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Wang B, Wei CY, Wang KW, Fu B, Chen Y, Han Y, Zhang Z. Fabrication of near infrared light responsive photoelectrochemical immunosensor for in vivo detection of melanoma cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115601. [PMID: 37633000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Effective and convenient detection of melanoma cells with high sensitivity is essential to identify malignant melanoma in its early stage. However, the existing detection methods, such as immunohistochemical analysis, are too complicated and time-consuming to realize the convenient in vivo and in situ detection. Herein, a near infrared responsive photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor is proposed with plasmonic Au nanoparticles-photonic TiO2 nanocaves (Au/TiO2 NCs) as photon harvest and conversion transducer and antibody as cell recognition unit. The micro-antibody/Au/TiO2 NCs photoelectrode can easily in vivo distinguish melanoma cells and can realize sensitive detection of melanoma cells in short time of 1 min with a lowest limit of detection of 2 cell mL-1. The PEC immunosensor strategy not only allows us to pioneeringly implement sensitive in vivo bio-detection, but also opens up a new avenue for rational design of cell recognition units and micro-electrode for universal and reliable bio-detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Minhang Branch, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chuan-Yuan Wei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kang-Wei Wang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Minhang Branch, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Baihe Fu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Minhang Branch, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical School, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Minhang Branch, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Zhonghai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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2
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Qiu X, Wu X, Fang X, Fu Q, Wang P, Wang X, Li S, Li Y. Raman spectroscopy combined with deep learning for rapid detection of melanoma at the single cell level. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 286:122029. [PMID: 36323090 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive and metastatic skin cancer caused by genetic mutations in melanocytes, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Understanding the gene mutation information of melanoma cases is very important for its precise treatment. The current diagnostic methods for melanoma include radiological, pharmacological, histological, cytological and molecular techniques, but the gold standard for diagnosis is still pathological biopsy, which is time consuming and destructive. Raman spectroscopy is a rapid, sensitive and nondestructive detection method. In this study, a total of 20,000 Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of melanocytes and melanoma cells were collected using a positively charged gold nanoparticles planar solid SERS substrate, and a classification network system based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) was constructed to achieve the classification of melanocytes and melanoma cells, wild-type and mutant melanoma cells and their drug resistance. Among them, the classification accuracy of melanocytes and melanoma cells was over 98%. Raman spectral differences between melanocytes and melanoma cells were analyzed and compared, and the response of cells to antitumor drugs were also evaluated. The results showed that Raman spectroscopy provided a basis for the medication of melanoma, and SERS spectra combined with CNN classification model realized classification of melanoma, which is of great significance for rapid diagnosis and identification of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Qiu
- School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xingda Wu
- Biomedical Photonics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xianglin Fang
- Biomedical Photonics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qiuyue Fu
- School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shaoxin Li
- Biomedical Photonics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ying Li
- Biomedical Photonics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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3
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Grass D, Beasley GM, Fischer MC, Selim MA, Zhou Y, Warren WS. Contrast mechanisms in pump-probe microscopy of melanin. Opt Express 2022; 30:31852-31862. [PMID: 36242259 PMCID: PMC9576283 DOI: 10.1364/oe.469506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pump-probe microscopy of melanin in tumors has been proposed to improve diagnosis of malignant melanoma, based on the hypothesis that aggressive cancers disaggregate melanin structure. However, measured signals of melanin are complex superpositions of multiple nonlinear processes, which makes interpretation challenging. Polarization control during measurement and data fitting are used to decompose signals of melanin into their underlying molecular mechanisms. We then identify the molecular mechanisms that are most susceptible to melanin disaggregation and derive false-coloring schemes to highlight these processes in biological tissue. We demonstrate that false-colored images of a small set of melanoma tumors correlate with clinical concern. More generally, our systematic approach of decomposing pump-probe signals can be applied to a multitude of different samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Grass
- Department of Chemistry,
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Georgia M. Beasley
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Martin C. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry,
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - M. Angelica Selim
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Chemistry,
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry,
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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4
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Wang C, Guo L, Wang G, Ye T, Wang B, Xiao J, Liu X. In-vivo imaging of melanoma with simultaneous dual-wavelength acoustic-resolution-based photoacoustic/ultrasound microscopy. Appl Opt 2021; 60:3772-3778. [PMID: 33983310 DOI: 10.1364/ao.412609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a common, highly fatal skin cancer. Photoacoustic imaging can achieve highly sensitive and high-contrast detection of melanin molecules in tissues, also inheriting the high penetration depth and high spatial resolution characteristics of ultrasound imaging, thus it is a very promising non-invasive diagnostic tool for early melanoma. In this work, we built an acoustic-resolution-based photoacoustic microscopy system, using 1064 nm/532 nm pulsed light to observe melanoma in the back of a mouse with simultaneous photoacoustic/ultrasound imaging. Through the fusion of multi-modal images, accurate positioning of melanoma and its surrounding normal tissues were realized. This work will further promote the application of photoacoustic imaging in the clinical diagnosis of early melanoma.
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Chen CL, Kuo TH, Chung HH, Huang P, Lin LE, Hsu CC. Remodeling nanoDESI Platform with Ion Mobility Spectrometry to Expand Protein Coverage in Cancerous Tissue. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2021; 32:653-660. [PMID: 33507077 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is an ambient ionization technique that is capable of mapping proteins in tissue sections. However, high-abundant molecules or isobaric interference in biological samples hampers its broad applications in probing low-abundant proteins. To address this challenge, herein we demonstrated an integrated module that coupled pneumatic-assisted nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with high-field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry. Using this module to analyze mouse brain sections, the protein coverage was significantly increased. This improvement allowed the mapping of low-abundant proteins in tissue sections with a 5 μm spatial resolution enabled by computationally assisted fusion with optical microscopic images. Moreover, the module was successfully applied to characterize melanoma in skin tissues based on the enhanced protein profiles. The results suggested that this integrating module will be potentially applied to discover novel proteins in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Lin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hao Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Penghsuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Li-En Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
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Guerreiro EM, Øvstebø R, Thiede B, Costea DE, Søland TM, Kanli Galtung H. Cancer cell line-specific protein profiles in extracellular vesicles identified by proteomics. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238591. [PMID: 32886718 PMCID: PMC7473518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), are important for intercellular communication in both physiological and pathological processes. To explore the potential of cancer derived EVs as disease biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment decision, it is necessary to thoroughly characterize their biomolecular content. The aim of the study was to characterize and compare the protein content of EVs derived from three different cancer cell lines in search of a specific molecular signature, with emphasis on proteins related to the carcinogenic process. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and melanoma brain metastasis cell lines were cultured in CELLine AD1000 flasks. EVs were isolated by ultrafiltration and size-exclusion chromatography and characterized. Next, the isolated EVs underwent liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis for protein identification. Functional enrichment analysis was performed for a more general overview of the biological processes involved. More than 600 different proteins were identified in EVs from each particular cell line. Here, 14%, 10%, and 24% of the identified proteins were unique in OSCC, PDAC, and melanoma vesicles, respectively. A specific protein profile was discovered for each cell line, e.g., EGFR in OSCC, Muc5AC in PDAC, and FN1 in melanoma vesicles. Nevertheless, 25% of all the identified proteins were common to all cell lines. Functional enrichment analysis linked the proteins in each data set to biological processes such as "biological adhesion", "cell motility", and "cellular component biogenesis". EV proteomics discovered cancer-specific protein profiles, with proteins involved in processes promoting tumor progression. In addition, the biological processes associated to the melanoma-derived EVs were distinct from the ones linked to the EVs isolated from OSCC and PDAC. The malignancy specific biomolecular cues in EVs may have potential applications as diagnostic biomarkers and in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda M. Guerreiro
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidun Øvstebø
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Blood Cell Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bernd Thiede
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniela Elena Costea
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBio and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tine M. Søland
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Kanli Galtung
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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7
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Srisongkram T, Weerapreeyakul N, Thumanu K. Evaluation of Melanoma (SK-MEL-2) Cell Growth between Three-Dimensional (3D) and Two-Dimensional (2D) Cell Cultures with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Microspectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114141. [PMID: 32531986 PMCID: PMC7312007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy was used to evaluate the growth of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-2) in two-dimensional (2D) versus three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture systems. FTIR microspectroscopy, coupled with multivariate analysis, could be used to monitor the variability of spheroid morphologies prepared from different cell densities. The characteristic shift in absorbance bands of the 2D cells were different from the spectra of cells from 3D spheroids. FTIR microspectroscopy can also be used to monitor cell death similar to fluorescence cell staining in 3D spheroids. A change in the secondary structure of protein was observed in cells from the 3D spheroid versus the 2D culture system. FTIR microspectroscopy can detect specific alterations in the biological components inside the spheroid, which cannot be detected using fluorescence cell death staining. In the cells from 3D spheroids, the respective lipid, DNA, and RNA region content represent specific markers directly proportional to the spheroid size and central area of necrotic cell death, which can be confirmed using unsupervised PCA and hierarchical cluster analysis. FTIR microspectroscopy could be used as an alternative tool for spheroid cell culture discrimination, and validation of the usual biochemical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapong Srisongkram
- Research and Development in Pharmaceuticals Program, Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-43-202-378
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
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8
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Arnold-Brüning FS, Blaschke T, Kramer K, Lademann J, Thiede G, Fluhr JW, Patzelt A, Meinke MC. Application of parelectric spectroscopy to detect skin cancer-A pilot study. Skin Res Technol 2020; 26:234-240. [PMID: 31549768 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early detection of skin cancer is still challenging and calls for objective, fast diagnostic, and ideally non-invasive methods in order to leave the potentially malignant tumor cells unaltered. In this paper, the parelectric spectroscopy was applied to evaluate the potential of a non-invasive detection of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and malignant melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prototype of parelectric spectroscopy was used to investigate non-invasively dipole density and mobility of suspicious skin lesions. The differences in investigated tissue were analyzed compared to pathohistological findings in a clinical study on 51 patients with suspected BCC and malignant melanoma. RESULTS The non-invasive parelectric spectroscopy could differentiate between normal skin, BCC, and melanoma but failed to distinguish between different types of skin cancer. The data were normalized to unsuspected nearby skin because the different skin locations influence dipole density and mobility. CONCLUSION The results of the pilot study indicate that the parelectric spectroscopy might be an additional, useful non-invasive diagnostic procedure to distinguish between normal skin and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike S Arnold-Brüning
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Jürgen Lademann
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gisela Thiede
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim W Fluhr
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexa Patzelt
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Mullokandov G, Vijayakumar G, Leon P, Henry C, Wilson PC, Krammer F, Palese P, Brown BD. High-complexity extracellular barcoding using a viral hemagglutinin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2767-2769. [PMID: 31988118 PMCID: PMC7022207 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919182117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While single-cell sequencing technologies have revealed tissue heterogeneity, resolving mixed cellular libraries into cellular clones is essential for many pooled screens and clonal lineage tracing. Fluorescent proteins are limited in number, while DNA barcodes can only be read after cell lysis. To overcome these limitations, we used influenza virus hemagglutinins to engineer a genetically encoded cell-surface protein barcoding system. Using antibodies paired to hemagglutinins carrying combinations of escape mutations, we developed an exponential protein barcoding system which can label 128 clones using seven antibodies. This study provides a proof of principle for a strategy to create protein-level cell barcodes that can be used in vivo in mice to track clonal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavriel Mullokandov
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Gayathri Vijayakumar
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Paul Leon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Carole Henry
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Patrick C Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029;
| | - Brian D Brown
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029;
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10
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CAZZANIGA S, WIEDMER C, FRANGEZ Z, SHAFIGHI M, BELTRAMINELLI H, WEBER B, SIMON D, NALDI L, SIMON HU, HUNGER RE, SEYED JAFARI SM. Association of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Subtypes with Melanoma Patients' Characteristics and Survival: A Semantic Connectivity Map Analysis. Acta Derm Venereol 2020; 100:adv00019. [PMID: 31742647 PMCID: PMC9128972 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simone CAZZANIGA
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Centro Studi GISED, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Christina WIEDMER
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ziva FRANGEZ
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Helmut BELTRAMINELLI
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt WEBER
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar SIMON
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luigi NALDI
- Centro Studi GISED, Bergamo, Italy
- Department of Dermatology, Azienda USL 8 Berica - San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Hans-Uwe SIMON
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert E. HUNGER
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S. Morteza SEYED JAFARI
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- E-mail:
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11
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Sitiwin E, Madigan MC, Gratton E, Cherepanoff S, Conway RM, Whan R, Macmillan A. Shedding light on melanins within in situ human eye melanocytes using 2-photon microscopy profiling techniques. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18585. [PMID: 31819095 PMCID: PMC6901595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Choroidal melanocytes (HCMs) are melanin-producing cells in the vascular uvea of the human eye (iris, ciliary body and choroid). These cranial neural crest-derived cells migrate to populate a mesodermal microenvironment, and display cellular functions and extracellular interactions that are biologically distinct to skin melanocytes. HCMs (and melanins) are important in normal human eye physiology with roles including photoprotection, regulation of oxidative damage and immune responses. To extend knowledge of cytoplasmic melanins and melanosomes in label-free HCMs, a non-invasive 'fit-free' approach, combining 2-photon excitation fluorescence lifetimes and emission spectral imaging with phasor plot segmentation was applied. Intracellular melanin-mapped FLIM phasors showed a linear distribution indicating that HCM melanins are a ratio of two fluorophores, eumelanin and pheomelanin. A quantitative histogram of HCM melanins was generated by identifying the image pixel fraction contributed by phasor clusters mapped to varying eumelanin/pheomelanin ratio. Eumelanin-enriched dark HCM regions mapped to phasors with shorter lifetimes and longer spectral emission (580-625 nm) and pheomelanin-enriched lighter pigmented HCM regions mapped to phasors with longer lifetimes and shorter spectral emission (550-585 nm). Overall, we demonstrated that these methods can identify and quantitatively profile the heterogeneous eumelanins/pheomelanins within in situ HCMs, and visualize melanosome spatial distributions, not previously reported for these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephrem Sitiwin
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, 2000, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Michele C Madigan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, 2000, Sydney, Australia
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Robert Max Conway
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, 2000, Sydney, Australia
| | - Renee Whan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Alexander Macmillan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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12
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Palacios J, Matías-Guiu X, Rodríguez-Peralto JL, de Álava E, López JI. [Clinical challenges and implications of intratumor heterogeneity]. Rev Esp Patol 2019; 52:234-241. [PMID: 31530406 DOI: 10.1016/j.patol.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumors display a high, albeit variable, grade of intratumor heterogeneity, both from a clinical and a morphological viewpoint. Furthermore, recent methods of large-scale molecular analysis demonstrate to what extent tumors can also be heterogeneous from a molecular perspective. This is of paramount importance for patients as it has a great impact on the success of so-called precision therapies and explains the reason for a significant number of therapeutic failures in modern oncology. We present an up-to-date review of the latest findings in a group of tumors with a high social impact, commonly seen in the daily routine of the pathology laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Palacios
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRyCIS, CIBERONC, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
| | - Xavier Matías-Guiu
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova y Hospital Universitario Bellvitge, Universidad de Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, IDIBELL, CIBERONC, Lleida, España
| | - Jose Luis Rodríguez-Peralto
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto I+12, CIBERONC, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - Enrique de Álava
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío y AGS Osuna, Universidad de Sevilla, IBiS, CSIC, CIBERONC, Sevilla, España
| | - José Ignacio López
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Instituto Biocruces-Bizkaia, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barakaldo, Vizcaya, España; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Instituto Biocruces-Bizkaia, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barakaldo, Vizcaya, España.
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Yun SJ, Liu S, Buckley M, Wang T, Jin S, Karakousis G, Peters MG, Elder DE, Gimotty PA, Xu X. Stromal inflammatory cells are associated with poorer prognosis in primary cutaneous melanoma. Hum Pathol 2019; 88:78-86. [PMID: 30965022 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We observed that non-tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells are often present in the stroma of melanoma. The role of these stromal inflammatory cells (SIC) in cancer has not been studied. We evaluated the prognostic significance of SIC in 299 patients with vertical growth phase primary melanomas with at least 10 years of clinical follow-up. Lymphatic density and lymphatic invasion in the areas with SIC was quantified. The prognostic significance of these factors was evaluated using univariable and multivariable Cox models for melanoma-specific death and the time to first recurrence. Of the 299 melanomas, 161 exhibited areas with SIC. Percentages of vertical growth phase tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and radial growth phase regression were significantly higher in cases with SIC compared to those without SIC (P = .005); lymphatic invasion was also detected more frequently in cases with SIC (P = .001). Lymphatic density in SIC areas was higher than that in other areas of the melanomas. Patients with SIC had poorer clinical outcome. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGFC) staining in a subset of these melanoma patients showed that VEGFC expression in the stromal macrophages was associated with lymphatic invasion in SIC areas. In conclusion, SIC in melanoma is associated with poorer prognosis, and the prognostic effect is partially mediated through induction of lymphangiogenesis with increased lymphatic invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Jung Yun
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Shujing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Meghan Buckley
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA
| | - Suna Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Giorgos Karakousis
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Madalyn G Peters
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David E Elder
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Phyllis A Gimotty
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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14
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Anastassopoulou J, Kyriakidou M, Malesiou E, Rallis M, Theophanides T. Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Molecular Disorders in Skin Cancer. In Vivo 2019; 33:567-572. [PMID: 30804143 PMCID: PMC6506279 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the molecular structural disorders of cancerous skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human malignant melanoma and basal cell carcinoma biopsies were used for the investigation. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were utilized. Spectral differences between healthy, basal cell carcinoma and melanoma tissues were recorded. RESULTS The FT-IR bands of vasCH2, vsCH2 and Raman vsCH3 of cell membrane lipids were increased in intensity in melanoma due to an increased lipophilic environment. The FT-IR band at 1,744 cm-1 assigned to malondialdehyde can be used as a band diagnostic of cancer progression. The amide I bands at 1,654 cm-1 and 1,650 cm-1 for Raman and FT-IR, respectively were broader in spectra from melanoma, reflecting changes of protein secondary structure from α-helix to β-sheet and random coil. The intensity of the FT-IR band at 1,046 cm-1 was increased in melanoma, suggesting glycosylation of the skin upon cancer development. Another band that might be considered as diagnostic was found at about 815 cm-1 in melanoma and was attributed to Z-DNA configuration. As far as we know, this is the first time that scanning electron microscopy revealed that metal components of titanium alloys from tooth implants were transferred to melanoma tissue taken from the back of one patient. CONCLUSION Vibrational spectroscopy highlighted increased glycosylation in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Anastassopoulou
- Radiation Chemistry and Biospectroscopy, Chemical Engineering School, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kyriakidou
- Radiation Chemistry and Biospectroscopy, Chemical Engineering School, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymia Malesiou
- Radiation Chemistry and Biospectroscopy, Chemical Engineering School, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Rallis
- Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theophile Theophanides
- Radiation Chemistry and Biospectroscopy, Chemical Engineering School, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Louie DC, Phillips J, Tchvialeva L, Kalia S, Lui H, Wang W, Lee TK. Degree of optical polarization as a tool for detecting melanoma: proof of principle. J Biomed Opt 2018; 23:1-7. [PMID: 30554501 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.12.125004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Determining the optical polarization properties of a skin lesion is a proposed method to differentiate melanoma from other skin lesions. We developed an in vivo Stokes polarimetry probe that fires a laser of known polarization at the skin and measures the Stokes parameters of the backscattered light in one shot. From these measured Stokes parameters, we can calculate the degree of polarization (DOP). Through testing on rough skin phantoms, a correlation between backscattered DOP and skin roughness was identified for both linear and circular input polarization, the latter of which was found to be more useful. In a pilot clinical trial of 69 skin lesions in vivo, it was found that the mean DOP for melanoma (linear input on melanoma: 0.46 ± 0.09) was greater than that of other lesions (linear input on all other lesions: 0.28 ± 0.01). This separation is greater for circular polarized input light, and it is likely that circular polarized light's greater sensitivity to surface roughness contributes to this result. In addition, all skin lesions demonstrated a stronger depolarizing effect on circular polarized light than linear polarized light. We have identified DOP as a potentially useful measurement to identify melanoma among other types of skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Louie
- University of British Columbia, School of Biomedical Engineering, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermat, Canada
| | - Jamie Phillips
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermat, Canada
| | - Lioudmila Tchvialeva
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermat, Canada
| | - Sunil Kalia
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermat, Canada
| | - Harvey Lui
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermat, Canada
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Department of Cancer Control Research, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Department of Integrative Oncology, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tim K Lee
- University of British Columbia, School of Biomedical Engineering, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermat, Canada
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Department of Cancer Control Research, Vancouver, Canada
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16
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Kassouf N, Kay CWM, Volkov A, Chiang SC, Birch-Machin MA, El-Khamisy SF, Haywood RM. UVA-induced carbon-centred radicals in lightly pigmented cells detected using ESR spectroscopy. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:153-165. [PMID: 30055236 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-A and melanin are implicated in melanoma, but whether melanin in vivo screens or acts as a UVA photosensitiser is debated. Here, we investigate the effect of UVA-irradiation on non-pigmented, lightly and darkly pigmented melanocytes and melanoma cells using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Using the spin trap 5,5 Dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), carbon adducts were detected in all cells. However, higher levels of carbon adducts were detected in lightly pigmented cells than in non-pigmented or darkly pigmented cells. Nevertheless, when melanin levels were artificially increased in lightly pigmented cells by incubation with L-Tyrosine, the levels of carbon adducts decreased significantly. Carbon adducts were also detected in UVA-irradiated melanin-free cell nuclei, DNA-melanin systems, and the nucleoside 2'-deoxyguanosine combined with melanin, whereas they were only weakly detected in irradiated synthetic melanin and not at all in irradiated 2'-deoxyguanosine. The similarity of these carbon adducts suggests they may be derived from nucleic acid- guanine - radicals. These observations suggest that melanin is not consistently a UVA screen against free-radical formation in pigmented cells, but may also act as a photosensitizer for the formation of nucleic acid radicals in addition to superoxide. The findings are important for our understanding of the mechanism of damage caused by the UVA component of sunlight in non-melanoma and melanoma cells, and hence the causes of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Kassouf
- RAFT Institute, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex HA6 2RN, UK
| | - Christopher W M Kay
- Institute of Structural & Molecular Biology and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Chemistry, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Arsen Volkov
- RAFT Institute, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex HA6 2RN, UK
| | - Shih-Chieh Chiang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mark A Birch-Machin
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sherif F El-Khamisy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Rachel M Haywood
- RAFT Institute, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex HA6 2RN, UK.
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17
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Wang Q, Li Q, Zhou M, Sun L, Qiu S, Wang Y. Melanoma and Melanocyte Identification from Hyperspectral Pathology Images Using Object-Based Multiscale Analysis. Appl Spectrosc 2018; 72:943-946. [PMID: 29888955 DOI: 10.1177/0003702818762092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pathological skin imaging analysis is identified as an efficient technique to diagnose melanoma and provide necessary information for treatment. Automatic detection of melanoma and melanocytes in the epidermis area can be a challenging task as a result of the variability of melanocytes and similarity among cytological components. In order to develop a practical and reliable approach to address the issue, this paper proposed a melanoma and melanocyte detection method based on hyperspectral pathology images. Given the abundant and related spectral and spatial information associated with the hyperspectral skin pathological image, an object-based method was first used to construct the image into the object level; then a multiscale descriptor was performed to extract specific features of melanoma and melanocytes. A quantitative evaluation of 100 scenes of hyperspectral pathology images from 49 patients showed the optimal accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 94.29%, 95.57%, and 93.15%, respectively. The results can be interpreted that hyperspectral pathology imaging techniques help to detect the melanoma and melanocytes effectively and provide useful information for further segmentation and classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingli Li
- 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- 2 Engineering Center of SHMEC for Space Information and GNSS, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- 2 Engineering Center of SHMEC for Space Information and GNSS, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Sun
- 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Qiu
- 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Wang Q, Li Q, Zhou M, Sun L, Qiu S, Wang Y. Melanoma and Melanocyte Identification from Hyperspectral Pathology Images Using Object-Based Multiscale Analysis. Appl Spectrosc 2018; 72:1538-1547. [PMID: 29888955 DOI: 10.1177/0003702818781352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathological skin imaging analysis is identified as an efficient technique to diagnose melanoma and provide necessary information for treatment. Automatic detection of melanoma and melanocytes in the epidermis area can be a challenging task as a result of the variability of melanocytes and similarity among cytological components. In order to develop a practical and reliable approach to address the issue, this paper proposed a melanoma and melanocyte detection method based on hyperspectral pathology images. Given the abundant and related spectral and spatial information associated with the hyperspectral skin pathological image, an object-based method was first used to construct the image into the object level; then a multiscale descriptor was performed to extract specific features of melanoma and melanocytes. A quantitative evaluation of 100 scenes of hyperspectral pathology images from 49 patients showed the optimal accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 94.29%, 95.57%, and 93.15%, respectively. The results can be interpreted that hyperspectral pathology imaging techniques help to detect the melanoma and melanocytes effectively and provide useful information for further segmentation and classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingli Li
- 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- 2 Engineering Center of SHMEC for Space Information and GNSS, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- 2 Engineering Center of SHMEC for Space Information and GNSS, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Sun
- 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Qiu
- 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Abstract
A number of oncogenic driver mutations have been identified in melanocytic nevi and melanoma, but translocations also play a role in tumorigenesis and provide potential therapeutic targets for malignant lesions. Various translocations, such as those involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase 1 (NTRK1), and NTRK3 have been reported in spitzoid melanocytic neoplasms leading to kinase-fusion proteins that result in immunohistochemically detectable ALK or NTRK expression. We have previously reported that ALK expression can be found in nonspitzoid primary and metastatic cutaneous melanomas. In this study we report that nonspitzoid metastasizing melanomas of adults may also harbor NTRK fusions and that NTRK expression can be immunohistochemically detected in these tumors. Of 751 melanomas analyzed by next-generation sequencing, 4 metastatic melanomas were identified with NTRK fusions, 3 involving NTRK1, 1 involving NTRK2. They occurred in 3 women and 1 man. Two of the corresponding primary tumors were from the trunk, 1 from an extremity and 1 tumor arose in anal skin. One primary tumor displayed features of superficial spreading melanoma and 3 were nodular melanomas. All tumors were cytologically characterized by the presence of large epithelioid melanocytes. All tumors were immunoreactive with anti-Trk antibody. Next-generation sequencing documented that the NTRK1 fusion partners included TRIM63, DDR2, and GON4L. One tumor harbored an NTRK2-TRAF2 fusion. Thus, our findings document that NTRK kinase fusions can occur in nonspitzoid metastasizing melanomas of adults. The presence of an NTRK family fusion in these tumors may provide a therapeutic opportunity in a small subset of patients with metastatic melanoma.
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20
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Feng X, Moy AJ, Nguyen HTM, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Fox MC, Sebastian KR, Reichenberg JS, Markey MK, Tunnell JW. Raman biophysical markers in skin cancer diagnosis. J Biomed Opt 2018; 23:1-10. [PMID: 29752800 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.5.057002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy (RS) has demonstrated great potential for in vivo cancer screening; however, the biophysical changes that occur for specific diagnoses remain unclear. We recently developed an inverse biophysical skin cancer model to address this issue. Here, we presented the first demonstration of in vivo melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) detection based on this model. We fit the model to our previous clinical dataset and extracted the concentration of eight Raman active components in 100 lesions in 65 patients diagnosed with malignant melanoma (MM), dysplastic nevi (DN), basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis. We then used logistic regression and leave-one-lesion-out cross validation to determine the diagnostically relevant model components. Our results showed that the biophysical model captures the diagnostic power of the previously used statistical classification model while also providing the skin's biophysical composition. In addition, collagen and triolein were the most relevant biomarkers to represent the spectral variances between MM and DN, and between NMSC and normal tissue. Our work demonstrates the ability of RS to reveal the biophysical basis for accurate diagnosis of different skin cancers, which may eventually lead to a reduction in the number of unnecessary excisional skin biopsies performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Feng
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, Unites States
| | - Austin J Moy
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, Unites States
| | - Hieu T M Nguyen
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, Unites States
| | - Yao Zhang
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, Unites States
| | - Jason Zhang
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, Unites States
| | - Matthew C Fox
- University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Department of Medicine, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Katherine R Sebastian
- University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Department of Medicine, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Jason S Reichenberg
- University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Department of Medicine, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Mia K Markey
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, Unites States
| | - James W Tunnell
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, Unites States
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21
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Loggini B, Rinaldi I, Pingitore R, Cristofani R, Castagna M, Barachini P. Immunohistochemical Study of 49 Cutaneous Melanomas: P53, PCNA, Bcl-2 Expression and Multidrug Resistance. Tumori 2018; 87:179-86. [PMID: 11504374 DOI: 10.1177/030089160108700313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background Thickness and level of invasion are the main morphological elements for an approximate but not sufficiently sensitive prognostic evaluation of cutaneous melanomas. By using immunohistochemical methods it is possible to detect biological markers related to prognosis. We have studied p53, PCNA, Bcl-2 and P-gp expression in 49 primary cutaneous melanomas. Materials We used the immunophosphatase APAAP immunohistochemical method. The percentage of labeled cells (according to four classes of positivity: <5%; 5-25%; 25-50%; >50%) and the localization of immunoreactivity were expressed for each marker. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlations between markers and level or thickness of melanomas. Results We found a good correlation between p53 expression and melanoma thickness (P <0.005), PCNA and P-gp expression. No relationship was observed between Bcl-2 expression and the different variables considered or other markers. Conclusions Our data seem to indicate an unfavorable prognostic role of higher nuclear p53 expression. However, we believe that our results need to be integrated with patients’ clinical follow-up and with the study of the expression of these markers in benign melanocytic lesions to gain more accurate information about their prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Loggini
- Department of Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
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22
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Abstract
Aims Uveal malignant melanoma is the most common intraocular tumor. The aim of this study was the analysis of bcl-2 oncoprotein expression in this tumor type. The melanomas were evaluated according to tumor location and patient age and sex. The relationship between bcl-2 expression and histological type, clinicopathologic stage and the presence of a set of predetermined morphological parameters was analyzed. Methods The study involved 39 patients with ocular melanomas treated with surgery alone between 1983 and 1997. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were treated with anti-bcl-2 antibody (Dako No M0887). Immunolocalization of the bcl-2 oncoprotein was performed using the labeled streptavidin biotin (LSAB) method. bcl-2 expression in neoplastic cells was evaluated in a semiquantitative manner: lack of reactivity was defined as bcl-2 negative, reactivity present in less than 30% of cells as low bcl-2, and reactivity in more than 30% of cells as high bcl-2. The percentage of cells with a positive reaction was assessed independently by two pathologists, and the results were subjected to statistical analysis using Fischer's exact test. Results and conclusion No statistically significant correlation was found between the expression of bcl-2 oncoprotein and the clinicopathologic features analyzed. However, the high percentage of tumors with positive expression of this oncoprotein suggests that it plays a significant role in the biology of uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sulkowska
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Academy of Bialystok, Poland.
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Garcia Gonzalez J, Redondo M, Vicente Ortega V, Rodriguez Vicente J. The Behavior of Two Cell Lines Obtained from Murine (B16-F10) and Human (G-361) Melanomas Implanted into the Eyes of New Zealand White Rabbits, and their Microscopic, Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Appearances. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 5:124-30. [PMID: 7549441 DOI: 10.1177/112067219500500210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A transcleral inoculation of 15x10(6) melanocytes of the B16-F10 and G-361 cell lines was carried out in the anterior chamber of one eye in New Zealand white rabbits. Tumor growth occurred in 24 eyes (77%) of the B16-F10 group and in 22 (73%) of the G-361 group. The tumors of the latter group were mostly amelanic and showed local aggression with ocular perforation and extrascleral growth one month post-implant, while the tumors of the B16-F10 group were intensely pigmented and grew over the iris although they did not perforate the eyeball. Microscopically, the tumors of both groups were of the mixed type, made up of epithelioid and fusiform melanocytes. S-100 protein and Nki C3 monoclonal immunohistochemical techniques showed a positive immunoreaction in all cases of tumor growth. Ultrastructurally, the G-361 melanocytes showed a few melanosomes corresponding to maturity state II and, occasionally, state III, while totally melanized state IV cells predominated in the B16-F10 group. Aberrant melanosomes were common in both groups. The inoculation of 15x10(6) melanocytes of either cell line was useful to produce ocular melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Garcia Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Spain
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Jiménez-Heffernan JA, Adrados M, Muñoz-Hernández P, Fernández-Rico P, Ballesteros-García AI, Fraga J. Cytologic Features of Malignant Melanoma with Osteoclast-Like Giant Cells. Acta Cytol 2018; 62:151-154. [PMID: 29332062 DOI: 10.1159/000486027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma showing numerous osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs) is an uncommon morphologic phenomenon, rarely mentioned in the cytologic literature. The few reported cases seem to have an aggressive clinical behavior. Although most findings support monocyte/macrophage differentiation, the exact nature of OGCs is not clear. CASE A 57-year-old woman presented with an inguinal lymphadenopathy. Sixteen years before, cutaneous malignant melanoma of the lower limb had been excised. Needle aspiration revealed abundant neoplastic single cells as well as numerous multinucleated OGCs. Occasional neoplastic giant cells were also present. Nuclei of OGCs were monomorphic with oval morphology and were smaller than those of melanoma cells. The immunophenotype of OGCs (S100-, HMB45-, Melan-A-, SOX10-, Ki67-, CD163-, BRAF-, CD68+, MiTF+, p16+) was the expected for reactive OGCs of monocyte/macrophage origin. The tumor has shown an aggressive behavior with further metastases to the axillary lymph nodes and oral cavity. CONCLUSION Numerous OGCs are a rare and relevant finding in malignant melanoma. Their presence should not induce confusion with other tumors rich in osteoclastic cells. Since a relevant number of OGCs in melanoma may mean a more aggressive behavior, and patients may benefit from specific treatments, their presence should be mentioned in the pathologic report.
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Toberer F, Enk AH, Hartschuh W, Hassel J. Bone Formation in Cutaneous Nodules on the Leg: A Quiz. Osteogenic cutaneous metastases in malignant melanoma. Acta Derm Venereol 2017; 97:1263-1264. [PMID: 28759101 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Toberer
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, DE-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Thiem A, Kneitz H, Schummer P, Herz S, Schrama D, Houben R, Goebeler M, Schilling B, Gesierich A. Coincident Metastatic Melanoma and Merkel Cell Carcinoma with Complete Remission on Treatment with Pembrolizumab. Acta Derm Venereol 2017; 97:1252-1254. [PMID: 28761962 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biopsy
- Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/pathology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Melanoma/chemistry
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma/secondary
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
- Remission Induction
- Skin Neoplasms/chemistry
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Thiem
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, DE-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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Bolotin DA, Poslavsky S, Davydov AN, Frenkel FE, Fanchi L, Zolotareva OI, Hemmers S, Putintseva EV, Obraztsova AS, Shugay M, Ataullakhanov RI, Rudensky AY, Schumacher TN, Chudakov DM. Antigen receptor repertoire profiling from RNA-seq data. Nat Biotechnol 2017; 35:908-911. [PMID: 29020005 PMCID: PMC6169298 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy A Bolotin
- MiLaboratory LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Poslavsky
- MiLaboratory LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Fanchi
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Saskia Hemmers
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ekaterina V Putintseva
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna S Obraztsova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Shugay
- MiLaboratory LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ravshan I Ataullakhanov
- BostonGene LLC, Lincoln, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute of Immunology FMBA, Moscow, Russia
- Faculties for Physics and Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Y Rudensky
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ton N Schumacher
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitriy M Chudakov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
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28
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Martín JM, Pinazo I, Jordá E, Monteagudo C. Differential Clinicopathological Features in Spontaneous Regression of Melanomas and Melanocytic Naevi. Acta Derm Venereol 2017; 97:692-697. [PMID: 28224168 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the clinical, histological and/or immunohistochemical features that enable differential diagnosis of regression of melanocytic naevi from regression of melanomas. All melanocytic neoplasms with histologically-confirmed regression diagnosed in our hospital between 2002 and 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Lamellar and delicate fibrosis were associated with melanocytic naevi (p <0.0001 and p = 0.021, respectively). Compact fibrosis, high vessel density and higher number of granzyme B+ lymphocytes were associated with malignant melanoma (p = 0.011, p = 0.005 and p = 0.013, respectively). Density of inflammatory infiltrate (p = 0.016), vascular proliferation (p = 0.005), epidermal atrophy (p = 0.009), rate of apoptosis (p = 0.046) and granzyme B immunoreactivity (p = 0.013) was more common in severe-dysplastic naevi and melanomas than in the remaining melanocytic naevi. Logistic regression demonstrates that 5 variables (age, lamellar fibrosis, melanophages, vessel density, and granzyme B immunostaining) would serve to classify appropriately 87% of melanomas among melanocytic lesions with complete regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Martín
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, ES-46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Yip KT, Zhong X, Seibel N, Arnolds O, Schöpel M, Stoll R. Human melanoma inhibitory protein binds to the FN12-14 Hep II domain of fibronectin. Biointerphases 2017; 12:02D415. [PMID: 28565914 PMCID: PMC5451317 DOI: 10.1116/1.4984008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heparin binding site (Hep II) of fibronectin plays a major role in tumor cell metastasis. Its interaction with heparan sulfate proteoglycans occurs in a variety of physiological processes including focal adhesion and migration. The melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) is an important protein that is functionally involved in melanoma development, progression, and tumor cell invasion. After its secretion by malignant melanoma cells, MIA interacts with fibronectin and thereby actively facilitates focal cell detachment from surrounding structures and strongly promotes tumor cell invasion and the formation of metastases. In this report, the authors have determined the molecular basis of the interaction of MIA with the Hep II domain of fibronectin based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic binding assays. The authors have identified the type III modules 12 to 14 of fibronectin's Hep II as the major MIA binding sites. These results now provide a new target protein-protein binding interface for the discovery of novel antimetastatic agents against malignant melanoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- King Tuo Yip
- Biomolecular NMR, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Xueyin Zhong
- Biomolecular NMR, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadia Seibel
- Biomolecular NMR, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Oliver Arnolds
- Biomolecular NMR, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Miriam Schöpel
- Biomolecular NMR, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Raphael Stoll
- Biomolecular NMR, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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30
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Ozaki S, Funasaka Y, Otsuka Y, Oyama S, Ito M, Osada SI, Ueno T, Okamura K, Hozumi Y, Suzuki T, Kawana S, Saeki H. Melanotic Malignant Melanoma in Oculocutaneous Albinism Type 4. Acta Derm Venereol 2017; 97:287-288. [PMID: 27350326 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Ozaki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, 113-8603 TOKYO, Japan.
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31
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Rodriguez M, Patil Y, Gupta A. A case of radiation-induced mucosal melanoma in an immunohistochemically S-100-negative patient. Ear Nose Throat J 2016; 95:334-342. [PMID: 27551844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of radiation-induced mucosal melanoma in a 41-year-old woman with a history of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma of the nasal cavity that had been treated with radiotherapy. During the workup for the melanoma, the patient was found to be negative for S-100 protein on immunostaining. While many melanotic markers for the histologic confirmation of melanoma exist, they can be negative in some cases, such as ours. To the best of our knowledge, only 1 case of radiation-induced melanoma has been previously reported in the English-language literature, and in that case the patient was S-100-positive. Although our case is rare, it suggests another possible long-term adverse effect of radiotherapy. We also describe the morphologies and histology associated with diagnosing melanoma in an S-100-negative patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rodriguez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, St. John Macomb-Oakland Hospital, 27351 Dequindre Rd., Madison Heights, MI 48071, USA
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32
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Rosai J. Clear Cell Sarcoma and Osteoclast-Rich Clear Cell Sarcoma-Like Tumor of the Gastrointestinal Tract: One Tumor Type or Two? Melanoma or Sarcoma? Int J Surg Pathol 2016; 13:309-11. [PMID: 16273185 DOI: 10.1177/106689690501300401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Rare cases of metastasis to uterine polyps have been reported in English literature but not, to the best of our knowledge, to uterine adenomyomas. All these cases are represented by breast cancer, most of them involving tamoxifen-associated polyps. We first report a case of cutaneous malignant melanoma metastatic to uterine adenomyoma. A computed tomography scan did not reveal any further evidence of disease, suggesting that this metastatic localization may represent something more than a fortuitous case. Based on these observations it is suggested that a subset of malignant melanoma and breast cancer cells share a sort of “homing” phenomenon to polypoid lesions of uterus, due probably to the presence of some chemokines and their specific receptors. Pathologists should be aware of this possibility in order to look carefully for metastatic implants in similar lesions. It is proposed that chemokine profile of neoplastic cells can be a useful tool in predicting metastatic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Di Tommaso
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of Milan, Humanitas Clinical Institute, Rozzano, Italy
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Beaty MW, Quezado M, Sobel ME, Duray P, Merino MJ. Loss of Heterozygosity on Chromosome 1 and 9 and Hormone Receptor Analysis of Metastatic Malignant Melanoma Presenting in Breast. Int J Surg Pathol 2016; 13:9-18. [PMID: 15735850 DOI: 10.1177/106689690501300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM), the most common metastatic solid tumor to involve the breast, may present as a diagnostic problem, frequently requiring the use of ancillary studies for accurate diagnosis. The implication of hormonal interplay is strong since metastatic MM to the breast is seen nearly always in women. However, the role of hormonal status as a predisposing factor in the development of this entity is largely unresolved. A number of chromosomal loci, including ip36 and 9p2l-22, appear to harbor critical genes important to melanoma tumorigenesis, and additionally chromosome 9q22.3-31. We wanted to know if metastatic MM in breast showed chromosome lp and 9p genetic alterations (loss of heterozygosity) similar to those that occur in primary cutaneous MM, and whether additional 9q LOH changes are present. Hormonal receptor status of the metastatic MM was also determined. We identified 20 patients with known MM metastatic to the breast, which we analyzed with the following genetic markers: D9S12 (9q22.3), D9S171 (9p21), IFNA (9p22), and DlS450 (ip). Visually directed microdissection was performed on archival histologic slides containing both tumor and adjacent normal breast epithelium, followed by single-step DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for evaluation of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for the above-listed markers. Immunohistochemical (IHC) stains for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) was performed on 10 of the cases. Twelve of the 20 cases contained DNA suitable for PCR amplification following direct visualization microdissection. Four of 8 (50%) informative cases showed LOH at 9p21 with D9S171. Ten cases were heterozygous for IFNA, with 2 cases (20%) showing LOH at this locus. These particular cases also showed LOH at 9p21. One of 9 (11%) informative cases showed LOH for DlS450 (Ip36). Five cases were heterozygous for D9S12, and 2 1-22 (50%) and lp36 (11%), as previously described in primary cutaneous MM. Additional LOH was observed at the 9q22.3-31 locus (40%). We suggest this locus to be investigated for harboring potential genes important in the tumorigenesis of cutaneous MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Beaty
- Laboratory of Pathology, Surgical Pathology Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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35
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Abstract
The incidence of melanoma among the Asian population is lower compared to that among the Western European population. These populations differed in their most common histopathologic subtypes, acral lentiginous melanoma being the most common in the Asian population. Although the dermoscopic features of the melanomas on the acral skin have been thoroughly investigated in the Asian population, studies concerning the dermoscopic patterns of melanomas on the non-acral skin have been scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the dermoscopic patterns of melanomas on the trunk and extremities in the Asian population. To achieve this, we evaluated the dermoscopic patterns of 22 primary melanomas diagnosed at two university hospitals in Korea. In addition, 100 benign melanocytic lesions were included as the control group for comparative analysis. A P value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Melanoma-associated dermoscopic features such as asymmetry (odds ratio [OR], 30.00), multicolor pattern (OR, 30.12), blotches (OR, 13.50), blue white veils (OR, 15.75), atypical pigment networks (OR, 9.71), irregular peripheral streaks (OR, 6.30), atypical vascular patterns (OR, 11.50), ulcers (OR, 15.83), atypical dots/globules (OR, 3.15), shiny white lines (OR, 5.88), and regression structures (OR, 7.06) were more commonly observed in patients with melanomas than in patients of the control group. The mean dermoscopic scores obtained on the 7-point checklist, revised 7-point checklist, 3-point checklist, ABCD rule, and CASH algorithm were 5.36, 3.41, 2.05, 6.89, and 9.68, respectively, in the primary melanomas, and 1.33, 0.93, 0.46, 2.45, and 3.60, respectively, in the control group (all, P < 0.001). The present study showed that melanoma-related dermoscopic patterns were common in Asian patients. Dermoscopy is a reliable diagnostic tool for the melanomas of the trunk and extremities in the Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Ho Mun
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungyoon Ohn
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Il Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung-Min Park
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Moon-Bum Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Sunlight's ultraviolet wavelengths induce cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), which then cause mutations that lead to melanoma or to cancers of skin keratinocytes. In pigmented melanocytes, we found that CPDs arise both instantaneously and for hours after UV exposure ends. Remarkably, the CPDs arising in the dark originate by a novel pathway that resembles bioluminescence but does not end in light: First, UV activates the enzymes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and NADPH oxidase (NOX), which generate the radicals nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2(-)); these combine to form the powerful oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). A fragment of the skin pigment melanin is then oxidized, exciting an electron to an energy level so high that it is rarely seen in biology. This process of chemically exciting electrons, termed "chemiexcitation", is used by fireflies to generate light but it had never been seen in mammalian cells. In melanocytes, the energy transfers radiationlessly to DNA, inducing CPDs. Chemiexcitation is a new source of genome instability, and it calls attention to endogenous mechanisms of genome maintenance that prevent electronic excitation or dissipate the energy of excited states. Chemiexcitation may also trigger pathogenesis in internal tissues because the same chemistry should arise wherever superoxide and nitric oxide arise near cells that contain melanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Premi
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St./HRT 213, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA.
| | - Douglas E Brash
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St./HRT 213, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA; Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040 USA.
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Nikolin B, Djan I, Trifunovic J, Dugandzija T, Novkovic D, Djan V, Vucinic N. MIA, S100 and LDH as important predictors of overall survival of patients with stage IIb and IIc melanoma. J BUON 2016; 21:691-697. [PMID: 27569092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Melanoma represents the most severe form of skin cancer. Detection of specific tumor markers is an important step in disease diagnosis and treatment, contributing to personalized therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of MIA, S-100 and LDH as biomarkers for the estimation of overall survival and disease-free survival rate in patients with stage IIa, IIb vs stage IIc melanoma. METHODS Selected biomarkers MIA, S-100 and LDH were prospectively evaluated in 80 patients with melanoma. Patients were divided in two groups according to tumor thickness. The first group (group A) consisted of patients with primary tumor thickness between 2.0 - 4.0 mm (N=40), i.e. IIa and IIb stage of disease (16 males; 40%, and 24 females; 60%). The second group (group B) consisted of 40 patients with primary tumor thickness over 4.0 mm, i.e. IIc stage, which is considered as high risk group (26 males; 65%, and 14 females 35%). Statistical analyses were performed to estimate overall survival and disease-free survival in both patient groups. RESULTS In group A a significant difference in overall survival was found among MIA1, MIA2 and MIA3 scores, while the other 2 markers didn't show significant differences. In group B statistically significant differences in overall survival were found regarding all three biomarkers. Statistically significant differences in disease-free survival were found for MIA1 score compared to MIA2 and MIA3 scores. Also, very significant difference was detected in patients with S-100 below 0.106 and above 0.106. The same was confirmed for normal and increased LDH level in group B for disease-free survival. CONCLUSION MIA score, S100 protein and LDH in the IIC group B patients might be useful in the prediction of overall survival and disease free survival.
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Wang L, Zong L, Nakazato H, Wang WY, Li CF, Shi YF, Zhang GC, Tang T. Primary advanced esophago-gastric melanoma: A rare case. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3296-3301. [PMID: 27004009 PMCID: PMC4790007 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i11.3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary esophageal or gastric melanoma is a very rare disease with early metastasis. Due to its atypical symptom and less efficiency of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the prognosis of esophageal or gastric melanoma is still very poor. Surgical resection remains the preferential treatment for esophageal or gastric melanoma. Here we present an extremely rare case of primary advanced esophago-gastric melanoma. Debulking surgery was performed without chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, abdominal recurrence and hepatic metastases were found within one month by a postoperative follow-up computed tomography. Three and a half months after surgical resection, the patient died of extensive abdominal metastasis.
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Hara H, Naito M, Harada T, Tsuboi I, Terui T, Aizawa S. Quantitative Analysis of Formaldehyde-induced Fluorescence in Paraffin-embedded Specimens of Malignant Melanomas and Other Melanocytic Lesions. Acta Derm Venereol 2016; 96:309-13. [PMID: 26350793 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-observer agreement is problematic in the histopathological diagnosis of melanoma and melanocytic naevi, even among expert pathologists. Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF) has been used for histochemical demonstration of catecholamines, 5-hydroxytryptamine and their immediate precursors. FIF can detect melanogenic activity and may be useful in differentiating malignant melanoma from other melanocytic lesions. The fluorescence of various types of melanocytic lesions has been previously studied quantitatively in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. This study compared 2 sets of excitation and emission bands: 450-490 nm excitation/510-560 nm absorption filters (filter unit A) and 480 nm excitation/510< nm absorption filters (filter unit B). Higher FIF was observed with filter unit A than with filter unit B. FIF intensity of central regions was found to be higher than that of the peripheral regions. Mean FIF was significantly higher in malignant melanomas than in naevi. Fluorescence imaging with filter unit A gave better diagnostic performance. In conclusion, quantitative measurement of FIF is a useful marker of malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hara
- Division of Anatomical Science, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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40
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Wald N, Bordry N, Foukas PG, Speiser DE, Goormaghtigh E. Identification of melanoma cells and lymphocyte subpopulations in lymph node metastases by FTIR imaging histopathology. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1862:202-12. [PMID: 26612718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While early stages of melanoma are usually cured by surgery, metastatic melanomas are difficult to treat because the widely available options have low response rates. Careful and precise diagnosis and staging are essential to determine patient's risk and to select appropriate treatments. Fortunately, the recent progress in immunotherapy is very encouraging. In this context, it is important to characterize the intratumoral infiltration of immune cells in each patient, which is however not done routinely due to the lack of standardized methods. In this study, we used Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging combined with multivariate statistical analyses to investigate non-metastatic and metastatic lymph nodes from melanoma patients. Our results show that the different cell types have different infrared spectral features allowing automated identification of these cell types. High recognition rates were obtained using a supervised partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model. Melanoma cells were recognized with 87.1% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity, showing that FTIR spectroscopy has similar detection power as immunohistochemistry. Besides, FTIR imaging could also distinguish lymphocyte subpopulations (B and T cells). Finally, we investigated the changes in lymphocytes due to the presence of metastases. Interestingly, specific features of spectra of lymphocytes present in metastatic or tumor-free lymph nodes could be evidenced by PCA. A PLS-DA model was capable of predicting whether lymphocytes originated from invaded or non-invaded lymph nodes. These data demonstrate that FTIR imaging is capable to distinguish known and also novel biological features in human tissues, with potential practical relevance for histopathological diagnosis and biomarker assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wald
- Laboratory for the Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Center for Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - N Bordry
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P G Foukas
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D E Speiser
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Goormaghtigh
- Laboratory for the Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Center for Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Tsao SCH, Vaidyanathan R, Dey S, Carrascosa LG, Christophi C, Cebon J, Shiddiky MJA, Behren A, Trau M. Capture and On-chip analysis of Melanoma Cells Using Tunable Surface Shear forces. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19709. [PMID: 26815318 PMCID: PMC4728558 DOI: 10.1038/srep19709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With new systemic therapies becoming available for metastatic melanoma such as BRAF and PD-1 inhibitors, there is an increasing demand for methods to assist with treatment selection and response monitoring. Quantification and characterisation of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) has been regarded as an excellent non-invasive candidate but a sensitive and efficient tool to do these is lacking. Herein we demonstrate a microfluidic approach for melanoma cell capture and subsequent on-chip evaluation of BRAF mutation status. Our approach utilizes a recently discovered alternating current electrohydrodynamic (AC-EHD)-induced surface shear forces, referred to as nanoshearing. A key feature of nanoshearing is the ability to agitate fluid to encourage contact with surface-bound antibody for the cell capture whilst removing nonspecific cells from the surface. By adjusting the AC-EHD force to match the binding affinity of antibodies against the melanoma-associated chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (MCSP), a commonly expressed melanoma antigen, this platform achieved an average recovery of 84.7% from biological samples. Subsequent staining with anti-BRAF(V600E) specific antibody enabled on-chip evaluation of BRAF(V600E) mutation status in melanoma cells. We believe that the ability of nanoshearing-based capture to enumerate melanoma cells and subsequent on-chip characterisation has the potential as a rapid screening tool while making treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chang-Hao Tsao
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
- Department of Surgery – Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research – Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Ramanathan Vaidyanathan
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland
| | - Shuvashis Dey
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland
| | - Laura G. Carrascosa
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland
| | - Christopher Christophi
- Department of Surgery – Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Jonathan Cebon
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine- La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research – Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland
| | - Andreas Behren
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine- La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research – Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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42
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Lee DY, Park SW. The distribution pattern of HMB-45-positive cells is helpful for the diagnosis of early acral lentiginous melanoma in situ. Int J Dermatol 2015; 54:e235-7. [PMID: 25773399 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Youn Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Se-Won Park
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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43
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Arcega R, Yong WH, Xu H. Malignant melanoma mimicking giant cell variant of glioblastoma multiforme: a case report and review of literature. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:5929-33. [PMID: 26191321 PMCID: PMC4503192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of metastatic malignant melanoma in a patient initially diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme, giant cell variant. A forty year old female presented to our institution for a re-resection of a recurrent right parietal lobe mass, presumed to be recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. PET scan during preoperative evaluation revealed a 3 cm left lower lobe lung mass. Metastatic glioblastoma to lung was considered in the differential diagnosis. Resection of the brain mass revealed a highly pleomorphic giant and spindle cell lesion with an immunophenotype strongly supportive of melanoma. Immunostains for melanocytic markers were subsequently performed on the lung biopsy specimen, and demonstrated diffuse staining of the atypical cells, supporting the diagnosis of malignant melanoma in the lung. This case demonstrates the importance of considering melanoma in the differential in any tumor with high grade features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramir Arcega
- Department of Pathology, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William H Yong
- Department of Pathology, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haodong Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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44
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Ma Y, Faller WJ, Sansom OJ, Brown ER, Doig TN, Melton DW, Machesky LM. Fascin expression is increased in metastatic lesions but does not correlate with progression nor outcome in melanoma. Melanoma Res 2015; 25:169-72. [PMID: 25535872 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Levels of the actin bundling protein fascin correlate with invasion and metastasis and reveal prognostic value in many epithelial carcinomas. However, we know very little about the potential role of fascin in melanoma. The purpose of this study is to compare fascin expression in primary melanomas and melanoma metastasis. Fascin expression was examined through the immunohistochemistry of paraffin embedded tissue microarrays including 560 cores of primary tumour and metastasis. Fascin expression was significantly elevated in 48 metastases compared with 254 primary tumours (P=0.034). In 187 patients with primary melanomas, fascin was not correlated with survival (P=0.067), whereas low fascin was significantly correlated with the presence of ulceration (P=0.005). Our results indicate that fascin status does not correlate with progression in melanoma. Upregulated fascin expression was detected in melanoma metastases, but was not correlated to patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Ma
- aBeatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow bEdinburgh Cancer Centre cDepartment of Pathology, NHS Lothian, Western General Hospital dEdinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK eMedical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
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45
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Kouladouros K, Gärtner D, Münch S, Paul M, Schön MR. Recurrent intussusception as initial manifestation of primary intestinal melanoma: Case report and literature review. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3114-3120. [PMID: 25780313 PMCID: PMC4356935 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i10.3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric intussusception caused by primary intestinal malignant melanoma is a very rare cause of intestinal obstruction. We herein present a case of a 42-year-old female patient with no prior medical history of malignant melanoma, who was admitted with persistent abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. A computed tomography scan revealed an intestinal obstruction due to ileocolic intussusception. An emergency laparoscopy and subsequent laparotomy revealed multiple small solid tumors across the whole small bowel. An oncologic resection was not feasible due to the insufficient length of the remaining small bowel. Only a small segment of ileum, which included the largest tumors causing the intussusception, was resected. The pathologic examination revealed two intestinal malignant melanoma lesions. A systematic clinical examination, endoscopic procedures, and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan all failed to reveal any indication of cutaneous, anal, or retinal melanoma. Hence, the tumor was classified as a primary intestinal malignant melanoma with multiple intestinal metastases. Since a complete oncologic resection of tumors was not possible, in order to prevent future intestinal obstruction, a surgical resection of the largest lesions was performed with palliative intention. The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management of primary intestinal malignant melanoma, and intestinal intussusception in adults are discussed along with a review of the current literature.
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46
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Liszkay G. [Advancements in the diagnosis of melanoma]. Magy Onkol 2015; 59:68-72. [PMID: 25763916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The continuously increasing incidence of melanoma and new developments in the therapy of metastatic disease require accurate diagnosis in all stages of melanoma. This study overviews the development of diagnostics tools in recent years/decades that are used in everyday medical practice such as optical diagnostic tools utilized for diagnosing primary tumors, sentinel lymph node biopsy, developments in molecular diagnostics, as well as the role of PET/CT in imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Liszkay
- Onkodermatológiai Osztály, Országos Onkológiai Intézet, Budapest, Hungary.
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47
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Abstract
We imaged a single case of oral malignant melanoma using terahertz (THz) reflection imaging at room temperature (20 °C) and below freezing (-20 °C). A malignant nodule beneath the oral tissue surface was visualized using 2-D and B-scan THz imaging techniques. The THz images were well correlated with the histological findings. The nodule was found to have lower water content than that of normal cells, and this water effect may have influenced the THz refractive index and absorption coefficient at 20 °C. The THz spectroscopic image of the frozen tissue at -20 °C showed better contrast because of the lack of liquid water; this implies that there are significant structural differences between malignant oral melanoma cells and normal mucosal cells. The better contrast in the frozen tissue images was due to the greater penetration of THz radiation into the sample. This temperature-dependent THz imaging approach demonstrated the feasibility of accurate imaging of the oral tumor tissue.
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48
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Spyropoulos C, Melachrinou M, Vasilakos P, Tzorakoleftherakis E. Expression of estrogen receptors in melanoma and sentinel lymph nodes; a "female" clinical entity or a possible treatment modality? EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2015; 36:123-130. [PMID: 26050347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The natural history of human malignant melanoma suggests that steroid hormones may affect the biological behavior of this tumor. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the specific immunostaining patterns of estrogen receptors in malignant melanomas and their sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), as well as to examine any possible association with patients' prognosis and overall survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was conducted during a 12-year period (2001-2012). Sixty patients with mean age of 54.4 ± 14.5 years diagnosed with melanomas of varying depth (Clark) and thickness (Breslow) after excision biopsy of pre-existing melanocytic lesions, were included in the study. All patients underwent wide excision of the primary tumor and SLN identification. Determination of estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) and beta (ERb) status by immunohistochemistry on tumor and nodal paraffin blocks was performed in all feasible cases. RESULTS ERb but not ERa was the predominant estrogen receptor found in all primary tumors and SLNs examined. The most intense ERb immunostaining was seen in negative SLNs associated with thinner, less invading melanomas. ERb expression in the primary tumor seems to correlate with the cellular microenvironment, possibly altering the process of SLN invasion. CONCLUSIONS ERb expression is down-regulated in aggressive melanomas with sentinel nodal metastatic disease, suggesting its possible usefulness as a surrogate marker for metastatic potential and prognosis in malignant melanoma.
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Liu C, Lin JJ, Yang ZY, Tsai CC, Hsu JL, Wu YJ. Proteomic study reveals a co-occurrence of gallic acid-induced apoptosis and glycolysis in B16F10 melanoma cells. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:11672-11680. [PMID: 25397718 DOI: 10.1021/jf504035s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) has long been associated with a wide range of biological activities. In this study, its antitumor effect against B16F10 melanoma cells was demonstrated by MTT assay, cell migration assay, wound-healing assay, and flow cytometric analysis. GA with a concentration >200 μM shows apoptotic activity toward B16F10 cells. According to Western blotting data, overexpressions of cleaved forms of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP-1 and pro-apoptotic Bax and Bad, accompanied by underexpressed anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL indicate that GA induces B16F10 cell apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway. The 2-DE based comparative proteomics was further employed in B16F10 cells with and without GA treatment for a large-scale protein expression profiling. A total of 41 differential protein spots were quantified, and their identities were characterized using LC-MS/MS analysis and database matching. In addition to some regulated proteins that were associated with apoptosis, interestingly, some identified proteins involved in glycolysis such as glucokinase, α-enolase, aldolase, pyruvate kinase, and GAPDH were simultaneously up-regulated, which reveals that the GA-induced cellular apoptosis in B16 melanoma cells is associated with metabolic glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Center and Division of Plastic Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center , Tainan 710, Taiwan
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50
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Su A, Low L, Li X, Zhou S, Mascarenhas L, Barnhill RL. De novo congenital melanoma: analysis of 2 cases with array comparative genomic hybridization. Am J Dermatopathol 2014; 36:915-9. [PMID: 25051103 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Congenital melanoma is extraordinarily rare, and 3 types have been described: transplacental metastases from the mother, de novo congenital melanoma, and melanoma occurring in association with a congenital melanocytic nevus. We describe 2 reports of array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of de novo congenital melanoma. The first patient was male, and the second was female; both had a scalp lesion present at birth, which grew quickly. The scalp mass from patient 1 showed a heterogeneous, anaplastic melanocytic neoplasm with large size and depth, high mitotic rate, ulceration, and necrosis. The scalp mass from patient 2 showed a broad melanocytic neoplasm with single cell and junctional nested proliferation at the dermal-epidermal junction and cellular, confluent aggregates of highly atypical melanocytes in the dermis with high mitotic rate. Patient 1 had lung and liver metastases detected by radiologic imaging and was treated with cisplatin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine but expired at the age of 5 months. Patient 2 developed a metastasis to the right neck with similar histologic features, and pulmonary metastases were also detected by imaging. Patient 2 is currently alive at the age of 4 years. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of the first case revealed loss of chromosomes 3p26.3-p21.31, 5p15.33-q23.1, 11q15.5-q13.2, 14 (complete deletion), and 15q11.1-q22.31. The second case displayed gains in chromosomes 1q21.1-q44, 2p25.3-p11.1, 2q11.1-q37.3, 6p25.3-p11.1, 7p22.3-p11.2, 7q11.1-q36.3, 8p23.3-p11.1, 8q11.1-q24.3, 9p24.3-p11.2, 9q12-q34.3, 11q13.2-q13.4, 13q11-q34, 18p11.32-p11.21, 19p13.3-p11, 19q11-q13.43, 20p13-p11.1, and 20q11.21-q13.33. In both cases, the presence of multiple chromosomal aberrations corroborated the diagnosis of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Su
- *Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of †Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and ‡Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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