is given to the choreographed host rejection response, as evidenced in blood and tissue, and how this limits both sensor life time and reliability of operation. Examples will be based around ion, O2, glucose, and lactate sensors, because of the fundamental importance of this group to acute health care.
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Jiang X, Wang P, Liang R, Qin W. Improving the Biocompatibility of Polymeric Membrane Potentiometric Ion Sensors by Using a Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine Coating. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6424-6429. [PMID: 31034209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric membrane potentiometric ion sensors have been widely used in clinical diagnosis for the detection of electrolyte ions and account for billions of measurements every year throughout the world. However, in many cases of practical relevance, biofouling, which might lead to sensor failure, usually occurs due to the lack of biocompatibility of these sensors. Herein, we describe a simple and robust approach for improving the biocompatibility of the polymeric ion-selective membranes. A marine mussel-inspired polydopamine polymer is used as a hydrophilic coating on the surface of conventional potentiometric ion sensors. Such a coating can be easily formed by self-polymerization of dopamine and robustly deposited on the sensor surface mimicking the adhesion mechanism of mussels. The classical poly(vinyl chloride) membrane-based calcium ion-selective electrode (ISE) is chosen as a model. Compared to the unmodified Ca2+ ISE, the polydopamine modified electrode shows a significantly reduced blood platelet adsorption while retaining original potentiometric ion response properties, which clearly indicates a high antifouling capability induced by the hydrophilic polydopamine coating. We believe that the proposed approach can provide an appealing way to improve the biocompatibility in the development of polymeric membrane electrochemical and optical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , Shandong 264003 , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , Shandong 264003 , People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shandong B&E Bio-technology Co., Ltd , Yantai , People's Republic of China
| | - Rongning Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , Shandong 264003 , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , Shandong 264003 , People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266200 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , Shandong 264003 , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , Shandong 264003 , People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266200 , People's Republic of China
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Badr IH, Abdel-Sattar R, Keshk SM. Enhancing biocompatibility of some cation selective electrodes using heparin modified bacterial cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:687-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Pandey B, Cox CB, Thapa PS, Ito T. Potentiometric Response Characteristics of Oxide-Coated Gallium Electrodes in Aqueous Solutions. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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6
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Pawlak M, Bakker E. Chemical Modification of Polymer Ion-Selective Membrane Electrode Surfaces. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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7
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Badr IHA, Gouda M, Abdel-Sattar R, Sayour HEM. Reduction of thrombogenicity of PVC-based sodium selective membrane electrodes using heparin-modified chitosan. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 99:783-90. [PMID: 24274570 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heparin-modified chitosan (H-chitosan) membrane was utilized to enhance biocompatibility of sodium selective membrane electrode based on the highly thrombogenic polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Sodium ion sensing film was prepared using PVC, sodium ionophore-X, potassium tetrakis(chlorophenyl)-borate, and o-nitrophenyloctylether. The PVC-based sensing film was sandwiched to chitosan or H-chitosan to prevent platelet adhesion on the surface of PVC. Potentiometric response characteristics of PVC-chitosan and PVC-H-chitosan membrane electrodes were found to be comparable to that of a control PVC based sodium-selective electrode. This indicates that chitosan and H-chitosan layers do not alter the response behaviour of the PVC-based sensing film. Biocompatibility of H-chitosan was confirmed by in vitro platelet adhesion study. The platelet adhesion investigations indicated that H-chitosan film is less thrombogenic compared to PVC, which could result in enhancement of biocompatibility of sodium selective membrane electrodes based on PVC, while maintaining the overall electrochemical performance of the PVC-based sensing film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H A Badr
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
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8
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Ghosh G, Bachas LG, Anderson KW. Biosensor incorporating cell barrier architectures on ion selective electrodes for early screening of cancer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2783-91. [PMID: 18537028 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis occurs during the early phase of cancer. Recruitment of new blood vessels by existing cancer cells leads to the release of higher concentrations of cytokines as compared to cells in healthy individuals. Some of the common cytokines observed at higher concentrations, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, are also known to induce increased permeability across an endothelial cell monolayer. A whole-cell-based biosensor has been developed that can detect the presence of small quantities of the abovementioned cytokines individually and in different combinations. It was observed that the biosensor could differentiate between the cytokine concentrations observed in the sera of healthy individuals and cancer patients. The biosensor was also evaluated by exposing it to actual serum. These results demonstrated that the sensor can distinguish between healthy individuals and cancer patients and that the corresponding biosensor responses correlate with the stages of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Ghosh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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9
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Ghosh G, Mehta I, Cornette AL, Anderson KW. Measuring permeability with a whole cell-based biosensor as an alternate assay for angiogenesis: Comparison with common in vitro assays. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 23:1109-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Potentiometric sensors share unique characteristics that set them apart from other electrochemical sensors. Potentiometric nanoelectrodes have been reported and successfully used for many decades, and we review these developments. Current research chiefly focuses on nanoscale films at the outer or the inner side of the membrane, with outer layers for increasing biocompatibility, expanding the sensor response, or improving the limit of detection (LOD). Inner layers are mainly used for stabilizing the response and eliminating inner aqueous contacts or undesired nanoscale layers of water. We also discuss the ultimate detectability of ions with such sensors and the power of coupling the ultra-low LODs of ion-selective electrodes with nanoparticle labels to give attractive bioassays that can compete with state-of-the-art electrochemical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bakker
- Nanochemistry Research Institute, Department of Applied Chemistry, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Ernö Pretsch
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Ghosh G, Bachas LG, Anderson KW. Biosensor incorporating cell barrier architectures for detecting Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:567-74. [PMID: 17119934 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Revised: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alpha toxin is a common virulent factor of Staphylococcus aureus and is believed to play crucial roles in pathogenicity induced by S. aureus. Alpha toxin is also known to induce permeability to endothelial cell monolayers in vitro due to the formation of interendothelial gaps. The present study is directed towards measuring alpha toxin using a whole-cell-based biosensor. The biosensor, consisting of a confluent monolayer of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on a potassium ion-selective electrode, takes advantage of cell permeability dysfunction to detect the presence of small quantities of alpha toxin. When a confluent monolayer of cells was formed on the membrane surface, the response of the electrode toward the marker ion, potassium, was inhibited. Upon exposing this sensor to varying concentrations of alpha toxin for 20 min, an increase in sensor response to potassium was observed. The response thus obtained was indirectly related to the concentration of alpha toxin. The detection limit of this sensor for alpha toxin was found to be 0.1 ng/ml. Cell monolayers were stained with silver nitrate to quantify the formation of intercellular gaps as well as to study the effect of this toxin on HUVECs morphology. A strong positive correlation was observed between the response obtained from the biosensor and the area of the intercellular gaps. Silver staining also revealed the tendency of cells to round up upon being exposed to alpha toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Ghosh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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12
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Gavalas VG, Berrocal MJ, Bachas LG. Enhancing the blood compatibility of ion-selective electrodes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 384:65-72. [PMID: 16132141 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Revised: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In vivo monitoring of various analytes is important for many bioanalytical and biomedical applications. The crucial challenge in this type of applications is the interaction of the sensor with the host environment, which is qualitatively described by the term biocompatibility. This review discusses recent advances in methods and materials used for the improvement of the biocompatibility of ion-selective electrodes especially as it relates to their interaction with blood components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis G Gavalas
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
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13
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May KML, Vogt A, Bachas LG, Anderson KW. Vascular endothelial growth factor as a biomarker for the early detection of cancer using a whole cell-based biosensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:1010-6. [PMID: 15928947 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2005] [Revised: 03/16/2005] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a cytokine and endothelial cell (EC) mitogen that has been studied for its role in angiogenesis of malignant tumors. Elevated quantities of VEGF in the serum and plasma of patients have been correlated with the presence of cancer and metastasis. Since VEGF induces hyperpermeability of EC monolayers, this protein can be detected in vitro with a whole cell-based biosensor. This biosensor consists of a confluent monolayer of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) attached to a cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane of an ion-selective electrode (ISE). Previous studies regarding this biosensor have shown that when the biosensor was exposed to a model toxin, such as histamine, the response of the biosensor served as an indirect measurement of the presence of histamine. Similarly, the biosensor responds to the presence of VEGF, but is much more sensitive because VEGF is known to be 50,000-fold more potent than histamine when inducing EC hyperpermeability. The ISE response increased with increasing VEGF concentration. Since lower concentrations required more exposure time, the detection limit was established as a function of exposure time (2-10 h). The practical applicability of the biosensor was also established with cultured human melanoma cells WM793 (nonmetastatic) and 1205LU (metastatic). The resultant change in the potential values revealed significant production of VEGF from the 1205LU cells. A VEGF ELISA was performed to confirm the VEGF concentration in each sample. The biosensor closely predicted the concentrations determined through the ELISA. These results support the use of a cell-based ISE as a quick screening method for the presence of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M L May
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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14
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Harada NS, Oyama HT, Bártoli JR, Gouvêa D, Cestari IA, Hui Wang S. Quantifying adsorption of heparin on a PVC substrate using ATR-FTIR. POLYM INT 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Hyun M, Piao MH, Cho Y, Shim YB. Ionophores in Rubidium Ion-Selective Membrane Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200303027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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May KML, Wang Y, Bachas LG, Anderson KW. Development of a Whole-Cell-Based Biosensor for Detecting Histamine as a Model Toxin. Anal Chem 2004; 76:4156-61. [PMID: 15253657 DOI: 10.1021/ac049810+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel whole-cell potentiometric biosensor for screening of toxins has been developed. The constructed biosensor consists of a confluent monolayer of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) attached to an ion-selective cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane modified with a covalently attached RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) peptide sequence. When the HUVECs form a confluent monolayer, ion transport is almost completely inhibited, thereby reducing the response of the ion-selective electrode (ISE). When the monolayer is exposed to agents that increase its permeability (e.g., toxins), ions can diffuse through the membrane, and a potential response from the ISE is achieved. Histamine, a model toxin that increases the permeability of HUVEC monolayers, was used in this study. When the cell-based membranes are exposed to varying concentrations of histamine, the overall response increases with increasing histamine concentration. Thus, the measured potential is an indirect measurement of the histamine concentration. Further experiments were performed for a similar molecule, l-histidine, to test for selectivity. The cell permeability was unaffected by l-histidine, and the sensor response remained unchanged. This type of sensor should find multiple applications in medical, food, and environmental fields and in homeland security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M L May
- Department of Chemical, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
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17
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Wang H, Lei C, Li J, Wu Z, Shen G, Yu R. A piezoelectric immunoagglutination assay for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using gold nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 19:701-9. [PMID: 14709388 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(03)00265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The serologic detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulins plays a key role in the clinical diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis. In this paper, a simple, rapid and highly sensitive agglutination-based piezoelectric immunoassay has been firstly developed for directly detecting anti-T. gondii immunoglobulins in infected rabbit serum (IRS) and infected rabbit blood (IRB). The proposed technique is based on that the specific agglutination of antigen-coated gold nanoparticles, averaging 10nm in diameter, in the presence of the corresponding antibody causes a frequency change that is monitored by a piezoelectric device. In contrast to the commonly used piezoelectric assays, it possesses an attractive advantage in that the immobilization of antibody or antigen on the crystal is unnecessary. Use of a newly prepared sensing probe which was modified by a plasma-polymerized film (PPF) of n-butyl amine and further by a heparin layer resulted in a response-enhanced immunoagglutination and a high compatibility of the probe with biological samples. An appropriate reagent consisting of 1% normal rabbit serum (NRS) and 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for diluting the analytes were verified in counteracting the background interference of assay. Moreover, an optimization of assay medium composition with the addition of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) serving as immunoagglutination rate and sensitivity enhancer was investigated in detail. It is found that the developed immunoagglutination assay system is sensitive to dilution ratio of anti-T. gondii antibody as low as 1:5500. Analytical results of several specimens obtained using the developed technique are in satisfactory agreement with those given by the ELISA method, implying a promising alternative approach for detecting anti-T. gondii antibodies in the clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Membranes for the development of biosensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-5193(03)80021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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19
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Frost MC, Meyerhoff ME. Implantable chemical sensors for real-time clinical monitoring: progress and challenges. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2002; 6:633-41. [PMID: 12413548 DOI: 10.1016/s1367-5931(02)00371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, progress has been made in the development of implantable chemical sensors capable of real-time monitoring of clinically important species such as PO(2), PCO(2), pH, glucose and lactate. The need for developing truly biocompatible materials for sensor fabrication remains the most significant challenge for achieving robust and reliable sensors capable of monitoring the real-time physiological status of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Frost
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1055, USA
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Berrocal MJ, Johnson RD, Badr IHA, Liu M, Gao D, Bachas LG. Improving the blood compatibility of ion-selective electrodes by employing poly(MPC-co-BMA), a copolymer containing phosphorylcholine, as a membrane coating. Anal Chem 2002; 74:3644-8. [PMID: 12175148 DOI: 10.1021/ac025604v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogelpoly(2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine-co-butyl methacrylate), or poly(MPC-co-BMA), was used as a coating for polyurethane- and poly(vinyl chloride)-based membranes to develop ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with enhanced blood compatibility. Adverse interactions of poly(MPC-co-BMA) with blood were diminished due to the phosphorylcholine functionalities of the hydrogel, which mimic the phospholipid polar groups present on the surface of many cell membranes. As demonstrated by immunostaining, hydrogel-coated PVC membranes soaked in platelet-rich plasma showed less adhesion and activation of platelets than uncoated PVC membranes, indicating an improvement in biocompatibility owing to the hydrogel. Furthermore, little differences in the potentiometric response characteristics, e.g., slope, detection limit, and selectivity, of ISEs employing uncoated and coated membranes were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Berrocal
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0055, USA
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Ion-sensor property and blood compatibility of neutral-carrier-type poly(vinyl chloride) membranes coated by phosphorylcholine polymers. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Berrocal MJ, Badr IH, Gao D, Bachas LG. Reducing the thrombogenicity of ion-selective electrode membranes through the use of a silicone-modified segmented polyurethane. Anal Chem 2001; 73:5328-33. [PMID: 11721937 DOI: 10.1021/ac010375i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of segmented polyurethanes (SPUs) to in vivo oxidative cleavage and hydrolysis constitutes a drawback in the use of these materials in the fabrication of implantable devices. The introduction of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) groups into the polymer main chain has been previously reported to enhance the stability of SPUs. Herein, we evaluated the use of BioSpan-S, a silicone-modified SPU, in the design of membranes for cation-selective electrodes. The resulting electrodes exhibited good potentiometric response with all of the tested ionophores (valinomycin, sodium ionophore X, and nonactin). The obtained selectivity coefficients meet the selectivity requirements for the determination of sodium and potassium in blood. Moreover, as reflected by SEM studies, membranes prepared with BioSpan-S showed less adhesion of platelets than membranes prepared with conventional poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). These results lead to the conclusion that BioSpan-S would be an appropriate candidate for the fabrication of implantable ion-selective electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Berrocal
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0055, USA
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Bühlmann P, Pretsch E, Bakker E. Carrier-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes and Bulk Optodes. 2. Ionophores for Potentiometric and Optical Sensors. Chem Rev 1998; 98:1593-1688. [PMID: 11848943 DOI: 10.1021/cr970113+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1272] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, Department of Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
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Bakker E, Bühlmann P, Pretsch E. Carrier-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes and Bulk Optodes. 1. General Characteristics. Chem Rev 1997; 97:3083-3132. [PMID: 11851486 DOI: 10.1021/cr940394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1528] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bakker
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan, and Department of Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Anderson DJ, Guo B, Xu Y, Ng LM, Kricka LJ, Skogerboe KJ, Hage DS, Schoeff L, Wang J, Sokoll LJ, Chan DW, Ward KM, Davis KA. Clinical chemistry. Anal Chem 1997; 69:165R-229R. [PMID: 9195857 DOI: 10.1021/a1970008p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D J Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Ohio 44115, USA
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