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Wen C, Lin X, Ying Y, Ma Y, Yu H, Li X, Yan J. Dioxin emission prediction from a full-scale municipal solid waste incinerator: Deep learning model in time-series input. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 170:93-102. [PMID: 37562201 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The immeasurability of real-time dioxin emissions is the principal limitation to controlling and reducing dioxin emissions in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). Existing methods for dioxin emissions prediction are based on machine learning with inadequate dioxin datasets. In this study, the deep learning models are trained through larger online dioxin emissions data from a waste incinerator to predict real-time dioxin emissions. First, data are collected and the operating data are preprocessed. Then, the dioxin emission prediction performance of the machine learning and deep learning models, including long short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural networks (CNN), with normal input and time-series input are compared. We evaluate the applicability of each model and find that the performance of the deep learning models (LSTM and CNN) has improved by 36.5% and 30.4%, respectively, in terms of the mean square error (MSE) with the time-series input. Moreover, through feature analysis, we find that temperature, airflow, and time dimension are considerable for dioxin prediction. The results are meaningful for optimizing the control of dioxins from MSWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojun Wen
- Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Yuxuan Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Carbon Neutrality of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314031, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Stable and Effective Online Monitoring and Feedback Control of PCDD/F during Municipal Waste Incineration. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144290. [PMID: 34299565 PMCID: PMC8305602 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For the long-term operation of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), online monitoring and feedback control of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) can be used to control the emissions to national or regional standards. In this study, 500 PCDD/F samples were determined by thermal desorption gas chromatography coupled to tunable-laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC-TLI-TOFMS) for 168 h. PCDD/F emissions range from 0.01 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 to 2.37 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, with 44% of values below 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 (the national standard). In addition, the temperature of the furnace outlet, bed pressure, and oxygen content are considered as key operating parameters among the 13 operating parameters comprising four temperature parameters, four pressure parameters, four flow parameters, and oxygen content. More specifically, maintaining the furnace outlet temperature to be higher than 800 °C, or bed pressure higher than 13 kPa, or the oxygen content stably and above 10% are effective methods for reducing PCDD/F emissions. According to the analysis of the Pearson coefficients and maximal information coefficients, there is no significant correlation between operating parameters and PCDD/F I-TEQ. Only when there is a significant change in one of these factors will the PCDD/F emissions also change accordingly. The feedback control of PCDD/F emissions is realized by adjusting the furnace outlet temperature, bed temperature, and bed pressure to control the PCDD/F to be less than 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm3.
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Xiong S, Lu S, Shang F, Li X, Yan J, Cen K. Online predicting PCDD/F emission by formation pathway identification clustering and Box-Cox Transformation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129780. [PMID: 33581395 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The composition of the fuel and operational conditions change dramatically under the long-term operation of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). Therefore, it is difficult to provide effective rapid feedback to control PCDD/F emissions, presenting as International Toxic Equivalent Quantity (I-TEQ). To address this problem, a PCDD/F emission prediction method is developed, based on formation pathway identification clustering (FPIC) and Box-Cox transformation (BCT). Meanwhile, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is measured by the thermal desorption gas chromatography coupled to tunable-laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC-TLI-TOFMS). In the method, FPIC includes de novo synthesis, chlorobenzene(CBz)-route synthesis, chlorophenol (CP)-route synthesis, and the chlorination of dibenzofuran (DD) or dibenzodioxin (DF). The PCDD/F emission data was divided into Cluster 1 (I-TEQ>0.1 ng/Nm3) and Cluster 2 (I-TEQ<0.1 ng/Nm3) by FPIC due to PCDD/F in Cluster 1 main from CP-route and PCDD/F in Cluster 2 main from de novo synthesis and CBz-route synthesis. Also, the BCT was used to transform the I-TEQ and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene data and to construct effective models. The accurate and precise PCDD/F emissions are predicted with the vast majority of error percentage within [ -40%, 40% ], and errors within [ -0.126, 0.016 ] I-TEQ (ng/Nm3). The absolute value of the relative difference between predicted I-TEQ and measured I-TEQ (|RD|) of the linear model constructed by the method has a significant reduction to 20.28%. FPIC and BCT can be used as an effective method to online predict PCDD/F emission in long-term operation thereby allowing the rapid operational feedback to control PCDD/F emission from the incinerator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Shengyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China.
| | - Fanjie Shang
- Zhejiang Fuchunjiang Environmental Technology Research Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311401, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Kefan Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
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Gehm C, Streibel T, Ehlert S, Schulz-Bull D, Zimmermann R. External trap-and-release membrane inlet for photoionization mass spectrometry: Towards fast direct analysis of aromatic pollutants in aquatic systems. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e8863. [PMID: 32557743 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fast and sensitive detection of aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) in water is of high importance because of their significant impact on human health and the environment. For this, resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) coupled to trap-and-release membrane-introduction mass spectrometry (T&R-MIMS) offers the possibility of sensitive on-line water analysis with a time resolution of minutes. METHODS REMPI is a versatile tool for sensitive gas-phase analysis, in which AHs are selectively ionized in complex gas mixtures by the subsequent absorption of at least two photons. In T&R-MIMS, selective extraction and enrichment of analytes from water can be achieved using semipermeable membranes. By the subsequent stimulated desorption of enriched compounds, mass spectrometric detection is enabled. RESULTS We present an external T&R inlet for hollow-fiber membranes coupled to REMPI time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which enables direct and sensitive detection of semi-volatile AHs in water. In laboratory experiments, spiked water samples were analyzed. For the investigated compounds, limits of detection (LODs) in the range 1-47 ng/L were determined. The LODs are approximately one order of magnitude lower than in a previously reported continuous membrane-introduction approach using a planar membrane. Further improvement of LOD may be realized by extending the trapping time and by increasing the release temperature. Furthermore, the system was applied to investigate different fuels suspended in water and real water samples. The obtained data are in good agreement with findings of a former study. CONCLUSIONS In the framework of the present study, we demonstrate the high potential of the combination of REMPI and T&R-MIMS in the form of a newly developed external hollow-fiber membrane inlet. With the developed system, semi-volatile AHs can be directly detected down to ng/L levels on a minute time scale. The approach thus may pave the way to future ship application in marine sciences, natural resources exploration or pollutant and hazard detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gehm
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, Rostock, 18059, Germany
| | - Thorsten Streibel
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, Rostock, 18059, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center of Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Sven Ehlert
- Photonion GmbH, Hagenower Strasse 73, Schwerin, 19061, Germany
| | - Detlef Schulz-Bull
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, Rostock-Warnemünde, 18119, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, Rostock, 18059, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center of Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
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Wen Z, Tang X, Fittschen C, Zhang C, Wang T, Wang C, Gu X, Zhang W. Online analysis of gas-phase radical reactions using vacuum ultraviolet lamp photoionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:043201. [PMID: 32357716 DOI: 10.1063/1.5135387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A home-made vacuum ultraviolet photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer has been developed and coupled to an atmospheric simulation chamber operated at atmospheric pressure and to a fast flow tube at low pressure (1-10 Torr). Gas sampling from the simulation chamber is realized directly via a capillary effusive beam, and sampling from the flow tube is via a continuous molecular beam inlet. Both devices are connected simultaneously to the ionization chamber of the mass spectrometer and can be switched in-between within minutes to study gas-phase radical reactions of atmospheric interest in a large range of reaction conditions and reaction times (from milliseconds in the flow tube to hours in the simulation chamber). A cage-shaped photoionization source combined with a commercial 10.6 eV krypton lamp has been developed to provide a high ion collection efficiency along the long light path in the cage. This way, a multiplexed detection with high sensitivity down to the sub-parts per billion volume concentration range, e.g., a limit of detection of 0.3 ppbv with an accumulation time of 60 s for benzene and 1.3 ppbv for the methyl radical, is obtained. The performance and suitability of the setup are illustrated by the study of the chlorine-initiated oxidation reaction of toluene in the atmospheric simulation chamber and in the fast flow tube. Stable products and reactive intermediates have been well-determined and their reaction dynamics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoying Wen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China
| | - Christa Fittschen
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522, PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cuihong Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China
| | - Xuejun Gu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China
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WANG T, TANG XF, WEN ZY, ZHANG CH, ZHANG WJ. A Vacuum Ultraviolet Photoionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer for Investigation of Free Radical Reaction. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gehm C, Streibel T, Ehlert S, Schulz-Bull D, Zimmermann R. Development and Optimization of an External-Membrane Introduction Photoionization Mass Spectrometer for the Fast Analysis of (Polycyclic)Aromatic Compounds in Environmental and Process Waters. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15547-15554. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gehm
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thorsten Streibel
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center of Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sven Ehlert
- Photonion GmbH, Hagenower Strasse 73, 19061 Schwerin, Germany
| | - Detlef Schulz-Bull
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock−Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center of Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Application of Vacuum Ultraviolet Single-photon Ionization Mass Spectrometer in Online Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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9
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Richter-Brockmann S, Dettbarn G, Jessel S, John A, Seidel A, Achten C. Ultra-high sensitive analysis of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene in human urine using GC-APLI-MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1118-1119:187-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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10
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Cao X, Stevens WR, Tang S, Lu S, Li X, Lin X, Tang M, Yan J. Atline measurement of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran International Toxic Equivalent Quantity prediction in the stack gas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:202-208. [PMID: 30340166 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A home-made analytical instrument based on thermal desorption gas chromatography coupled to resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC-REMPI-TOFMS) was applied for atline measurement of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene for the prediction of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) concentrations in the stack gas of a municipal solid waste incinerator (400 ton/day). Conventional high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRGC/HRMS) measurements for the determination of PCDD/F concentrations were performed to compare with TD-GC-REMPI-TOFMS measurements. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene correlated with I-TEQ at r = 0.867, 0.953 and 0.944 in unstable, stable and integrated conditions. The correlation was independent of the facility operating conditions observed in this study. Using a linear model to predict I-TEQ by 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene over the test, the average of the relative difference between predicted and measured I-TEQ was 18.9%. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene measured by TD-GC-REMPI-TOFMS can be used as a robust indicator of I-TEQ in stack gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China; Zhejiang Fuchunjiang Environmental Technology Research Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311401, PR China
| | - William R Stevens
- College of Health Sciences, Kentucky Christian University, Grayson, KY, 41143, United States; Zhejiang Fuchunjiang Environmental Technology Research Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311401, PR China
| | - Shaofu Tang
- Zhejiang Fuchunjiang Environmental Technology Research Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311401, PR China
| | - Shengyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Minghui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
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Wen Z, Tang X, Wang C, Fittschen C, Wang T, Zhang C, Yang J, Pan Y, Liu F, Zhang W. A vacuum ultraviolet photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer with high sensitivity for study of gas-phase radical reaction in a flow tube. INT J CHEM KINET 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuoying Wen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry; Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei China
- Graduate School; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry; Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry; Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei China
- Graduate School; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Christa Fittschen
- University Lille; PC2A, UMR CNRS-ULille 8522 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Tao Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry; Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei China
| | - Cuihong Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry; Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei China
- Graduate School; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Jiuzhong Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Yang Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Fuyi Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry; Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei China
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
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Determination of Relative Ionization Cross Sections for Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8091617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) is a powerful method for the sensitive determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in gaseous mixtures via mass spectrometry (MS). In REMPI, ions are produced by the absorption of at least two photons including defined electronic intermediate states. As a result—unlike other laser-based ionization techniques—spectroscopic selectivity is involved into the ionization process. Nevertheless, these wavelength-dependent ionization rates impede the quantification using REMPI. For this purpose, relative photoionization cross sections (relPICS) give an easy-to-use approach to quantify REMPI-MS measurements. Hereby, the ionization behavior of a single compound was compared to that of a reference substance of a given concentration. In this study, relPICS of selected single-core aromatics and PAHs at wavelengths of 266 nm and 248 nm were determined using two different time-of-flight mass spectrometric systems (TOFMS). For PAHs, relPICS were obtained which showed a strong dependence on the applied laser intensity. In contrast, for single-core aromatics, constant values of relPICS were determined. Deviations of relPICS between both TOFMS systems were found for small aromatics (e.g., benzene), which can be assigned to the differences in UV generation in the particular system. However, the relPICS of this study were found to be in good agreement with previous results and can be used for system-independent quantification.
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Alhroub I, Kozliak E, Kubátová A, Sulkes M. PAH/Aromatic Tar and Coke Precursor Formation in the Early Stages of Triglyceride (Triolein) Pyrolysis. J Phys Chem A 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Alhroub
- Chemistry Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Evguenii Kozliak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Alena Kubátová
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Mark Sulkes
- Chemistry Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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Yamamoto H, Ishigami H, Uchimura T. Online Monitoring of a Styrene Monomer and a Dimer in an Emulsion via Laser Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2018; 33:731-733. [PMID: 28603195 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was applied to the online monitoring of a styrene monomer and dimer in an emulsion. During the measurement of a styrene monomer oil-in-water emulsion for this study, a styrene dimer, 1,3-diphenylpropane, was dropped into the emulsion. As a result, signal spikes from both analytes occurred simultaneously, which suggested that either the dimer had moved to the monomer droplets or that the monomer and dimer droplets had aggregated. We concluded that this method could be useful for the direct monitoring of monomers and oligomers in the early stages of emulsion polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui
| | - Hidaka Ishigami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui
| | - Tomohiro Uchimura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui
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Miyagawa T, Shimizu S, Miura A, Fukuyama A, Uchimura T. Rapid Evaluation of the Bioremediation of Fuel Oil in Soil by Gas Chromatography–Laser Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1319378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shiho Shimizu
- Department of Science and Mathematics Education, Faculty of Education, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Asa Miura
- Department of Science and Mathematics Education, Faculty of Education, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Atsuko Fukuyama
- Headquarters for Innovative Society-Academia Cooperation, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uchimura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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16
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Große Brinkhaus S, Thiäner JB, Achten C. Ultra-high sensitive PAH analysis of certified reference materials and environmental samples by GC-APLI-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2801-2812. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Uchimura T, Tokumoto G, Batnyam O, Chou CW, Fujita S. Multiphoton Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Bioactive Lignan. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:255-7. [PMID: 26860576 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MPI-TOFMS) combined with a pulsed laser for sample vaporization was developed for the detection of a low-volatile compound in a solution. A solution containing Taiwanin A ((3E,4E)-3,4-bis(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone), which is a lignan that has an anticancer effect, was employed in the present study. Consequently, Taiwanin A could be detected by irradiating a laser pulse for vaporization to an inlet nozzle, rather than by heating. Therefore, the present method could be effective for detecting compounds with lower volatilities in a liquid sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Uchimura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui
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18
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Faccinetto A, Focsa C, Desgroux P, Ziskind M. Progress toward the Quantitative Analysis of PAHs Adsorbed on Soot by Laser Desorption/Laser Ionization/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:10510-10520. [PMID: 26267485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ex situ analyses of substances extracted from flames provide useful albeit mostly qualitative information on the formation process of soot and on the impact of exhausts on the environment. An experimental setup based on the coupling of laser desorption, laser ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LD/LI/ToF-MS) is presented in past works as an alternative means to more traditional techniques like gas chromatography (GC) to characterize the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content of soot. In this paper, we go one step further in the understanding of the laser desorption/laser ionization dynamics and propose a combined experimental/simulation approach: we estimate the limit of detection of LD/LI/ToF-MS as low as [0.2, 2.8] fmol per laser pulse and we make quantitative predictions on the concentration of PAHs desorbed from soot. In particular, external calibration with model samples where PAHs are adsorbed on black carbon at known concentrations allows us to link the concentration of PAHs desorbed and detected by photoionization ToF-MS to the concentration of PAHs adsorbed on soot. The comparison of data obtained from the analysis of flame sampled soot with standard commercial GC-MS run in parallel validates the approach and defines limits and potentialities of both techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Faccinetto
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère (PC2A), UMR CNRS 8522, Université de Lille Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Cristian Focsa
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM), UMR CNRS 8523, Université de Lille Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Pascale Desgroux
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère (PC2A), UMR CNRS 8522, Université de Lille Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Michael Ziskind
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM), UMR CNRS 8523, Université de Lille Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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19
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Comparison of the detection characteristics of trace species using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and laser breakdown time-of-flight mass spectrometry. SENSORS 2015; 15:5982-6008. [PMID: 25769051 PMCID: PMC4435158 DOI: 10.3390/s150305982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The rapid and precise element measurement of trace species, such as mercury, iodine, strontium, cesium, etc. is imperative for various applications, especially for industrial needs. The elements mercury and iodine were measured by two detection methods for comparison of the corresponding detection features. A laser beam was focused to induce plasma. Emission and ion signals were detected using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser breakdown time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LB-TOFMS). Multi-photon ionization and electron impact ionization in the plasma generation process can be controlled by the pressure and pulse width. The effect of electron impact ionization on continuum emission, coexisting molecular and atomic emissions became weakened in low pressure condition. When the pressure was less than 1 Pa, the plasma was induced by laser dissociation and multi-photon ionization in LB-TOFMS. According to the experimental results, the detection limits of mercury and iodine in N2 were 3.5 ppb and 60 ppb using low pressure LIBS. The mercury and iodine detection limits using LB-TOFMS were 1.2 ppb and 9.0 ppb, which were enhanced due to different detection features. The detection systems of LIBS and LB-TOFMS can be selected depending on the condition of each application.
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20
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Zimmermann R, Hertz-Schünemann R, Ehlert S, Liu C, McAdam K, Baker R, Streibel T. Highly time-resolved imaging of combustion and pyrolysis product concentrations in solid fuel combustion: NO formation in a burning cigarette. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1711-7. [PMID: 25582882 DOI: 10.1021/ac503512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The highly dynamic, heterogeneous combustion process within a burning cigarette was investigated by a miniaturized extractive sampling probe (microprobe) coupled to photoionization mass spectrometry using soft laser single photon ionization (SPI) for online real-time detection of molecular ions of combustion and pyrolysis products. Research cigarettes smoked by a smoking machine are used as a reproducible model system for solid-state biomass combustion, which up to now is not addressable by current combustion-diagnostic tools. By combining repetitively recorded online measurement sequences from different sampling locations in an imaging approach, highly time- and space-resolved quantitative distribution maps of, e.g., nitrogen monoxide, benzene, and oxygen concentrations were obtained at a near microscopic level. The obtained quantitative distribution maps represent a time-resolved, movie-like imaging of the respective compound's formation and destruction zones in the various combustion and pyrolysis regions of a cigarette during puffing. Furthermore, spatially resolved kinetic data were ascertainable. The here demonstrated methodology can also be applied to various heterogenic combustion/pyrolysis or reaction model systems, such as fossil- or biomass-fuel pellet combustion or to a positional resolved analysis of heterogenic catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock , Rostock, D-18057, Germany
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21
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Zhou H, Meng A, Long Y, Li Q, Zhang Y. A review of dioxin-related substances during municipal solid waste incineration. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 36:106-118. [PMID: 25488732 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are among the most toxic chemicals and the main restriction on municipal solid waste incineration. To exert more effective control over the formation of dioxin homologues during municipal solid waste incineration, it is significant to investigate dioxin-related compounds. Despite the numerous studies about PCDD/Fs, a unified understanding regarding many problems has yet to be reached because the homologues of PCDD/Fs are excessive, the measurement of PCDD/Fs is difficult, and the formation mechanisms of PCDD/Fs are complicated. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the different formation mechanisms of PCDD/Fs, including high temperature homogeneous reaction PCDD/Fs formation and low temperature heterogeneous reaction PCDD/Fs formation. Then the sources of PCDD/Fs including precursors (chlorophenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and residual carbon are summarized. In particular, this paper analyzes the substances that influence PCDD/Fs formation and their impact mechanisms, including different categories of chlorine (Cl2, HCl and chloride in fly ash), O2, copper, sulfur, water, and nitrogen compounds (ammonia and urea). Due to the high cost and complexity of PCDD/Fs measurement, PCDD/Fs indicators, especially chlorobenzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are summarized, to find an effective surrogate for quick, convenient and real-time monitoring of PCDD/Fs. Finally, according to the results of the current study, recommendations for further research and industrial applications prospects are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aihong Meng
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanqiu Long
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qinghai Li
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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22
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Real-time analysis of organic compounds in ship engine aerosol emissions using resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation and proton transfer mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:5939-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Streibel T, Zimmermann R. Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry (REMPI-MS): applications for process analysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2014; 7:361-381. [PMID: 25014345 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062012-092648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Process analysis is an emerging discipline in analytical sciences that poses special requirements on analytical techniques, especially when conducted in an online manner. Mass spectrometric methods seem exceedingly suitable for this task, particularly if a soft ionization method is applied. Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) in combination with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) provides a selective and sensitive means for monitoring (poly)aromatic compounds in process flows. The properties of REMPI and various variations of the ionization process are presented. The potential of REMPI for process analysis is highlighted with several examples, and drawbacks of the method are also noted. Applications of REMPI-TOFMS for the detection and monitoring of aromatic species in a large variety of combustion processes comprising flames, vehicle exhaust, and incinerators are discussed. New trends in technical development and combination with other analytical methods are brought forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Streibel
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, D-18059 Rostock, Germany;
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24
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IMASAKA T, IMASAKA T. An Evaluation of the Spectral Properties of Nerve Agents for Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:1113-20. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko IMASAKA
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University
| | - Totaro IMASAKA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
- Division of Optoelectronics and Photonics, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University
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25
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Hertz-Schünemann R, Dorfner R, Yeretzian C, Streibel T, Zimmermann R. On-line process monitoring of coffee roasting by resonant laser ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry: bridging the gap from industrial batch roasting to flavour formation inside an individual coffee bean. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:1253-1265. [PMID: 24338878 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS) enables the fast and sensitive on-line monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOC) formed during coffee roasting. On the one hand, REMPI-TOFMS was applied to monitor roasting gases of an industrial roaster (1500 kg/h capacity), with the aim of determining the roast degree in real-time from the transient chemical signature of VOCs. On the other hand, a previously developed μ-probe sampling device was used to analyse roasting gases from individual coffee beans. The aim was to explore fundamental processes at the individual bean level and link these to phenomena at the batch level. The pioneering single-bean experiments were conducted in two configurations: (1) VOCs formed inside a bean were sampled in situ, i.e. via a drilled μ-hole, from the interior, using a μ-probe (inside). (2) VOCs were sampled on-line in close vicinity of a single coffee bean's surface (outside). The focus was on VOCs originating from hydrolysis and pyrolytic degradation of chlorogenic acids, like feruloyl quinic acid and caffeoyl quinic acid. The single bean experiments revealed interesting phenomena. First, differences in time-intensity profiles between inside versus outside (time shift of maximum) were observed and tentatively linked to the permeability of the bean's cell walls material. Second, sharp bursts of some VOCs were observed, while others did exhibit smooth release curves. It is believed that these reflect a direct observation of bean popping during roasting. Finally, discrimination between Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora was demonstrated based on high-mass volatile markers, exclusively present in spectra of Coffea arabica.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hertz-Schünemann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
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26
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Reid SA, Nyambo S, Muzangwa L, Uhler B. π-Stacking, C–H/π, and Halogen Bonding Interactions in Bromobenzene and Mixed Bromobenzene–Benzene Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:13556-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jp407544c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University,
P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Silver Nyambo
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University,
P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Lloyd Muzangwa
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University,
P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Brandon Uhler
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University,
P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
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27
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Stader C, Beer FT, Achten C. Environmental PAH analysis by gas chromatography–atmospheric pressure laser ionization–time-of-flight–mass spectrometry (GC-APLI-MS). Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7041-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Wang J, Zhu R, Qin C, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zhang B. Vibrational spectra and trace determination of p-difluorobenzene and ethylbenzene. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 107:1-7. [PMID: 23416902 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the structures and normal vibrations of p-difluorobenzene and ethylbenzene in the first excited state have been studied using resonant two-photon ionization spectrum and ab initio quantum chemical calculations. A vibronic spectrum of p-difluorobenzene has been reinvestigated in some detail and three new vibrational modes, 260(1), 130(1) and 30(1), are assigned respectively. The band origin of ethylbenzene of the S1←S0 transition appeared at 37,586 cm(-1), and more vibrational modes are observed. These appropriate structures and vibrational frequencies of the S0 and S1 states of both molecules are calculated using Hartree-Fock and configuration interaction singles methods with 6-311++G(2d, 2p) basis set. All spectral bands of both molecules have been successfully assigned with the help of our computed results and analogy with the reported spectra for similar molecules. The strongest transition 50(1) of p-difluorobenzene is selected to measure a concentration detective limit of the setup system and the achieved concentration detective limit is 3.125 ppb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China
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29
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Rapid Detection of Trace Heavy Metals using Laser Breakdown Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2013.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Muzangwa L, Nyambo S, Uhler B, Reid SA. On π-stacking, C-H/π, and halogen bonding interactions in halobenzene clusters: Resonant two-photon ionization studies of chlorobenzene. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:184307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4765102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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31
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Adam TW, Clairotte M, Streibel T, Elsasser M, Pommeres A, Manfredi U, Carriero M, Martini G, Sklorz M, Krasenbrink A, Astorga C, Zimmermann R. Real-time analysis of aromatics in combustion engine exhaust by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOF-MS): a robust tool for chassis dynamometer testing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:273-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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MATSUI T, FUKAZAWA K, FUJIMOTO M, IMASAKA T. Analysis of Persistent Organic Pollutants at Sub-Femtogram Levels Using a High-Power Picosecond Laser for Multiphoton Ionization in Conjunction with Gas Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2012; 28:445-50. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.28.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki MATSUI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
| | | | | | - Totaro IMASAKA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
- Division of Translational Research, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University
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33
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Online monitoring of coffee roasting by proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS): towards a real-time process control for a consistent roast profile. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:2531-43. [PMID: 21947438 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A real-time automated process control tool for coffee roasting is presented to consistently and accurately achieve a targeted roast degree. It is based on the online monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the off-gas of a drum roaster by proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry at a high time (1 Hz) and mass resolution (5,500 m/Δm at full width at half-maximum) and high sensitivity (better than parts per billion by volume). Forty-two roasting experiments were performed with the drum roaster being operated either on a low, medium or high hot-air inlet temperature (= energy input) and the coffee (Arabica from Antigua, Guatemala) being roasted to low, medium or dark roast degrees. A principal component analysis (PCA) discriminated, for each one of the three hot-air inlet temperatures, the roast degree with a resolution of better than ±1 Colorette. The 3D space of the three first principal components was defined based on 23 mass spectral profiles of VOCs and their roast degree at the end point of roasting. This provided a very detailed picture of the evolution of the roasting process and allowed establishment of a predictive model that projects the online-monitored VOC profile of the roaster off-gas in real time onto the PCA space defined by the calibration process and, ultimately, to control the coffee roasting process so as to achieve a target roast degree and a consistent roasting.
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34
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Young CR, Menegazzo N, Riley AE, Brons CH, DiSanzo FP, Givens JL, Martin JL, Disko MM, Mizaikoff B. Infrared hollow waveguide sensors for simultaneous gas phase detection of benzene, toluene, and xylenes in field environments. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6141-7. [PMID: 21612210 DOI: 10.1021/ac1031034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous and molecularly selective parts-per-billion detection of benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) using a thermal desorption (TD)-FTIR hollow waveguide (HWG) trace gas sensor is demonstrated here for the first time combining laboratory calibration with real-world sample analysis in field. A calibration range of 100-1000 ppb analyte/N(2) was developed and applied for predicting the concentration of blinded environmental air samples within the same concentration range, and demonstrate close agreement with the validation method used here, GC-FID. The analyte concentration prediction capability of the TD-FTIR-HWG trace gas sensor also compares well with the industrial standard and other experimental techniques including GC-PID, ultrafast GC-FID, and GC-DMS, which were simultaneously operated in the field. With the advent of a quantum cascade laser with emission frequencies specifically tailored to efficiently overlap benzene absorption as the most relevant analyte, the overall sensor footprint could be considerably reduced to ultimately yield hand-held trace gas sensors facilitating direct and real-time detection of BTX in air down to low ppb levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R Young
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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35
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Gas chromatography/multiphoton ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry of polychlorinated biphenyls. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 694:108-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Adam TW, Chirico R, Clairotte M, Elsasser M, Manfredi U, Martini G, Sklorz M, Streibel T, Heringa MF, DeCarlo PF, Baltensperger U, De Santi G, Krasenbrink A, Zimmermann R, Prevot ASH, Astorga C. Application of Modern Online Instrumentation for Chemical Analysis of Gas and Particulate Phases of Exhaust at the European Commission Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emission Laboratory. Anal Chem 2010; 83:67-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101859u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. W. Adam
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - R. Chirico
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - M. Clairotte
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - M. Elsasser
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - U. Manfredi
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - G. Martini
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - M. Sklorz
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - T. Streibel
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - M. F. Heringa
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - P. F. DeCarlo
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - U. Baltensperger
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - G. De Santi
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - A. Krasenbrink
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - R. Zimmermann
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - A. S. H. Prevot
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - C. Astorga
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
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Zimmermann R, Mühlberger F, Ulrich A, Wieser J. Photoionisierungs-Massenspektrometrie mit neuer Lichtquelle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/nadc.200747960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Fujimori T, Takaoka M, Tsuruga S, Oshita K, Takeda N. Real-time gas-phase analysis of mono- to tri-chlorobenzenes generated from heated MSWI fly ashes containing various metal compounds: application of VUV-SPI-IT-TOFMS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:5528-5533. [PMID: 20550108 DOI: 10.1021/es1008888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We measured sensitive real-time change of low-chlorinated (Cl(1)-Cl(3)) benzenes in gas phase from heated model and real solid samples using the recently developed vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) single-photon ionization (SPI) ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VUV-SPI-IT-TOFMS). Model solid samples that contained activated carbon, potassium chloride, silicon dioxide, and trace metallic compounds (copper, iron, lead, and zinc) were used to simulate fly ash at a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI). The concentrations of chlorobenzenes determined by integrating the area for 30 min using VUV-SPI-IT-TOFMS were correlated with gas-phase concentrations analyzed by GC/MS. Real-time changes had characteristic patterns dependent on metal species and compounds. Comparing gas-phase real-time patterns of low-chlorinated benzenes between real and model fly ashes, copper chloride- and oxide-like compounds in real fly ash at the postcombustion zone in a MSWI may play key factors in the formation of low-chlorinated benzenes. Lead and zinc compounds and iron oxide in solid phase did not affect the formation of low-chlorinated benzenes in gas phase. VUV-SPI-IT-TOFMS can be applied to the time-dependent characterization of volatile low-chlorinated benzenes in gas phase in various artificial and environmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Fujimori
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Watanabe-Ezoe Y, Li X, Imasaka T, Uchimura T, Imasaka T. Gas Chromatography/Femtosecond Multiphoton Ionization/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry of Dioxins. Anal Chem 2010; 82:6519-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1009063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Watanabe-Ezoe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, Laboratory of Chemistry, Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan, and Division of Translational Research, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, Laboratory of Chemistry, Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan, and Division of Translational Research, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomoko Imasaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, Laboratory of Chemistry, Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan, and Division of Translational Research, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uchimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, Laboratory of Chemistry, Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan, and Division of Translational Research, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Totaro Imasaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, Laboratory of Chemistry, Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan, and Division of Translational Research, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Yamaguchi S, Uchimura T, Imasaka T, Imasaka T. Gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry of triacetone triperoxide based on femtosecond laser ionization. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:3101-3106. [PMID: 19705378 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Triacetone triperoxide (TATP), which is used as an explosive in acts of terrorism, was measured by means of gas chromatography/multiphoton ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry using a deep-ultraviolet (deep-UV) femtosecond laser as an ionization source. The fragmentation process was investigated by changing the intensity of the laser at the center axis of a molecular beam. A molecular ion was observed using a femtosecond laser, and the ratio of the intensities of the molecular and fragment ions decreased as the intensity of the laser increased. These results suggest that TATP can be efficiently ionized using a deep-UV, ultrashort optical pulse. Furthermore, fragmentation was accelerated by excess energy supplied through higher-order multiphoton processes under a strong radiation field. The detection limits obtained using the molecular ion and two dominant fragment ions, C(2)H(3)O(+) and CH(3) (+), were determined to be 670, 83 and 150 pg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Geissler R, Saraji-Bozorgzad MR, Gröger T, Fendt A, Streibel T, Sklorz M, Krooss BM, Fuhrer K, Gonin M, Kaisersberger E, Denner T, Zimmermann R. Single Photon Ionization Orthogonal Acceleration Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Evolved Gas Analysis in Thermogravimetry: Comparative Analysis of Crude Oils. Anal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900216y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Geissler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Abteilung für Analytische, Technische und Umweltchemie, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany, RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Lochnerstr. 4−20, Haus B, 52056 Aachen, Germany, Tofwerk AG, Uttigenstr. 22, 3600 Thun, Switzerland, Netzsch Gerätebau GmbH,
| | - Mohammad R. Saraji-Bozorgzad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Abteilung für Analytische, Technische und Umweltchemie, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany, RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Lochnerstr. 4−20, Haus B, 52056 Aachen, Germany, Tofwerk AG, Uttigenstr. 22, 3600 Thun, Switzerland, Netzsch Gerätebau GmbH,
| | - Thomas Gröger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Abteilung für Analytische, Technische und Umweltchemie, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany, RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Lochnerstr. 4−20, Haus B, 52056 Aachen, Germany, Tofwerk AG, Uttigenstr. 22, 3600 Thun, Switzerland, Netzsch Gerätebau GmbH,
| | - Alois Fendt
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Abteilung für Analytische, Technische und Umweltchemie, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany, RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Lochnerstr. 4−20, Haus B, 52056 Aachen, Germany, Tofwerk AG, Uttigenstr. 22, 3600 Thun, Switzerland, Netzsch Gerätebau GmbH,
| | - Thorsten Streibel
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Abteilung für Analytische, Technische und Umweltchemie, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany, RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Lochnerstr. 4−20, Haus B, 52056 Aachen, Germany, Tofwerk AG, Uttigenstr. 22, 3600 Thun, Switzerland, Netzsch Gerätebau GmbH,
| | - Martin Sklorz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Abteilung für Analytische, Technische und Umweltchemie, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany, RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Lochnerstr. 4−20, Haus B, 52056 Aachen, Germany, Tofwerk AG, Uttigenstr. 22, 3600 Thun, Switzerland, Netzsch Gerätebau GmbH,
| | - Bernhard M. Krooss
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Abteilung für Analytische, Technische und Umweltchemie, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany, RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Lochnerstr. 4−20, Haus B, 52056 Aachen, Germany, Tofwerk AG, Uttigenstr. 22, 3600 Thun, Switzerland, Netzsch Gerätebau GmbH,
| | - Katrin Fuhrer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Abteilung für Analytische, Technische und Umweltchemie, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany, RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Lochnerstr. 4−20, Haus B, 52056 Aachen, Germany, Tofwerk AG, Uttigenstr. 22, 3600 Thun, Switzerland, Netzsch Gerätebau GmbH,
| | - Marc Gonin
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Abteilung für Analytische, Technische und Umweltchemie, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany, RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Lochnerstr. 4−20, Haus B, 52056 Aachen, Germany, Tofwerk AG, Uttigenstr. 22, 3600 Thun, Switzerland, Netzsch Gerätebau GmbH,
| | - Erwin Kaisersberger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Abteilung für Analytische, Technische und Umweltchemie, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany, RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Lochnerstr. 4−20, Haus B, 52056 Aachen, Germany, Tofwerk AG, Uttigenstr. 22, 3600 Thun, Switzerland, Netzsch Gerätebau GmbH,
| | - Thomas Denner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Abteilung für Analytische, Technische und Umweltchemie, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany, RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Lochnerstr. 4−20, Haus B, 52056 Aachen, Germany, Tofwerk AG, Uttigenstr. 22, 3600 Thun, Switzerland, Netzsch Gerätebau GmbH,
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Abteilung für Analytische, Technische und Umweltchemie, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany, RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Lochnerstr. 4−20, Haus B, 52056 Aachen, Germany, Tofwerk AG, Uttigenstr. 22, 3600 Thun, Switzerland, Netzsch Gerätebau GmbH,
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43
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Yamaguchi S, Kira F, Miyoshi Y, Uchimura T, Watanabe-Ezoe Y, Zaitsu SI, Imasaka T, Imasaka T. Near-ultraviolet femtosecond laser ionization of dioxins in gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 632:229-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 10/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Imasaka T, Nakamura N, Sakoda Y, Yamaguchi S, Watanabe-Ezoe Y, Uchimura T, Imasaka T. Data processing technique in gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Analyst 2009; 134:712-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b815630a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Bente M, Sklorz M, Streibel T, Zimmermann R. Online Laser Desorption-Multiphoton Postionization Mass Spectrometry of Individual Aerosol Particles: Molecular Source Indicators for Particles Emitted from Different Traffic-Related and Wood Combustion Sources. Anal Chem 2008; 80:8991-9004. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801295f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bente
- Institut für Ökologische Chemie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie/Massenspektrometrie-Zentrum, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany, and BIfA-Bayrisches Institut für Angewandte Umweltforschung and Technik GmbH, Kompetenzbereich Prozesstechnik and Chemische Analytik, 86167 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martin Sklorz
- Institut für Ökologische Chemie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie/Massenspektrometrie-Zentrum, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany, and BIfA-Bayrisches Institut für Angewandte Umweltforschung and Technik GmbH, Kompetenzbereich Prozesstechnik and Chemische Analytik, 86167 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Streibel
- Institut für Ökologische Chemie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie/Massenspektrometrie-Zentrum, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany, and BIfA-Bayrisches Institut für Angewandte Umweltforschung and Technik GmbH, Kompetenzbereich Prozesstechnik and Chemische Analytik, 86167 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Institut für Ökologische Chemie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie/Massenspektrometrie-Zentrum, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany, and BIfA-Bayrisches Institut für Angewandte Umweltforschung and Technik GmbH, Kompetenzbereich Prozesstechnik and Chemische Analytik, 86167 Augsburg, Germany
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Itoh T, Uchimura T, Uchida T, Kawano M, Imasaka T. GC–MPI–MS of Pentachlorodibenzofurans in Flue Gas Using a UV Picosecond Laser. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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47
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Saraji-Bozorgzad M, Geissler R, Streibel T, Mühlberger F, Sklorz M, Kaisersberger E, Denner T, Zimmermann R. Thermogravimetry Coupled to Single Photon Ionization Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry: A Tool To Investigate the Chemical Signature of Thermal Decomposition of Polymeric Materials. Anal Chem 2008; 80:3393-403. [DOI: 10.1021/ac702599y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Saraji-Bozorgzad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institut für Ökologische Chemie, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Netzsch-Gerätebau GmbH, D-95100 Selb, Germany, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany, and BIfA GmbH, D-86167 Augsburg, Germany
| | - R. Geissler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institut für Ökologische Chemie, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Netzsch-Gerätebau GmbH, D-95100 Selb, Germany, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany, and BIfA GmbH, D-86167 Augsburg, Germany
| | - T. Streibel
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institut für Ökologische Chemie, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Netzsch-Gerätebau GmbH, D-95100 Selb, Germany, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany, and BIfA GmbH, D-86167 Augsburg, Germany
| | - F. Mühlberger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institut für Ökologische Chemie, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Netzsch-Gerätebau GmbH, D-95100 Selb, Germany, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany, and BIfA GmbH, D-86167 Augsburg, Germany
| | - M. Sklorz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institut für Ökologische Chemie, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Netzsch-Gerätebau GmbH, D-95100 Selb, Germany, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany, and BIfA GmbH, D-86167 Augsburg, Germany
| | - E. Kaisersberger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institut für Ökologische Chemie, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Netzsch-Gerätebau GmbH, D-95100 Selb, Germany, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany, and BIfA GmbH, D-86167 Augsburg, Germany
| | - T. Denner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institut für Ökologische Chemie, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Netzsch-Gerätebau GmbH, D-95100 Selb, Germany, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany, and BIfA GmbH, D-86167 Augsburg, Germany
| | - R. Zimmermann
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institut für Ökologische Chemie, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Netzsch-Gerätebau GmbH, D-95100 Selb, Germany, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany, and BIfA GmbH, D-86167 Augsburg, Germany
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Zimmermann R, Welthagen W, Gröger T. Photo-ionisation mass spectrometry as detection method for gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1184:296-308. [PMID: 17915237 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Revised: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) with soft ionisation techniques (i.e. ionisation without fragmentation of the analyte molecules) for gaseous samples exhibits interesting analytical properties for direct analysis applications (i.e. direct inlet mass spectrometric on-line monitoring) as well as mass spectrometric detection method for gas chromatography (GC-MS). Commonly either chemical ionisation (CI) or field ionisation (FI) is applied as soft ionisation technology for GC-MS. An interesting alternative to the CI and FI technologies methods are photo-ionisation (PI) methods. PI overcomes some of the limitations of CI and FI and furthermore add some unique analytical properties. The resonance enhanced multi-photon ionisation (REMPI) method uses intense UV-laser pulses (wavelength range approximately 350-193 nm) for highly selective, sensitive and soft ionisation of predominately aromatic compounds. The single photon ionisation (SPI) method utilises VUV light (from lamps or laser sources, wavelengths range approximately 150-110 nm) can be used for a universal soft ionisation of organic molecules. In this article the historical development as well as the current status and concepts of gas chromatography hyphenated to photo-ionisation mass spectrometry are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Zimmermann
- Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany.
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Mühlberger F, Saraji-Bozorgzad M, Gonin M, Fuhrer K, Zimmermann R. Compact Ultrafast Orthogonal Acceleration Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer for On-Line Gas Analysis by Electron Impact Ionization and Soft Single Photon Ionization Using an Electron Beam Pumped Rare Gas Excimer Lamp as VUV-Light Source. Anal Chem 2007; 79:8118-24. [PMID: 17900147 DOI: 10.1021/ac071217f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometers (oaTOFMS), which are exhibiting a pulsed orthogonal extraction of ion bunches into the TOF mass analyzer from a continuous primary ion beam, are well-suited for continuous ionization methods such as electron impact ionization (EI). Recently an electron beam pumped rare gas excimer lamp (EBEL) was introduced, which emits intensive vacuum UV (VUV) radiation at, e.g., 126 nm (argon excimer) and is well suited as the light source for soft single photon ionization (SPI) of organic molecules. In this paper, a new compact oaTOFMS system which allows switching between SPI, using VUV-light from an EBEL-light source, and conventional EI is described. With the oaTOFMS system, EBEL-SPI and EI mass spectral transients can be recorded at very high repetition rates (up to 100 kHz), enabling high duty cycles and therefore good detection efficiencies. By using a transient recorder card with the capability to perform on-board accumulation of the oaTOF transients, final mass spectra with a dynamic range of 106 can be saved to the hard disk at a rate of 10 Hz. As it is possible to change the ionization modes (EI and SPI) rapidly, a comprehensive monitoring of complex gases with highly dynamic compositions, such as cigarette smoke, is possible. In this context, the EI based mass spectra address the bulk composition (compounds such as water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc. in the up to percentage concentration range) as well as some inorganic trace gases such as argon, sulfur dioxide, etc. down to the low ppm level. The EBEL-SPI mass spectra on the other hand are revealing the organic composition down to the lower ppb concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mühlberger
- GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Welthagen W, Mitschke S, Mühlberger F, Zimmermann R. One-dimensional and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to soft photo ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: A two- and three-dimensional separation approach. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1150:54-61. [PMID: 17418851 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Soft laser photo-ionization mass spectrometry is presented as a separation dimension hyphenated with gas chromatographic techniques. Single photon ionization (SPI) is a universal soft ionization method which ionizes organic molecules with an ionization potential below 10.5 eV if 118 nm laser radiation is used. The inherently soft ionization of photo ionization techniques can further be utilized together with gas chromatography as a comprehensive two-dimensional separation method (GC x MS), using the GC retention time as first separation dimension and the molecular mass as second separation dimension. Some GC x MS chromatograms of diesel petroleum samples using SPI are presented and discussed. Finally, it is demonstrated that the coupling of soft SPI mass spectrometry with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) provides a three-dimensional separation technique (GC x GC x SPI-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- W Welthagen
- Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany
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