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Ramasami Sundhar Baabu P, Mani GK, Rayappan JBB, Tsuyuki Y, Inazu T, Tsuchiya K. Sensor-on-Microtips: Design and Development of Hydrothermally Grown ZnO on Micropipette Tips as a Modified Working Electrode for Detection of Glucose. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:498. [PMID: 36984905 PMCID: PMC10053005 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturization of electrochemical components has become less common in the last decade, with the focus predominantly being the design and development of state-of-the-art microelectrodes for achieving small volume analysis of samples. However, such microelectrodes involve cumbersome processing procedures to convert the base material for the required application. A potential paradigm shift in such miniaturization could be achieved by using cheaper alternatives such as plastics to build electrochemical components, such as micropipette tips made of polypropylene, which are commercially available at ease. Hence, this work presents the design of an electrochemical working electrode based upon a micropipette tip, involving minimal processing procedures. Furthermore, such a working electrode was realized by sputtering silver onto a bare micropipette tip using a radio-frequency sputtering technique, to obtain electrical contacts on the tip, followed by hydrothermal growth of ZnO, which acted as the active electrode material. The ZnO nanostructures grown on the micropipette tip were characterized for their morphology and surface properties using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), laser microscope, Raman spectrometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The developed micropipette tip-based electrode was then used as the working electrode in a three-electrode system, wherein its electrochemical stability and properties were analyzed using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Furthermore, the above system was used to detect glucose concentrations of 10-200 µM, to evaluate its sensing properties using amperometry. The developed working electrode exhibited a sensitivity of 69.02 µA/µM cm-2 and limit of detection of 67.5 µM, indicating the potential for using such modified micropipette tips as low-cost miniaturized sensors to detect various bio-analytes in sample solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ganesh Kumar Mani
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan
| | | | - Yuichiro Tsuyuki
- Hasegawa Machinery Limited, 307 Matsuoka, Fuji-shi 416-0909, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Inazu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsuchiya
- Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan
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2
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Gabler T, Krześniak A, Janik M, Myśliwiec A, Koba M, Buczyńska J, Jönsson-Niedziółka M, Smietana M. Electrochemistry in an optical fiber microcavity - optical monitoring of electrochemical processes in picoliter volumes. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2763-2770. [PMID: 34047326 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00324k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate a novel method for multi-domain analysis of properties of analytes in volumes as small as picoliters, combining electrochemistry and optical measurements. A microcavity in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer (μIMZI) obtained in a standard single-mode optical fiber using femtosecond laser micromachining was able to accommodate a microelectrode and optically monitor electrochemical processes inside the fiber. The interferometer shows exceptional sensitivity to changes in the optical properties of analytes in the microcavity. We show that the optical readout follows the electrochemical reactions. Here, the redox probe (ferrocenedimethanol) undergoing reactions of oxidation and reduction changes the optical properties of the analyte (refractive index and absorbance) that are monitored using the μIMZI. Measurements have been supported by numerical analysis of both optical and electrochemical phenomena. On top of the capability of the approach to perform analysis on a microscale, the difference between oxidized and reduced forms in the near-infrared region can be measured using the μIMZI, which is hardly possible using other optical techniques. The proposed multi-domain concept is a promising approach for highly reliable and ultrasensitive chemo- and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Gabler
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Krześniak
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Janik
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland. and Gdańsk University of Technology, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Myśliwiec
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Koba
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland. and National Institute of Telecommunications, Szachowa 1, 04-894 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Buczyńska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Martin Jönsson-Niedziółka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Smietana
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland.
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3
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Guo Z, Zhou S, Li J, Guo X, Cui J, Wu D. Development of a paper-based microanalysis device doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes for in vitro evaluation of fluorene cytotoxicity. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 135:107552. [PMID: 32526678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Developing a cost-effective and simple micro-analysis tool has long been an important objective in the toxicological detection of fluorene. In this study, a disposable paper-based micro-analysis device (μ-PAD) was designed using graphite doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to hand draw the electrode (MWCNTs/μ-PAD). We investigated the feasibility of the designed MWCNTs/μ-PAD as a cell-sensing platform using voltammetry measurements. Its application for evaluating the cytotoxicity of fluorene was studied based on the electrochemical determination of human breast cancer cells induced by fluorene. The results showed a dose-dependent toxicity effect of fluorene on cellular activity. The measurements were comparable with those obtained using a methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium assay. The detection limit of the MWCNTs/μ-PAD for human breast cancer cells was as low as 4.00 × 103 cells·mL-1 owing to the enhanced catalytic activity of the MWCNTs. Notably, the MWCNTs/μ-PAD-which had a diameter of 7.00 mm-allowed a sampling volume of 10.0 μL, which is 50.0 times less than the sampling volume required with a conventional electrode (500 μL). Advantages such as the simplicity of manufacture, low consumption, low cost, rapid detection, and disposability, suggest that the MWCNTs/μ-PAD could provide new opportunities and directions for in vitro microanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengcai Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinlian Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jiwen Cui
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
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4
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Freeman CJ, Farghaly AA, Choudhary H, Chavis AE, Brady KT, Reiner JE, Collinson MM. Microdroplet-Based Potentiometric Redox Measurements on Gold Nanoporous Electrodes. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3768-74. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Freeman
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
| | - Ahmed A. Farghaly
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
| | - Hajira Choudhary
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
| | - Amy E. Chavis
- Department
of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Kyle T. Brady
- Department
of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Joseph E. Reiner
- Department
of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Maryanne M. Collinson
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
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5
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Chang F, Xie X, Li M, Zhu Z. A miniaturized electrochemical device integrating a biconical microchannel and carbon fiber disk ultramicroelectrode. Analyst 2016; 141:4859-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple, cheap and practicable miniaturized electrochemical device was developed based on a biconical microchannel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Chang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- PR China
| | - Xia Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- PR China
| | - Meixian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- PR China
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6
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Tseng WC, Hsu KC, Shiea CS, Huang YL. Recent trends in nanomaterial-based microanalytical systems for the speciation of trace elements: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 884:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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7
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Three-electrode analytical and preparative electrochemistry in micro-volume hanging droplets. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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8
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Manikandan M, Nasser Abdelhamid H, Talib A, Wu HF. Facile synthesis of gold nanohexagons on graphene templates in Raman spectroscopy for biosensing cancer and cancer stem cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 55:180-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Niu X, Lan M, Zhao H, Chen C, Li Y, Zhu X. Review: Electrochemical Stripping Analysis of Trace Heavy Metals Using Screen-Printed Electrodes. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.805416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Flowers PA, Blake DA. Submicroliter Electrochemistry and Spectroelectrochemistry Using Standard Electrodes and a Polymer Electrolyte Salt Bridge. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3059-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303712v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Flowers
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke,
North Carolina 28372-1510, United States
| | - David A. Blake
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke,
North Carolina 28372-1510, United States
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11
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Zhang DW, Liu JX, Nie J, Zhou YL, Zhang XX. Micropipet Tip-Based Miniaturized Electrochemical Device Combined with Ultramicroelectrode and Its Application in Immobilization-Free Enzyme Biosensor. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2032-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303223u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- De-Wen Zhang
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
(BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing-Xin Liu
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
(BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ji Nie
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
(BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying-Lin Zhou
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
(BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin-Xiang Zhang
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
(BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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12
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René A, Cugnet C, Hauchard D, Authier L. Use of screen-printed microelectrodes working as generator/collector systems for the determination of the antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds. Analyst 2013; 138:2192-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an36212d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Momotenko D, Cortes-Salazar F, Lesch A, Wittstock G, Girault HH. Microfluidic push-pull probe for scanning electrochemical microscopy. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5275-82. [PMID: 21563749 DOI: 10.1021/ac2006729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a microfluidic push-pull probe for scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) consisting of a working microelectrode, an integrated counter/reference electrode and two microchannels for pushing and pulling an electrolyte solution to and away from a substrate. With such a configuration, a droplet of a permanently renewed redox mediator solution is maintained just at the probe tip to carry out SECM measurements on initially dry substrates or in microenvironments. For SECM imaging purposes, the probe fabricated in a soft polymer material is used in a contact regime. SECM images of various gold-on-glass samples demonstrate the proof-of-concept of a push-pull probe for local surface activity characterization with high spatial resolution even on vertically oriented substrates. Finite element computations were performed to guide the improvement of the probe sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Momotenko
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Honeychurch KC, Al-Berezanchi S, Hart JP. The voltammetric behaviour of lead at a microband screen-printed carbon electrode and its determination in acetate leachates from glazed ceramic plates. Talanta 2011; 84:717-23. [PMID: 21482273 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microband screen-printed carbon electrodes (μBSPCEs) without further modification have been investigated as disposable sensors for the measurement of lead in acetate leachates from ceramic glazed plates. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to elucidate the electrochemical behaviour of Pb(2+) at these electrodes in a variety of supporting electrolytes. The anodic peaks obtained on the reverse scans, showed that Pb had been deposited as a thin layer on the surface of the μBSPCE. The anodic peak of greatest magnitude was obtained in 0.1M pH 4.1 acetate buffer containing 13 mM Cl(-). The effect of chromium, copper, phosphate, sulphate and tin was examined and under the conditions employed, no significant change in current was found. The μBSPCEs were evaluated by carrying out lead determinations for acetate leachates from glazed ceramic plates. A highly decorated ornamental plate was found to leach 400 μg Pb(2+) (%CV=1.91%). A second plate, designed for dinnerware was found not to leach any detectable levels of Pb(2+). However, once fortified with 2.10 μg of Pb (equivalent to 100 ng/ml in the leachate), a mean recovery of 82.08% (%CV=4.07%) was obtained. The performance characteristics indicate that reliable data has been obtained for this application which could identify potentially toxic sources of lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Honeychurch
- Centre for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
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15
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Abstract
Exploration of electrochemical properties in ultrasmall volumes is still an emerging area. It is not only of great importance for the fundamental research, but also endowed with practical significance in the area of bioanalysis and medicine. Microelectrodes with superior electrochemical characteristics and versatile configurations are suitable tools for the investigation in confined geometries, and remarkable progress involving both preparation methods and theoretical interpretation has been made during the last few decades. Despite this success, electrochemical studies in nanoscopic volumes are still highly challenging due to the less predictable situations in very limited spatial and temporal domains, as well as difficulty in micromanipulation at the nanoscale. In this mini-review, we will summarize the main strategies for this topic, briefly look through the recent advances, and specifically introduce the design and application of a new kind of on-chip ultrasmall electrochemical cells based on micro- and nanogap electrodes, which are prepared by photolithographic method with volume ranging from femtolitre to attolitre. Finally, the limits of current systems and the future perspectives of this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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16
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Metters JP, Kadara RO, Banks CE. New directions in screen printed electroanalytical sensors: an overview of recent developments. Analyst 2011; 136:1067-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00894j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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da Silva RAB, Rabelo AC, Munoz RAA, Richter EM. Three-Electrode-Integrated Sensor into a Micropipette Tip. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Sun H, Nie Z, Fung YS. Determination of free bilirubin and its binding capacity by HSA using a microfluidic chip-capillary electrophoresis device with a multi-segment circular-ferrofluid-driven micromixing injection. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3061-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Li T, Su L, Hu W, Dong H, Li Y, Mao L. Femtoliter and Attoliter Electrochemical Cells on Chips. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1521-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902681g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, and Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lei Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, and Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, and Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, and Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, and Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, and Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
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Liu Y, Gyurcsányi R, Jágerszki G, DeNuzzio J, Lindner E. Microfabricated Amperometric Cells for Multicomponent Analysis. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200904614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Konash A, Harris AR, Zhang J, Elton D, Hyland M, Kennedy G, Bond AM. Theoretical and experimental evaluation of screen-printed tubular carbon ink disposable sensor well electrodes by dc and Fourier transformed ac voltammetry. J Solid State Electrochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-008-0751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Shiku H, Goto S, Jung S, Nagamine K, Koide M, Itayama T, Yasukawa T, Matsue T. Electrochemical characterization of enzymatic activity of yeast cells entrapped in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) microwell on the basis of limited diffusion system. Analyst 2008; 134:182-7. [PMID: 19082191 DOI: 10.1039/b808428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and quantitative analysis was performed using a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microwell array in a scanning electrochemical microscopy setup. A microelectrode with a relatively large seal radius was used to cover the top of the cylindrical PDMS microwell (96 pL). The voltammogram for 4 mM ferrocyanide resulted in a charge value of 38 nC, suggesting that almost 100% of the reductant in the microwell was converted to the oxidation current. When genetically modified yeast cells were entrapped in the microwell, the accumulation of p-aminophenol (PAP) produced by expressing beta-galactosidase (betaGAL) was successfully observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11, Aramaki-Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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23
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Walker C, Xia Z, Foster Z, Lutz B, Fan Z. Investigation of Airbrushing for Fabricating Microelectrodes in Microfluidic Devices. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Fabrication and characterisation of novel screen-printed tubular microband electrodes, and their application to the measurement of hydrogen peroxide. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Sakairi M, Yamada M, Kikuchi T, Takahashi H. Development of three-electrode type micro-electrochemical reactor on anodized aluminum with photon rupture and electrochemistry. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Parat C, Authier L, Betelu S, Petrucciani N, Potin-Gautier M. Determination of Labile Cadmium Using a Screen-Printed Electrode Modified by a Microwell. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Lenihan JS, Ball JC, Gavalas VG, Lumpp JK, Hines J, Daunert S, Bachas LG. Microfabrication of screen-printed nanoliter vials with embedded surface-modified electrodes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:259-65. [PMID: 17115139 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Revised: 09/28/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A self-contained ion-selective sensing system within a nanoliter-volume vial has been developed by integrating screen printing, laser ablation, and molecular imprinting techniques. Screen printing and laser ablation are used in tandem to fabricate nanoliter-volume vials with carbon and Ag/AgCl ring electrodes embedded in the sidewalls. Using multisweep cyclic voltammetry, the surface of the carbon electrode can be modified with a polypyrrole film. By polymerizing pyrrole in the presence of nitrate, pores complementary to the nitrate anion in size, shape, and charge distribution are formed in the resulting film. Electrochemical cells modified with this nitrate-imprinted polypyrrole film show a near-Nernstian response to nitrate, and excellent reproducibility. The integration of molecular recognition and electrochemical response in the nanoliter vials is demonstrated by the detection of as little as 0.36 ng nitrate in nanoliter-volume samples. The integration of tailored molecular recognition within nanoliter vials via established fabrication and imprinting protocols should result in a number of nanosensor devices with applications in BioMEMS and micro total analysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Lenihan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
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Turcu F, Schulte A, Schuhmann W. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) of nanolitre droplets using an integrated working/reference electrode assembly. Anal Bioanal Chem 2004; 380:736-41. [PMID: 15517205 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has been performed in the restricted space of nanolitre droplets with a robust and easy-to-handle coaxial electrode assembly centring a Pt microdisk in a circular Ag electrode. Straightforward and reproducible fabrication of the specially designed probe tips was achieved by using Tollens' reaction to chemically deposit a uniform and well-adhering layer of silver on the body of a glass-insulated Pt microdisk electrode. The suitability of the novel dual-electrode SECM tip for measurement in small volumes was evaluated by imaging an array of four Pt band microelectrodes in 500 nL electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Turcu
- Analytische Chemie, Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, NC04/788, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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Authier L, Grossiord C, Brossier P. Gold nanoparticle-based quantitative electrochemical detection of amplified human cytomegalovirus DNA using disposable microband electrodes. Anal Chem 2001; 73:4450-6. [PMID: 11575792 DOI: 10.1021/ac0103221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical DNA detection method has been developed for the sensitive quantification of an amplified 406-base pair human cytomegalovirus DNA sequence (HCMV DNA). The assay relies on (i) the hybridization of the single-stranded target HCMV DNA with an oligonucleotide-modified Au nanoparticle probe, (ii) followed by the release of the gold metal atoms anchored on the hybrids by oxidative metal dissolution, and (iii) the indirect determination of the solubilized AuIII ions by anodic stripping voltammetry at a sandwich-type screen-printed microband electrode (SPMBE). Due to the enhancement of the AuIII mass transfer by nonlinear diffusion during the electrodeposition time, the SPMBE allows the sensitive determination of AuIII in a small volume of quiescent solution. The combination of the sensitive AuIII determination at a SPMBE with the large number of AuIII released from each gold nanoparticle probe allows detection of as low as 5 pM amplified HCMV DNA fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Authier
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Médicale et Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine et d Pharmacie, Dijon, France
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