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Yang K, Shi S, Wu J, Han S, Tai S, Zhang S, Zhang K. A dynamic Eu(III)-macrocycle served as the turn-on fluorescent probe for distinguishing H 2O from D 2O. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1286:342048. [PMID: 38049238 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
H2O and D2O are an important pair of analogues, and their high-efficient detections are closely related to fields of chemical industry, food processing, semiconductor, environmental monitoring, etc. Because of their extremely similar physical and chemical properties, H2O and D2O can be mutually soluble in any ratios, and it is generally thought that the discrimination of H2O and D2O is an enormous challenge. Herein, upon the fact that vibrational frequency of O-H is greater than O-D, we design a dynamic Eu(III)-macrocycle Eu-2a with two emitters which exhibits the imine bond breakage of macrocycle emitter H2L2a in H2O or D2O, resulting in the turn-on fluorescence of Eu(III) emitter. For their differential fluorescence sensing signals of Eu-2a on three emission bands (433, 500 and 615 nm), the statistical analysis method is employed to produce fully separated fingerprints and thus high-throughput discrimination of 13 common solvents, especially the H2O and D2O. Fluorescent titration experiments by instrumental or smartphone-based analysis method also prove the successful determination of proportional H2O/D2O mixtures together with the good sensitivity and wide linear response range. Moreover, this H2O-triggered fluorescent complex Eu-2a used as the fluorescence ink also shows its potential in information encryption application. This article must be a valuable reference for the areas of lanthanide-based luminescent material, multianalyte detection and information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Shuaibo Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Jinyu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Shaolong Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Shengdi Tai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Shishen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.
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2
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Chen W, Jiang Y, Zhao M, An Y, Zhang Y, Yang L, Miao Q. 1O 2-Relevant Afterglow Luminescence of Chlorin Nanoparticles for Discriminative Detection and Isotopic Analysis of H 2O and D 2O. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5340-5345. [PMID: 36920345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Discriminative detection between D2O and H2O is important for diverse fields but challenging due to their high similarity in chemical and physical properties. Current molecular sensors for D2O detection generally rely on the spectral change of fluorophores with suitable pKa in response to D2O and H2O with slightly different pH acidity. Herein, we report a new and facile D2O sensor by using singlet oxygen (1O2)-relevant afterglow luminescence of chlorin e4 nanoparticles (Ce4-NPs) to achieve distinguishable detection between D2O and H2O. As 1O2 is a key initiator involved in the afterglow luminescence process, it displays a 22-fold longer lifetime in D2O relative to H2O and thereafter generates more dioxetane intermediates after laser irradiation to lead to ultimate afterglow brightness of Ce4-NPs in D2O. In addition, Ce4-NPs are capable of quantitatively detecting the amount of H2O in D2O with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.45%. Together, this study broadens the utility of afterglow materials and presents a facile strategy for isotopic purity analysis of heavy water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi An
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qingqing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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3
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Meng Y, Guo Q, Xu H, Jiao Y, Liu Y, Shuang S, Dong C. Strategy to synthesize long-wavelength emission carbon dots and their multifunctional application for pH variation and arginine sensing and bioimaging. Talanta 2023; 254:124180. [PMID: 36535213 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we designed N and S co-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) with long-wavelength emission and their multifunctional application in pH variation, arginine (Arg) sensing, bioimaging in living cells and zebrafish, and fluorescent materials. The N,S-CDs with excitation wavelength-dependent properties were prepared using neutral red (NR) and dl-methionine (DL-Met) as raw materials by one-pot hydrothermal strategy. The N,S-CDs exhibited a unique pH-sensitive luminescence trait within pH range of 3.2-11.0 and have great linear relationship of 4.8-8.0, which indicating their potential application as an imaging reagent in physiological environments. Arg can quench the PL of N,S-CDs due to static quenching. (SQ). The linear range is 2.5-62.5 μM and the LOD is calculated as 0.68 μM. Furthermore, the as-proposed N,S-CDs can be applied as imaging reagents for monitoring of pH and Arg in vivo and vitro owing to outstanding biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. Interestingly, the N,S-CDs were also used in fluorescent composite films and phosphors owing to exceptional optical properties. All these results indicate that the N,S-CDs have huge potentiality in the areas of fluorescence sensing, bioimaging and fluorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Meng
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Qiaozhi Guo
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yuan Jiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, 030600, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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4
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Wei S, Shi X, Wang C, Zhang H, Jiang C, Sun G, Jiang C. Facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as sensitive fluorescence probes for selective recognition of cinnamaldehyde and l-Arginine/l-Lysine in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 287:122039. [PMID: 36410179 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The disorder of amino acid metabolism and the abuse of small molecule drugs pose serious threats to public health. However, due to the limitations of existing detection technologies in sensing cinnamaldehyde (CAL) and l-Arginine/l-Lysine (l-Arg/l-Lys), there is an urgent need to develop new sensing strategies to meet the severe challenges currently facing. Herein, nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were developed using a simple one-pot hydrothermal carbonization method. These N-CDs exhibited numerous distinctive characteristics such as excellent photoluminescence, high water dispersibility, favorable biocompatibility, and superior chemical inertness. Strikingly, the as-prepared CDs as a highly efficient fluorescent probe possessed significant sensitivity and selectivity toward CAL and l-Arg/l-Lys over other analytes with a low detection limit of 58 nM and 16 nM/18 nM, respectively. The fluorescence of N-CDs could be quenched by CAL through an electron transfer process. Then, the strong electrostatic interaction between l-Arg/l-Lys and N-CDs induced the efficient fluorescence recovery. More importantly, the outstanding biosafety and excellent analyte-responsive fluorescence characteristics of N-CDs have also been verified in living cells as well as in serum and urine. Overall, the N-CDs had a wide application prospect in the diagnosis of amino acid metabolic diseases and small molecule drug sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wei
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun 130012, PR China; Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Shi
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Chenzhao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun 130012, PR China; Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Chunzhu Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Guoying Sun
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun 130012, PR China; Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Chunhuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China.
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5
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Ji RX, Shen JS. Modulating Dual Fluorescence Emissions in Imine-Based Probes to Distinguish D 2O and H 2O. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1229-1236. [PMID: 36696361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
How to distinguish D2O and H2O and determine the trace H2O content in D2O solvent, by using molecule-based spectral probes, is an intriguing topic in analytical chemistry, yet considerably few examples remain up to now, likely due to the very similar physical/chemical properties between D2O and H2O. In this work, we found that both the hydrolysis reactions to release fluorescent amines and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of imines, functioning as dual fluorescence signals to distinguish D2O and H2O, could be modulated by changing the imine structures. The hydrophobicity of imines showed an important contribution to the ability of modulating the hydrolysis reactions and AIE, demonstrating a significant difference on fluorescence signals in D2O and H2O solvents. Among all tested imines, probe 3, condensed from 2-naphthylamine and salicylaldehyde, was found to have the potential ability to act as an ideal candidate for probing the H2O content in D2O solvent, particularly in a low H2O content range, using the ratiomeric emission signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xue Ji
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Jiang-Shan Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
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6
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Losacco GL, Cohen RD, DaSilva JO, Haidar Ahmad IA, Sherer EC, Mangion I, Regalado EL. Deuterated Modifiers in Sub/Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for Streamlined NMR Structure Elucidation. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12176-12184. [PMID: 36001377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isolation and chemical characterization of target components in fast-paced pharmaceutical laboratories can often be challenging, especially when dealing with mixtures of closely related, possibly unstable species. Traditionally, this process involves intense labor and manual intervention including chromatographic method development and optimization, fraction collection, and drying processes prior to NMR analyses for unambiguous structure elucidation. To circumvent these challenges, a foundational framework for the proper utilization of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and deuterated modifiers (CD3OD) in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is herein introduced. This facilitates a streamlined multicomponent isolation with minimized protic residues, further enabling immediate NMR analysis. In addition to bypassing tedious drying processes and minimizing analyte degradation, this approach (complementary to traditional reversed-phase liquid chromatography, RPLC) delivers highly efficient separations and automated fraction collection using readily available analytical/midscale SFC instrumentation. A series of diverse analytes across a wide spectrum of chemical properties (acid, basic, and neutral), combined with different stationary-phase columns in SFC are investigated using both a protic organic modifier (CH3OH) and its deuterated counterpart (CD3OD). The power of this framework is demonstrated with pharmaceutically relevant applications in the context of target characterization and analysis of complex multicomponent reaction mixtures from modern synthetic chemistry, demonstrating high isolation yields while reducing both the environmental footprint and manual intervention. This workflow enables unambiguous fast-paced structure elucidation on the analytical scale, providing results that are comparable to traditional, but time-consuming, RPLC purification approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioacchino Luca Losacco
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ryan D Cohen
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jimmy O DaSilva
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Imad A Haidar Ahmad
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Edward C Sherer
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ian Mangion
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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7
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Liu J, Ma X, Song Q, Zang J, Hao J, Liu W, Jiang J. Ratiometric fluorescent and colorimetric dual-modal sensing strategy for discrimination and detection of D 2O from H 2O. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9262-9265. [PMID: 35903977 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03530h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A ratiometric fluorescent and colorimetric dual-modal sensing strategy is reported to distinguish and detect D2O from H2O based on ground-state proton transfer for the first time. It enables synchronous dual-modal changes towards different fractions of D2O and facilitates naked-eye recognition. The probe can provide a more accurate monitoring protocol for D2O analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingda Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Xinyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730099, China
| | - Qi Song
- Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Junying Zang
- Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Weisheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730099, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
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8
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Han Z, Wang J, Du P, Chen J, Huo S, Guo H, Lu X. Highly Facile Strategy for Detecting D 2O in H 2O by Porphyrin-Based Luminescent Probes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8426-8432. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengang Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Juxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Peiyao Du
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Shuhui Huo
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Huixia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
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9
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Qi H, Li Q, Jing J, Jing T, Liu C, Qiu L, Sami R, Helal M, Ismail KA, Aljahani AH. Construction of N-CDs and Calcein-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor for Rapid Detection of Arginine and Acetaminophen. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:976. [PMID: 35335790 PMCID: PMC8953410 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In our study, a unique ratiometric fluorescent sensor for the rapid detection of arginine (Arg) and acetaminophen (AP) was constructed by the integration of blue fluorescent N-CDs and yellowish-green fluorescent calcein. The N-CD/calcein ratiometric fluorescent sensor exhibited dual emission at 435 and 519 nm under the same excitation wavelength of 370 nm, and caused potential Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from N-CDs to calcein. When detecting Arg, the blue fluorescence from the N-CDs of the N-CD/calcein sensor was quenched by the interaction of N-CDs and Arg. Then, the fluorescence of our sensor was recovered with the addition of AP, possibly due to the stronger association between AP and Arg, leading to the dissociation of Arg from N-CDs. Meanwhile, we observed an obvious fluorescence change from blue to green, then back to blue, when Arg and AP were added, exhibiting the "on-off-on" pattern. Next, we determined the detection limits of the N-CD/calcein sensor to Arg and AP, which were as low as 0.08 μM and 0.02 μM, respectively. Furthermore, we discovered that the fluorescence changes of the N-CD/calcein sensor were only responsible for Arg and AP. These results suggested its high sensitivity and specificity for Arg and AP detection. In addition, we have successfully achieved its application in bovine serum samples, indicating its practicality. Lastly, the logic gate was generated by the N-CD/calcein sensor and presented its good reversibility. Overall, we have demonstrated that our N-CD/calcein sensor is a powerful sensor to detect Arg and AP and that it has potential applications in biological analysis and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (T.J.); (C.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Qiuying Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (T.J.); (C.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Jing Jing
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92, West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Tao Jing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (T.J.); (C.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Chuntong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (T.J.); (C.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Lixin Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (T.J.); (C.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Rokayya Sami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Helal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khadiga Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amani H. Aljahani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
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10
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Lang Y, Wu S, Yang Q, Luo Y, Jiang X, Wu P. Analysis of the Isotopic Purity of D 2O with the Characteristic NIR-II Phosphorescence of Singlet Oxygen from a Photostable Polythiophene Photosensitizer. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9737-9743. [PMID: 34235917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
D2O plays important roles in a variety of fields (such as the nuclear industry and bioorganic analysis), and thus its isotopic purity (H2O contents) is highly concerned. Due to its highly similar physical properties to H2O and large excess amounts of H2O over D2O, it is challenging to distinguish D2O from H2O. On the basis of the characteristic NIR-II phosphorescence of singlet oxygen (1O2), and the fact that H2O is a more efficient quencher for 1O2 than D2O, here, we proposed to simply use the 1275 nm emission of 1O2 for the analysis of the isotopic purity of D2O. In normal cases (a xenon lamp for excitation), such steady-state emission is extremely weak for valid analytical applications, we thus employed laser excitation for intensification. To this goal, a series of photosensitizers were screened, and eventually polythiophene PT10 was selected with high singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ = 0.51), high H2O/D2O contrast, and excellent photostability. Upon excitation with a 445 nm laser, a limit of detection (LOD, 3σ) of 0.1% for H2O in D2O was achieved. The accuracy of the proposed method was verified by the analysis of the isotopic purity of several D2O samples (with randomly added H2O). More interestingly, the hygroscopicity of D2O was sensitively monitored with the proposed probe in a real-time manner; the results of which are important for strengthening the care of D2O storage and the importance of humidity control during related investigations. Besides D2O isotopic purity evaluation, this work also indicated the potential usefulness of the NIR-II emission of singlet oxygen in future analytical detection.
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11
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Zhang S, Li Z, Zhang B, Dong F, Han B, Lv J, Sun Y, Lu H, Yang Y, Ma H. A water-soluble fluorescent sensor for the quick discrimination of H 2O and D 2O by notable signal outputs and the real-time monitoring of food spoilage in a non-contact mode. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03657b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the very similar chemical and physical properties, D2O and H2O cannot be discriminated easily by convenient and cost-effective ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Fenghao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Bingyang Han
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jiawei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Huiming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Hengchang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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12
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Zhang Z, Fan Z. Application of magnesium ion doped carbon dots obtained via hydrothermal synthesis for arginine detection. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06409e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a new-type of nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) have been extensively applied in biochemistry-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- P. R. China
| | - Zhefeng Fan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- P. R. China
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13
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Dong B, Lu Y, Song W, Kong X, Sun Y, Lin W. A dual-site controlled fluorescent sensor for the facile and fast detection of H2O in D2O by two turn-on emission signals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1191-1194. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09268d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A dual-site controlled fluorescent sensor based on FRET mechanism was constructed for the facile and fast detection of H2O content in D2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Dong
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Yaru Lu
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Wenhui Song
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Xiuqi Kong
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Yaru Sun
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
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14
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Mohammadi A, Khoshsoroor S, Khalili B. Rapid, sensitive and selective detection of arginine using a simple azo-based colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensor. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Chen Y, Mehta HS, Butler MC, Walter ED, Reardon PN, Renslow RS, Mueller KT, Washton NM. High-resolution microstrip NMR detectors for subnanoliter samples. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:28163-28174. [PMID: 29022609 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03933f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We present the numerical optimization and experimental characterization of two microstrip-based nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detectors. The first detector, introduced in our previous work, was a flat wire detector with a strip resting on a substrate, and the second detector was created by adding a ground plane on top of the strip conductor, separated by a sample-carrying capillary and a thin layer of insulator. The dimensional parameters of the detectors were optimized using numerical simulations with regards to radio frequency (RF) sensitivity and homogeneity, with particular attention given to the effect of the ground plane. The influence of copper surface finish and substrate surface on the spectral resolution was investigated, and a resolution of 0.8-1.5 Hz was obtained on 1 nL deionized water depending on sample positioning. For 0.13 nmol sucrose (0.2 M in 0.63 nL H2O) encapsulated between two Fluorinert plugs, high RF homogeneity (A810°/A90° = 70-80%) and high sensitivity (expressed in the limit of detection nLODm = 0.73-1.21 nmol s1/2) were achieved, allowing for high-performance 2D NMR spectroscopy of subnanoliter samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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16
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Fang Y, Yushmanov PV, Furó I. Assessing 2D electrophoretic mobility spectroscopy (2D MOSY) for analytical applications. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:584-588. [PMID: 27930812 PMCID: PMC5434926 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrophoretic displacement of charged entity phase modulates the spectrum acquired in electrophoretic NMR experiments, and this modulation can be presented via 2D FT as 2D mobility spectroscopy (MOSY) spectra. We compare in various mixed solutions the chemical selectivity provided by 2D MOSY spectra with that provided by 2D diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) spectra and demonstrate, under the conditions explored, a superior performance of the former method. 2D MOSY compares also favourably with closely related LC-NMR methods. The shape of 2D MOSY spectra in complex mixtures is strongly modulated by the pH of the sample, a feature that has potential for areas such as in drug discovery and metabolomics. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 30SE‐10044StockholmSweden
| | | | - István Furó
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 30SE‐10044StockholmSweden
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17
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Liu H, Li M, Jiang L, Shen F, Hu Y, Ren X. Sensitive arginine sensing based on inner filter effect of Au nanoparticles on the fluorescence of CdTe quantum dots. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 173:105-113. [PMID: 27599195 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arginine plays an important role in many biological functions, whose detection is very significant. Herein, a sensitive, simple and cost-effective fluorescent method for the detection of arginine has been developed based on the inner filter effect (IFE) of citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the fluorescence of thioglycolic acid-capped CdTe quantum dots (QDs). When citrate-stabilized AuNPs were mixed with thioglycolic acid-capped CdTe QDs, the fluorescence of CdTe QDs was significantly quenched by AuNPs via the IFE. With the presence of arginine, arginine could induce the aggregation and corresponding absorption spectra change of AuNPs, which then IFE-decreased fluorescence could gradually recover with increasing amounts of arginine, achieving fluorescence "turn on" sensing for arginine. The detection mechanism is clearly illustrated and various experimental conditions were also optimized. Under the optimum conditions, a decent linear relationship was obtained in the range from 16 to 121μgL-1 and the limit of detection was 5.6μgL-1. And satisfactory results were achieved in arginine analysis using arginine injection, compound amino acid injection, even blood plasma as samples. Therefore, the present assay showed various merits, such as simplicity, low cost, high sensitivity and selectivity, making it promising for sensing arginine in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linye Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, the Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
| | - Xueqin Ren
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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18
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A flow microslot NMR probe coupled with a capillary isotachophoresis system exhibits improved properties compared to solenoid designs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2471-2475. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Avilés-Moreno JR, Berden G, Oomens J, Martínez-Haya B. Isolated complexes of the amino acid arginine with polyether and polyamine macrocycles, the role of proton transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:31345-31351. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04270a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protonated arginine interacts with 12-crown-4 through the guanidinium side group. In the complex with the N-substituted analog cyclen, the dominant conformation is the result of the proton transfer from the carboxylic acid group of the amino acid to the macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ramón Avilés-Moreno
- Department of Physical
- Chemical and Natural Systems
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide
- E-41013 Seville
- Spain
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- FELIX Laboratory
- 6525ED Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- FELIX Laboratory
- 6525ED Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Martínez-Haya
- Department of Physical
- Chemical and Natural Systems
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide
- E-41013 Seville
- Spain
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20
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Liu T, Li N, Dong JX, Zhang Y, Fan YZ, Lin SM, Luo HQ, Li NB. A colorimetric and fluorometric dual-signal sensor for arginine detection by inhibiting the growth of gold nanoparticles/carbon quantum dots composite. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 87:772-778. [PMID: 27649334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A bidimensional optical sensing platform which combines the advantages of fluorescence and colorimetry has been designed for arginine (Arg) detection. The system was established by monitoring the influence of Arg on the growth of gold nanoparticles/carbon quantum dots (Au/CQDs) composite, and the CQDs synthesized by ethylene glycol were used as the reducing and stabilizing agent in this paper. Considering that Arg is the only amino acid with guanidine group and has the highest isoelectric point (pI) value at 10.76, Arg would carry positive charges at pH 7.4. Consequently, the positively charged guanidine group of Arg could attract AuCl4- and CQDs through electrostatic interaction, which inhibited the growth of Au/CQDs composite. Thereby, the color of the system almost did not change and the fluorescence quenching of CQDs was prevented in the presence of Arg. Based on the color change a low detection limit for Arg was 37nM, and a detection limit of 450nM was obtained by fluorescence spectroscopy. Moreover, this dual-signal sensor also revealed excellent selectivity toward Arg over other amino acids. Besides, Arg can be detected in urine samples with satisfactory results, which demonstrate the potential applications for real analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jiang Xue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, PR China
| | - Yu Zhu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shu Min Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Hong Qun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Nian Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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21
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Singh S, Handa T, Narayanam M, Sahu A, Junwal M, Shah RP. A critical review on the use of modern sophisticated hyphenated tools in the characterization of impurities and degradation products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 69:148-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Ren HB, Yan XP. Ultrasonic assisted synthesis of adenosine triphosphate capped manganese-doped ZnS quantum dots for selective room temperature phosphorescence detection of arginine and methylated arginine in urine based on supramolecular Mg(2+)-adenosine triphosphate-arginine ternary system. Talanta 2012; 97:16-22. [PMID: 22841042 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasonic assisted approach was developed for rapid synthesis of highly water soluble phosphorescent adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-capped Mn-doped ZnS QDs. The prepared ATP-capped Mn-doped ZnS QDs allow selective phosphorescent detection of arginine and methylated arginine based on the specific recognition nature of supramolecular Mg(2+)-ATP-arginine ternary system in combination with the phosphorescence property of Mn-doped ZnS QDs. The developed QD based probe gives excellent selectivity and reproducibility (1.7% relative standard deviation for 11 replicate detections of 10 μM arginine) and low detection limit (3 s, 0.23 μM), and favors biological applications due to the effective elimination of interference from scattering light and autofluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Bo Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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23
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24
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Dalitz F, Cudaj M, Maiwald M, Guthausen G. Process and reaction monitoring by low-field NMR spectroscopy. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 60:52-70. [PMID: 22293399 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Dalitz
- Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, SRG10-2, KIT, Adenauerring 20 b, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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25
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From single to multiple microcoil flow probe NMR and related capillary techniques: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:647-69. [PMID: 21969176 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most important and powerful instrumental analytical techniques for structural elucidation of unknown small and large (complex) isolated and synthesized compounds in organic and inorganic chemistry. X-ray crystallography, neutron scattering (neutron diffraction), and NMR spectroscopy are the only suitable methods for three-dimensional structure determination at atomic resolution. Moreover, these methods are complementary. However, by means of NMR spectroscopy, reaction dynamics and interaction processes can also be investigated. Unfortunately, this technique is very insensitive in comparison with other spectrometric (e.g., mass spectrometry) and spectroscopic (e.g., infrared spectroscopy) methods. Mainly through the development of stronger magnets and more sensitive solenoidal microcoil flow probes, this drawback has been successfully counteracted. Capillary NMR spectroscopy increases the mass-based sensitivity of the NMR spectroscopic analysis up to 100-fold compared with conventional 5-mm NMR probes, and thus can be coupled online and off-line with other microseparation and detection techniques. It offers not only higher sensitivity, but in many cases provides better quality spectra than traditional methods. Owing to the immense number of compounds (e.g., of natural product extracts and compound libraries) to be examined, single microcoil flow probe NMR spectroscopy will soon be far from being sufficiently effective as a screening method. For this reason, an inevitable trend towards coupled microseparation-multiple microcoil flow probe NMR techniques, which allow simultaneous online and off-line detection of several compounds, will occur. In this review we describe the current status and possible future developments of single and multiple microcoil capillary flow probe NMR spectroscopy and its application as a high-throughput tool for the analysis of a large number of mass-limited samples. The advantages and drawbacks of different coupled microseparation-capillary NMR spectroscopy techniques, such as capillary high-performance liquid chromatography-NMR spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis-NMR spectroscopy, and capillary gas chromatography-NMR spectroscopy, are discussed and demonstrated by specific applications. Another subject of discussion is the progress in parallel NMR detection techniques. Furthermore, the applicability and mixing capability of tiny reactor systems, termed "microreactors" or "micromixers," implemented in NMR probes is demonstrated by carbamate- and imine-forming reactions.
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26
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Jones CJ, Larive CK. Could smaller really be better? Current and future trends in high-resolution microcoil NMR spectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:61-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Diekmann J, Adams KL, Klunder GL, Evans L, Steele P, Vogt C, Herberg JL. Portable Microcoil NMR Detection Coupled to Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1328-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102389b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Diekmann
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Leibniz University Hanover, Callinstrasse 1, 30167 Hanover, Germany
| | - Kristl L. Adams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Gregory L. Klunder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Lee Evans
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Paul Steele
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Carla Vogt
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Leibniz University Hanover, Callinstrasse 1, 30167 Hanover, Germany
| | - Julie L. Herberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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28
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Fratila RM, Velders AH. Small-volume nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2011; 4:227-249. [PMID: 21391818 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061010-114024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most information-rich analytical techniques available. However, it is also inherently insensitive, and this drawback precludes the application of NMR spectroscopy to mass- and volume-limited samples. We review a particular approach to increase the sensitivity of NMR experiments, namely the use of miniaturized coils. When the size of the coil is reduced, the sample volume can be brought down to the nanoliter range. We compare the main coil geometries (solenoidal, planar, and microslot/stripline) and discuss their applications to the analysis of mass-limited samples. We also provide an overview of the hyphenation of microcoil NMR spectroscopy to separation techniques and of the integration with lab-on-a-chip devices and microreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca M Fratila
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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29
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Jones CJ, Beni S, Limtiaco JFK, Langeslay DJ, Larive CK. Heparin characterization: challenges and solutions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2011; 4:439-465. [PMID: 21469955 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061010-113911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Although heparin is an important and widely prescribed pharmaceutical anticoagulant, its high degree of sequence microheterogeneity and size polydispersity make molecular-level characterization challenging. Unlike nucleic acids and proteins that are biosynthesized through template-driven assembly processes, heparin and the related glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate are actively remodeled during biosynthesis through a series of enzymatic reactions that lead to variable levels of O- and N-sulfonation and uronic acid epimers. As summarized in this review, heparin sequence information is determined through a bottom-up approach that relies on depolymerization reactions, size- and charge-based separations, and sensitive mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments to determine the structural identity of component oligosaccharides. The structure-elucidation process, along with its challenges and opportunities for future analytical improvements, is reviewed and illustrated for a heparin-derived hexasaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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30
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Demas V, Bernhardt A, Malba V, Adams KL, Evans L, Harvey C, Maxwell RS, Herberg JL. Electronic characterization of lithographically patterned microcoils for high sensitivity NMR detection. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2009; 200:56-63. [PMID: 19581116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers a non-destructive, powerful, structure-specific analytical method for the identification of chemical and biological systems. The use of radio frequency (RF) microcoils has been shown to increase the sensitivity in mass-limited samples. Recent advances in micro-receiver technology have further demonstrated a substantial increase in mass sensitivity [D.L. Olson, T.L. Peck, A.G. Webb, R.L. Magin, J.V. Sweedler, High-resolution microcoil H-1-NMR for mass-limited, nanoliter-volume samples, Science 270 (5244) (1995) 1967-1970]. Lithographic methods for producing solenoid microcoils possess a level of flexibility and reproducibility that exceeds previous production methods, such as hand winding microcoils. This paper presents electrical characterizations of RF microcoils produced by a unique laser lithography system that can pattern three dimensional surfaces and compares calculated and experimental results to those for wire wound RF microcoils. We show that existing optimization conditions for RF coil design still hold true for RF microcoils produced by lithography. Current lithographic microcoils show somewhat inferior performance to wire wound RF microcoils due to limitations in the existing electroplating technique. In principle, however, when the pitch of the RF microcoil is less than 100mum lithographic coils should show comparable performance to wire wound coils. In the cases of larger pitch, wire cross sections can be significantly larger and resistances lower than microfabricated conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Demas
- Science and Technology Principle Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
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31
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32
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Hong R, Cima MJ, Weissleder R, Josephson L. Magnetic microparticle aggregation for viscosity determination by MR. Magn Reson Med 2008; 59:515-20. [PMID: 18306403 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Micron-sized magnetic particles were induced to aggregate when placed in homogeneous magnetic fields, like those of MR imagers and relaxometers, and then spontaneously returned to their dispersed state when removed from the field. Associated with the aggregation and dispersion of the magnetic particles were time-dependent increases and decreases in the spin-spin relaxation time (T2) of the water. Magnetic nanoparticles, with far smaller magnetic moments per particle, did not undergo magnetically induced aggregation and exhibited time-independent values of T2. The rate of T2 change associated with magnetic microparticle aggregation was used to determine the viscosity of liquid samples, providing a method that can be of particular advantage for determining the viscosity of small volumes of potentially biohazardous samples of blood or blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hong
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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33
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Dai C, Wu XZ. A Simple Transmitted Interference Method for Nanovolume Detection. CHEM LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2007.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Baxan N, Rengle A, Châteaux JF, Briguet A, Pasquet G, Morin P, Fakri-Bouchet L. NMR planar micro coils for micro spectroscopy: design and characterisation. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2006:4314-7. [PMID: 17945835 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2006.260134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to determine the concentration sensitivity and the limit of detection of a SNMR receiver planar micro coil with ellipsoidal geometry 1000x500 microm, fabricated using an electroplating technique and used as SNMR receiver coil at 200 MHz. The maximum signal intensity on the NMR images and simulation of RF field distribution allows defining an active volume of 0.8 microL. The localised spectroscopy based on a PRESS sequence shows that the concentration sensitivity is closed to S(C)=2.33 M(-1) and the limit of detection LOD=0.8 M. This micro-system offers the possibility of new investigation techniques based on implantable micro coils used for in vivo study of local cerebral metabolites occupying a small volume (microL to nL order).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Baxan
- LRMN CNRS UMR 5012, Univ. Claude Bernard, Villeurbanne, France
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35
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Eldridge SL, Almeida VK, Korir AK, Larive CK. Separation and Analysis of Trace Degradants in a Pharmaceutical Formulation Using On-Line Capillary Isotachophoresis-NMR. Anal Chem 2007; 79:8446-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ac7016629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacie L. Eldridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, and Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Valentino K. Almeida
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, and Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Albert K. Korir
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, and Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Cynthia K. Larive
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, and Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
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36
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Korir AK, Larive CK. On-line NMR detection of microgram quantities of heparin-derived oligosaccharides and their structure elucidation by microcoil NMR. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:1707-16. [PMID: 17607565 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 05/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The isolation and purification of sufficient quantities of heparin-derived oligosaccharides for characterization by NMR is a tedious and time-consuming process. In addition, the structural complexity and microheterogeneity of heparin makes its characterization a challenging task. The improved mass-sensitivity of microcoil NMR probe technology makes this technique well suited for characterization of mass-limited heparin-derived oligosaccharides. Although microcoil probes have poorer concentration sensitivity than conventional NMR probes, this limitation can be overcome by coupling capillary isotachophoresis (cITP) with on-line microcoil NMR detection (cITP-NMR). Strategies to improve the sensitivity of on-line NMR detection through changes in probe design and in the cITP-NMR experimental protocol are discussed. These improvements in sensitivity allow acquisition of cITP-NMR survey spectra facilitating tentative identification of unknown oligosaccharides. Complete structure elucidation for microgram quantities of the purified material can be carried out through acquisition of 2D NMR spectra using a CapNMR microcoil probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert K Korir
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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37
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McDonnell EE, Han S, Hilty C, Pierce KL, Pines A. NMR analysis on microfluidic devices by remote detection. Anal Chem 2007; 77:8109-14. [PMID: 16351162 DOI: 10.1021/ac051320+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel approach to perform high-sensitivity NMR imaging and spectroscopic analysis on microfluidic devices. The application of NMR, the most information-rich spectroscopic technique, to microfluidic devices remains a challenge because the inherently low sensitivity of NMR is aggravated by small fluid volumes leading to low NMR signal and geometric constraints resulting in poor efficiency for inductive detection. We address the latter by physically separating signal detection from encoding of information with remote detection. Thereby, we use a commercial imaging probe with sufficiently large diameter to encompass the entire device, enabling encoding of NMR information at any location on the chip. Because large-diameter coils are too insensitive for detection, we store the encoded information as longitudinal magnetization and flow it into the outlet capillary. There, we detect the signal with optimal sensitivity, using a solenoidal microcoil, and reconstruct the information encoded in the fluid. We present a generally applicable design for a detection-only microcoil probe that can be inserted into the bore of a commercial imaging probe. Using hyperpolarized 129Xe gas, we show that this probe enables sensitive reconstruction of NMR spectroscopic information encoded by the large imaging probe while keeping the flexibility of a large coil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E McDonnell
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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38
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Anwar MS, Hilty C, Chu C, Bouchard LS, Pierce KL, Pines A. Spin Coherence Transfer in Chemical Transformations Monitored by Remote Detection NMR. Anal Chem 2007; 79:2806-11. [PMID: 17335181 DOI: 10.1021/ac062327+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment using continuous flow in a microfluidic channel for studying the transfer of spin coherence in nonequilibrium chemical processes. We use the principle of remote detection, which involves spatially separated NMR encoding and detection coils. As an example, we provide the map of chemical shift correlations for the amino acid alanine as it transitions from the zwitterionic to the anionic form. The presented method uniquely allows for tracking the migration of encoded spins during the course of any chemical transformation and can provide useful information about reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sabieh Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley and Division of Materials Science, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Building 11-D64, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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39
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The changing role of NMR spectroscopy in off-line impurity identification: A conceptual view. Trends Analyt Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2006.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Armani AM, Vahala KJ. Heavy water detection using ultra-high-Q microcavities. OPTICS LETTERS 2006; 31:1896-8. [PMID: 16729107 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.001896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-high-Q optical microcavities (Q>10(7)) provide one method for distinguishing chemically similar species. Resonators immersed in H(2)O have lower quality factors than those immersed in D(2)O due to the difference in optical absorption. This difference can be used to create a D(2)O detector. This effect is most noticeable at 1,300 nm, where the Q(H(2)O) is 106 and the Q(D(2)O) is 107. By monitoring Q, concentrations of 0.0001% [1 part in 106 per volume] of D(2)O in H(2)O have been detected. This sensitivity represents an order of magnitude improvement over previous techniques. Reversible detection was also demonstrated by cyclic introduction and flushing of D(2)O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Armani
- Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, M/C 128-95, Pasadena, 91125, USA
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41
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Miao H, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Confirmation of peak assignments in capillary electrophoresis using immunoprecipitation. Application to D-aspartate measurements in neurons. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1106:56-60. [PMID: 16199049 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Revised: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection is a powerful tool for analysis of samples ranging from tissue extracts to single cells. However, accurate peak identification in electropherograms is challenging when complex biological samples are analyzed, as often matching a migration time between an analyte and corresponding standard may be insufficient to confirm the peak's identity. A method which combines single-step immunoprecipitation and CE-LIF analysis for investigation of the chiral amino acids in single cells and small tissue samples is demonstrated. D-Aspartate (D-Asp) has been reported in the central nervous system of the invertebrate neurobiological model Aplysia californica. In order to confirm the identity of D-Asp signal in the complex electropherograms of nerve tissue extracts and individual neurons, anti-D-Asp serum, preincubated with L-Asp conjugate, is added to the sample. This selectively binds the free D-Asp, creating an antibody-antigen complex with a migration time similar to that of antibody alone, but not that of D-Asp. The complete disappearance of the putative D-Asp peak confirms its identity and validates that there are no other detectable analytes co-migrating with D-Asp in the electropherogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Champaign, School of Chemical Sciences, 600 South Mathews Avenue 63-5, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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42
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Almeida VK, Larive CK. Insights into cyclodextrin interactions during sample stacking using capillary isotachophoresis with on-line microcoil NMR detection. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2005; 43:755-61. [PMID: 16049945 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
On-line capillary isotachophoresis (cITP)-NMR experiments were used to probe the interactions of the pharmaceutical compounds S-alprenolol, S-atenolol, R-propranolol, R-salbutamol and S-terbutaline with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) during cITP concentration. In cITP, ionic analytes are concentrated and separated on the basis of their electrophoretic mobility. Because neutral molecules have an electrophoretic mobility of zero, they are normally not concentrated or separated in electrophoretic experiments like cITP. Most of the analytes studied were concentrated by cITP sample stacking by a factor of around 300. For analytes that formed a strong inclusion complex, beta-CD co-concentrated during cITP sample stacking. However, once the focusing process was complete, a discrete diffusional boundary formed between the cITP-focused analyte band and the leading and trailing electrolyte, which restricted diffusion into and out of the analyte band.
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43
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Webb AG. Nuclear magnetic resonance coupled microseparations. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2005; 43:688-96. [PMID: 16049953 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The increased separation efficiency afforded by reducing the size of the separation column has resulted in 'microseparations' becoming an important component in many chemical and biochemical applications. The coupling of microseparations with NMR detection is an area of increasing interest owing to the high structural information of NMR. In order to couple efficiently with the separation, the NMR detector must be reduced in size to correspond to that of the separation peak. This paper summarizes some of the approaches used in coupling NMR detection with pressure-driven and electrophoretic microseparations, the design of small NMR detectors and applications of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Webb
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA.
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44
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Webb AG. Microcoil nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 38:892-903. [PMID: 16087050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2004] [Revised: 01/15/2005] [Accepted: 01/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In comparison with most analytical chemistry techniques, nuclear magnetic resonance has an intrinsically low sensitivity, and many potential applications are therefore precluded by the limited available quantity of certain types of sample. In recent years, there has been a trend, both commercial and academic, towards miniaturization of the receiver coil in order to increase the mass sensitivity of NMR measurements. These small coils have also proved very useful in coupling NMR detection with commonly used microseparation techniques. A further development enabled by small detectors is parallel data acquisition from many samples simultaneously, made possible by incorporating multiple receiver coils into a single NMR probehead. This review article summarizes recent developments and applications of "microcoil" NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Webb
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 4221 Beckman Institute, 405 N. Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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45
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Wolters AM, Jayawickrama DA, Sweedler JV. Comparative analysis of a neurotoxin from Calliostoma canaliculatum by on-line capillary isotachophoresis/1H NMR and diffusion 1H NMR. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2005; 68:162-167. [PMID: 15730236 DOI: 10.1021/np030302p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy has been coupled on-line to capillary isotachophoresis (cITP) to enhance structural analyses of dilute charged species through separation and sample concentration. Microcoils, the most mass-sensitive NMR probes available, provide optimal detection for cITP/NMR. To evaluate the utility of cITP/NMR for natural product analysis, a homogenate of the hypobranchial gland from the marine snail Calliostoma canaliculatum containing a cationic neurotoxin (1, a disulfide-bonded dimer of 6-bromo-2-mercaptotryptamine) was studied. For comparison, hypobranchial gland homogenate was also examined by diffusion-NMR, an alternative approach for NMR mixture analysis. cITP/NMR concentrated the neurotoxin by almost 20-fold and isolated it from some of the other components present in the matrix. However, a minor component, likely a precursor or degradant, co-migrated with compound 1. Diffusion-NMR also did not resolve the two, indicating that the compounds possessed similar diffusion coefficients and electrophoretic mobilities. The strengths and limitations of the two approaches for NMR mixture analysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Wolters
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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46
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Kautz RA, Goetzinger WK, Karger BL. High-Throughput Microcoil NMR of Compound Libraries Using Zero-Dispersion Segmented Flow Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 7:14-20. [PMID: 15638474 DOI: 10.1021/cc0498940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An automated system for loading samples into a microcoil NMR probe has been developed using segmented flow analysis. This approach enhanced 2-fold the throughput of the published direct injection and flow injection methods, improved sample utilization 3-fold, and was applicable to high-field NMR facilities with long transfer lines between the sample handler and NMR magnet. Sample volumes of 2 microL (10-30 mM, approximately 10 microg) were drawn from a 96-well microtiter plate by a sample handler, then pumped to a 0.5-microL microcoil NMR probe as a queue of closely spaced "plugs" separated by an immiscible fluorocarbon fluid. Individual sample plugs were detected by their NMR signal and automatically positioned for stopped-flow data acquisition. The sample in the NMR coil could be changed within 35 s by advancing the queue. The fluorocarbon liquid wetted the wall of the Teflon transfer line, preventing the DMSO samples from contacting the capillary wall and thus reducing sample losses to below 5% after passage through the 3-m transfer line. With a wash plug of solvent between samples, sample-to-sample carryover was <1%. Significantly, the samples did not disperse into the carrier liquid during loading or during acquisitions of several days for trace analysis. For automated high-throughput analysis using a 16-second acquisition time, spectra were recorded at a rate of 1.5 min/sample and total deuterated solvent consumption was <0.5 mL (1 US dollar) per 96-well plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Kautz
- The Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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47
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Jayawickrama DA, Sweedler JV. Dual Microcoil NMR Probe Coupled to Cyclic CE for Continuous Separation and Analyte Isolation. Anal Chem 2004; 76:4894-900. [PMID: 15307803 DOI: 10.1021/ac049390o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE)-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy combines the separation efficiency of CE and the information-rich detection capabilities of NMR. However, the temporally narrow CE peaks reduce NMR sensitivity and prevent on-line multidimensional NMR acquisitions. In this work, cyclic CE with multicoil NMR instrumentation is developed to perform CE in multiple closed loops. As a proof of concept, a two-loop five-junction capillary configuration creates two connected yet independently operable fluidic loops. With appropriate voltage switching, analytes can be directed as desired around or between the loops, and a particular analyte band can be parked in one NMR detector coil while CE continues in the second loop and monitored with a second NMR detector coil. The separation of a mixture of amino acids (Ala, Val, Thr) is achieved in two cycles. After one CE cycle, Ala is separated and COSY data are recorded in one loop while Val and Thr are separated in the second loop. At the end of the second cycle, both Val and Thr are separated and multidimensional NMR spectra acquired. With this instrumentation and appropriate protocols, two-dimensional NMR data acquisition and CE separation are achieved simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimuthu A Jayawickrama
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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48
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Olson DL, Norcross JA, O'Neil-Johnson M, Molitor PF, Detlefsen DJ, Wilson AG, Peck TL. Microflow NMR: Concepts and Capabilities. Anal Chem 2004; 76:2966-74. [PMID: 15144211 DOI: 10.1021/ac035426l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The principles and parameters to consider when choosing an NMR probe for analysis of a volume- or mass-limited sample are identified and discussed. In particular, a capillary-based microflow probe is described which has a mass sensitivity comparable to cryoprobes (observe volume approximately 40 microL), but with several distinct advantages. The microflow probe has a flowcell volume of 5 microL and an observe volume of 1.5 microL and is equipped with proton and carbon observe channels, deuterium lock, and z-gradient capability. The entire flow path is fused silica; inlet and outlet capillary inner diameters are 50 microm to minimize sample dispersion, making it well-suited to volume-limited samples. An injected sample of 1 nmol of sucrose (0.34 microg in 3 microL, 0.33 mM; MW = 342 g/mol) yields a 1D proton spectrum in 10 min on a spectrometer of 500 MHz or higher. In another example, 15 microg of sucrose (in 3 microL; 15 mM, 45 nmol) is injected and parked in the probe to yield a heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence (HMQC) spectrum in less than 15 h. The natural product muristerone A (75 microg in 3 microL, 50 mM, 150 nmol; MW = 497 g/mol) was delivered to the flow cell, and a gradient correlation spectroscopy spectrum was acquired in 7 min, a gradient HMQC in 4 h, and a gradient heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation in 11 h. Four basic modes of sample injection into the probe vary in degree of user intervention, speed, solvent consumption, and sample delivery efficiency. Manual, manual-assisted (employing a micropump), automated (using an autosampler), and capillary HPLC modes of operation are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean L Olson
- Protasis/MRM Corporation, 101 Tomaras Avenue, Savoy, Illinois 61874, USA.
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49
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Walton JH, de Ropp JS, Shutov MV, Goloshevsky AG, McCarthy MJ, Smith RL, Collins SD. A Micromachined Double-Tuned NMR Microprobe. Anal Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ac034073n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. H. Walton
- MicroInstruments and Systems Laboratory (MISL), University of Maine, Orono, Maine, NMR Facility, University of California−Davis, Davis, California, and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California−Davis, Davis, California
| | - J. S. de Ropp
- MicroInstruments and Systems Laboratory (MISL), University of Maine, Orono, Maine, NMR Facility, University of California−Davis, Davis, California, and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California−Davis, Davis, California
| | - M. V. Shutov
- MicroInstruments and Systems Laboratory (MISL), University of Maine, Orono, Maine, NMR Facility, University of California−Davis, Davis, California, and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California−Davis, Davis, California
| | - A. G. Goloshevsky
- MicroInstruments and Systems Laboratory (MISL), University of Maine, Orono, Maine, NMR Facility, University of California−Davis, Davis, California, and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California−Davis, Davis, California
| | - M. J. McCarthy
- MicroInstruments and Systems Laboratory (MISL), University of Maine, Orono, Maine, NMR Facility, University of California−Davis, Davis, California, and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California−Davis, Davis, California
| | - R. L. Smith
- MicroInstruments and Systems Laboratory (MISL), University of Maine, Orono, Maine, NMR Facility, University of California−Davis, Davis, California, and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California−Davis, Davis, California
| | - S. D. Collins
- MicroInstruments and Systems Laboratory (MISL), University of Maine, Orono, Maine, NMR Facility, University of California−Davis, Davis, California, and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California−Davis, Davis, California
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50
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Heegaard NHH, Rovatti L, Nissen MH, Hamdan M. Structural and conformational variants of human beta2-microglobulin characterized by capillary electrophoresis and complementary separation methods. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1004:51-9. [PMID: 12929961 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The small (Mr = 11729) serum protein beta2-microglobulin is prone to precipitate as amyloid in a protein conformational disorder (PCD) that occurs in a significant number of patients on chronic hemodialysis. Analyses by capillary electrophoresis (CE) were undertaken to study beta2-microglobulin conformations under native separation conditions and showed an apparent heterogeneity of purified preparations when the sample matrix included organic solvents such as acetonitrile, trifluoroethanol and ethanol. We here present LC-MS, CE-MS, and CE studies of changes of separation profiles as a function of capillary temperature, organic solvent concentration, and analysis time. The results suggest that the apparent beta2-microglobulin heterogeneity observed by CE is caused by two distinct protein conformations that are present in beta2-microglobulin under partly denaturing conditions and that Met99-oxidized and normal (i.e. nonoxidized) beta2-microglobulin behave similarly with respect to the potential to attain this alternative conformation. CE is an attractive method to study early and intermediate soluble folding variants that may be involved in PCDs and CE thus may have an important role as a tool for understanding other PCDs characterized by amyloid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels H H Heegaard
- Department of Autoimmunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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