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Lai JI, Kuo TH, Huang KJ, Chai LMX, Lee MH, Liu CY, Tsai YF, Huang CC, Tseng LM, Hsu CC, Chao TC. Clinical and Genotypic Insights Into Higher Prevalence of Palbociclib Associated Neutropenia in Asian Patients. Oncologist 2024; 29:e455-e466. [PMID: 37995303 PMCID: PMC10994256 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have shown great efficacy in prolonging progression-free survival and is the current standard of care for hormone positive (HR(+)) metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Despite well tolerability and ease of use, the most common side effect of CDK4/6i is myelosuppression, with neutropenia the most prevalent adverse effect. Studies show that the prevalence and severity of neutropenia are more marked in Asian patients, although details remain obscure. METHODS In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 105 Taiwanese patients who received palbociclib for HR(+) HER2(-) mBC at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital. To investigate a possible genetic association for high prevalence of neutropenia, we queried the Taiwan Biobank with publicly available germline databases (ALFA, gnomAD, ExAC, 1000 Genomes project, HapMap), for the allele frequencies of 4 neutropenia-related SNPs (ABCB1_rs1045642, ABCB1_rs1128503, ERCC1_rs3212986, ERCC1_rs11615) and compared between different ethnicities. In addition, one of the patients was a long-term patient with peritoneal dialysis. We quantified the levels of palbociclib in her serum and peritoneal fluid by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS Interestingly, in our cohort, early neutropenia nadir (occurred within 56 days of start) was associated with worse treatment outcome, while occurrence of grade 3/4 neutropenia was associated with better outcome. We observed an extremely high incidence of neutropenia (96.2% any grade, 70.4% grade 3/4). In the analyzed germline databases, we discovered a higher SNP frequency of the T allele in ABCB1_rs1128503, a lower frequency of T allele in ABCB1_rs1045642, and a higher SNP frequency of G allele in ERCC1_rs11615. We observed that palbociclib levels in peritoneal dialysate ranged from around 20-50 ppb, and serum levels reached 100-110 ppb during drug administration and decreased to <10 ppb during discontinuation. CONCLUSION Our retrospective analysis of real world palbociclib use reveals an association with grade 3/4 neutropenia with better outcome and early neutropenia nadir with worse outcome. Our findings of Asian specific SNPs support a predisposition toward profound and prevalent neutropenia in Asian patients under CDK4/6i. We also report the first pharmacokinetics analysis on a patient with peritoneal dialysis receiving CDK4/6i. In summary, our study provides novel clinical and genotypic insights into CDK4/6i associated neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-I Lai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ting-Hao Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuan-Jung Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Laura Min Xuan Chai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mei-Hsuan Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fang Tsai
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Cheng Huang
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ta-Chung Chao
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Huang KJ, Kuo TH, Chao TC, Liu CY, Tsai YF, Huang CC, Tseng LM, Hsu CCR, Lai JI. Abstract P4-01-31: High Incidence of Palbociclib Related Neutropenia in Asian Patients Associated with Genetic Polymorphisms. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p4-01-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) is well established as the current standard of care for hormone positive (HR(+)) metastatic breast cancer (mBC), in combination with endocrine therapy. CDK4/6i extend a chemotherapy-free, progression free survival (PFS) that preserves quality of life in patients. The most common side effect of CDK4/6i is myelosuppression, with neutropenia the most prevalent adverse effect, especially for palbociclib and ribociclib. In PALOMA-2 and MONALEESA-2, where neutropenia was prevalent (any grade neutropenia 79.5%, grade 3/4 neutropenia 66.5% in PALOMA-2, and any grade neutropenia: 74.3%, grade 3/4 55.3% in MONALEESA-2), although febrile neutropenia seldom occurred (1.8%). Several studies have proposed different genetic factors predisposing to CDK4/6 inhibitor induced neutropenia, including Duffy antigen polymorphisms, ABCB1 and ERCC1 polymorphisms (ABCB1_rs1128503, ABCB1_rs1045642, ERCC1_rs11615, ERCC1_rs3212986), CDK6 polymorphisms, and others. Subgroup studies from the PALOMA trials have suggested that Asian patients receiving palbociclib have higher rates of neutropenia, although the exact explanation is unknown. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 102 Taiwanese patients who received palbociclib for HR(+) mBC at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital for the clinical features, incidence and time course of neutropenia were analyzed. Significant neutropenia incidence was observed (> 95% of all grade neutropenia, 74.5% grade 3/4 neutropenia). In addition, in our clinical cohort, one of the patients was a long term peritoneal dialysis patient newly diagnosed of HR(+) mBC and started on Palbociclib, initially 125mg, later decreased dosage to 100mg after neutropenia occurrence. By Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), we quantified the levels of palbociclib in her serum and peritoneal fluid at various time points, while on different dosage use. To our knowledge, this is the first pharmacokinetics analysis on a peritoneal dialysis patient receiving CDK4/6i. To investigate a possible genetic association for the high prevalence of neutropenia, we queried the Taiwan biobank, a nationwide biospecimen repository with 129,586 healthy individual genome wide DNA sequencing data deposited. We investigated the prevalence of the 4 SNPs previously reported to be related to neutropenia in the PALOMA studies. By comparing the Taiwan biobank data to SNP databases from different ethnicities, we observed interesting findings on ethnicity differences of SNP distribution and higher prevalence of neutropenia SNPs. Collectively, in this study we report real world data, biobank genome wide analysis, and a novel report of pharmacokinetic study in a peritoneal dialysis patient, providing novel insights into the real world use of palbociclib and CDKi.
Table 1. Median TTF of each subsequent therapy after PAL+ET
Characteristics of the clinical cohort treated with palbociclib at TVGH
Citation Format: Kuan-Jung Huang, Ting-Hao Kuo, Ta-Chung Chao, Chun-Yu Liu, Yi-Fang Tsai, Chi-Cheng Huang, Ling-Ming Tseng, Cheng-Chih Richard Hsu, Jiun-I Lai. High Incidence of Palbociclib Related Neutropenia in Asian Patients Associated with Genetic Polymorphisms [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-01-31.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting-Hao Kuo
- 2Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University
| | - Ta-Chung Chao
- 3Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- 4Department of Transfusion Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Yi-Fang Tsai
- 5Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Jiun-I Lai
- 9Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China)
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Pei J, Chen S, Yu K, Hu J, Wang Y, Zhang J, Qin Z, Zhang R, Kuo TH, Chung HH, Hsu CC. Metabolomics Characterization of Scleractinia Corals with Different Life-History Strategies: A Case Study about Pocillopora meandrina and Seriatopora hystrix in the South China Sea. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111079. [PMID: 36355162 PMCID: PMC9693324 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-history strategies play a critical role in susceptibility to environmental stresses for Scleractinia coral. Metabolomics, which is capable of determining the metabolic responses of biological systems to genetic and environmental changes, is competent for the characterization of species’ biological traits. In this study, two coral species (Pocillopora meandrina and Seriatopora hystrix in the South China Sea) with different life-history strategies (“competitive” and “weedy”) were targeted, and untargeted mass spectrometry metabolomics combined with molecular networking was applied to characterize their differential metabolic pathways. The results show that lyso-platelet activating factors (lyso-PAFs), diacylglyceryl carboxyhydroxymethylcholine (DGCC), aromatic amino acids, and sulfhydryl compounds were more enriched in P. meandrina, whereas new phospholipids, dehydrated phosphoglycerol dihydroceramide (de-PG DHC), monoacylglycerol (MAG), fatty acids (FA) (C < 18), short peptides, and guanidine compounds were more enriched in S. hystrix. The metabolic pathways involved immune response, energy metabolism, cellular membrane structure regulation, oxidative stress system, secondary metabolite synthesis, etc. While the immune system (lysoPAF) and secondary metabolite synthesis (aromatic amino acids and sulfhydryl compounds) facilitates fast growth and resistance to environmental stressors of P. meandrina, the cell membrane structure (structural lipids), energy storage (storage lipids), oxidative stress system (short peptides), and secondary metabolite synthesis (guanidine compounds) are beneficial to the survival of S. hystrix in harsh conditions. This study contributes to the understanding of the potential molecular traits underlying life-history strategies of different coral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Pei
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519080, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Junjie Hu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Zhenjun Qin
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Ting-Hao Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Pei JY, Yu WF, Zhang JJ, Kuo TH, Chung HH, Hu JJ, Hsu CC, Yu KF. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomic signatures of coral bleaching under thermal stress. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7635-7646. [PMID: 36059041 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coral bleaching caused by climate change has resulted in large-scale coral reef decline worldwide. However, the knowledge of physiological response mechanisms of scleractinian corals under high-temperature stress is still challenging. Here, untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics combining with Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) was utilized to investigate the physiological response of the coral species Pavona decussata under thermal stress. A wide variety of metabolites (including lipids, fatty acids, amino acids, peptides, osmolytes) were identified as the potential biomarkers and subjected to metabolic pathway enrichment analysis. We discovered that, in the thermal-stressed P. decussata coral holobiont, (1) numerous metabolites in classes of lipids and amino acids significantly decreased, indicating an enhanced lipid hydrolysis and aminolysis that contributed to up-regulation in gluconeogenesis to meet energy demand for basic survival; (2) pantothenate and panthenol, two essential intermediates in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, were up-regulated, implying enhanced efficiency in energy production; (3) small peptides (e.g., Glu-Leu and Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu) and lyso-platelet-activating factor (lysoPAF) possibly implicated a strengthened coral immune response; (4) the down-regulation of betaine and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), known as osmolyte compounds for maintaining holobiont homeostasis, might be the result of disruption of coral holobiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ying Pei
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Feng Yu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Hao Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Jie Hu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Fu Yu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, People's Republic of China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519080, People's Republic of China.
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Li LH, Yang YS, Sun JR, Huang TW, Huang WC, Chen FJ, Wang YC, Kuo TH, Kuo SC, Chen TL, Lee YT. Clinical and molecular characterization of Acinetobacter seifertii in Taiwan. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:312-321. [PMID: 33128052 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acinetobacter seifertii, a new member of the Acinetobacter baumannii group, has emerged as a cause of severe infections in humans. We investigated the clinical and molecular characteristics of A. seifertii. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 80 adults with A. seifertii bloodstream infection (BSI) at four medical centres over an 8 year period. Species identification was confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS, rpoB sequencing and WGS. Molecular typing was performed by MLST. Clinical information, antimicrobial susceptibility and the mechanisms of carbapenem and colistin resistance were analysed. Transmissibility of the carbapenem-resistance determinants was examined by conjugation experiments. RESULTS The main source of A. seifertii BSI was the respiratory tract (46.3%). The 28 day and in-hospital mortality rates of A. seifertii BSI were 18.8% and 30.0%, respectively. High APACHE II scores and immunosuppressant therapy were independent risk factors for 28 day mortality. The most common MLST type was ST553 (58.8%). Most A. seifertii isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin (86.2%), and only 37.5% were susceptible to colistin. Carbapenem resistance was observed in 16.3% of isolates, mostly caused by the plasmid-borne ISAba1-blaOXA-51-like genetic structure. A. seifertii could transfer various carbapenem-resistance determinants to A. baumannii, Acinetobacter nosocomialis and other A. seifertii isolates. Variations of pmrCAB and lpxCAD genes were not associated with colistin resistance of A. seifertii. CONCLUSIONS Levofloxacin and carbapenems, but not colistin, have the potential to be the drug of choice for A. seifertii infections. A. seifertii can transfer carbapenem-resistance determinants to other species of the A. baumannii group and warrants close monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,PhD Program of Medical Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sung Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ren Sun
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defence Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defence Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wen Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institute, Maoli County, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Jui Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institute, Maoli County, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chih Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hao Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Kuo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institute, Maoli County, Taiwan
| | - Te-Li Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzu Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen CL, Kuo TH, Chung HH, Huang P, Lin LE, Hsu CC. Remodeling nanoDESI Platform with Ion Mobility Spectrometry to Expand Protein Coverage in Cancerous Tissue. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2021; 32:653-660. [PMID: 33507077 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is an ambient ionization technique that is capable of mapping proteins in tissue sections. However, high-abundant molecules or isobaric interference in biological samples hampers its broad applications in probing low-abundant proteins. To address this challenge, herein we demonstrated an integrated module that coupled pneumatic-assisted nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with high-field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry. Using this module to analyze mouse brain sections, the protein coverage was significantly increased. This improvement allowed the mapping of low-abundant proteins in tissue sections with a 5 μm spatial resolution enabled by computationally assisted fusion with optical microscopic images. Moreover, the module was successfully applied to characterize melanoma in skin tissues based on the enhanced protein profiles. The results suggested that this integrating module will be potentially applied to discover novel proteins in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Lin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hao Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Penghsuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Li-En Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
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Weng CY, Kuo TH, Chai LMX, Zou HB, Feng TH, Huang YJ, Tsai JC, Wu PH, Chiu YW, Lan EI, Sheen LY, Hsu CC. Rapid Quantification of Gut Microbial Short-Chain Fatty Acids by pDART-MS. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14892-14897. [PMID: 33151059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are small molecules ubiquitous in nature. In mammalian guts, SCFAs are mostly produced by anaerobic intestinal microbiota through the fermentation of dietary fiber. Levels of microbe-derived SCFAs are closely relevant to human health status and indicative to gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, the quantification of SCFA using conventional chromatographic approaches is often time consuming, thus limiting high-throughput screening tests. Herein, we established a novel method to quantify SCFAs by coupling amidation derivatization of SCFAs with paper-loaded direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (pDART-MS). Remarkably, SCFAs of a biological sample were quantitatively determined within a minute using the pDART-MS platform, which showed a limit of detection at the μM level. This platform was applied to quantify SCFAs in various biological samples, including feces from stressed rats, sera of patients with kidney disease, and fermentation products of metabolically engineered cyanobacteria. Significant differences in SCFA levels between different groups of biological practices were promptly revealed and evaluated. As there is a burgeoning demand for the analysis of SCFAs due to an increasing academic interest of gut microbiota and its metabolism, this newly developed platform will be of great potential in biological and clinical sciences as well as in industrial quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Weng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hao Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsin-Bai Zou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Feng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Jemmy C Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Ethan I Lan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
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Kuo TH, Yang CT, Chang HY, Hsueh YP, Hsu CC. Nematode-Trapping Fungi Produce Diverse Metabolites during Predator-Prey Interaction. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10030117. [PMID: 32245081 PMCID: PMC7143726 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematode-trapping fungi are natural antagonists of nematodes. These predatory fungi are capable of switching their lifestyle from a saprophytic to predatory stage in the presence of nematodes by developing specialized trapping devices to capture and consume nematodes. The biochemical mechanisms of such predator–prey interaction have become increasingly studied given the potential application of nematode-trapping fungi as biocontrol agents, but the involved fungal metabolites remain underexplored. Here, we report a comprehensive liquid–chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) metabolomics study on one hundred wild isolates of nematode-trapping fungi in three different species, Arthrobotrysoligospora, Arthrobotrys thaumasia, and Arthrobotrys musiformis. Molecular networking analysis revealed that the fungi were capable of producing thousands of metabolites, and such chemical diversity of metabolites was notably increased as the fungi switched lifestyle to the predatory stage. Structural annotations by tandem mass spectrometry revealed that those fungal metabolites belonged to various structural families, such as peptide, siderophore, fatty alcohol, and fatty acid amide, and their production exhibited species specificity. Several small peptides (<1.5 kDa) produced by A.musiformis in the predatory stage were found, with their partial amino acid sequences resolved by the tandem mass spectra. Four fungal metabolites (desferriferrichrome, linoleyl alcohol, nonadecanamide, and citicoline) that were significantly enriched in the predatory stage were identified and validated by chemical standards, and their bioactivities against nematode prey were assessed. The availability of the metabolomics datasets will facilitate comparative studies on the metabolites of nematode-trapping fungi in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hao Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Yang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-P.H.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-P.H.); (C.-C.H.)
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hao Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ewelina P. Dutkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jiying Pei
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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10
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Kuo TH, Kuei MS, Hsiao Y, Chung HH, Hsu CC, Chen HJ. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Typings of Edible Oils through Spectral Networking of Triacylglycerol Fingerprints. ACS Omega 2019; 4:15734-15741. [PMID: 31572877 PMCID: PMC6761802 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adulteration of edible oils by the manufacturers has been found frequently in modern societies. Due to the complexity of the chemical contents in edible oils, it is challenging to quantitatively determine the extent of adulteration and prove the authenticity of edible oils. In this study, a robust and simple MALDI-TOF-MS platform for rapid fingerprinting of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in edible oils was developed, where spectral similarity analysis was performed to quantitatively reveal correlations among edible oils in the chemical level. Specifically, we proposed oil networking, a spectral similarity-based illustration, which enabled reliable classifications of tens of commercial edible oils from vegetable and animal origins. The strategy was superior to traditional multivariate statistics due to its high sensitivity in probing subtle changes in TAG profiles, as further demonstrated by the success in determination of the adulterated lard in a food fraud in Taiwan. Finally, we showed that the platform allowed quantitative assessment of the binary mixture of olive oil and canola oil, which is a common type of olive oil adulteration in the market. Overall, these results suggested a novel strategy for chemical fingerprint-based quality control and authentication of oils in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hao Kuo
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Food
Science and Technology, and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shan Kuei
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Food
Science and Technology, and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi Hsiao
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Food
Science and Technology, and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsiang Chung
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Food
Science and Technology, and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Food
Science and Technology, and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jhang Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Food
Science and Technology, and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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11
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Kuo TH, Chung HH, Chang HY, Lin CW, Wang MY, Shen TL, Hsu CC. Deep Lipidomics and Molecular Imaging of Unsaturated Lipid Isomers: A Universal Strategy Initiated by mCPBA Epoxidation. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11905-11915. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ming-Yang Wang
- National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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12
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Lyu Q, Kuo TH, Sun C, Chen K, Hsu CC, Li X. Comprehensive structural characterization of phenolics in litchi pulp using tandem mass spectral molecular networking. Food Chem 2019; 282:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Kuo TH, Huang HC, Hsu CC. Mass spectrometry imaging guided molecular networking to expedite discovery and structural analysis of agarwood natural products. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1080:95-103. [PMID: 31409479 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural analysis of biomolecules is essential to natural product discovery, especially for precious biomaterials such as agarwood. However, one of the greatest challenges to the characterization of natural products is the profound cost in time and manpower to the structural elucidation of these highly diverse compounds. Here, we demonstrate a multi-modal mass spectrometric strategy, integrating matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and mass spectral molecular networking, to uncover agarwood natural products of Aquilaria sinensis trees. A simple workflow for preparing wood sections for MALDI-MSI analysis was demonstrated. Notably, tens of natural products in the agarwood region in wood stem section of A. sinensis were spatially revealed by MALDI-MSI. For the first time, such a great number of plant specialized metabolites is obtained by a single wood section MSI. Guided by the spatially resolved features, mass spectral molecular networking was subsequently applied for structural analysis of the agarwood natural products, in which three major classes of 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones and their analogues were putatively characterized. These results suggest an efficient strategy to the dereplication of plant natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hao Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Hou-Chun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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14
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Hsu MH, Kuo TH, Wei-Po Lai W, Huang CH, Hsu CC, Chen YE, Lin AYC. Effect of environmental factors on the oxidative transformation of cephalosporin antibiotics by manganese dioxides. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2019; 21:692-700. [PMID: 30821301 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00562a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the oxidation and transformation of the cephalosporins cefotaxime (CTX), cephalexin (CFX), cephradine (CFD), cephapirin (CFP) and cefazolin (CFZ) by δ-MnO2. The results showed that the MnO2 oxidation rate was promoted by environmental factors such as higher MnO2 loading, lower initial cephalosporin concentration and lower solution pH. The inhibitory effect occurred in the presence of dissolved organic matter and dissolved cations (inhibitory capacity: Mn2+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Fe3+). Total organic carbon analysis indicated that the transformation byproducts of the cephalosporins are less reactive and persistent under MnO2 oxidation. Twelve transformation byproducts (9 CFP byproducts and 3 CTX byproducts) were identified, and two oxidative transformation pathways were proposed: one occurred in the cephem for CFP, and the other occurred at the substituent at the amine position for CTX. The effect of solar light on the oxidation of the five cephalosporin antibiotics by δ-MnO2 was also investigated, and the results indicated that the initial dissolution rate of δ-MnO2 under sunlight was approximately eight times faster than that in the dark in the presence of CFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hao Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71-Chou-shan Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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15
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Hsu MH, Kuo TH, Chen YE, Huang CH, Hsu CC, Lin AYC. Substructure Reactivity Affecting the Manganese Dioxide Oxidation of Cephalosporins. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:9188-9195. [PMID: 30039964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cefotaxime (CTX), cephalexin (CFX), cephradine (CFD), cephapirin (CFP), and cefazolin (CFZ) were selected as target cephalosporin antibiotics to study their oxidative transformation by δ-MnO2. Although they all have the same core structure (7-aminodesacetoxycephalosporanic acid), very different MnO2 oxidation rates were observed at pH 4 (the initial reaction rate constant kinit ranged from 0.014 to 2.6 h-1). An extensive investigation of the substructure compounds and byproduct analysis revealed that the oxidation mainly occurred at the following two sites on the core structure: (1) the sulfur atom in the cephem ring and (2) the carbon-carbon double bond (C═C) and its proximal carboxylic acid group. In the case of (2), when there is an acetyloxymethyl group at the C-3 position of the core structure, the formation of the keto-sulfone byproducts was inhibited. The overall results indicated that a substituent at the C-3 position could stabilize the core structure, which would result in a decrease in the oxidation rate; however, a substituent at the amine position of the core structure might affect the overall degradation rate of the cephalosporin, depending on its reactivity with MnO2. Thus, the apparent reaction rates varied widely in the trend of CTX > CFP > CFD > core structure ≈ CFX > CFZ. The mechanistic elucidation can also help explain the degradation rates of cephalosporin antibiotics in other oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hao Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering , National Taiwan University , 71-Chou-shan Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Ting-Hao Kuo
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 106 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Yung-En Chen
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering , National Taiwan University , 71-Chou-shan Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 106 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Angela Yu-Chen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering , National Taiwan University , 71-Chou-shan Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan , ROC
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16
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Wang F, Yang P, Choi JS, Antovski P, Zhu Y, Xu X, Kuo TH, Lin LE, Kim DNH, Huang PC, Xu H, Lee CF, Wang C, Hsu CC, Chen K, Weiss PS, Tseng HR. Cross-Linked Fluorescent Supramolecular Nanoparticles for Intradermal Controlled Release of Antifungal Drug-A Therapeutic Approach for Onychomycosis. ACS Nano 2018; 12:6851-6859. [PMID: 29851454 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The existing approaches to onychomycosis demonstrate limited success since the commonly used oral administration and topical cream only achieve temporary effective drug concentration at the fungal infection sites. An ideal therapeutic approach for onychomycosis should have (i) the ability to introduce antifungal drugs directly to the infected sites; (ii) finite intradermal sustainable release to maintain effective drug levels over prolonged time; (iii) a reporter system for monitoring maintenance of drug level; and (iv) minimum level of inflammatory responses at or around the fungal infection sites. To meet these expectations, we introduced ketoconazole-encapsulated cross-linked fluorescent supramolecular nanoparticles (KTZ⊂c-FSMNPs) as an intradermal controlled release solution for treating onychomycosis. A two-step synthetic approach was adopted to prepare a variety of KTZ⊂c-FSMNPs. Initial characterization revealed that 4800 nm KTZ⊂c-FSMNPs exhibited high KTZ encapsulation efficiency/capacity, optimal fluorescent property, and sustained KTZ release profile. Subsequently, 4800 nm KTZ⊂c-FSMNPs were chosen for in vivo studies using a mouse model, wherein the KTZ⊂c-FSMNPs were deposited intradermally via tattoo. The results obtained from (i) in vivo fluorescence imaging, (ii) high-performance liquid chromatography quantification of residual KTZ, (iii) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging mapping of KTZ distribution in intradermal regions around the tattoo site, and (iv) histology for assessment of local inflammatory responses and biocompatibility, suggest that 4800 nm KTZ⊂c-FSMNPs can serve as an effective treatment for onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095-1770 , United States
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095-1770 , United States
| | - Jin-Sil Choi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095-1770 , United States
| | - Petar Antovski
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095-1770 , United States
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095-1770 , United States
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- ⊥ School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
| | - Ting-Hao Kuo
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Li-En Lin
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Diane N H Kim
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Pin-Cheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture , National Chung Hsing University (NCHU) , 145 Xingda Road, South Dist. , Taichung 402 , Taiwan
| | - Haoxiang Xu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095-1770 , United States
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Xuanwu Dist. , Nanjing 210042 , China
| | - Chin-Fa Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture , National Chung Hsing University (NCHU) , 145 Xingda Road, South Dist. , Taichung 402 , Taiwan
| | - Changchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Kai Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90033-9061 , United States
| | - Paul S Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095-1770 , United States
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17
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Cheng KY, Lee SL, Kuo TY, Lin CH, Chen YC, Kuo TH, Hsu CC, Chen CH. Template-Assisted Proximity for Oligomerization of Fullerenes. Langmuir 2018; 34:5416-5421. [PMID: 29676918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Demonstrated herein is an unprecedented porous template-assisted reaction at the solid-liquid interface involving bond formation, which is typically collision-driven and occurs in the solution and gas phases. The template is a TMA (trimesic acid) monolayer with two-dimensional pores that host fullerenes, which otherwise exhibit an insignificant affinity to an undecorated graphite substrate. The confinement of C84 units in the TMA pores formulates a proximity that is ideal for bond formation. The oligomerization of C84 is triggered by an electric pulse via a scanning tunneling microscope tip. The spacing between C84 moieties becomes 1.4 nm, which is larger than the edge-to-edge diameter of 1.1-1.2 nm of C84 due to the formation of intermolecular single bonds. In addition, the characteristic mass-to-charge ratios of dimers and trimers are observed by mass spectrometry. The experimental findings shed light on the active role of spatially tailored templates in facilitating the chemical activity of guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kum-Yi Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yang Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsun Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hao Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
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18
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Kuo TH, Lin TH, Yang RS, Kuo SC, Fu WM, Hung HY. Novel Pyrazole Derivatives Effectively Inhibit Osteoclastogenesis, a Potential Target for Treating Osteoporosis. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4954-63. [PMID: 25996239 DOI: 10.1021/jm502014h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rong-Sen Yang
- Department
of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
- Graduate
Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- Chinese
Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- School
of
Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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19
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Kuo TH, Lee KS, Lieu AS, Lin CL, Liu GC, Howng SL, Hwang SL. Massive intracerebral air embolism associated with meningitis and lumbar spondylitis: case report. Surg Neurol 2004; 62:362-5; discussion 365. [PMID: 15451293 DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2003.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2003] [Accepted: 11/26/2003] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Massive intracerebral air embolism is a rare pathologic state and never in association with meningitis and lumbar spondylitis. To the best of our knowledge, our presented case is the first of a massive intracerebral air embolism associated with meningitis and lumbar spondylitis of Klebsiella pneumonia. CASE DESCRIPTION A 55-year-old man presented with a high fever and low back pain. Blood culture showed Klebsiella pneumonia. Lumbar computed tomography (CT) revealed discitis at L1-2 and L2-3 levels and paraspinal abscess in which air was found. Despite management with antibiotics, patient's consciousness deteriorated, and brain CT revealed diffuse intravenous air embolism and severe brain swelling. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination demonstrated bacterial meningitis, and the CSF culture showed Klebsiella pneumonia. Later, septic shock occurred and patient expired. CONCLUSION Intracerebral air embolism can occur in the Klebsiella pneumonia meningitis that resulted from lumbar spondylitis and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kuo
- Armed Forces Tso Ying Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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20
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Lin CL, Lieu AS, Lee KS, Yang YHC, Kuo TH, Hung MH, Loh JK, Yen CP, Chang CZ, Howng SL, Hwang SL. The conditional probabilities of survival in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 60:402-6; discussion 406. [PMID: 14572960 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-3019(03)00322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By the use of conditional probabilities of survival, we studied the yearly survival rates for individual tumor survivors. METHODS Conditional survival rate was estimated in 114 consecutive patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme. Conditional probabilities of surviving some years given survival to a specific period of time after craniotomy and 95% confidence intervals were calculated in the individual tumor survivors. RESULTS The estimated median survival was 30 months for 45 patients with anaplastic astrocytoma and 12 months for 69 patients with glioblastoma multiforme. The conditional probabilities of surviving next one year given survival to 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, or 5 years after craniotomy for anaplastic astrocytoma were 86.2%, 75.0%, 85.9%, 77.8%, or 85.7%, respectively; for glioblastoma multiforme 64.8%, 58.7%, 85.7%, 80.0%, or 75.0%, respectively. The conditional probability of surviving to 5 years given survival to 2 years after craniotomy for anaplastic astrocytoma, i.e., surviving an additional 3 years, was 50.1%, which was better than observed 5-year survival rate (28.6%); for glioblastoma multiforme it was 40.2%, which also was better than observed 5-year survival rate (12.4%). CONCLUSIONS The conditional probability of survival was a good method to clinically predict yearly survival rate for individual tumor survivors. In addition, the method can estimate the probabilities of surviving next some years given survival to a specific period of time after craniotomy. It also showed a more encouraging result than observed survival rate in patients with supratentorial malignant astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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21
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Abstract
Our previous work in cultured cells has shown that the maintenance of mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis is essential for cell survival, and that the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 is able to maintain a threshold level of mitochondrial Ca(2+) by the inhibition of permeability transition. To test whether Bcl-2 also affects the mitochondrial Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange (NCE), a major efflux pathway for mitochondrial Ca(2+), studies using transgenic mice that overexpress Bcl-2 in the heart have been performed. NCE activity was determined as the Na(+)-dependent Ca(2+) efflux in the isolated mitochondria. Overexpression of Bcl-2 led to a significant reduction of NCE activity as well as increased resistance to permeability transition in the mitochondria of transgenic heart. This was accompanied by increased matrix Ca(2+) level, enhanced formation of NADH and enhanced oxidation of pyruvate, an NAD(+)-linked substrate. Furthermore, there was induction of cellular Ca(2+) transport proteins including the Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger of the sarcolemma (NCX). Bcl-2 not only stimulates NCX expression in the sarcolemma but also attenuates the Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange in the mitochondria. These results are consistent with the protection by Bcl-2 against apoptosis in heart following ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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22
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Hwang SL, Lieu AS, Kuo TH, Lin CL, Chang CZ, Huang TY, Howng SL. Preoperative and postoperative seizures in patients with astrocytic tumours: analysis of incidence and influencing factors. J Clin Neurosci 2001; 8:426-9. [PMID: 11535010 DOI: 10.1054/jocn.2000.0825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the incidence and influencing factors related to preoperative and postoperative seizures, a retrospective analysis was performed in 190 patients with astrocytic tumours. Preoperative seizures occurred in 50 (26%) patients and 27 (54%) of the m had recurrent seizures. Late-onset seizures developed after craniotomy in 11 (8%) of 140 patients. Seizures at presentation were significantly correlated with age at diagnosis (P=0.0204) and pathological grade of tumour (P=0.0040). The patients aged less than 40 years had a high risk of seizures at presentation (odds ratio=3.076, P=0.0134). Postoperative seizures were significantly associated with the presence of preoperative seizures (P<0.0001), type or duration of preoperative seizures (P<0.0001, P<0.0001, respectively) and serum level of anticonvulsant drug (P=0.0068). However, only the presence of preoperative seizures had a potential for prediction of postoperative seizures when evaluated by logistic regression model (odds ratio=20.859, P=0.0001). Fifty-nine percent of patients with recurrent seizures and 64% of patients with late-onset seizures had seizures which occurred within 6 months after craniotomy. Despite therapeutic anticonvulsant levels, most postoperative seizures were associated with tumour recurrence or haemorrhage. Postoperative seizures commonly occurred relatively soon after craniotomy and prophylactic anticonvulsants should be given. In patients with postoperative seizures, particularly in the presence of therapeutic anticonvulsant level, brain computed tomography should be performed to exclude tumour recurrence or haemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Hwang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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23
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Abstract
Using distinct models of apoptosis and necrosis, we have investigated the effect of mitochondrial Ca(2+)(Ca(m)) homeostasis in the regulation of cell death in neuroblastoma cells as well as cardiac myocytes. The steady state level of Ca(m)was determined as the FCCP-releasable Ca(2+). Culturing cells with low concentration of extracellular Ca(2+)(Ca(o)) or with EGTA triggered an early reduction in both the Ca(m)store and the membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)). This was followed by the detection of cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and apoptosis. Inhibitors of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore such as cyclosporin A and Bcl-2 blocked the release of Ca(m)and inhibited apoptosis. In contrast, mitochondrial Ca(2+)overload resulted in necrotic cell death. Culturing cells in the presence of excess Ca(o)led to increased Ca(m)load together with a decrease of DeltaPsi(m)that reached maximum at 1 h, with necrosis occurring at 2 h. While the decline of Ca(m)and DeltaPsi(m)was a coupled reaction for apoptosis, this relationship was uncoupled during necrosis. Clonazepam, a relatively specific inhibitor of the mitochondrial Na/Ca exchanger, was able to protect the cells from necrosis by reducing Ca(m)overload. Importantly, combination of clonazepam and cyclosporin showed a cooperative effect in further reducing the Ca(m)overload and abolished cell death. The data imply the participation of Ca(m)homeostasis in the regulation of apoptosis and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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24
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Hwang SL, Kuo TH, Lieu AS, Loh JK, Hung MH, Huang TY, Howng SL. The change of relative incidences of intracranial tumors after the use of computed tomography in Taiwan. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2000; 16:345-50. [PMID: 11079293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The improved diagnostic capacity of computed tomography (CT) may have resulted in improved detection of intracranial tumors. We were interested to know whether the frequency of intracranial tumors has changed after the introduction of CT in Taiwan. The relative incidences of intracranial tumors in Taiwan were analyzed from the hospital based data. Our data showed that meningiomas were the most encountered intracranial tumors. Neuroepithelial tumors in our series (in the post-CT era) (23.9%) were apparently lower than those found in the pre-CT era (36.0%). However, the relative incidences of meningiomas and pituitary adenomas after the use of CT (24.2%, 21.1%, respectively) were much higher than those found before the use of CT (14.5%, 7.7%, respectively). Our data suggest that the increased incidence for benign tumors and the decreased incidence for malignant tumors may have resulted from the improved diagnostic capacity of CT, which reduces the number of undetected tumor cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Hwang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
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25
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Abstract
We have investigated the role of mitochondrial Ca(2+) (Ca(m)) homeostasis in cell survival. Disruption of Ca(m) homeostasis via depletion of the mitochondrial Ca(2+) store was the earliest event that occurred during staurosporine-induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). The decrease of Ca(m) preceded activation of the caspase cascade and DNA fragmentation. Overexpression of the anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 led to increased Ca(m) load, increased mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)), and inhibition of staurosporine-induced apoptosis. On the other hand, ectopic expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bik led to decreased Ca(m) load and decreased DeltaPsi(m). Inhibition of calcium uptake into mitochondria by ruthenium red induced a dose-dependent apoptosis as determined by nuclear staining and DNA ladder assay. Similarly, reducing the Ca(m) load by lowering the extracellular calcium concentration also led to apoptosis. We suggest that the anti-apoptotic effect of Bcl-2 is related to its ability to maintain a threshold level of Ca(m) and DeltaPsi(m) while the pro-apoptotic protein Bik has the opposite effect. Furthermore, both ER and mitochondrial Ca(2+) stores are important, and the depletion of either one will result in apoptosis. Thus, our results, for the first time, provide evidence that the maintenance of Ca(m) homeostasis is essential for cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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26
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Abstract
Members of the bcl-2 gene family encode proteins that function either to promote or to inhibit apoptosis. Despite numerous efforts, the mechanism of action of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, is still not clear. In particular, the relation between Bcl-2 and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium store is not well-understood. In the present work, we examined the effect of Bcl-2 on the ER store. We demonstrate that overexpression of Bcl-2 in breast epithelial cells modulates ER store by upregulating calcium pump (SERCA) expression without affecting the release channel (IP3R). The steady state levels of SERCA2 mRNA and protein were both increased in Bcl-2 expression clones. The increase in SERCA2 protein leads to accelerated calcium uptake and enhanced Ca2+ loading. In addition, we also show the detection of intracellular interaction between Bcl-2 and SERCA molecules by co-immunoprecipitation. Since high lumenal Ca2+ concentration of ER is essential for normal cell functions, the results suggest that Bcl-2 preserves the ER Ca2+ store by upregulating SERCA gene expression as well as by a possible interaction with the pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kuo
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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27
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Kuo TH, Hsu WH, Chiang CD, Huang CM, Chen CY, Chang MC. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis. J Formos Med Assoc 1998; 97:197-203. [PMID: 9549271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and reliability of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (US-guided FNAB) combined with modified Papanicolaou's staining in the diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis. The study included 10 patients (9 men, 1 woman, 28-70 yr). Percutaneous US-guided FNAB was performed through a puncture probe with central channel guidance (n = 8) or in a 'free-hand' manner (2), depending on the size of the lesion and the experience of the operator. Sonography disclosed homogeneously hypoechoic lesions with air bronchograms over the peripheral or central portion in nine patients, and occasional heterogeneous echogenicity with necrotic tissue without air bronchogram in one. Thirteen lesions were found on the chest radiographs of the 10 patients; these could be divided into three patterns: infiltrates (2), nodules or masses (7), and consolidation (4). Using US-guided FNAB and immediate modified Papanicolaou's stain, a diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis was confirmed in nine of the 10 patients. The remaining case was proven by surgical resection. No major complications developed after US-guided FNAB. We conclude that this technique, combined with modified Papanicolaou's staining, provides a safe, rapid, and reliable method for diagnosing pulmonary cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
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28
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Loh JK, Chang DS, Kuo TH, Howng SL. Shaken baby syndrome. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1998; 14:112-6. [PMID: 9542368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fourteen cases of shaken baby syndrome seen between 1993 to 1997 at the Kaohsiung Medical College Hospital were reviewed. The common clinical presentations were seizure, respiratory problem and disturbed consciousness. The signs and symptoms of this form of head trauma were nonspecific. The findings may mimic infection, intoxication, seizure disorder or metabolic abnormalities. The CT scan is the most common diagnostic tool in cases of suspected shaken baby syndrome. The common CT findings were acute subdural hematoma followed by chronic subdural hematoma and subarachnoid hemorrhage. One infant died due to delay in seeking medical help. Five patients sustained significant morbidity which included developmental delay, seizure, motor deficit and visual impairment. Early recognition and prompt treatment were key to the overall success of case management. The incidence of shaken baby syndrome can be reduced through public awareness and education of the parents not to shake the baby.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Loh
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Roufogalis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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30
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Lee MG, Xu X, Zeng W, Diaz J, Kuo TH, Wuytack F, Racymaekers L, Muallem S. Polarized expression of Ca2+ pumps in pancreatic and salivary gland cells. Role in initiation and propagation of [Ca2+]i waves. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:15771-6. [PMID: 9188473 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.25.15771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at localization of plasma membrane (PMCA) and intracellular (SERCA) Ca2+ pumps and characterizing their role in initiation and propagation of Ca2+ waves. Specific and polarized expression of Ca2+ pumps was observed in all epithelial cells examined. Immunolocalization revealed expression of PMCA in both the basolateral and luminal membranes of all cell types. SERCA2a appeared to be expressed in the luminal pole, whereas SERCA2b was expressed in the basal pole and the nuclear envelope of pancreatic acini. Interestingly, SERCA2b was found in the luminal pole of submandibular salivary gland acinar and duct cells. These cells expressed SERCA3 in the basal pole. To examine the significance of the polarized expression of SERCA and perhaps PMCA pumps in secretory cells, we compared the effect of inhibition of SERCA pumps with thapsigargine and partial Ca2+ release with ionomycin on Ca2+ release evoked by agonists and Ca2+ uptake induced by antagonists. Despite their polarized expression, Ca2+ uptake by SERCA pumps and Ca2+ efflux by PMCA resulted in uniform reduction in [Ca2+]i. Surprisingly, inhibition of the SERCA pumps, but not Ca2+ release by ionomycin, eliminated the distinct initiation sites and propagated Ca2+ waves, leading to a uniform increase in [Ca2+]i. In addition, inhibition of SERCA pumps reduced the rate of Ca2+ release from internal stores. The implication of these findings to rates of Ca2+ diffusion in the cytosol, compartmentalization of Ca2+ signaling complexes, and mechanism of Ca2+ wave propagation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA
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31
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Lee MG, Xu X, Zeng W, Diaz J, Wojcikiewicz RJ, Kuo TH, Wuytack F, Racymaekers L, Muallem S. Polarized expression of Ca2+ channels in pancreatic and salivary gland cells. Correlation with initiation and propagation of [Ca2+]i waves. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:15765-70. [PMID: 9188472 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.25.15765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In polarized epithelial cells [Ca2+]i waves are initiated in discrete regions and propagate through the cytosol. The structural basis for these compartmentalized and coordinated events are not well understood. In the present study we used a combination of [Ca2+]i imaging at high temporal resolution, recording of Ca2+-activated Cl- current, and immunolocalization by confocal microscopy to study the correlation between initiation and propagation of [Ca2+]i waves and localization of Ca2+ release channels in pancreatic acini and submandibular acinar and duct cells. In all cells Ca2+ waves are initiated in the luminal pole and propagate through the cell periphery to the basal pole. All three cell types express the three known inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs). Expression of IP3Rs was confined to the area just underneath the luminal and lateral membranes, with no detectable receptors in the basal pole or other regions of the cells. In pancreatic acini and SMG ducts IP3R3 was also found in the nuclear envelope. Expression of ryanodine receptor was detected in submandibular salivary gland cells but not pancreatic acini. Accordingly, cyclic ADP ribose was very effective in mobilizing Ca2+ from internal stores of submandibular salivary gland but not pancreatic acinar cells. Measurement of [Ca2+]i and localization of IP3Rs in the same cells suggests that only a small part of IP3Rs participate in the initiation of the Ca2+ wave, whereas most receptors in the cell periphery probably facilitate the propagation of the Ca2+ wave. The combined results together with our previous studies on this subject lead us to conclude that the internal Ca2+ pool is highly compartmentalized and that compartmentalization is achieved in part by polarized expression of Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA
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32
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Kuo TH, Liu BF, Yu Y, Wuytack F, Raeymaekers L, Tsang W. Co-ordinated regulation of the plasma membrane calcium pump and the sarco(endo)plasmic reticular calcium pump gene expression by Ca2+. Cell Calcium 1997; 21:399-408. [PMID: 9223676 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4160(97)90051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane calcium pump (PMCA) and sarco(endo)plasmic reticular calcium pump (SERCA) are important components of the Ca2+ homeostasis system responsible for intracellular Ca2+ signaling, yet the factors which govern their expression remain unclear. Recently, we have found that overexpression of PMCA by a gene transfection approach caused a down-regulation of the SERCA pump [Liu B.F., Xu X., Fridman R., Muallem S., Kuo T.H. Consequences of functional expression of the plasma membrane calcium pump isoform 1a. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 5536-5544]. The results suggest an interdependence between PMCA and SERCA gene expression which has prompted us to investigate further on the mechanisms that regulate the expression of these Ca2+ pump genes in various cultured cell lines. In the present study, we have analyzed the isoforms of the PMCA and SERCA in different cells and presented evidence in favor of a co-induction of the PMCA and SERCA gene expression by second messengers, such as protein kinase C, cAMP, and Ca2+. Ectopic expression of PMCA or SERCA led to downregulation of the endogenous forms of both pumps. Changes in the level of mRNAs were paralleled by corresponding altered pump protein contents. The Ca(2+)-mediated increase of gene expression is accompanied by increased transcription rates as indicated by nuclear run-on assay. The co-ordinated induction of the PMCA and SERCA gene expression by thapsigargin was not blocked by the cytosolic application of the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA. We conclude that genes encoding components of the major Ca2+ transport pathways, including pumps and IP3 receptor channels, are regulatorally linked and this link is provided by the Ca2+ load of the ER store. This study points to the importance of gene expression as an integral component in the regulation of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kuo
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
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33
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Chang DS, Kuo TH, Hwang SL, Howng SL. The familial occurrence of brain tumors. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1997; 13:268-71. [PMID: 9177089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a report of two parent-child families which developed intracranial neoplasm. There is no known history of brain tumor in other family members. Two instances of familial brain tumors are reported which are different from those seen in phakomatosis. Family one had posterior fossa tumors including astrocytoma and hemangioblastoma. The second family had endocrine-associated tumors consisting of pituitary adenoma and yolk sac tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Chang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical College Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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34
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Monteith GR, Kable EP, Kuo TH, Roufogalis BD. Elevated plasma membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump mRNA levels in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 230:344-6. [PMID: 9016780 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.5956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have observed previously that Ca2+ pump-mediated Ca2+ efflux is elevated in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats compared to those from Wistar-Kyoto rat controls. The objective of this work was to determine if these strains differ in mRNA levels for the PMCA1 isoform of the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase and the SERCA2 isoform of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. mRNA levels were compared in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from 10-week-old male rats. PMCA1 and SERCA2 mRNA levels were elevated in SHR compared to WKY. Angiotensin II increased the level of PMCA1 and SERCA2 mRNA in both strains. These studies provide further evidence for altered Ca2+ homeostasis in hypertension at the level of Ca2+ transporting ATPases in the spontaneously hypertensive rat model. These data are also consistent with the hypothesis that the expression of these two Ca2+ pumps may be linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Monteith
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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35
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Cheng G, Liu BF, Yu Y, Diglio C, Kuo TH. The exit from G(0) into the cell cycle requires and is controlled by sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump. Arch Biochem Biophys 1996; 329:65-72. [PMID: 8619636 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1996.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular calcium pump sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ (SERCA) is responsible for the formation of the Ca2+ gradient across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and this gradient is used to generate the Ca2- signal during agonist-stimulated cell growth. In the present study, the role of SERCA in both cell cycle and growth control was investigated using cultured rat aortic endothelial cells (RAEC). Using a novel DNA transfection approach, cell lines were established that showed varying degree of SERCA activity through the down-regulation of the endogenous SERCA gene (B. F. Liu, X. Xu, R. Fridman, S. Muallem, and T. H. Kuo, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 1--9, 1996). Cell proliferation studies indicated that the lower SERCA expressing cells exhibited a slower growth pattern without altering the doubling time which was similar for both parental and transfected RAEC lines. G1 to S phase transition was prolonged with a smaller proportion of cells entering DNA synthesis as indicated by thymidine incorporation assay. Comparison of transfected cell lines indicated a tight coupling of SERCA activity and the length of the G1 period. Down-regulation of SERCA gene expression was accompanied by increased mRNA levels of p21 (WAF1/CIP1), a universal cell cycle inhibitor. The delay in G1 to S progression also coincided with the up-regulation of p53 mRNA and underphosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein. This study suggests that Ca2+ metabolism in the agonist mobilizable pool controls the cell cycle through the regulation of genes operating in the critical G1 to S checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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36
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Abstract
The plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase pump (PMCA) is an integral component of the Ca2+ signaling system which participates in signal transduction during agonist stimulated cell activation. To better understand the physiological function of the pump, isoform 1a (PMCA1a) was over-expressed in rat aortic endothelial cells using a stable transfection system under the control of a cytomegalovirus promoter. The cell lines selected after transfection with PMCA1a construct, expressed 3-4-fold increased pump protein which was mostly targeted to the plasma membrane as indicated by immunoperoxidase staining. Ca2+ uptake assays in a membrane preparation indicated a 3-4-fold increase in Ca2+ pumping activity in the transfected cells, and the expressed PMCA1a showed typical dependence on Ca2+ and calmodulin for stimulation of activity. Measurement of [Ca2+]i and [Ca2+]out showed that expression of PMCA1a had a profound effect on different aspects of the Ca2+ signal. The peak increase in [Ca2+]i evoked by ATP and/or thapsigargin was lower but the plateau phase was similar in the PMCA1a expressing cells. Accordingly, titration with ionomycin of Ca2+ content of internal stores, measurement of Ca2+ uptake into the thapsigargin- and oxalate-sensitive pool (endoplasmic reticulum) of isolated microsomes, Ca2+ uptake into streptolysin O-permeabilized cells, and analysis of SERCA mRNA and protein, showed that expression and activity of the SERCA pump was down-regulated in cells expressing PMCA1a pump. Expression of PMCA1a also down-regulated expression of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-activated Ca2+ channel and the rate of IP3-mediated Ca2+ release in permeable cells, without affecting the affinity of the channel for IP3. On the other hand the rate of store depletion-dependent Ca2+ and Mn2+ influx (Ca2+ entry) into PMCA1a expressing cells was increased by about 2.6-fold. These changes prevented estimating the rate of pump-mediated Ca2+ efflux from changes in [Ca2+]i. Measurement of [Ca2+]out showed that the rate of Ca2+ efflux in cells expressing PMCA1a was about 1.45-fold higher than Neo controls, despite the 4-fold increase in the amount of functional pump protein. The overall study points to the flexibility, interdependence, and adaptability of the different components of the Ca2+ signaling systems to regulate the expression and activity of each component and maintain a nearly constant Ca2+ signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Liu
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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37
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Kuo TH, Kubota T, Watanabe M, Furukawa T, Teramoto T, Ishibiki K, Kitajima M, Moossa AR, Penman S, Hoffman RM. Liver colonization competence governs colon cancer metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:12085-9. [PMID: 8618849 PMCID: PMC40301 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.26.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors that metastasize do so to preferred target organs. To explain this apparent specificity, Paget, > 100 years ago, formulated his seed and soil hypothesis; i.e., the cells from a given tumor would "seed'' only favorable "soil'' offered by certain groups. The hypothesis implies that cancer cells must find a suitable "soil'' in a target organ--i.e., one that supports colonization--for metastasis to occur. We demonstrate in this report that ability of human colon cancer cells to colonize liver tissue governs whether a particular colon cancer is metastatic. In the model used in this study, human colon tumors are transplanted into the nude mouse colon as intact tissue blocks by surgical orthotopic implantation. These implanted tumors closely simulate the metastatic behavior of the original human patient tumor and are clearly metastatic or nonmetastatic to the liver. Both classes of tumors were equally invasive locally into tissues and blood vessels. However, the cells from each class of tumor behave very differently when directly injected into nude mouse livers. Only cells from metastasizing tumors are competent to colonize after direct intrahepatic injection. Also, tissue blocks from metastatic tumors af fixed directly to the liver resulted in colonization, whereas no colonization resulted from nonmetastatic tumor tissue blocks even though some growth occurred within the tissue block itself. Thus, local invasion (injection) and even adhesion to the metastatic target organ (blocks) are not sufficient for metastasis. The results suggest that the ability to colonize the liver is the governing step in the metastasis of human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kuo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Kase S, Kubota T, Watanabe M, Furukawa T, Tanino H, Kuo TH, Saikawa Y, Teramoto T, Kitajima M. Dual modulation by l-leucovorin and recombinant human interferon alpha 2a of 5-fluorouracil antitumor activity against the human colon carcinoma xenograft Co-4. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1995; 15:1089-93. [PMID: 8746791 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1995.15.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the dual modulation by l-leucovorin (LV) and recombinant human interferon-alpha 2a (IFN-alpha 2a) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) antitumor activity against human colon carcinoma cells (Co-4) using a nude mouse system. 5-FU was administered intraperitoneally (IP) at 10 or 90 mg/kg. 5-FU (10 mg/kg) was administered daily for 10 days, and 90 mg/kg was administered once. LV was administered IP 1 and 0 h before 5-FU treatment at 200 mg/kg. IFN-alpha 2a was administered subcutaneously (SC) daily for 14 days at 60,000 IU/mouse. When 5-FU was administered at 10 or 90 mg/kg with these two modulators, the antitumor effect was increased significantly, with T/C ratios of 18.1 and 6.1, respectively. These modulatory effects were assessed as synergistic, without associated severe side effects or death during the experimental period. LV augmented the antitumor activity of 5-FU through increment of thymidylate synthetase (TS) inhibition, and IFN-alpha 2a showed a modulatory effect in elevating the intratumoral concentration of fluorouridine without change in TS inhibition. These results suggest that 5-FU antitumor activity against human colon carcinoma could be significantly potentiated without severe side effects by these two modulators, which possess different modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kase
- Department of Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Tanino H, Kubota T, Yamada Y, Koh J, Kase S, Furukawa T, Kuo TH, Saikawa Y, Kitajima M, Naito Y. In vivo antitumor activity of hexamethylmelamine against human breast, stomach and colon carcinoma xenografts. Jpn J Cancer Res 1995; 86:770-5. [PMID: 7559101 PMCID: PMC5920905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1995.tb02467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We have evaluated the antitumor activity of Altretamine (hexamethylmelamine, HMM) on human carcinoma xenografts serially transplanted in nude mice. Five human breast carcinoma xenografts, MX-1, T-61, MCF-7, R-27 and Br-10, were inoculated subcutaneously into female nude mice. Two human stomach carcinoma xenografts, SC-1-NU and St-4, and three human colon carcinoma xenografts, Co-3, Co-4 and Co-6, were inoculated subcutaneously into male nude mice. One pellet of 17 beta-estradiol (0.1 mg/mouse) was inoculated subcutaneously in the mice transplanted with MCF-7 when the tumors were inoculated. HMM was administered per os daily for 4 weeks. MX-1 and T-61 tumors regressed completely after treatment with HMM at a dose of 75 mg/kg (the maximum tolerated dose: MTD) for MX-1 and 25 mg/kg for T-61. Br-10 was sensitive, whereas MCF-7 and R-27 were resistant to HMM at its MTD. HMM exerted the most potent antitumor effect against T-61. Against MX-1, it exerted an antitumor effect equivalent to that of cisplatin or cyclophosphamide. In addition, this agent was effective against all stomach and colon carcinoma xenografts, in particular St-4 (T/C% = 10.7: the mean tumor weight of treated group/the mean tumor weight of control group) and Co-3 (T/C% = 31.5%) which are insensitive to presently available agents. HMM seems worthy of further clinical investigation as a candidate agent to treat breast, stomach, colon and other carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanino
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Wakayama Medical College
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40
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Abstract
The expression of plasma membrane Ca2+ pump (PMCA) is regulated by various hormones or agonists via multiple second messenger pathways. Two different 5' segments of the PMCA1 gene (isoform 1) were cloned from a mouse genomic library. While one segment contained the 3' end of intron 1 and exon 2, the other segment was found to encompass the 5'-flanking region of the gene, exon 1, and the 5' portion of intron 1. Sequence analysis of the 5'-flanking region suggested the presence of the putative promoter. Four sites for initiation of transcription (spanning 64 bp) were identified by RNase protection assay and primer extension analysis. The promoter region was very GC-rich, contained no "TATA box," but had a "CAAT box" at -51. Comparison of sequence with known cis-regulatory motifs disclosed that the 5'-flanking region has a number of potential regulatory elements including an AP-1 site at -354, AP-2 binding sites at -267 and -123, Sp1 binding sites at -127, -111, and +3, and a cyclic AMP response element binding protein site at -67. To demonstrate promoter activity, a segment containing 611 bp of the promoter region (from -442 to +169) was subcloned in front of a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. This segment was able to drive the expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in transient transfections of mouse (or human) neuroblastoma cells as well as rat aortic endothelial cells. Deletion analysis demonstrated that a fragment from -256 to +169 showed strong promoter activity, while a fragment from -117 to +169 had CAT activity that was not different from the vector control. The promoter was stimulated threefold by phorbol ester and twofold by cyclic AMP. These results provide further proof indicating up-regulation of the PMCA1 gene by multiple second messenger pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Du
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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41
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Kase S, Kubota T, Watanabe M, Furukawa T, Tanino H, Kuo TH, Saikawa Y, Teramoto T, Kitajima M. Recombinant human interferon alpha-2a increases the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil on human colon carcinoma xenograft Co-4 without any change in 5-FU pharmacokinetics. Anticancer Res 1995; 15:153-5. [PMID: 7733626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the modulating effect of recombinant human interferon alpha-2a (IFN-alpha) on the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) against a human colon carcinoma xenograft (Co-4) in nude mice with reference to changes in the pharmacokinetic pattern of 5-FU. Mice bearing Co-4 received 5-FU ip at a dose of 90 mg/kg once with or without IFN-alpha, which was administered sc at a dose of 60.000 IU/mouse daily for 7 days before 5-FU treatment. When the area under the curve (AUC) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 5-FU with or without IFN-alpha were measured as pharmacokinetic parameters, the pharmacokinetics of 5-FU was not changed by IFN-alpha administration. This result suggests that the modulating effect of IFN-alpha on 5-FU does not involve augmentation of 5-FU pharmacokinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kase
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Chang JW, Howng SL, Sun ZM, Kuo TH, Duh CC. An unusual intracranial metastasis of osteosarcoma. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1994; 10:700-4. [PMID: 7853432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial metastasis is unusual in osteosarcoma. A case of osteosarcoma was presented with a large intracranial "stone" which was a subdural convexity metastasis. Smaller epidural metastases over other areas were noted also in brain CT scan. Using the radiographs and bone scans, many other lesions at bones, the mediastinum, pleura, perirenal space, and adrenal gland were detected simultaneously. This condition might result from either early metastases or multifocal osteosarcomas. Because many of the above lesion sites were not frequent locations of primary osteosarcoma and had been reported as metastatic targets of osteosarcoma. So the explanation of a very malignant osteosarcoma with early metastases may be more appropriate for this case. The baseball-like tumor in the subdural space with marked compression of the brain surface was grossly totally excised. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Postoperatively, the man's condition improved dramatically, though only for two months. He died 5 months later. Reports of such metastatic osteosarcomas are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Provincial Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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43
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Saikawa Y, Kubota T, Kuo TH, Furukawa T, Kase S, Tanino H, Isobe Y, Watanabe M, Ishibiki K, Arimori M. Synergistic antitumor activity of combination chemotherapy with mitomycin C and cisplatin against human gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice. J Surg Oncol 1994; 56:242-5. [PMID: 8057650 DOI: 10.1002/jso.2930560408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A new combined cancer chemotherapy regimen of mitomycin C (MMC) and cisplatin (DDP) showed synergistic antitumor activity against human gastric cancer xenografts St-40 and SC-1-NU in BALB/c nu/nu mice. The drugs were administered intraperitoneally at doses of 2 or 4 mg/kg for MMC and 3 or 6 mg/kg for DDP, respectively. To clarify the schedule-dependent antitumor activity of MMC and DDP against St-40 and SC-1-NU, different sequential therapies were conducted. Simultaneous administration of these agents showed the highest antitumor activity against SC1-NU among the three regimens used, whereas the sequence of MMC followed by DDP showed higher antitumor activity than the reverse sequence against St-40. The intratumoral concentration of platinum was significantly increased in St-40 treated with the sequence MMC to DDP, in comparison with the sequence DDP to MMC. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of this combination was 4 mg MMC plus 6 mg DDP per kg in all the combinations, and these MTDs were 2/3 of the corresponding values for their single use. Since this combination increased the antitumor activity of each single agent without any increase in their toxicity, it would appear to be useful clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Saikawa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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44
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Levy J, Rempinski D, Kuo TH. Hormone-specific defect in insulin regulation of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-adenosine triphosphatase activity in kidney membranes from streptozocin non-insulin-dependent diabetic rats. Metabolism 1994; 43:604-13. [PMID: 8177049 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(94)90203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane enzyme (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-adenosine triphosphatase [(Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase] is hormonally regulated, and may participate in Ca2+ signaling by removing excess Ca2+ from the cell. Insulin increases ATPase activity in kidney cortical basolateral membranes (BLM) from normal rats, but fails to do so in membranes from insulin-resistant non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) rats. To investigate mechanisms of insulin regulation of ATPase and to evaluate whether the loss of this regulation in diabetes is hormone-specific and depends on blood glucose levels, (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase function and its hormonal regulation were studied in kidney BLM from rats with mild and severe NIDDM. Km values for ATP and Ca2+ affinity of the ATPase were similar in diabetic and control rats, but the maximal velocity (Vmax) of the enzyme was higher in diabetic groups. Insulin, the protein kinase C (PKC) stimulator 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) all increased the ATPase activity in BLM from controls by increasing the enzyme's affinity for Ca2+. A protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor (H8 in low concentrations) abolished cAMP and PTH effects, but not those of insulin, whereas the PKC inhibitors (sphingosine and high concentrations of H8) did abolish the effects of insulin. Stimulations of ATPase activity by insulin and by PTH and cAMP were additive. Insulin and TPA lost their stimulatory effects on ATPase in BLM from rats with either mild or severe NIDDM, but PTH and cAMP maintained their stimulatory effects in these membranes. The data show [1] (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity is increased in NIDDM, and a hormone-specific loss of insulin stimulation of ATPase occurs; (2) these defects are not dependent on the level of glycemia; and (3) the stimulatory effects of insulin on the ATPase may be mediated in part via PKC. We suggest that the hormone-specific defect in insulin regulation of ATPase seen in the NIDDM rats may contribute to their insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Levy
- Department of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
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45
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Saikawa Y, Kubota T, Kuo TH, Furukawa T, Kase S, Tanino H, Ishibiki K, Kitajima M, Hoffman RM. Antitumor activity of (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyl adriamycin on human gastric cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Anticancer Res 1994; 14:469-73. [PMID: 8017850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The antitumor activity of (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyl adriamycin (pirarubicin; THP) was assessed using human gastric cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. The cytotoxicity of THP on MKN-28 and MKN-45 was superior to that of adriamycin (ADM) as detected by a growth assay with an MTT colorimetric endpoint. When the same doses of THP and ADM were administered intraperitoneally to nude mice bearing St-15, St-40 and SC-1-NU, the antitumor activity of THP was almost equivalent to ADM in terms of relative mean tumor weight. However, the adverse effects of THP were also significantly lower than those of ADM in terms of death rate, body weight loss and spleen weight loss. This was also confirmed in THP or ADM combination chemotherapy with mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil on St-15 and MKN-45. These results indicated that THP is a candidate anthracycline to replace ADM for combination cancer chemotherapy in gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Saikawa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Saikawa Y, Kubota T, Kuo TH, Tanino H, Kase S, Furukawa T, Watanabe M, Ishibiki K, Kitajima M, Hoffman RM. Combined effect of 5-fluorouracil and carboplatin against human gastric cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Anticancer Res 1994; 14:461-4. [PMID: 8017848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The antitumor activity of a sequential combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and carboplatin (JM-8) was evaluated using gastric cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro study, the sequence of 5-FU followed by JM-8 showed higher antitumor activity than that of the reverse sequence. The sequence of 5-FU at 5 micrograms/ml for 24 h followed by 5 micrograms/ml JM-8 for 24 h showed antitumor activity almost equivalent to that of 10 micrograms/ml 5-FU for 24 h and higher activity than that of 10 micrograms/ml JM-8 for 24 h on two cell lines. To evaluate the antitumor activity and toxicity of 5-FU and JM-8 in vivo, BALB/cA nu/nu mice bearing human gastric cancer xenografts St-15, St-40 and SC-1-NU were administered 5-FU and JM-8 intraperitoneally. The sequence of 5-FU prior to JM-8 showed higher antitumor activity than that of the reverse sequence on all the xenografts, and simultaneous administration of 5-FU and JM-8 showed the most potent antitumor activity on St-40 and SC-1-NU. On the other hand, the sequence of 5-FU before JM-8 showed the lowest toxicity in all the treated groups, in terms of death rate, body weight loss and spleen weight loss. This combination is thought to be a promising chemotherapy regimen, showing high antitumor activity without an increment of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Saikawa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Kuo TH, Hwang SL, Sun ZM, Howng SL. [Contralateral epidural hematoma following the craniotomy for intracerebral tumor--one case report and review of literature]. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1994; 10:48-51. [PMID: 8176768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A 40-year old female patient suffered from headaches for 2 months. Two days before admission, the headache got worse and vomiting and seizures followed. Brain CT scans revealed a right frontal intracerebral tumor. So she received a craniotomy to remove the tumor, which was verified as glioblastoma multiforme. The postoperative course was uneventful. However, headaches attacked again two weeks later. An epidural hematoma on the left parietooccipital region was found on brain CT scans. The craniotomy was done to remove the hematoma and no abnormal vessels or inflammation was seen in the operative field. This was the first such case we had encountered. We review the literature and discuss possible factors related to this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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48
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Kawamoto K, Teramoto T, Watanabe M, Kase S, Shatari T, Hasegawa H, Fujita S, Kuo TH, Kawano Y, Kitajima M. Splenic abscess associated with colon cancer: a case report. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1993; 23:384-8. [PMID: 8283793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present report describes a case of colon cancer which presented with a rare complication of splenic abscess. A 52-year-old Japanese man with diarrhea, fever and chills was admitted to our hospital. He complained of fever, with chills at night, and abdominal pain occurring during the last month. The origin of the fever was investigated, and Escherichia coli grew from a blood culture. Multilocular splenic abscesses and wall thickening of the descending colon were revealed by CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound. A cancer of the descending colon was found by barium enema and colonoscopy. A curative resection was performed and the pathological report revealed the splenic abscess to have developed from a direct extension of, and perforation by, the carcinoma of the descending colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kawamoto
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo
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49
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Saikawa Y, Kubota T, Kuo TH, Kase S, Furukawa T, Tanino H, Ishibiki K, Kitajima M. Synergistic antitumor activity of mitomycin C and cisplatin against gastric cancer cells in vitro. J Surg Oncol 1993; 54:98-102. [PMID: 8412167 DOI: 10.1002/jso.2930540209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic antitumor activity of mitomycin C (MMC) and cisplatin (DDP) against the gastric cancer cell lines MKN-28 and MKN-45 was assessed in vitro using the MTT assay. The synergism of the two agents was evaluated in terms of the interaction index (I.I.). The sequence of MMC followed by DDP showed higher antitumor activity than the reverse sequence against MKN-28 and MKN-45, and the intracellular concentration of platinum was significantly increased in MKN-45 by preincubation with MMC, suggesting that MMC modulates cellular permeability to DDP or the ability of DDP to intercalate DNA. Since these two antitumor agents show different types of toxicity clinically, i.e., myelotoxicity by MMC and nephrotoxicity by DDP, this combination chemotherapy could be advantageous by providing synergistic antitumor activity without increased toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Saikawa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Abstract
The modulation of the plasma membrane calcium pump (PMCA) gene expression is not well understood. We now present evidence that PMCA mRNA is induced by various hormones or agonists via multiple second messenger pathways that include protein kinase C-, cAMP-, and Ca(2+)-dependent mechanisms. Among several types of cultured cells examined, endothelial cells from the rat aorta (RAEC) responded to phorbol ester or angiotensin II with an 8- to 20-fold increase in the PMCA messages, while endothelial cells from the brain resistant vessel (RVEC) exhibited minimal (0- to 2-fold) response to these agonists. On the other hand, under the stimulation of cAMP or thapsigargin (a calcium mobilizing agent), the pattern of response is reversed; only RVEC responded but not RAEC. The results suggest that hormone-induced PMCA gene expression is regulated via two distinct pathways; one involves protein kinase C while the other involves Ca2+ or cAMP. Since the protein kinase A inhibitor (or the calmodulin-dependent kinase inhibitor) was able to block the stimulation elicited by either Ca2+ or cAMP, we suggest that the Ca2+ and cAMP signals share a common passage leading to the induction of PMCA mRNA. The possibility of cross-talk between the distinct second messenger pathways is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kuo
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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