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Quoie Jr GDS, Jiao M, Lászlód K, Wang Y. Progress Made in Non-Metallic-Doped Materials for Electrocatalytic Reduction in Ammonia Production. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2419. [PMID: 38793485 PMCID: PMC11122855 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic production of ammonia has garnered considerable interest as a potentially sustainable technology for ammonia synthesis. Recently, non-metallic-doped materials have emerged as promising electrochemical catalysts for this purpose. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest research on non-metallic-doped materials for electrocatalytic ammonia production. Researchers have engineered a variety of materials, doped with non-metals such as nitrogen (N), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), into different forms and structures to enhance their electrocatalytic activity and selectivity. A comparison among different non-metallic dopants reveals their distinct effects on the electrocatalytic performance for ammonia production. For instance, N-doping has shown enhanced activity owing to the introduction of nitrogen vacancies (NVs) and improved charge transfer kinetics. B-doping has demonstrated improved selectivity and stability, which is attributed to the formation of active sites and the suppression of competing reactions. P-doping has exhibited increased ammonia generation rates and Faradaic efficiencies, likely due to the modification of the electronic structure and surface properties. S-doping has shown potential for enhancing electrocatalytic performance, although further investigations are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. These comparisons provide valuable insights for researchers to conduct in-depth studies focusing on specific non-metallic dopants, exploring their unique properties, and optimizing their performance for electrocatalytic ammonia production. However, we consider it a priority to provide insight into the recent progress made in non-metal-doped materials and their potential for enabling long-term and efficient electrochemical ammonia production. Additionally, this paper discusses the synthetic procedures used to produce non-metal-doped materials and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each method. It also provides an in-depth analysis of the electrochemical performance of these materials, including their Faradaic efficiencies, ammonia yield rate, and selectivity. It examines the challenges and prospects of developing non-metallic-doped materials for electrocatalytic ammonia production and suggests future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald D. S. Quoie Jr
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (G.D.S.Q.J.); (M.J.)
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mingshuo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (G.D.S.Q.J.); (M.J.)
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Krisztina Lászlód
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (G.D.S.Q.J.); (M.J.)
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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Li Q, Yan F, Texter J. Polymerized and Colloidal Ionic Liquids─Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3813-3931. [PMID: 38512224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The breadth and importance of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are steadily expanding, and this review updates advances and trends in syntheses, properties, and applications over the past five to six years. We begin with an historical overview of the genesis and growth of the PIL field as a subset of materials science. The genesis of ionic liquids (ILs) over nano to meso length-scales exhibiting 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D topologies defines colloidal ionic liquids, CILs, which compose a subclass of PILs and provide a synthetic bridge between IL monomers (ILMs) and micro to macro-scale PIL materials. The second focus of this review addresses design and syntheses of ILMs and their polymerization reactions to yield PILs and PIL-based materials. A burgeoning diversity of ILMs reflects increasing use of nonimidazolium nuclei and an expanding use of step-growth chemistries in synthesizing PIL materials. Radical chain polymerization remains a primary method of making PILs and reflects an increasing use of controlled polymerization methods. Step-growth chemistries used in creating some CILs utilize extensive cross-linking. This cross-linking is enabled by incorporating reactive functionalities in CILs and PILs, and some of these CILs and PILs may be viewed as exotic cross-linking agents. The third part of this update focuses upon some advances in key properties, including molecular weight, thermal properties, rheology, ion transport, self-healing, and stimuli-responsiveness. Glass transitions, critical solution temperatures, and liquidity are key thermal properties that tie to PIL rheology and viscoelasticity. These properties in turn modulate mechanical properties and ion transport, which are foundational in increasing applications of PILs. Cross-linking in gelation and ionogels and reversible step-growth chemistries are essential for self-healing PILs. Stimuli-responsiveness distinguishes PILs from many other classes of polymers, and it emphasizes the importance of segmentally controlling and tuning solvation in CILs and PILs. The fourth part of this review addresses development of applications, and the diverse scope of such applications supports the increasing importance of PILs in materials science. Adhesion applications are supported by ionogel properties, especially cross-linking and solvation tunable interactions with adjacent phases. Antimicrobial and antifouling applications are consequences of the cationic nature of PILs. Similarly, emulsion and dispersion applications rely on tunable solvation of functional groups and on how such groups interact with continuous phases and substrates. Catalysis is another significant application, and this is an historical tie between ILs and PILs. This component also provides a connection to diverse and porous carbon phases templated by PILs that are catalysts or serve as supports for catalysts. Devices, including sensors and actuators, also rely on solvation tuning and stimuli-responsiveness that include photo and electrochemical stimuli. We conclude our view of applications with 3D printing. The largest components of these applications are energy related and include developments for supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. We conclude with our vision of how PIL development will evolve over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - John Texter
- Strider Research Corporation, Rochester, New York 14610-2246, United States
- School of Engineering, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197, United States
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Abstract
Porous organic cages (POCs) are a relatively new class of low-density crystalline materials that have emerged as a versatile platform for investigating molecular recognition, gas storage and separation, and proton conduction, with potential applications in the fields of porous liquids, highly permeable membranes, heterogeneous catalysis, and microreactors. In common with highly extended porous structures, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and porous organic polymers (POPs), POCs possess all of the advantages of highly specific surface areas, porosities, open pore channels, and tunable structures. In addition, they have discrete molecular structures and exhibit good to excellent solubilities in common solvents, enabling their solution dispersibility and processability─properties that are not readily available in the case of the well-established, insoluble, extended porous frameworks. Here, we present a critical review summarizing in detail recent progress and breakthroughs─especially during the past five years─of all the POCs while taking a close look at their strategic design, precise synthesis, including both irreversible bond-forming chemistry and dynamic covalent chemistry, advanced characterization, and diverse applications. We highlight representative POC examples in an attempt to gain some understanding of their structure-function relationships. We also discuss future challenges and opportunities in the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of POCs. We anticipate that this review will be useful to researchers working in this field when it comes to designing and developing new POCs with desired functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Yang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zakir Ullah
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Cafer T Yavuz
- Oxide & Organic Nanomaterials for Energy & Environment Laboratory, Physical Science & Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, PSE, KAUST, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Catalysis Center, PSE, KAUST, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Pan M, Li J, Pan B. Identifying the Active Sites of Heteroatom Graphene as a Conductive Membrane for the Electrochemical Filtration of Organic Contaminants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314967. [PMID: 36499294 PMCID: PMC9739727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopants of sulfur, nitrogen, or both, serving as the active sites, into the graphitic framework of graphene is an efficient strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of electrochemical membrane filtration. However, the covalent bonds between the doped atoms and the substrate that form different functional groups have a significant role in the specific activity for pollutant degradation. Herein, we found that the singly doped heteroatom graphene (NG and SG) achieved superior removal efficiency of pollutants as compared with that of the double doped heteroatom graphene (SNG). Mechanism studies showed that the doped N of NG presented as graphitic N and substantially increased electron transfer, whereas the doped S of SG posed as -C-SOx-C- provided more adsorption sites to improve electrochemical performance. However, in the case of SNG, the co-doped S and N cannot form the efficient graphitic N and -C-SOx-C- for electrochemical degradation, resulting in a low degradation efficiency. Through the fundamental insights into the bonding of the doped heteroatom on graphene, this work furnishes further directives for the design of desirable heteroatom graphene for membrane filtration.
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Degradation of phenolic pollutants by persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes: metal and carbon-based catalysis. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2022-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Wastewater recycling is a solution to address the global water shortage. Phenols are major pollutants in wastewater, and they are toxic even at very low concentrations. Advanced oxidation process (AOP) is an emerging technique for the effective degradation and mineralization of phenols into water. Herein, we aim at giving an insight into the current state of the art in persulfate-based AOP for the oxidation of phenols using metal/metal-oxide and carbon-based materials. Special attention has been paid to the design strategies of high-performance catalysts, and their advantages and drawbacks are discussed. Finally, the key challenges that govern the implementation of persulfate-based AOP catalysts in water purification, in terms of cost and environmental friendliness, are summarized and possible solutions are proposed. This work is expected to help the selection of the optimal strategy for treating phenol emissions in real scenarios.
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Priya AK, Gnanasekaran L, Kumar PS, Jalil AA, Hoang TKA, Rajendran S, Soto-Moscoso M, Balakrishnan D. Recent trends and advancements in nanoporous membranes for water purification. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135205. [PMID: 35667502 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When it comes to electrocatalysis, the creation of nanodevices, the research of energy and the environment, and diagnostics, nanoporous materials are an asset. Nanoporous membranes, which can be used to filter water, have recently been the subject of new research and are summarized in this review. These membranes are used to remove salts and metallic ions from the water following an analysis of several nanoporous membrane types and production procedures. Demonstrations and discussions of these membrane systems are then conducted. Nanoporous membranes can be used to filter water, according to the conclusions of this study, which will help readers better grasp how they work. As a result, novel water purification nanoporous compounds that are easy to manufacture, inexpensive, and effective will be developed. Merits and demerits of nanoporous membrane for water treatment and its advancements in purification were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Priya
- Department of Civil Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641027, India
| | - Lalitha Gnanasekaran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile; Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, 60210, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | - A A Jalil
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Tuan K A Hoang
- Centre of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage, Hydro-Québec, 1806, Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile.
| | | | - Deepanraj Balakrishnan
- College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia
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Lu Q, Eid K, Li W. Heteroatom-Doped Porous Carbon-Based Nanostructures for Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2379. [PMID: 35889603 PMCID: PMC9316151 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The continual rise of the CO2 concentration in the Earth's atmosphere is the foremost reason for environmental concerns such as global warming, ocean acidification, rising sea levels, and the extinction of various species. The electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) is a promising green and efficient approach for converting CO2 to high-value-added products such as alcohols, acids, and chemicals. Developing efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts is the main barrier to scaling up CO2RR for large-scale applications. Heteroatom-doped porous carbon-based (HA-PCs) catalysts are deemed as green, efficient, low-cost, and durable electrocatalysts for the CO2RR due to their great physiochemical and catalytic merits (i.e., great surface area, electrical conductivity, rich electrical density, active sites, inferior H2 evolution activity, tailorable structures, and chemical-physical-thermal stability). They are also easily synthesized in a high yield from inexpensive and earth-abundant resources that meet sustainability and large-scale requirements. This review emphasizes the rational synthesis of HA-PCs for the CO2RR rooting from the engineering methods of HA-PCs to the effect of mono, binary, and ternary dopants (i.e., N, S, F, or B) on the CO2RR activity and durability. The effect of CO2 on the environment and human health, in addition to the recent advances in CO2RR fundamental pathways and mechanisms, are also discussed. Finally, the evolving challenges and future perspectives on the development of heteroatom-doped porous carbon-based nanocatalysts for the CO2RR are underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Lu
- Engineering & Technology Center of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Q.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Kamel Eid
- Gas Processing Center (GPC), College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Wenpeng Li
- Engineering & Technology Center of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Q.L.); (W.L.)
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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8
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Song S, Li Q, Zhang L, Wang Y, Liu X. Imidazolium ionic Liquid-Regulated Sub-5-nm Pt(111) with a stable configuration anchored on hollow carbon nanoshells for efficient oxygen reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:177-191. [PMID: 34390988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Here, N-doped hollow carbon sphere (NHCS)-supported (111)-plane-engineered sub-5-nm Pt (Pt-NHCS) catalysts regulated precisely by imidazolium ionic liquids were synthesized successfully and used to catalyze oxygen reduction. The (111)-plane engineered Pt nanocrystals with a diameter of 4.5 ± 0.5 nm were homogeneously deposited on the 3-dimensional spherical nanoshells. The resulting Pt nanocrystals anchored on the carbon skeleton exhibit a stable configuration in both alkaline and acid electrolytes with the help of imidazolium cations and pyrolysis. Among all as-prepared catalysts, the optimized Pt-NHCS shows remarkable long-term durability. Specifically, Pt-NHCS maintains 95.3% of the original current density after 10,000 potential cycles, while Pt/C benchmarks exhibit a retention of 78.5%. Accelerated durability test results indicate that Pt-NHCS exhibits a high efficiency of 96 % in comparison with initial current density, while a value of 86% for Pt/C. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that reactive Pt(111) planes with well-defined Schottky defects and vacancies adsorb and activate oxygen molecule rapidly while desorbing the reaction intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lifang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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9
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Khorsand Kheirabad A, Pan X, Long S, Kochovski Z, Zhou S, Lu Y, McInerney G, Yuan J. Colloidal dispersion of poly(ionic liquid)/Cu composite particles for protective surface coating against SAR-CoV-2. NANO SELECT 2022; 3:227-232. [PMID: 34485979 PMCID: PMC8242609 DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a waterproof anti-SARS-CoV-2 protective film prepared by spray-coating of an aqueous colloidal dispersion of poly(ionic liquid)/copper (PIL/Cu) composite nanoparticles onto a substrate. The PIL dispersion was prepared by suspension polymerization of 3-dodecyl-1-vinylimdiazolium bromide in water at 70°C. The copper acetate salt was added into the PIL nanoparticle dispersion and in situ reduced into copper nanoparticles anchoring onto the PIL nanoparticles. Despite being waterborne, the PIL in bulk is intrinsically insoluble in water and the formed coating is stable in water. The formed surface coating by PIL/copper composite nanoparticles was able to deactivate SARS-CoV-2 virions by 90.0% in 30 minutes and thus may effectively prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through surface contact. This method may provide waterborne dispersions for a broad range of antivirus protective surface coatings for both outdoor and indoor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuefeng Pan
- Department for Electrochemical Energy StorageHelmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieHahn‐Meitner‐Platz 1BerlinGermany
| | - Siwen Long
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Zdravko Kochovski
- Department for Electrochemical Energy StorageHelmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieHahn‐Meitner‐Platz 1BerlinGermany
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK)Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Yan Lu
- Department for Electrochemical Energy StorageHelmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieHahn‐Meitner‐Platz 1BerlinGermany
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Gerald McInerney
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK)Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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Saeedi Garakani S, Xie D, Kheirabad AK, Lu Y, Yuan J. Template-synthesis of a poly(ionic liquid)-derived Fe 1-x S/nitrogen-doped porous carbon membrane and its electrode application in lithium-sulfur batteries. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2021; 2:5203-5212. [PMID: 34382003 PMCID: PMC8328078 DOI: 10.1039/d1ma00441g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with the facile synthesis of Fe1-x S nanoparticle-containing nitrogen-doped porous carbon membranes (denoted as Fe1-x S/N-PCMs) via vacuum carbonization of hybrid porous poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) membranes, and their successful use as a sulfur host material to mitigate the shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. The hybrid porous PIL membranes as the sacrificial template were prepared via ionic crosslinking of a cationic PIL with base-neutralized 1,1'-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid, so that the iron source was molecularly incorporated into the template. The carbonization process was investigated in detail at different temperatures, and the chemical and porous structures of the carbon products were comprehensively analyzed. The Fe1-x S/N-PCMs prepared at 900 °C have a multimodal pore size distribution with a satisfactorily high surface area and well-dispersed iron sulfide nanoparticles to physically and chemically confine the LiPSs. The sulfur/Fe1-x S/N-PCM composites were then tested as electrodes in Li-S batteries, showing much improved capacity, rate performance and cycle stability, in comparison to iron sulfide-free, nitrogen-doped porous carbon membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Saeedi Garakani
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden
| | - Dongjiu Xie
- Department for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Hahn-Meitner Platz 1 Berlin 14109 Germany
| | | | - Yan Lu
- Department for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Hahn-Meitner Platz 1 Berlin 14109 Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden
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11
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Khorsand Kheirabad A, Saeedi Garakani S, Tan L, Yuan J. Ferrocene-Containing Porous Poly(Ionic Liquid) Membranes: Synthesis and Application as Sacrificial Template for Porous Iron Oxide Films. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100077. [PMID: 34061421 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the fabrication of iron-containing porous polyelectrolyte membranes (PPMs) via ionic complexation between an imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) and 1,1-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid is reported. The key parameters to control the microstructure of porous hybrid membranes are investigated in detail. Further aerobic pyrolysis of such porous hybrid membranes at 900 °C can transfer the ferrocene-containing PPMs into freestanding porous iron oxide films. This process points out a sacrificial template function of porous poly(ionic liquid) membranes in the fabrication of porous metal oxide films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Khorsand Kheirabad
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Sadaf Saeedi Garakani
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Liangxiao Tan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
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12
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Chang J, Zhang M, Zhao Q, Qu L, Yuan J. Ultratough and ultrastrong graphene oxide hybrid films via a polycationitrile approach. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:341-347. [PMID: 33660723 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a classic two dimensional (2D) building block that can be used to develop high-performance materials for numerous applications, particularly in the energy and environmental fields. Currently, the precise assembly of GO nanosheets into macroscopic nanohybrids of superior strength and toughness is desirable, and faces challenges and trade-offs. Herein, we exploited the freshly established polycationitrile method as a powerful molecular crosslinking strategy to engineer ultratough and ultrastrong GO/polymer hybrid films, in which a covalent triazine-based network was constructed in a mild condition to reinforce the interface between GO nanosheets. The tensile strength and toughness reached 585 ± 25 MPa and 14.93 ± 1.09 MJ m-3, respectively, which, to the best of our knowledge, are the current world records in all GO-based hybrid films. As an added merit of the tailor-made polymer crosslinker, the high mechanical performance can be maintained in large part at an extremely high relative humidity of 98%. This emerging interface-engineering approach paves a new avenue to produce integrated strong-and-tough 2D nanohybrid materials that are useful in aerospace, artificial muscle, energy harvesting, tissue engineering and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden.
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Cao W, Tan L, Wang H, Yuan J. Dual-Cationic Poly(ionic liquid)s Carrying 1,2,4-Triazolium and Imidazolium Moieties: Synthesis and Formation of a Single-Component Porous Membrane. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:161-166. [PMID: 33489467 PMCID: PMC7818656 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Both imidazolium and 1,2,4-triazolium cations are important functional moieties widely incorporated as building blocks in poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs). In a classical model, a PIL usually contains either imidazolium or 1,2,4-triazolium in its repeating unit. Herein, via exploiting the slight reactivity difference of alkyl bromide with imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole at room temperature, we synthesized dual-cationic PIL homopolymers carrying both imidazolium and 1,2,4-triazolium moieties in the same repeating unit, that is, an asymmetrically dicationic unit. We investigated their fundamental properties, for example, thermal stability and solubility, as well as their unique function in forming supramolecular porous membranes via a water-initiated phase-separation and cross-linking process. With such knowledge, we identified a water-based fabricate strategy toward air-stable porous membranes from single-component PILs. This study will enrich the design tools and chemical structure library of PILs and expand their application spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Liangxiao Tan
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Hong Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education),
Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
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