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Wang Q. Building Personalized Cancer Therapeutics through Multi-Omics Assays and Bacteriophage-Eukaryotic Cell Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189712. [PMID: 34575870 PMCID: PMC8468737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage-eukaryotic cell interaction provides the biological foundation of Phage Display technology, which has been widely adopted in studies involving protein-protein and protein-peptide interactions, and it provides a direct link between the proteins and the DNA encoding them. Phage display has also facilitated the development of new therapeutic agents targeting personalized cancer mutations. Proteins encoded by mutant genes in cancers can be processed and presented on the tumor cell surface by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules, and such mutant peptides are called Neoantigens. Neoantigens are naturally existing tumor markers presented on the cell surface. In clinical settings, the T-cell recognition of neoantigens is the foundation of cancer immunotherapeutics. This year, we utilized phage display to successfully develop the 1st antibody-based neoantigen targeting approach for next-generation personalized cancer therapeutics. In this article, we discussed the strategies for identifying neoantigens, followed by using phage display to create personalized cancer therapeutics-a complete pipeline for personalized cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Complete Omics Inc., 1448 S. Rolling Rd, Baltimore, MD 21227, USA
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2
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Liu S, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhao G. Group-Targeting Detection of Total Steroid Estrogen Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7639-7647. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
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3
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Alexovič M, Dotsikas Y, Bober P, Sabo J. Achievements in robotic automation of solvent extraction and related approaches for bioanalysis of pharmaceuticals. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:402-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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4
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Muntel J, Xuan Y, Berger ST, Reiter L, Bachur R, Kentsis A, Steen H. Advancing Urinary Protein Biomarker Discovery by Data-Independent Acquisition on a Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4752-62. [PMID: 26423119 PMCID: PMC4993212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The promises of data-independent acquisition (DIA) strategies are a comprehensive and reproducible digital qualitative and quantitative record of the proteins present in a sample. We developed a fast and robust DIA method for comprehensive mapping of the urinary proteome that enables large scale urine proteomics studies. Compared to a data-dependent acquisition (DDA) experiments, our DIA assay doubled the number of identified peptides and proteins per sample at half the coefficients of variation observed for DDA data (DIA = ∼8%; DDA = ∼16%). We also tested different spectral libraries and their effects on overall protein and peptide identifications and their reproducibilities, which provided clear evidence that sample type-specific spectral libraries are preferred for reliable data analysis. To show applicability for biomarker discovery experiments, we analyzed a sample set of 87 urine samples from children seen in the emergency department with abdominal pain. The whole set was analyzed with high proteome coverage (∼1300 proteins/sample) in less than 4 days. The data set revealed excellent biomarker candidates for ovarian cyst and urinary tract infection. The improved throughput and quantitative performance of our optimized DIA workflow allow for the efficient simultaneous discovery and verification of biomarker candidates without the requirement for an early bias toward selected proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Muntel
- Departments of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yue Xuan
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sebastian T. Berger
- Departments of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Lukas Reiter
- Biognosys AG, Wagistrasse 25, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Richard Bachur
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology & Chemistry Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Hanno Steen
- Departments of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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5
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Determination of deltonin in rat plasma by using HPLC-MS/MS and the application of this method in pharmacokinetic studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 931:1-5. [PMID: 23747424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Deltonin is a naturally occurring spirostanol glycoside from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine. It exerts strong cytotoxic effect on C26 cells, inhibits C26 derived-tumor growth, and prolongs the survival of tumor-bearing mice after its oral administration, indicating its potential for use as an anti-tumor drug. To investigate the pharmacokinetic profiles of deltonin, a rapid, sensitive, and simplified high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) assay was developed and validated for the determination of deltonin in rat plasma. After acetonitrile-mediated plasma protein precipitation, chromatographic separation of deltonin was achieved using a reversed phase Hypersil Gold column (150mm×2.1mm, 5μm), with gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. Thereafter, deltonin was quantified using MS/MS with electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 200μL/min, and the retention time was 9.03min for deltonin and 6.31min for the internal standard (IS: 20(S)-ginsenoside Rb1). The linear range of the calibration curve was 2-5000ng/mL (r(2)>0.99), and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.46ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day accuracies ranged from -2.8% to 11.1% and precisions (RSD) were within 13.1%. Deltonin was found to be stable under short-term temperature conditions, post-preparative temperature conditions, and after 3 freeze-thaw cycles conditions. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats after oral administration of deltonin (50 and 100mg/kg). The pharmacokinetics is characterized by high apparent clearance (CL/F) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F).
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6
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Hasnain MS, Rao S, Singh MK, Vig N, Singh MK, Budakoti SK, Ansari A. Development and validation of an improved LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of desloratadine and its metabolite in human plasma using deutrated desloratadine as internal standard. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2013; 5:74-9. [PMID: 23559828 PMCID: PMC3612343 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.106571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: For the determination of desloratadine (DES) and 3-OH desloratadine (3-OHD) in human plasma using deutrated desloratadine (DESD5) as internal standard (IS), a novel stability indicating liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and validated to support the clinical advancement. Materials and Methods: The solid-phase extraction method used for sample preparation and calibration range was 100-11,000 pg/ml, for which a quadratic regression (1/x2) was best fitted. The blank plasma was screened and observed free from any endogenous interference. Results: The accuracy (% nominal) at low limit of quantification LLOQ level for DES and 3-OHD was 100.4% and 99.9% whereas precision (%CV) was 4.6 and 5.1%. They (DES and 3-OHD) were stable in human plasma after five freeze-thaw cycles, at room temperature for 23.8 hour, bench top stability for 6.4 hour. Conclusion: This method fulfills all the regulatory requirements for selectivity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, stability, goodness of fit, and ruggedness of the method for the determination of DES and 3-OHD in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saquib Hasnain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Orissa, India
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7
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Zheng Z, Lee BH, Choi JY, Ryu YH, Bae MA, Ahn SH. Determination of 5-HT receptor antagonists, MEFWAY and MPPF using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in rat plasma and brain tissue. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 913-914:24-9. [PMID: 23266361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple, selective, and sensitive liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method was validated for the determination of 4-fluoromethyl-N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxamide (MEFWAY) and 4-fluoro-N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridyl)benzamide (MPPF) in rat plasma and brain samples, respectively. Plasma and brain samples were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol (1:1, v/v) and then separated on a C(18) column (Gemini 3μm 110Å, 50×2.00mm ID, Phenomenex, USA). Quantitation was performed using LC-ESI-MS/MS in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI). The limit of quantification (LOQ) of 5ng/mL and 1ng/mL were obtained in 50μL brain homogenate and plasma, respectively. The analytical linear ranges of this method were 1-4000ng/mL in plasma and 5-4000ng/mL in brain homogenate with a correlation coefficients (R(2)) greater than 0.9993. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy values were within the assay validation guideline (lower than 13.0%). The analytes in plasma and brain samples were stable after three freeze-thaw cycles, long-term storage (one month at -80°C), and short-term (4h) storage at room temperature. The present method was successfully applied to plasma-brain pharmacokinetic studies to investigate brain penetration of a single dose of MEFWAY and MPPF in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zheng
- Drug Discovery Platform Technology Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
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8
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Picotti P, Aebersold R. Selected reaction monitoring-based proteomics: workflows, potential, pitfalls and future directions. Nat Methods 2012; 9:555-66. [PMID: 22669653 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 944] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) is a targeted mass spectrometry technique that is emerging in the field of proteomics as a complement to untargeted shotgun methods. SRM is particularly useful when predetermined sets of proteins, such as those constituting cellular networks or sets of candidate biomarkers, need to be measured across multiple samples in a consistent, reproducible and quantitatively precise manner. Here we describe how SRM is applied in proteomics, review recent advances, present selected applications and provide a perspective on the future of this powerful technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Picotti
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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9
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Bagheri A, Hosseini H. Electrochemistry of raloxifene on glassy carbon electrode and its determination in pharmaceutical formulations and human plasma. Bioelectrochemistry 2012; 88:164-70. [PMID: 22542469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of raloxifene (RLX) on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CV studies were performed in various supporting electrolytes, wide range of potential scan rates, and pHs. The results showed an adsorption-controlled and quasi-reversible process for the electrochemical reaction of RLX, and a probable redox mechanism was suggested. Under the optimum conditions, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was applied for quantitative determination of the RLX in pharmaceutical formulations. The DPV measurements showed that the anodic peak current of the RLX was linear to its concentration in the range of 0.2-50.0μM with a detection limit of 0.0750μM, relative standard deviation (RSD %) below 3.0%, and a good sensitivity. The proposed method was successfully applied for determination of the RLX in pharmaceutical and human plasma samples with a good selectivity and suitable recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Hu Y, Fan Y, Li G. Preparation and evaluation of a porous monolithic capillary column for microextraction of estrogens from urine and milk samples online coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1228:205-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Saini D, Baboota S, Ali M, Patel H, Jain P, Neerumulla S, Ali J. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A STABILITY-INDICATING REVERSED PHASE ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.597067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Saini
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics , Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , New Delhi , India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics , Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , New Delhi , India
| | - Mushir Ali
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics , Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , New Delhi , India
| | | | | | | | - Javed Ali
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics , Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , New Delhi , India
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12
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Rappold BA, Grant RP. HILIC-MS/MS method development for targeted quantitation of metabolites: Practical considerations from a clinical diagnostic perspective. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3527-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Determination of raloxifene and its glucuronides in human urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2323-31. [PMID: 21752732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A selective, sensitive, accurate and precise liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for determination of raloxifene and its three glucuronides: raloxifene-6-β-glucuronide (M1), raloxifene-4'-β-glucuronide (M2), raloxifene-6,4'-diglucuronide (M3) in urine samples is presented in this paper. To our knowledge the developed analytical method is the first fully validated method capable of simultaneous determination of raloxifene and its glucuronides in real urine samples. Moreover, for the first time a method for determination of raloxifene diglucuronide in relevant biological samples was introduced. Metabolites were obtained by a bioconversion process of raloxifene to its glucuronides using the microorganism Streptomyces sp. and were used as standards for validation. Urine samples were introduced to a simple solid phase extraction prior to the analysis by LC-MS/MS. The method was linear in a wide range with high determination coefficient (r(2) > 0.997). The limits of quantification achieved were 1.01, 1.95, 2.83 and 4.69 nM for raloxifene, M1, M2 and M3, respectively. The recoveries were higher than 92.5%, the accuracy was within 100 ± 8.8% and the precision was better than 12% for all compounds. The developed method was successfully applied to the real urine samples and showed to be appropriate for use in further research of still not completely discovered raloxifene pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, the presented method could also serve for a potential application in anti-doping analysis.
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14
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Meyer TE, Fox SD, Issaq HJ, Xu X, Chu LW, Veenstra TD, Hsing AW. A reproducible and high-throughput HPLC/MS method to separate sarcosine from α- and β-alanine and to quantify sarcosine in human serum and urine. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5735-40. [PMID: 21635006 DOI: 10.1021/ac201003r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While sarcosine was recently identified as a potential urine biomarker for prostate cancer, further studies have cast doubt on its utility to diagnose this condition. The inconsistent results may be due to the fact that alanine and sarcosine coelute on an HPLC reversed-phase column and the mass spectrometer cannot differentiate between the two isomers, since the same parent/product ions are generally used to measure them. In this study, we developed a high-throughput liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method that resolves sarcosine from alanine isomers, allowing its accurate quantification in human serum and urine. Assay reproducibility was determined using the coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in serum aliquots from 10 subjects and urine aliquots from 20 subjects across multiple analytic runs. Paired serum/urine samples from 42 subjects were used to evaluate sarcosine serum/urine correlation. Both urine and serum assays gave high sensitivity (limit of quantitation of 5 ng/mL) and reproducibility (serum assay, intra- and interassay CVs < 3% and ICCs > 99%; urine assay, intra-assay CV = 7.7% and ICC = 98.2% and interassay CV = 12.3% and ICC = 94.2%). In conclusion, this high-throughput LC-MS method is able to resolve sarcosine from α- and β-alanine and is useful for quantifying sarcosine in serum and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamra E Meyer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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15
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An ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem MS assay for tamoxifen metabolites profiling in plasma: First evidence of 4′-hydroxylated metabolites in breast cancer patients. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:3402-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Höfner G, Wanner KT. Using short columns to speed up LC–MS quantification in MS binding assays. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1356-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Pan J, Jiang X, Chen YL. Automatic Supported Liquid Extraction (SLE) Coupled with HILIC-MS/MS: An Application to Method Development and Validation of Erlotinib in Human Plasma. Pharmaceutics 2010; 2:105-118. [PMID: 27721346 PMCID: PMC3986710 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics2020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bioanalytical method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of erlotinib in human plasma by using the supported liquid extraction (SLE) sample cleanup coupled with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometric detection (HILIC-MS/MS). The SLE extract could be directly injected into the HILIC-MS/MS system for analysis without the solvent evaporation and reconstitution steps. Therefore, the method is simple and rapid. In the present method, erlotinib-d₆ was used as the internal standard. The SLE extraction recovery was 101.3%. The validated linear curve range was 2 to 2,000 ng/mL based on a sample volume of 0.100-mL, with a linear correlation coefficient of > 0.999. The validation results demonstrated that the present method gave a satisfactory precision and accuracy: intra-day CV < 5.9% (.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongwei Pan
- Charles River Laboratories, 334 South Street, Shrewsbury, MA 01545, USA.
| | - Xiangyu Jiang
- Covance Laboratories, 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI 53704, USA.
| | - Yu-Luan Chen
- Sepracor Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA.
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18
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Shou WZ, Zhang J. Recent development in high-throughput bioanalytical support forin vitroADMET profiling. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:321-36. [DOI: 10.1517/17425250903547829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Liu G, Snapp HM, Ji QC, Arnold ME. Strategy of Accelerated Method Development for High-Throughput Bioanalytical Assays Using Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2009; 81:9225-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901316w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Liu
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Heidi M. Snapp
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Qin C. Ji
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Mark E. Arnold
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
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20
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Kline KG, Finney GL, Wu CC. Quantitative strategies to fuel the merger of discovery and hypothesis-driven shotgun proteomics. BRIEFINGS IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 8:114-25. [PMID: 19398505 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elp008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of most shotgun proteomic pipelines is the discovery of novel biomarkers to direct the development of quantitative diagnostics for the detection and treatment of disease. Differential comparisons of biological samples identify candidate peptides that can serve as proxys of candidate proteins. While these discovery approaches are robust and fairly comprehensive, they have relatively low throughput. When merged with targeted mass spectrometry, this pipeline can fuel hypothesis-driven studies and the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
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21
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Chen M, Granvil C, Ji QC, Zhang ZY, Padval MV, Kansra VV. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous quantitation of prednisolone and dipyridamole in human plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:1241-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Hunter JM, Paramithiotis E. Protein biomarker quantification by mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 4:11-20. [DOI: 10.1517/17530050902929214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Liu W, Zhang L, Chen S, Duan H, Chen X, Wei Z, Chen G. A method by homemade OH/TSO-PMHS fibre solid-phase microextraction coupling with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for analysis of antiestrogens in biological matrices. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 631:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Liu B, Chang J, Gordon WP, Isbell J, Zhou Y, Tuntland T. Snapshot PK: a rapid rodent in vivo preclinical screening approach. Drug Discov Today 2007; 13:360-7. [PMID: 18405850 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2007.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Revised: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Described in this article are strategies implemented to increase the throughput of in vivo rodent pharmacokinetic (PK) studies using the snapshot PK study design and automated methods for compound submission, sample processing, data analysis and reporting. Applying snapshot PK studies to categorize the oral exposure of >1300 discovery compounds as low, moderate or high resulted in an attrition rate of 86%. The follow up full PK studies on the remaining compounds found that 98% of the compounds were predicted in the correct (69%) or adjacent (29%) oral exposure category by the snapshot PK studies. These results demonstrate that the snapshot PK screen in rodents can serve as an effective and efficient in vivo tool in the compound selection process in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, CA, USA
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25
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Ahn KC, Lohstroh P, Gee SJ, Gee NA, Lasley B, Hammock BD. High-throughput automated luminescent magnetic particle-based immunoassay to monitor human exposure to pyrethroid insecticides. Anal Chem 2007; 79:8883-90. [PMID: 17983205 DOI: 10.1021/ac070675l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a sensitive, automated, competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay for the detection of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a metabolite common to many pyrethroid insecticides. The system uses a competitive hapten-protein conjugate that has been labeled with an acridinium ester as the chemiluminescent probe and secondary antibody-coated paramagnetic particles for the separation. After the immunoassay reagents and samples are combined for the competitive incubation step, a fully automated system is used to load the postincubation mixture into a delivery cuvette, facilitating the subsequent magnetic separation of the immunocomplex and the measurement of chemiluminescent signal for quantification. The immunoassay format described here supports the requirement for high throughput necessary for monitoring large numbers of samples in population-based studies. The optimized immunoassay was more sensitive than the conventional enzyme immunoassay in buffer (IC(50) = 0.1 and 2 microg/L, respectively). The mixed-mode solid-phase extraction used for sample preparation to reduce possible urinary matrix effects allowed the accurate measurement of 3-PBA levels as low as 1 microg/L. The automated chemiluminescent immunoassay described here is sensitive, simple to use, and more rapid than the previously reported standard microplate assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Chang Ahn
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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26
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Trontelj J, Bogataj M, Marc J, Mrhar A. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay for determination of raloxifene and its metabolites in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 855:220-7. [PMID: 17537683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development and validation of a method for the detection of raloxifene (Ral) and its two glucuronide metabolites, raloxifene-6-glucuronide (M1) and raloxifene-4'-glucuronide (M2), in human plasma samples. Both glucuronides were synthesized enzymatically, purified and used as authentic standards. The assay involves a simple solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure of 0.5 mL of human plasma and subsequent analysis by LC-MS-MS. The recoveries were higher than 71% and chromatographic separation of all the analytes was accomplished in less than 7 min. Linear ranges (r(2)>0.99) were found from 0.200 to 340 microg/L, from 1.600 to 2720 microg/L and from 0.088 to 60.00 microg/L, for M1, M2 and Ral, respectively. The limits of detection achieved were 8, 11 and 6 ng/L for M1, M2 and Ral, respectively. The method presented was successfully applied to a genetic polymorphism study of 47 plasma samples from women taking Evista (raloxifene hydrochloride).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurij Trontelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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27
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Bakhtiar R, Ramos L, Tse FLS. HIGH-THROUGHPUT MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF XENOBIOTICS IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120008809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Bakhtiar
- a Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research , 59 Route 10, East Hanover, NJ, 07936, U.S.A
| | - Luis Ramos
- a Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research , 59 Route 10, East Hanover, NJ, 07936, U.S.A
| | - Francis L. S. Tse
- a Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research , 59 Route 10, East Hanover, NJ, 07936, U.S.A
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28
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Hu A, Tsai PJ, Ho YP. Identification of microbial mixtures by capillary electrophoresis/selective tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2007; 77:1488-95. [PMID: 15732935 DOI: 10.1021/ac0484427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new strategy for identifying specific bacteria in bacterial mixtures by using CE-selective MS/MS of peptide marker ions associated with the bacteria of interest. We searched the CE-MS/MS spectra acquired from the proteolytic digests of pure bacterial cell extracts against protein databases. The identified peptides that match the protein associated with the corresponding species were selected as marker ions for bacterial identification. Specific peptide marker ions were obtained for each of the following three pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginasa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. To identify a bacterial species in a sample, we performed CE-MS/MS analysis of the selected marker ions in the proteolytic digest of the cell extract and then performed protein database searches. The selected peptides that we identified correctly from Xcorr values ranking at the top of the search results allowed us to identify the corresponding bacterial species present in the sample. We have applied this method successfully to the identification of various mixtures of the three pathogens. Even minor bacterial species present at a concentration of 1% can be identified with great confidence. This method for CE-MS/MS analysis of bacteria-specific marker peptides provides excellent selectivity and high accuracy when identifying bacterial species in complex systems. In addition, we have used this approach to identify P. aeruginasa in a saliva sample spiked with E.coli and P. aeruginasa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anren Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
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29
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Koseki N, Kawashita H, Hara H, Niina M, Tanaka M, Kawai R, Nagae Y, Masuda N. Development and validation of a method for quantitative determination of valsartan in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:1769-74. [PMID: 17289324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Revised: 12/16/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of valsartan in human plasma was developed and validated. A 0.5 ml aliquot was extracted using solid-phase extraction in an Empore high performance extraction disk plate, universal resin 96-well format. The estimated calibration range of the method was 2-2000 ng/ml. The method was fully validated with intra-day mean accuracy and precision of 94.8-107% and 2.19-5.40% and inter-day mean accuracy and precision of 93.5-105% and 1.87-5.67%, respectively. No significant loss of valsartan in processed samples was confirmed in processed samples for up to 24 h at 10 degrees C. Sample dilution up to 50-fold with blank human plasma provided acceptable analyses. No interference peaks or matrix effects were observed. No effect of QC sample location results was observed in a 96-well plate. This LC-MS/MS technique was found to improve quantitative determination of valsartan allowing its pharmacokinetic evaluation with clinically relevant doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Koseki
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Tsukuba Research Institute, Novartis Pharma K.K., Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan.
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30
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Zhang J, Gage EM, Ji QC, El-Shourbagy TA. A strategy for high-throughput analysis of levosimendan and its metabolites in human plasma samples using sequential negative and positive ionization liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric detection. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:2169-76. [PMID: 17631672 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Levosimendan (Simdax) is an approved drug in approximately 40 countries and currently in phase III clinical studies in the USA and Europe. An accurate, high-throughput and rugged assay is critical to support these clinical trials. Due to the mechanism of drug metabolism, the drug and its active metabolites often have significant differences in their chemical properties. In order to achieve high assay throughput and low sample volumes, a single bioanalytical assay for the drug and its metabolites is preferred. However, this need may prevent the optimization of both high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometric ionization conditions. The chemical properties of levosimendan are significantly different from those of its two active metabolites, OR-1855 and OR-1896. Here, we present a novel strategy for high-throughput analysis of levosimendan and its metabolites. A 96-well liquid/liquid extraction procedure was developed for sample preparation. A single liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) system with two separate mobile phases, shared backwash solvent and conditioning solvent, was developed to perform sequential LC separation for levosimendan and the metabolites. Levosimendan was eluted by 5 mM ammonium acetate in 33.3% acetonitrile and detected using negative ionization mode MS/MS monitoring. The metabolites were eluted by 5 mM ammonium acetate and 0.2% acetic acid in 20% acetonitrile and detected with positive ionization mode MS/MS monitoring. The method has been demonstrated to have excellent precision and accuracy, with high assay ruggedness during method validation and clinical sample analysis. The linear dynamic ranges were approximately 200-50,000 pg/mL for levosimendan and approximately 500-130,000 pg/mL for both metabolites. The coefficient of determination (r2) for all analytes was greater than 0.9985. The intra-assay %CVs for QC samples were from 0.9% to 2.0% for levosimendan, 0.9% to 3.2% for OR-1855, and 0.4% to 4.9% for OR-1896. The inter-assay %CVs for QC samples were from 1.2% to 1.8% for levosimendan, 1.3% to 2.7% for OR-1855, and 1.4% to 3.4% for OR-1896. The mean % biases for QC samples were from 1.5% to 5.5% for levosimendan, -1.4% to 2.6% for OR-1855, and -0.3% to 4.5% for OR-1896. By using a single extraction approach coupled with sequential LC/MS/MS analysis for levosimendan and its metabolites, the assay maintained high throughput and low sample volume usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Drug Analysis, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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31
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Lo AAL, Hu A, Ho YP. Identification of microbial mixtures by LC-selective proteotypic-peptide analysis (SPA). JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2006; 41:1049-60. [PMID: 16888714 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a method--using a combination of LC-MS/MS of selected bacteria-specific peptides and database search--for determining the species of bacteria present in a mixture. We identified the proteotypic peptides that were associated with specific bacteria by searching protein databases for the LC-MS/MS data. The retention time windows for specific peptide markers were used as an extra constraint so that the peptide markers of many bacterial species could be analyzed in a single LC-selective proteotypic-peptide analysis (SPA). We performed LC-MS/MS analyses on the proteolytic digest of cell extracts and monitored only the selected marker peptide ions at given elution time windows. The corresponding bacterial species could be characterized when the selected peptides that eluted at expected elution windows were identified correctly from the database. We managed to identify up to eight bacterial species simultaneously during a single LC-MS/MS analysis, as well as bacteria mixed in various abundances. Two marker ions having similar values of m/z, but obtained from two different bacterial samples, which would otherwise be selected as precursors within mass tolerance and would complicate the MS/MS data, were time-resolved using LC and then used to correctly identify their bacterial sources. The coupling of selective MS/MS monitoring with separation methods, such as LC, provides a highly selective and accurate analytical method for characterizing complex mixtures of bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A-L Lo
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
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32
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Hu A, Chen CT, Tsai PJ, Ho YP. Using Capillary Electrophoresis−Selective Tandem Mass Spectrometry To Identify Pathogens in Clinical Samples. Anal Chem 2006; 78:5124-33. [PMID: 16841938 DOI: 10.1021/ac060513+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of microbial mixtures in complex systems, such as clinical samples, using mass spectrometry can be challenging because the specimens may contain mixtures of several pathogens or both pathogens and nonpathogens. We have successfully applied capillary electrophoresis-selective MS/MS of unique peptide marker ions to the identification of common pathogens in clinical diagnosis. We searched the CE-MS/MS spectra acquired from the proteolytic digests of pure bacterial cell extracts against protein databases. The identified peptides that matched a protein associated with a particular pathogen were selected as marker ions to identify that bacterium in clinical specimens. Thirty-four clinical specimens, obtained from pus, wound, sputum, and urine samples, were analyzed using both biochemical and selective MS/MS methods. The bacteria in these clinical samples were cultivated directly, without prior isolation of a pure colony, before performing the selective MS/MS analyses. The bacteria analyzed included both Gram-positive and -negative strains. The match with respect to the pathogens identified was good between the biochemical and the selective MS/MS methods; the matching rate was 91%. The rate was as high as 97% when not considering two specimens for which the bacteria were not grown successfully. Two of the specimens that we identified using the biochemical method as containing two bacterial species were confirmed also through selective tandem MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anren Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
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33
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Umemura T, Ueki Y, Tsunoda KI, Katakai A, Tamada M, Haraguchi H. Preparation and characterization of methacrylate-based semi-micro monoliths for high-throughput bioanalysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:566-71. [PMID: 16685518 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hexyl methacrylate (HMA)-based monolithic semi-micro columns were prepared by in situ polymerization within the confines of 1.02-mm-i.d. silicosteel tubing for reversed-phase and/or precipitation-redissolution liquid chromatography. Practically useful monolithic columns with adequate separation efficiency, high permeability, and good mechanical strength were successfully obtained using a polymerization mixture comprising 24% hexyl methacrylate (HMA), 6% ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA), 44.5% 1-propanol, and 25.5% 1,4-butanediol. The column performance was evaluated through the separations of a series of alkylbenzenes. At a normal flow rate of 50 microL min(-1), the produced HMA-based monolithic columns typically exhibited 3,000 theoretical plates for a 20-cm-long column, and the pressure drop was generally less than 1 MPa per 20 cm. The monolithic columns were resistant to at least 15 MPa, and could be properly operated at 15-20 times higher flow rate than normal, reducing the separation time to 1/15-1/20. The HMA-based monolithic columns were applied to rapid and efficient separations of proteins such as ribonuclease A, cytochrome c, transferrin, and ovalbumin in the precipitation-redissolution mode. Using a CH(3)CN gradient elution at a flow rate of 1,000 microL min(-1), four proteins were baseline separated within 20 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Umemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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34
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Trontelj J, Vovk T, Bogataj M, Mrhar A. HPLC analysis of raloxifene hydrochloride and its application to drug quality control studies. Pharmacol Res 2006; 52:334-9. [PMID: 15979892 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2005.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Revised: 04/22/2005] [Accepted: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Raloxifene hydrochloride is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and is currently being used for prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. In this article, a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for detection of raloxifene hydrochloride was developed and validated using an ultraviolet (UV) and coulometric detectors. Limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.336 and 0.610 mg L(-1) for coulometric and ultraviolet detectors, respectively. Acceptable accuracy (93.1-100.3%) as well as intra- and inter-day precision (CV<or=2.38% and CV<or=7.93%, respectively) was demonstrated in the range of 0.5-10 mg L(-1) for both detectors. The presented method was applied without any interference of excipients to the determination of raloxifene hydrochloride content in tablets and to the in vitro dissolution studies. The proposed method could be used for routine quality control. Moreover, due to its low LOQ, excellent accuracy, precision and selectivity, the coulometric detection could be applied to in vitro metabolism experiments such as microsome or hepatocyte preparations and for studies of transport of raloxifene hydrochloride across biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurij Trontelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
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35
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Naxing Xu R, Fan L, Kim GE, El-Shourbagy TA. A monolithic-phase based on-line extraction approach for determination of pharmaceutical components in human plasma by HPLC–MS/MS and a comparison with liquid–liquid extraction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 40:728-36. [PMID: 16289933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Revised: 09/29/2005] [Accepted: 10/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An automated procedure using monolithic-phase based on-line extraction is described for pharmaceutical component analysis in plasma by LC-MS/MS. In this approach, a short monolithic C(18) 4.6 mm x 10 mm cartridge is used for high flow extraction at 4 mL/min. Plasma samples were subjected to protein precipitation first with acetonitrile, and the supernatant was diluted and loaded onto a monolithic cartridge. Sample elution was accomplished with narrow-bore LC-MS/MS system. A method for determination of Amprenavir (APV) and Atazanavir (AZV) in human plasma was developed with this approach. After 0.1 mL of plasma was transferred into each well of a 96-well plate by a liquid handler, the rest of sample preparation time typically only takes about 20 min. A Phenomenex Luna C18(2) 2.0 mm x 150 mm analytical column was used for the separation at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The run time for each sample was 4 min. The standard curve range was 2.77-1520 ng/mL for Atazanavir, and 4.50-2560 ng/mL for Amprenavir. The accuracy (%bias) at the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) for Atazanavir was 2.7% and the precision (%CV) at the LLOQ was 7.9%, while the accuracy at LLOQ for Amprenavir was -1.3% and the precision at LLOQ was 7.8%. The inter-day %bias and %CV of the quality control samples of Atazanavir were < or = 4.5% and < or = 6.5%, respectively. The inter-day %bias and %CV of the quality control samples of Amprenavir were < or = 1.1% and < or = 7.2%, respectively. Coefficients of determination, a measure of linearity, ranged from 0.993 to 0.999. Very low carry-over (0.006%) even after high standard sample was demonstrated in the monolithic-phase based method. Other characteristics of such method include high recovery and good tolerance to matrix effect, which was demonstrated by 12 lots of plasma. The back pressure of the monolithic extraction cartridge remained the same after 450 samples injected. The performance of the monolithic-phased on-line extraction method was compared with that done by an automated 96-well liquid-liquid extraction procedure, which was carried out using hexane:ethyl acetate as the extraction solvent. The results showed that similar precision and accuracy were achieved by both methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Naxing Xu
- Abbott Laboratories, Department of Drug Analysis, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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36
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Rodila RC, Kim JC, Ji QC, El-Shourbagy TA. A high-throughput, fully automated liquid/liquid extraction liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of a new investigational drug ABT-869 and its metabolite A-849529 in human plasma samples. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:3067-75. [PMID: 16969771 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
ABT-869 is a novel ATP-competitive inhibitor for all the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). It is one of the oncology drugs in development at Abbott Laboratories and has great potential for enhanced anti-tumor efficacy as well as activity in a broad range of human cancers. We report here an accurate, precise and rugged liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) assay for the quantitative measurement of ABT-869 and its acid metabolite A-849529. A fully automated 96-well liquid/liquid extraction method was achieved utilizing a Hamilton liquid handler. The only manual intervention required prior to LC/MS/MS injection is to transfer the 96-well plate to a drying rack to dry the extracts then transfer the plate back to the Hamilton for robotic reconstitution. The linear dynamic ranges were from 1.1 to 598.8 ng/mL for ABT-869 and from 1.1 to 605.8 ng/mL for A-849529. The coefficient of determination (r2) for all analytes was greater than 0.9995. For the drug ABT-869, the intra-assay coefficient of variance (CV) was between 0.4% and 3.7% and the inter-assay CV was between 0.9% and 2.8%. The inter-assay mean accuracy, expressed as percent of theoretical, was between 96.8% and 102.2%. For the metabolite A-849529, the intra-assay CV was between 0.5% and 5.1% and the inter-assay CV was between 0.8% and 4.9%. The inter-assay mean accuracy, expressed as percent of theoretical, was between 96.9% and 100.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona C Rodila
- Department of Drug Analysis, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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37
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Stokvis E, Rosing H, Beijnen JH. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the quantitative bioanalysis of anticancer drugs. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2005; 24:887-917. [PMID: 15599948 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring of anticancer drugs in biological fluids and tissues is important during both pre-clinical and clinical development and often in routine clinical use. Traditionally, liquid chromatography (LC) in combination with ultraviolet (UV), fluorescence, or electrochemical detection is employed for this purpose. The successful hyphenation of LC and mass spectrometry (MS), however, has dramatically changed this. MS detection provides better sensitivity and selectivity than UV detection and, in addition, is applicable to a significantly larger group of compounds than fluorescence or electrochemical detection. Therefore, LC-MS has now become the method of first choice for the quantitative bioanalysis of many anticancer agents. There are still, however, a lot of new developments to be expected in this area, such as the introduction of more sensitive and robust mass spectrometers, high-throughput analyses, and further optimization of the coupled LC systems. Many articles have appeared in this field in recent years and are reviewed here. We conclude that LC-MS is an extremely powerful tool for the quantitative analysis of anticancer drugs in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Stokvis
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Slotervaart Hospital, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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38
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Gjerde J, Kisanga ER, Hauglid M, Holm PI, Mellgren G, Lien EA. Identification and quantification of tamoxifen and four metabolites in serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1082:6-14. [PMID: 16038189 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a method for the determination of tamoxifen (tam) and its metabolites 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHtam), N-demethyltamoxifen (NDtam), N-dedimethyltamoxifen (NDDtam), tamoxifen-N-oxide (tamNox), and 4-hydroxy-N-demethyltamoxifen (4OHNDtam) in 50 microl human serum. Serum proteins were precipitated with acetonitrile. Deuterated-tamoxifen (D5 tam) was added as internal standard. Sample supernatant was injected into an on-line reversed-phase extraction column coupled with a C18 analytical column and analytes were detected by tandem mass spectrometry. The lower limits of quantification were 0.25 ng/mL for 4OHtam, NDtam and tam, 1.0 ng/mL for NDDtam and tamNox. Ranges of within- and between-day variation were 2.9-15.4% and 4.4-12.9%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gjerde
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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39
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Viktorova EN, Korolev AA, Kurganov AA. Analysis of a copolymer of methacrylic acid and butyl methacrylate using combined chromatographic techniques. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/pl00021921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Analysis of a copolymer of methacrylic acid and butyl methacrylate using combined chromatographic techniques. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10809-005-0048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Viktorova EN, Korolev AA, Kurganov AA. Analysis of a copolymer of methacrylic acid and butyl methacrylate using combined chromatographic techniques. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10809-005-0011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Dunn-Meynell KW, Wainhaus S, Korfmacher WA. Optimizing an ultrafast generic high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for faster discovery pharmacokinetic sample throughput. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:2905-10. [PMID: 16167360 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
For higher throughput screening, where the number of new chemical entities (NCEs) to test is rapidly increasing, fast sample turnaround time is essential. In order to increase efficiency a generic high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) method, with a cycle time of 85 s (42 injections/h), was created. This was accomplished through the use of a 1-min ballistic gradient and the optimization of the autosampler. The gradient was optimized by varying the organic mobile phase concentration and examining its ballistic characteristics with respect to matrix ion suppression and compound retention time. The autosampler time could be reduced by optimizing several parameters and by determining the source of most of the carryover in order to reduce the number of syringe and injector washes. Finally, the reliability of the new generic method is demonstrated by comparison of sample data with a standard 2-min linear gradient method that showed that the data sets were well correlated. For plasma AUC (ng.h/mL) of 28 NCEs, the regression line had a slope of 0.92 and the R2 was 0.929. The described method was found to be useful for both rat plasma and tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly W Dunn-Meynell
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, K15-2-2945, Kenilworth, NJ 07033-0539, USA.
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Asano KG, Ford MJ, Tomkins BA, Van Berkel GJ. Self-aspirating atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source for direct sampling of analytes on surfaces and in liquid solutions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:2305-12. [PMID: 16021617 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A self-aspirating heated nebulizer probe is described and demonstrated for use in the direct analysis of analytes on surfaces and in liquid samples by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry. Functionality and performance of the probe as a self-aspirating APCI source is demonstrated using reserpine and progesterone as test compounds. The utility of the probe to sample analytes directly from surfaces was demonstrated first by scanning development lanes of a reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography plate in which a three-component dye mixture, viz., Fat Red 7B, Solvent Green 3, and Solvent Blue 35, was spotted and the components were separated. Development lanes were scanned by the sampling probe operated under computer control (x, y plane) while full-scan mass spectra were recorded using a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. In addition, the ability to sample the surface of pharmaceutical tablets (viz., Extra Strength Tylenol and Evista tablets) and to detect the active ingredients (acetaminophen and raloxifene, respectively) selectively was demonstrated using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Finally, the capability to sample analyte solutions from the wells of a 384-well microtiter plate and to perform quantitative analyses using MS/MS detection was illustrated with cotinine standards spiked with cotinine-d3 as an internal standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji G Asano
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6131, USA
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Borges V, Henion J. Determination of pharmaceutical compounds in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:415-423. [PMID: 15645514 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Standard solutions of reserpine, dextromethorphan, imipramine and amitriptyline in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DMSO containing 0.1% formic acid, and DMSO/H(2)O (1:1, v/v) containing 0.1% formic acid were analyzed by positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). A triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a TurboIonspray (TIS) interface was used for the ESI-MS analyses. The samples dissolved in the respective DMSO solution were infused directly into the mass spectrometer at 10 microL/min using an infusion pump. The positive Q1 full-scan (m/z 50-650) mass spectrum of DMSO (MW = 78) showed three main peaks at m/z 79, 101 and 179, corresponding to the protonated molecule [DMSO+H](+), and the sodiated adducts [DMSO+Na](+) and [2DMSO+Na](+), respectively. The ESI of the compounds in DMSO and DMSO containing 0.1% formic acid was promoted by using the TIS gas (GS2) combined with the nebulizer gas (GS1), and TIS source temperature set to 250 degrees C. In contrast, samples dissolved in DMSO/H(2)O (1:1, v/v) containing 0.1% formic were sprayed at a lower temperature (100 degrees C) using only the nebulizer gas. The TIS voltage (V) was optimized in order to establish the lowest voltage necessary to achieve optimum ESI of each pharmaceutical compound with the voltage maintained below the onset potential required to produce a corona discharge at the TIS probe (sprayer). Detection limits of 10 ng/mL were achieved for reserpine, dextromethorphan, imipramine and amitriptyline in each solvent composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Borges
- Analytical Toxicology, New York College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 925 Warren Drive, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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Zhou S, Zhou H, Larson M, Miller DL, Mao D, Jiang X, Naidong W. High-throughput biological sample analysis using on-line turbulent flow extraction combined with monolithic column liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:2144-50. [PMID: 15988727 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method, which combines on-line sample extraction through turbulent flow chromatography with a monolithic column separation, has been developed for direct injection analysis of drugs and metabolites in human plasma samples. By coupling a monolithic column into the system as the analytical column, the method enables running 'dual-column' extraction and chromatography at higher flow rates, thus significantly reducing the time required for the transfer and mixing of extracted fraction onto the separation column as well as the time for gradient separation. A strategy of assessing and reducing the matrix suppression effect on the on-line extraction LC/MS/MS has also been discussed. Experiments for evaluating the resolution, peak shape, sensitivity, speed, and matrix effect were conducted with dextromethorphan and its metabolite dextrorphan as model compounds in human plasma matrix. It was demonstrated that the total run time for this assay with a baseline separation of two analytes is less than 1.5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolian Zhou
- DMPK-Bioanalytical Chemistry Department, Covance Laboratories Inc., Madison, WI 53704, USA.
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Zhang MY, Kerns E, McConnell O, Sonnenberg-Reines J, Zaleska MM, Steven Jacobsen J, Butera J, Kreft A. Brain and plasma exposure profiling in early drug discovery using cassette administration and fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 34:359-68. [PMID: 15013150 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2002] [Revised: 06/06/2003] [Accepted: 09/02/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A method using reverse phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and cassette administration was developed for in vivo brain and plasma exposure profiling to assist early CNS drug discovery programs. Three to four compounds were grouped in cassettes for dosing and analysis. Compounds in the cassettes were selected to minimize possible analytical interference from each other, as well as from their potential metabolites. In order to improve the confidence of cassette administration, an analogue of the study compounds, with well-established brain penetration data, was included in each cassette as a "biological internal standard". Compounds were administered to rats by intraperitoneal injection and extracted from plasma or brain homogenate by simple protein precipitation. Fast chromatographic separation was achieved by using a short narrow-bore column at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min with a fast gradient. The brain penetration of the compounds was evaluated by comparing their C(max) and AUC values in brain and plasma. This approach rapidly provided early brain penetration and plasma exposure information, thus making more of this data available to teams. Comparing the brain exposures to the EC(50) values (i.e. in vitro potency) of series compounds in the same discovery program provided another dimension of information to select lead compounds for future in vivo assessment. The method described here has been used for providing early brain penetration information in several CNS exploratory and discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yi Zhang
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, CN8000, Princeton, NJ 08543-8000, USA.
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Xu N, Kim GE, Gregg H, Wagdy A, Swaine BA, Chang MS, El-Shourbagy TA. Automated 96-well liquid–liquid back extraction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of ABT-202 in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 36:189-95. [PMID: 15351065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2004] [Revised: 05/14/2004] [Accepted: 05/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughput bioanalytical method using automated sample transferring, automated liquid-liquid back extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed in a GLP regulated environment for the determination of ABT-202 in human plasma. Samples of 0.30 ml were transferred into 96-well plate using an automatic liquid handler. Automated liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was carried out on a 96-channel programmable liquid handling workstation using methyl tert-butyl ether as the extraction solvent. A dual-HPLC with single mass spectrometer configuration was utilized to provide a reliable and routine means to increase sample throughput. The standard curve range was 0.38-95.02 ng/ml. There was no interference from endogenous components in the blank plasma tested. The accuracy (% bias) at the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 7.7% and the precision (% CV) for samples at the LLOQ was 4.7%. The inter-day % CV and % bias of the quality control samples were < or = 6.8 and < or = 7.6%, respectively. Coefficients of determination, a measure of linearity, ranged from 0.994 to 0.997. The method was accurate and reproducible and was successfully applied to generate plasma concentration-time profiles for human subjects after low oral doses of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naxing Xu
- Abbott Laboratories, Department of Clinical Drug Analysis, Dept. R46W, Bldg. AP13A-2, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6126, USA.
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Ji QC, Todd Reimer M, El-Shourbagy TA. 96-Well liquid–liquid extraction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative determination of ABT-578 in human blood samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 805:67-75. [PMID: 15113541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2003] [Revised: 01/19/2004] [Accepted: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We report here a quantitative method for the analysis of ABT-578 in human whole blood samples. Sample preparation was achieved by a semi-automated 96-well format liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method. Aluminum/polypropylene heat seal foil was used to enclose each well of the 96-well plate for the liquid-liquid extraction. A liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method with pre-column regeneration was developed for the analysis of sample extracts. Selective reaction monitoring (SRM) of the mass transitions m/z 983-935 and m/z 931-883 was employed for the detection of ABT-578 and internal standard, respectively. The ammonium adduct ions [M + NH(4)](+) generated from electrospray ionization were monitored as the precursor ions. The assay was validated for a linear dynamic range of 0.20-200.75ng/ml. The correlation coefficient (r) was between 0.9959 and 0.9971. The intra-assay CV (%) was between 1.9 and 13.5% and the inter-assay CV (%) was between 4.7 and 11.3%. The inter-assay mean accuracy was between 86.4 and 102.5% of the theoretical concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin C Ji
- Abbott Laboratories, Department of Drug Analysis, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6126, USA.
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Berna MJ, Ackermann BL, Murphy AT. High-throughput chromatographic approaches to liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric bioanalysis to support drug discovery and development. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pérez-Ruiz T, Martínez-Lozano C, Sanz A, Bravo E. Development and validation of a quantitative assay for raloxifene by capillary electrophoresis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 34:891-7. [PMID: 15019023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2003.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2003] [Revised: 12/11/2003] [Accepted: 12/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The migration behavior of raloxifene was investigated by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The influence of different parameters (nature and concentration of the running buffer, pH and applied voltage) on migration time, peak symmetry and efficiency was systematically investigated. A buffer consisting of 20mM acetate buffer of pH 4.5 was found to provide a very efficient and stable electrophoretic system for the analysis of raloxifene. The optimized method was validated with respect to precision, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, accuracy and robustness. The applicability of the assay was demonstrated by analyzing this drug in human plasma and pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Pérez-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
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