1
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Dean AC, Randle EH, Lacey AJD, Marczak Giorio GA, Doobary S, Cons BD, Lennox AJJ. Alkene 1,3-Difluorination via Transient Oxonium Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404666. [PMID: 38695434 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The 1,3-difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes is an under-explored transformation that leads to moieties that are otherwise challenging to prepare. Herein, we report a hypervalent iodine-mediated 1,3-difluorination of homoallylic (aryl) ethers to give unreported 1,3-difluoro-4-oxy groups with moderate to excellent diastereoselectivity. The transformation proceeds through a different mode of reactivity for 1,3-difunctionalization, in which a regioselective addition of fluoride opens a transiently formed oxonium intermediate to rearrange an alkyl chain. The optimized protocol is scalable and shown to proceed well with a variety of functional groups and substitution on the alkenyl chain, hence providing ready access to this fluorinated, conformationally controlled moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Dean
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - E Harvey Randle
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Andrew J D Lacey
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | | - Sayad Doobary
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Benjamin D Cons
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
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2
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Qiao B, Lin FY, Fu D, Li SJ, Zhang T, Lan Y. Mechanistic insights into facilitating reductive elimination from Ni(II) species. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39005163 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02667e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Reductive elimination is a key step in Ni-catalysed cross-couplings, which is often considered to result in new covalent bonds. Due to the weak oxidizing ability of Ni(II) species, reductive eliminations from Ni(II) centers are challenging. A thorough mechanistic understanding of this process could inspire the rational design of Ni-catalysed coupling reactions. In this article, we give an overview of recent advances in the mechanistic study of reductive elimination from Ni(II) species achieved by our group. Three possible models for reductive elimination from Ni(II) species were investigated and discussed, including direct reductive elimination, electron density-controlled reductive elimination, and oxidation-induced reductive elimination. Notably, the direct reductive elimination from Ni(II) species often requires a high activation energy in some cases. In contrast, the electron density-controlled and oxidation-induced reductive elimination pathways can significantly enhance the driving force for reductive elimination, accelerating the formation of new covalent bonds. The intricate reaction mechanisms for each of these pathways are thoroughly discussed and systematically summarized in this paper. These computational studies showcase the characteristics of three models for reductive elimination from Ni(II) species, and we hope that it will spur the development of mechanistic studies of cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Qiao
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Fa-You Lin
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Dongmin Fu
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
- Institute of Intelligent Innovation, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451162, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Theory and Mechanism, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
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3
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Wang Q, Yuan X, Sun H, Yang J, Yang X, Lin J, Jin Y. Iron(III)-Catalyzed Amine-Release Triple Condensation of Enaminones to C3-Alkenylated Dihydroquinolinones. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38996186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
C3-functionalized dihydroquinolinones represent a class of important biologically active compounds. Although methods for synthesizing C2/4-functionalized dihydroquinolinones have been extensively reported, research on the synthesis of C3-functionalized dihydroquinolinone is extremely rare. Herein, we report for the first time a method for C3-alkenylated dihydroquinolinones via iron(III)-catalyzed amine-release triple condensation of enaminones. These reactions exhibit broad substrate scope and offer operationally simple, low-cost catalyzed procedures in a single step. Subsequent intramolecular and intermolecular additions to the alkene moiety provide diverse C3-functionalized dihydroquinolinone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research & Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research & Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Haoyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research & Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Jimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research & Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xingjiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research & Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research & Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research & Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
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4
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Doraghi F, Karimtabar MS, Ghasemi M, Larijani B, Mahdavi M. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Dual C-H Activation/Annulation Reactions Involving Internal Alkynes. CHEM REC 2024:e202400069. [PMID: 38984737 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Recently, transition metal-catalyzed ortho-C-H bond activation/annulations involving two internal alkyne molecules have been extensively used to synthesize highly substituted polycyclic aromatic scaffolds. Such reactions have emerged as a powerful atom and step-economical strategy for the assembly of multifunctional bioactive molecules. In this context, we focused on the recent achievements of dual C-H bond activation/annulations, as well as functionalization reactions involving diaryl/alkyl alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Doraghi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Karimtabar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Ghasemi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center (NMSRC), University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Sulanate of, Oman
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Lakomy MG, Shankar M, Del Rio AC, Giri R. Ni-Catalyzed Linearizable Cyclization/Coupling with Detachable Silicon-Oxygen Linker: Access to 1,2-Oxasilolanes, 3-Hydroxysilanes and 4-Arylalkanols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404679. [PMID: 38603546 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
We disclose a Ni-catalyzed cyclization/alkylmetal interception reaction in which products are readily linearized to permit regiodefined alkene dicarbofunctionalization. This method offers a convenient route to access 1,2-oxasilolane heterocycles, 3-hydroxysilanes and 4-arylalkanols with the formation of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds at primary and secondary alkyl carbon centers. In this reaction, a silicon-oxygen (Si-O) bond functions as a detachable linker that can be delinked with several hydride, alkyl, aryl and vinyl nucleophiles to create profusely functionalized 3-hydroxysilanes. A silicon motif in the cyclic C(sp3)-Si-O construct in 1,2-oxasilolane heterocycles can also be selectively deleted by Pd-catalyzed hydrodesilylation affording Si-ablated linear alcohol products reminiscent of vicinal ethylene dicarbofunctionalization with C(sp3) and C(sp2) carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret G Lakomy
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
| | - Majji Shankar
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
| | - Ava C Del Rio
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
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6
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Pan Q, Wang K, Xu W, Ai Y, Ping Y, Liu C, Wang M, Zhang J, Kong W. Ligand-Controlled, Nickel-Catalyzed Stereodivergent Construction of 1,3-Nonadjacent Stereocenters. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15453-15463. [PMID: 38795043 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to the asymmetric synthesis of molecules with a single stereocenter or 1,2-adjacent stereocenters, the simultaneous construction of acyclic 1,3-nonadjacent stereocenters via a single catalyst in an enantioselective and diastereoselective manner remains a formidable challenge. Here, we demonstrate the enantioselective and diastereodivergent construction of 1,3-nonadjacent stereocenters through Ni-catalyzed reductive cyclization/cross-coupling of alkene-tethered aryl bromides and α-bromoamides, which represents the major remaining stereochemical challenge of cyclization/difunctionalization of alkenes. Using Ming-Phos as ligand, a diverse set of oxindoles containing 1,3-nonadjacent stereocenters were obtained with high levels of enantio- and diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic experiments and density functional theory calculations indicate that magnesium salt plays a key role in controlling the diastereoselectivity. Furthermore, another set of complementary stereoisomeric products were constructed from the same set of starting materials using Ph-Phox as ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kuai Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Weipeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuqi Ai
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ping
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chuhan Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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7
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Song Y, Fu C, Zheng J, Ma S. Copper-catalyzed remote double functionalization of allenynes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7789-7794. [PMID: 38784739 PMCID: PMC11110152 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00034j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Addition reactions of molecules with conjugated or non-conjugated multiple unsaturated C-C bonds are very attractive yet challenging due to the versatile issues of chemo-, regio-, and stereo-selectivities. Especially for the readily available conjugated allenyne compounds, the reactivities have not been explored. The first example of copper-catalyzed 2,5-hydrofunctionalization and 2,5-difunctionalization of allenynes, which provides a facile access to versatile conjugated vinylic allenes with a C-B or C-Si bond, has been developed. This mild protocol has a broad substrate scope tolerating many synthetically useful functional groups. Due to the highly functionalized nature of the products, they have been demonstrated as platform molecules for the efficient syntheses of monocyclic products including poly-substituted benzenes, bicyclic compounds, and highly functionalized allene molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Shengming Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
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8
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Paroi B, Pegu C, Mane MV, Patil NT. Gold-Catalyzed Arylative Cope Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202406936. [PMID: 38769939 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Cope rearrangements have garnered significant attention owing to their ability to undergo structural reorganization in stereoselective manner. While substantial advances have been achieved over decades, these rearrangements remained applicable exclusively to parent 1,5-hexadienes. Herein, we disclose the gold-catalyzed arylative Cope rearrangement of 1,6-heptadienes via a cyclization-induced [3,3]-rearrangement employing ligand-enabled gold redox catalysis. Detailed mechanistic investigations including several control experiments, cross-over experiment, HRMS analysis, 31P NMR and DFT studies have been performed to underpin the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Paroi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Chayanika Pegu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Manoj V Mane
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka-, 562112, India
| | - Nitin T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
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9
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Wang Z, Zhu J, Wang M, Lu P. Palladium-Catalyzed Divergent Enantioselective Functionalization of Cyclobutenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12691-12701. [PMID: 38676653 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Aliphatic strained rings have been increasingly applied in medicinal chemistry due to their beneficial physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. However, the divergent synthesis of enantioenriched cyclobutane derivatives with various structural patterns continues to be a significant challenge. Here, we disclose a palladium-catalyzed enantioselective desymmetrization of cyclobutenes, resulting in a series of hydroarylation and 1,2- and 1,3-diarylation products via the interceptions of a common Heck intermediate. Mechanistic investigations provide valuable insights into understanding the catalytic mode of the palladium catalysts and the observed variations in the deuterium-responsive behavior during reactions. Furthermore, the synthetic utility is demonstrated in the syntheses of deuterated drug candidate belaperidone skeletons and pseudosymmetrical truxinic acid-type derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonggui Wang
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, China
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10
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Zhao G, Li W, Zhang J. Recent Advances in Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Heck/Tsuji-Trost Reactions of 1,n-Dienes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400076. [PMID: 38349344 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal catalyzed tandem asymmetric reactions were powerful tools to access various chiral compounds. Many strategies have been developed for the coupling of 1,n-dienes with aryl halides via a tandem Heck/Tsuji-Trost process. However, the control of regio- and stereo-chemistry remains a challenging task. This minireview details the recent advances in the field of asymmetric Heck/Tsuji-Trost reactions catalyzed by palladium complex, which have opened new opportunities and expanded our understanding in this area of research in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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11
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Zhang L, Hong C, Tang J, Wu W, Jiang H. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbohalogenation of Olefins with Alkynyl Oxime Ethers: Rapid Access to Chlorine-Containing Isoxazoles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6615-6625. [PMID: 38652857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed carbohalogenation of olefins with alkynyl oxime ethers has been described, which provides efficient and practical access to various chlorine-containing isoxazoles. This method exhibits excellent regioselectivity, good functional group compatibility, and mild reaction conditions. The mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via a stabilized π-benzyl palladium intermediate, which is essential for the formation of C(sp3)-Cl bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Chenjing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Junlong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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12
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Hu X, Cheng-Sánchez I, Kong W, Molander GA, Nevado C. Nickel-catalysed enantioselective alkene dicarbofunctionalization enabled by photochemical aliphatic C-H bond activation. Nat Catal 2024; 7:655-665. [PMID: 38947227 PMCID: PMC11208155 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-024-01153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of novel strategies to rapidly construct complex chiral molecules from readily available feedstocks is a long-term pursuit in the chemistry community. Radical-mediated alkene difunctionalizations represent an excellent platform towards this goal. However, asymmetric versions remain highly challenging, and more importantly, examples featuring simple hydrocarbons as reaction partners are elusive. Here we report an asymmetric three-component alkene dicarbofunctionalization capitalizing on the direct activation of C(sp 3)-H bonds through the combination of photocatalysed hydrogen atom transfer and nickel catalysis. This protocol provides an efficient platform for installing two vicinal carbon-carbon bonds across alkenes in an atom-economic fashion, providing a wide array of high-value chiral α-aryl/alkenyl carbonyls and phosphonates, as well as 1,1-diarylalkanes from ubiquitous alkane, ether and alcohol feedstocks. This method exhibits operational simplicity, broad substrate scope and excellent regioselectivity, chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity. The compatibility with bioactive motifs and expedient synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant molecules highlight the synthetic potential of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Lux DM, Lee DJ, Sapkota RR, Giri R. Iron-Mediated Dialkylation of Alkenylarenes with Benzyl Bromides. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38572911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We disclose a method for the dibenzylation of alkenylarenes with benzyl bromides using iron powder. This reaction generates branched alkyl scaffolds adorned with functionalized aryl rings through the formation of two new C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds at the vicinal carbons of alkenes. This protocol tolerates electron-rich, electron-neutral, and electron-poor benzyl bromides and alkenylarenes. Mechanistic studies suggest the formation of benzylic radical intermediates as a result of single-electron transfer from the iron, which is intercepted by alkenylarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Lux
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Daniel J Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Rishi R Sapkota
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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14
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Yu S, Jin Z, Tong X, Qi L. Palladium-Catalyzed Heck/Suzuki Tandem Reaction of ( Z)-1-Iodo-1,6-dienes and Organoboronic Acids. Org Lett 2024; 26:2175-2179. [PMID: 38451537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The Heck/Suzuki tandem reaction has emerged as an essential strategy for the synthesis of complex molecules. Herein, an efficient palladium-catalyzed Heck/Suzuki tandem reaction of (Z)-1-iodo-1,6-dienes with organoboronic acids is described, providing various tetrahydropyridines in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. The key to the success of this approach is the avoidance of the intramolecular second Heck insertion occurring prior to the transmetalation step. In addition, the asymmetric version of this reaction is investigated to deliver chiral tetrahydropyridine in excellent yield with promising enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengneng Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjun Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, People's Republic of China
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15
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Babcock DJ, Wolfram AJ, Barney JL, Servagno SM, Sharma A, Nacsa ED. A free-radical design featuring an intramolecular migration for a synthetically versatile alkyl-(hetero)arylation of simple olefins. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4031-4040. [PMID: 38487219 PMCID: PMC10935719 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06476j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
A free-radical approach has enabled the development of a synthetically versatile alkyl-(hetero)arylation of olefins. Alkyl and (hetero)aryl groups were added concurrently to a full suite of mono- to tetrasubstituted simple alkenes (i.e., without requiring directing or electronically activating groups) for the first time. Key advances also included the introduction of synthetically diversifiable alkyl groups featuring different degrees of substitution, good diastereocontrol in both cyclic and acyclic settings, the addition of biologically valuable heteroarenes featuring Lewis basic nitrogen atoms as well as simple benzenes, and the generation of either tertiary or quaternary benzylic centers. The synthetic potential of this transformation was demonstrated by leveraging it as the key step in a concise synthesis of oliceridine, a new painkiller that received FDA approval in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Babcock
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Andrew J Wolfram
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Jaxon L Barney
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Santino M Servagno
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Ayush Sharma
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Eric D Nacsa
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
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16
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Tan TD, Serviano JMI, Luo X, Qian PC, Holland PL, Zhang X, Koh MJ. Congested C(sp3)-rich architectures enabled by iron-catalysed conjunctive alkylation. Nat Catal 2024; 7:321-329. [PMID: 38855712 PMCID: PMC11155680 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-024-01113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic cross-coupling by transition metals has revolutionized the formation of C-C bonds in organic synthesis. However, the challenge of forming multiple alkyl-alkyl bonds in crowded environments remains largely unresolved. Here, we report the regioselective functionalization of olefins with sp3-hybridized organohalides and organozinc reagents using a simple (terpyridine)iron catalyst. Aliphatic groups of various sizes are successfully installed on either olefinic carbon, furnishing a diverse array of products with congested cores featuring C- or heteroatom-substituted stereocenters. The method enables access to valuable but synthetically challenging C(sp3)-rich molecules, including alicyclic compounds bearing multiple contiguous stereocenters through annulation cascades. Mechanistic and theoretical studies suggest a stepwise iron-mediated radical carbometallation pathway followed by outer-sphere C-C bond formation, which potentially opens the door to a broader scope of transformations and new chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-De Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
- Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Juan M I Serviano
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Xiaohua Luo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Peng-Cheng Qian
- Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- These authors jointly supervised this work
| | - Xinglong Zhang
- Institute of High-Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Republic of Singapore, 138632
- These authors jointly supervised this work
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
- These authors jointly supervised this work
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17
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Zhao Q, Rahman MM, Zhou T, Yang S, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Wingtip-Flexible N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Unsymmetrical Connection between IMes and IPr. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318703. [PMID: 38135660 PMCID: PMC10922840 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
IMes (IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) and IPr (IPr=1,3- bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) represent by far the most frequently used N-heterocyclic carbene ligands in homogeneous catalysis, however, despite numerous advantages, these ligands are limited by the lack of steric flexibility of catalytic pockets. We report a new class of unique unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic carbene ligands that are characterized by freely-rotatable N-aromatic wingtips in the imidazol-2-ylidene architecture. The combination of rotatable N-CH2 Ar bond with conformationally-fixed N-Ar linkage results in a highly modular ligand topology, entering the range of geometries inaccessible to IMes and IPr. These ligands are highly reactive in Cu(I)-catalyzed β-hydroboration, an archetypal borylcupration process that has had a transformative impact on the synthesis of boron-containing compounds. The most reactive Cu(I)-NHC in this class has been commercialized in collaboration with MilliporeSigma to enable broad access of the synthetic chemistry community. The ligands gradually cover %Vbur geometries ranging from 37.3 % to 52.7 %, with the latter representing the largest %Vbur described for an IPr analogue, while retaining full flexibility of N-wingtip. Considering the modular access to novel geometrical space in N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis, we anticipate that this concept will enable new opportunities in organic synthesis, drug discovery and stabilization of reactive metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Shiyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383 (Poland)
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
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18
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Hou X, Liu H, Huang H. Iron-catalyzed fluoroalkylative alkylsulfonylation of alkenes via radical-anion relay. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1480. [PMID: 38368406 PMCID: PMC10874428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed reductive difunctionalization of alkenes with alkyl halides is a powerful method for upgrading commodity chemicals into densely functionalized molecules. However, super stoichiometric amounts of metal reductant and the requirement of installing a directing group into alkenes to suppress the inherent β-H elimination bring great limitations to this type of reaction. We demonstrate herein that the difunctionalization of alkenes with two different alkyl halides is accessible via a radical-anion relay with Na2S2O4 as both reductant and sulfone-source. The Na2S2O4 together with the electron-shuttle catalyst is crucial to divert the mechanistic pathway toward the formation of alkyl sulfone anion instead of the previously reported alkylmetal intermediates. Mechanistic studies allow the identification of carbon-centered alkyl radical and sulfur-centered alkyl sulfone radical, which are in equilibrium via capture or extrusion of SO2 and could be converted to alkyl sulfone anion accelerated by iron electron-shuttle catalysis, leading to the observed high chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Hou
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Hongchi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, P. R. China.
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19
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Sk M, Haldar S, Bera S, Banerjee D. Recent advances in the selective semi-hydrogenation of alkyne to ( E)-olefins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1517-1533. [PMID: 38251772 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Considering the potential importance and upsurge in demand, the selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes to (E)-olefins has attracted significant interest. This article highlights the recent advances in newer technologies and important methodologies directed to (E)-olefins from alkynes developed from 2015 to 2023. Notable features summarised include the catalyst or ligand design and control of product selectivity based on precious and nonprecious metal catalysts for semi-hydrogenation to (E)-olefins. Mechanistic studies for various catalytic transformations, including synthetic application to bioactive compounds, are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahar Sk
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Shuvojit Haldar
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sourajit Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Debasis Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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20
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Yu W, Wang H, Zhao K, Li W, Wang T, Fu J. Visible-Light-Induced Three-Component 1,2-Alkylpyridylation of Alkenes via a Halogen-Atom Transfer Process. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1703-1708. [PMID: 38227772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Visible-light-induced three-component 1,2-alkylpyridylation of alkenes with unactivated alkyl iodides and aryl cyanides is reported via a photocatalytic halogen-atom transfer (XAT) strategy. This metal-free protocol utilizes readily available tertiary alkylamine as the terminal reductant to smoothly convert alkyl iodides into the corresponding carbon radical species. The reaction features a broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, high efficiency, and mild reaction conditions. The practicability of this methodology is further demonstrated in the late-stage difunctionalization of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Yu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Kuang Zhao
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Wendong Li
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Junkai Fu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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21
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Liu XL, Ji SJ, Cai ZJ. Palladium-catalyzed carbomonofluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes: rapid access to γ-monofluoromethyl carboxylic acid derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:730-733. [PMID: 38115711 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05380f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a palladium-catalyzed regioselective carbomonofluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes. The reaction uses easily available fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methane (FBSM) as a fluoromethylating reagent, and proceeds smoothly with a wide variety of carbon electrophiles, including (hetero)aryl iodides, styrenyl iodides and TIPSBr. A range of remote γ-CH2F/CD2F carboxylic acid derivatives were constructed rapidly after a simple reductive desulfonylation step. The reaction features high regioselectivity, mild and simple reaction conditions and a broad substrate scope, and is easy to scale up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Zhong-Jian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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22
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Lu M, Chen K, Wu T, Cai H. Electrochemical Decarboxylative Alkoxy-alkoxycarbonylation of Alkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:188-192. [PMID: 38127651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A method is presented for decarboxylative alkoxy-alkoxycarbonylation of various alkenes with alcohols by electrochemical anodic oxidation of monopotassium ethyloxalate salts with good functional group compatibility. The reaction involves anodic oxidation to form an acyl radical, followed by addition to an olefin to yield a new alkyl radical, which is anodically oxidized to a carbon cation and captured by alcohols to afford β-alkoxyalkanoates. Adding catalytic amounts of ammonium iodide enhanced the efficiency of the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqun Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Kailun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Hu Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
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23
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Xu CH, Lv GF, Qin JH, Xu XH, Li JH. Visible-Light-Induced Photoredox 1,2-Dialkylation of Styrenes with α-Carbonyl Alkyl Bromides and Pyridin-1-ium Salts. J Org Chem 2024; 89:281-290. [PMID: 38109762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-driven photoredox dialkylation of styrenes with α-carbonyl alkyl bromides and pyridin-1-ium salts for the synthesis of polysubstituted 1,4-dihydropyridines is reported. This reaction enables the formation of two new C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds in a single reaction step and provides a strategy that employs pyridin-1-ium salts as the functionalized alkylating reagents via dearomatization to directly trap the resulting alkyl radicals from radical addition of alkenes and then terminate the alkene dialkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Gui-Fen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jing-Hao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Xin-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 475004, Henan, China
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24
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Rizzo C, Pace A, Pibiri I, Buscemi S, Palumbo Piccionello A. From Conventional to Sustainable Catalytic Approaches for Heterocycles Synthesis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202301604. [PMID: 38140917 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds is fundamental for all the research area in chemistry, from drug synthesis to material science. In this framework, catalysed synthetic methods are of great interest to effective reach such important building blocks. In this review, we will report on some selected examples from the last five years, of the major improvement in the field, focusing on the most important conventional catalytic systems, such as transition metals, organocatalysts, to more sustainable ones such as photocatalysts, iodine-catalysed reaction, electrochemical reactions and green innovative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rizzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Italy, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128, Palermo
| | - Andrea Pace
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Italy, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128, Palermo
| | - Ivana Pibiri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Italy, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128, Palermo
| | - Silvestre Buscemi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Italy, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128, Palermo
| | - Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Italy, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128, Palermo
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25
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Gao Y, Gao L, Zhu E, Yang Y, Jie M, Zhang J, Pan Z, Xia C. Nickel/photoredox dual catalyzed arylalkylation of nonactivated alkenes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7917. [PMID: 38036527 PMCID: PMC10689762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkene dicarbofunctionalization is an efficient strategy and operation-economic fashion for introducing complexity in molecules. A nickel/photoredox dual catalyzed arylalkylation of nonactivated alkenes for the simultaneous construction of one C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond and one C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond has been developed. The mild catalytic method provided valuable indanethylamine derivatives with wide substrate scope and good functional group compatibility. An enantioselective dicarbofunctionalization was also achieved with pyridine-oxazoline as a ligand. The efficiency of metallaphotoredox dicarbofunctionalization was demonstrated for the concise synthesis of pharmaceutically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Endiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yunhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mi Jie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jiaqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Chengfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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26
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Long T, Zeng YL, Dong ZH, Li S, Zhan J, Zeng SM, Qiu JL, Chu WD, Liu QZ. Nickel-Catalyzed Three-Component Alkylarylation of Alkenyl N-Heteroarenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:8344-8349. [PMID: 37962415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed three-component alkylarylation of alkenyl N-heteroarenes with α-bromocarboxylates and aryl boronic acids is reported. The protocol provides a new method to access a variety of N-heteroarene substituted diarylalkanes in moderate to good yields. It features mild reaction conditions, cheap nickel catalyst, readily available substrates, and broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Long
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Li Zeng
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hong Dong
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| | - Shu Li
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhan
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Min Zeng
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Li Qiu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Dao Chu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Zhong Liu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
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27
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Ding C, Ren Y, Yu Y, Yin G. Ligand-modulated nickel-catalyzed regioselective silylalkylation of alkenes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7670. [PMID: 37996492 PMCID: PMC10667358 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Organosilicon compounds have shown tremendous potential in drug discovery and their synthesis stimulates wide interest. Multicomponent cross-coupling of alkenes with silicon reagents is used to yield complex silicon-containing compounds from readily accessible feedstock chemicals but the reaction with simple alkenes remains challenging. Here, we report a regioselective silylalkylation of simple alkenes, which is enabled by using a stable Ni(II) salt and an inexpensive trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane ligand as a catalyst. Remarkably, this reaction can tolerate a broad range of olefins bearing various functional groups, including alcohol, ester, amides and ethers, thus it allows for the efficient and selective assembly of a diverse range of bifunctional organosilicon building blocks from terminal alkenes, alkyl halides and the Suginome reagent. Moreover, an expedient synthetic route toward alpha-Lipoic acid has been developed by this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ding
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyu Ren
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyin Yin
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Li Y, Yin G. Nickel Chain-Walking Catalysis: A Journey to Migratory Carboboration of Alkenes. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3246-3259. [PMID: 37910401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusChain-walking offers extensive opportunities for innovating synthetic methods that involve constructing chemical bonds at unconventional sites. This approach provides previously inaccessible retrosynthetic disconnections in organic synthesis. Through chain-walking, transition metal-catalyzed alkene difunctionalization reactions can take place in a 1,n-addition (n ≠ 2) mode. Unlike classical 1,2-regioselective difunctionalization reactions, there remains a scarcity of reports regarding migratory patterns. Moreover, the range of olefins utilized in these studies is quite limited.About five years ago, our research group embarked on a project aimed at developing valuable migratory difunctionalization reactions of alkenes through chain-walking. Our focus was on carboboration of alkenes utilizing nickel catalysis. The reaction commences with the migratory insertion of an olefin into a Ni-Bpin species. Subsequently, a thermodynamically stable alkyl nickel complex is generated through a chain-walking process. This complex then couples with a carbon-based electrophile, leading to the formation of an alkylboron compound. It is worth highlighting that the success of these transformations relies significantly on the utilization of a bisnitrogen-based ligand and LiOMe as a B2pin2 activator. Synthetically, these migratory carboboration reactions establish a robust platform for the rapid and efficient synthesis of a wide range of structurally diverse organoboron compounds, which are not facially accessed by conventional methods. The incorporation of a versatile boron group introduces a wealth of possibilities for subsequent diversifications, significantly enhancing the value of the resulting products and allowing for the creation of a broader range of valuable derivatives and applications.This Account provides a comprehensive overview of our research efforts and advancements in the field of migratory carboboration of unactivated alkenes using nickel catalysis. We begin by outlining the development of a series of 1,1-regioselective carboboration reactions of terminal alkenes. A significant focus is placed on the initial integration of boronate, which not only triggers the formation of thermodynamically stable metal species but also exerts control over remote stereochemistry in reactions involving substituted methylenecyclohexenes. Continuing our exploration, remarkable success is achieved in 1,3-regio- and cis-stereoselectivity when dealing with cyclic alkenes. Remarkably, nickel chain-walking catalysis enables heterocyclic alkenes to be viable coupling partners within our transformations. Moreover, it grants us the ability to achieve regioselectivity for cyclohexenes that was previously unattainable, thus expanding the horizons of regiochemical control in these reactions. Lastly, we present the evolution of ligand-modulated regiodivergent carboboration of allylarenes. By gaining insights into the underlying mechanisms driving regiodivergence, we lay a strong foundation for tackling challenges related to selecting specific sites in chain-walking reactions, especially when dealing with multiple stable factors. We anticipate that our findings, coupled with the mechanistic insights we've gained, will not only advance the realm of nickel chain-walking catalysis but also contribute to the broader understanding of selectivity control in reactions of this nature. This advancement will also catalyze the synthesis of intricate functional molecules, contributing to the creation of complex and valuable compounds in the realm of organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Guoyin Yin
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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Roy VJ, Dagar N, Choudhury S, Raha Roy S. Unified Approach to Diverse Heterocyclic Synthesis: Organo-Photocatalyzed Carboacylation of Alkenes and Alkynes from Feedstock Aldehydes and Alcohols. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15374-15388. [PMID: 37871233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
We report an organo-photocatalyzed carboacylation reaction that offers a springboard to create chemical complexity in a diversity-driven approach. The modular one-pot method uses feedstock aldehydes and alcohols as acyl surrogates and commercially available Eosin Y as the photoredox catalyst, making it simple and affordable to introduce structural diversity. Several biologically relevant skeletons have been easily synthesized under mild conditions in the presence of visible light irradiation by fostering a radical acylation/cyclization cascade. The proposed reaction mechanism was further illuminated by a number of spectroscopic studies. Furthermore, we applied this protocol for the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals and blockbuster drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Jyoti Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Neha Dagar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Swagata Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sudipta Raha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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30
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Lu L, Sui J, Huang S, Xiong B, Zeng X, Qiu X, Zhang Y. Nickel-Catalyzed 8-Aminoquinoline Directed Reductive Dialkylcyclization/Homodialkylation of Unactivated Alkenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:7800-7804. [PMID: 37874767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemo and regioselective dialkylation of alkene is an efficient protocol for constructing useful chemicals, but challenges remain in the unrestricted application of alkylating reagents. Alkyl bromide belongs to the easy-to-access and operable alkyl electrophiles that can be used in reductive coupling with alkenes. Here, we reported convenient strategies for dialkylcyclization and homodialkylation of unactivated β,γ- and γ,δ-unsaturated alkenyl amides with 1,3-dibromoalkanes or primary alkyl bromides under nickel-catalyzed reductive conditions that exhibited high regioselectivity and functional-group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Lu
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jing Sui
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Biao Xiong
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaobao Zeng
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaodong Qiu
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
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31
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Mohar M, Ghosh S, Hajra A. Visible Light Induced Three-Component 1,2-Dicarbofunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300121. [PMID: 37309268 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing visible-light in organic synthesis is one of the most effective methods that aligns with green and sustainable chemistry principles and hence skyrocketed in the last two decades. Similarly, three-component 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes has recently been a great choice to construct complex molecular systems in an easy and rapid manner. Therefore, light-induced reactions can be an excellent alternative to carry out 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization reactions, and very recently, organic chemists across the globe have fascinated us with their interesting articles. In this present review, we have summarized the recent advancements in the area of visible light induced three-component 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes till March 2023. We have categorized the discussion based on the catalysts used to carry out the transformations for better understanding and different important aspects of these transformations have also been covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrittika Mohar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India
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32
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Zhang W, Liu T, Ang HT, Luo P, Lei Z, Luo X, Koh MJ, Wu J. Modular and Practical 1,2-Aryl(Alkenyl) Heteroatom Functionalization of Alkenes through Iron/Photoredox Dual Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310978. [PMID: 37699857 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Efficient methods for synthesizing 1,2-aryl(alkenyl) heteroatomic cores, encompassing heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and halogens, are of significant importance in medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical research. In this study, we present a mild, versatile and practical photoredox/iron dual catalytic system that enables access to highly privileged 1,2-aryl(alkenyl) heteroatomic pharmacophores with exceptional efficiency and site selectivity. Our approach exhibits an extensive scope, allowing for the direct utilization of a wide range of commodity or commercially available (hetero)arenes as well as activated and unactivated alkenes with diverse functional groups, drug scaffolds, and natural product motifs as substrates. By merging iron catalysis with the photoredox cycle, a vast array of alkene 1,2-aryl(alkenyl) functionalization products that incorporate a neighboring azido, amino, halo, thiocyano and nitrooxy group were secured. The scalability and ability to rapid synthesize numerous bioactive small molecules from readily available starting materials highlight the utility of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hwee Ting Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Penghao Luo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhexuan Lei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaohua Luo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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33
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Lu L, Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhang W, See KA, Lin S. Three-Component Cross-Electrophile Coupling: Regioselective Electrochemical Dialkylation of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22298-22304. [PMID: 37801465 PMCID: PMC10625357 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The cross-electrophile dialkylation of alkenes enables the formation of two C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds from readily available starting materials in a single transformation, thereby providing a modular and expedient approach to building structural complexity in organic synthesis. Herein, we exploit the disparate electronic and steric properties of alkyl halides with varying degrees of substitution to accomplish their selective activation and addition to alkenes under electrochemical conditions. This method enables regioselective dialkylation of alkenes without the use of a transition-metal catalyst and provides access to a diverse range of synthetically useful compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Wendy Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kimberly A See
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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34
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Sancheti SP, Singh Y, Mane MV, Patil NT. Gold-Catalyzed 1,2-Dicarbofunctionalization of Alkynes with Organohalides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310493. [PMID: 37649285 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first gold-catalyzed 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of alkynes using organohalides as non-prefunctionalized coupling partners. The mechanism of the reaction involves an oxidative addition/π-activation mechanism in contrast to the migratory insertion/cis-trans isomerization pathway that is predominantly observed with other transition metals yielding products with anti-selectivity. Mechanistic insights include several control experiments, NMR studies, HR-MSMS analyses, and DFT calculations that strongly support the proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank P Sancheti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Yukta Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj V Mane
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Nitin T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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35
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Rentería-Gómez Á, Guerrero M, Ramirez-Lopez M, Gutierrez O. Regioselective Fluoroalkylarylation of Enamides Enabled by an Iron-Catalyzed Multicomponent Radical Cross-Coupling Strategy. Org Lett 2023; 25:7440-7445. [PMID: 37773979 PMCID: PMC10863403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroalkylated compounds are important entities in agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and materials. The catalytic dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes represents a powerful strategy for the rapid construction and diversification of compounds. In this vein, multicomponent cross-coupling reactions (MC-CCR) can provide an efficient synthetic route to build molecular complexity. In this work, we report the first iron-catalyzed three-component fluoroalkylarylation of enamides via selective formation and trapping of α-amide radicals under mild conditions and fast reaction times. The reaction tolerates a variety of commercially available aryl Grignard reagents and fluoroalkyl halides. Finally, the use of a removable phthalimido group provides an efficient strategy to prepare highly valuable γ-difluoroalkylated amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Rentería-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | | | | | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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36
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Yang JS, Lu K, Li CX, Zhao ZH, Zhang FM, Zhang XM, Tu YQ. NiH-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Hydroalkylation for the Synthesis of β- or γ-Branched Chiral Aromatic N-Heterocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22122-22134. [PMID: 37749771 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
A nickel hydride-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective hydroalkylation reaction was developed to give access to a library of chiral β- or γ-branched aromatic N-heterocycles. This intriguing asymmetric transformation features excellent selectivities, step- and atom-economies, and generating two kinds of chiral products through one synthetic strategy. Furthermore, the possible reaction mechanism was extensively investigated using numerous control experiments and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ka Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chen-Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zu-Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, Minhang, China
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37
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Chen M, Gu YW, Deng W, Xu ZY. Mechanism and Origins of Regio- and Stereoselective Alkylboration of Endocyclic Olefins Enabled by Nickel Catalysis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14115-14130. [PMID: 37766467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The Ni-catalyzed alkylboration of endocyclic olefins is a stereo- and regioselective approach for the synthesis of boron-containing compounds. We report a detailed density functional theory (DFT) study to elucidate the mechanism and origins of the stereo-, chemo-, and regioselectivity of alkylboration of endocyclic olefins enabled by nickel catalysis. The alkylboration proceeds via the migratory insertion of alkenes, β-H elimination of the Ni(II) complex, subsequent migratory insertion leading to a new Ni(II) complex, combined with an alkyl radical, and reductive eliminations. The electronic effects of the endocyclic olefins synergistically control the regioselectivity toward the C1- and C2-position boration. In C1-position boration, a more electron-deficient carbon atom tends to combine with an electron-rich -Bpin group and leads to C1-position boration products. The stereoselectivity is influenced by the solvent effect, and the interaction between the substrate and Ni-catalyzed groups, the low-polarity solvent 1,4-dioxane, and a favorable steric hindrance effect result in the cis-alkylboration product. Chemoselectivity toward 1,3-alkylboration results from the steric hindrance effects of the -Bpin group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Wen Gu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Yang Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
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38
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Zhang P, Newhouse TR. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Difunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes Initiated by Unstabilized Enolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307455. [PMID: 37319375 PMCID: PMC11090370 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the first example of palladium-catalyzed carbonylative difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes initiated by enolate nucleophiles. The approach involves initiation by an unstabilized enolate nucleophile under an atmospheric pressure of CO and termination with a carbon electrophile. This process is compatible with a diverse range of electrophiles, including aryl, heteroaryl, and vinyl iodides to yield synthetically useful 1,5-diketone products, which were demonstrated to be precursors for multi-substituted pyridines. A PdI -dimer complex with two bridging CO units was observed although its role in catalysis is not yet understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, PO Box 208107, New Haven, CT, 06511
| | - Timothy R. Newhouse
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, PO Box 208107, New Haven, CT, 06511
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39
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Wang DM, She LQ, Yuan H, Wu Y, Tang Y, Wang P. Ligand-Enabled Ni II -Catalyzed Hydroxylarylation of Alkenes with Molecular Oxygen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304573. [PMID: 37431727 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant in transition metal catalyzed oxidative process is an appealing and challenging task in organic synthetic chemistry. Here, we report a Ni-catalyzed hydroxylarylation of unactivated alkenes enabled by a β-diketone ligand with high efficiency and excellent regioselectivity employing molecular oxygen as the oxidant and hydroxyl source. This reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope and incredible heterocycle compatibility, providing a variety of β-hydroxylamides, γ-hydroxylamides, β-aminoalcohols, γ-aminoalcohols, and 1,3-diols in high yields. The synthetic value of this methodology was demonstrated by the efficient synthesis of two bioactive compounds, (±)-3'-methoxyl citreochlorol and tea catechin metabolites M4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qin She
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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40
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Lux DM, Aryal V, Niroula D, Giri R. Nickel-Catalyzed Regioselective Intermolecular Dialkylation of Alkenylarenes: Generation of Two Vicinal C(sp 3 )-C(sp 3 ) Bonds Across Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305522. [PMID: 37316459 PMCID: PMC10528944 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We disclose a Ni-catalyzed regioselective dialkylation reaction of alkenylarenes with α-halocarbonyls and alkylzinc reagents. The reaction produces γ-arylated alkanecarbonyl compounds with the generation of two new C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) bonds at the vicinal carbons of alkenes. This reaction is effective for the use of primary, secondary and tertiary α-halocarboxylic esters, amides and ketones in conjunction with primary and secondary alkylzinc reagents as the sources of two C(sp3 ) carbons for the dialkylation of terminal and cyclic internal alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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41
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Katzbaer JN, Torres VM, Elacqua E, Giri R. Nickel-Catalyzed Alkene Difunctionalization as a Method for Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:14196-14201. [PMID: 37343225 PMCID: PMC11216810 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Alkene dicarbofunctionalization is a rapidly emerging tool for complex molecule synthesis that installs two carbon fragments regioselectively across an alkene. This method has the potential to engineer stereodefined polymers, yet the application of difunctionalization reactions to polymer synthesis remains unexplored. Herein, we describe the first example of a Ni-catalyzed difunctionalization of alkenes with arylboronic esters and aryl bromides innate to the alkene. The polymerization reaction proceeds regioselectively with the addition of the aryl bromide to the terminal alkenyl carbon and arylboronic ester to the internal benzylic carbon. The resultant poly[arylene-α-(aryl)ethylene]s comprise aryl groups installed at regular intervals along the polymer backbone through chain propagation in two directions. Polymers with molecular weights generally ranging from 30 to 175 kDa were obtained after successful fractionation from oligomeric species. Thermal analysis of the poly[arylene α-(aryl)ethylene]s revealed stability up to ∼399 °C, with a Tg of 90 °C, both of which are similar in value to poly(styrene)s and poly(phenylene methylene)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N. Katzbaer
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Vincent M. Torres
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Elizabeth Elacqua
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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42
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Chesley L, Poudel DP, Sapkota RR, Dhungana RK, Lakomy MG, Giri R. Pd-Catalyzed 1,3-Alkenylarylation of Skipped Diene via Metal Migration. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19912-19916. [PMID: 37305246 PMCID: PMC10249098 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We disclose a palladium-catalyzed difunctionalization of skipped diene with alkenyl triflates and arylboronic acids to produce 1,3-alkenylarylated products. The reaction proceeded efficiently with Pd(acac)2 as a catalyst and CsF as a base for a wide range of electron-deficient and electron-rich arylboronic acids as well as oxygen-heterocyclic, sterically hindered, and complex natural product-derived alkenyl triflates bearing various functional groups. The reaction produced 3-aryl-5-alkenylcyclohexene derivatives with 1,3-syn-disubstituted stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas
J. Chesley
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Dhruba P. Poudel
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Rishi R. Sapkota
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Roshan K. Dhungana
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Margaret G. Lakomy
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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43
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Ariyarathna JP, Baskaran P, Chhikara A, Kaur N, Nguyen AM, Premathilaka SM, Huynh MM, Truong JT, Li W. Tunable [3+2] and [4+2] annulations for pyrrolidine and piperidine synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6418-6421. [PMID: 37161704 PMCID: PMC10297810 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01400b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocycles are privileged pharmaceutical scaffolds in drug discovery and development. We disclose here divergent intermolecular coupling strategies that can access diverse N-heterocycles directly from olefins. The radical-to-polar mechanistic switching is key for the divergent cyclization processes. These distinctive annulations result in the coupling of alkenes with simple bifunctional reagents for divergent N-heterocycle syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeewani P Ariyarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Prabagar Baskaran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Akanksha Chhikara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Alex M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Shashini M Premathilaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Michelle M Huynh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Jonathon T Truong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
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44
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Li Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Gao Y, Chen C, Yuan Z. Lewis Acid Promoted Vicinal Oxytrifluoromethylselenolation of Alkenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:3210-3215. [PMID: 37114993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have developed a metal-free, Lewis acid promoted vicinal oxytrifluoromethylselenolation of alkenes using trifluoromethyl selenoxides as electrophilic trifluoromethylselenolation reagents and alcohols as nucleophiles. With less steric and good nucleophilic solvents (such as ethanol and methol), Tf2O-catalyzed oxytrifluoromethylselenolation could be realized, while stoichiometric Tf2O was required to promote full transformation with less nucleophilic and steric solvents (such as isopropanol and tert-butanol). The reaction featured good substrate scope, functional group compatibility, and diastereoselectivity. This method could be further applied to oxytrifluoromethylselenolation, aminotrifluoromethylselenolation with stoichiometric nucleophiles under modified conditions. A mechanism involving a seleniranium ion was proposed based on the preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Shangbiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Zheliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
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45
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Khot NP, Nagtilak PJ, Deo NK, Kapur M. A three component 1,3-difunctionalization of vinyl diazo esters enabled by a cobalt catalyzed C-H activation/carbene migratory insertion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6076-6079. [PMID: 37114935 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00295k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
We report herein, a modular, regioselective 1,3-oxyarylation of vinyl diazo esters via a Co-catalyzed C-H activation/carbene migratory insertion cascade. The transformation involves the formation of C-C and C-O bonds in a one-pot fashion and displays a broad substrate scope with respect to both, vinyl diazo esters as well as benzamides. The coupled products were subjected to hydrogenation to access elusive allyl alcohol scaffolds. Mechanistic investigations reveal interesting insights on the mode of transformation, involving C-H activation, carbene migratory insertion of the diazo compound followed by a radical addition as the key steps of the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandkishor Prakash Khot
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Prajyot Jayadev Nagtilak
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Nitish Kumar Deo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Manmohan Kapur
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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46
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Dong Z, Tang Q, Xu C, Chen L, Ji H, Zhou S, Song L, Chen LA. Directed Asymmetric Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive 1,2-Diarylation of Electronically Unactivated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218286. [PMID: 36719253 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal catalyzed intermolecular 1,2-diarylation of electronically unactivated alkenes has emerged as an extensive research topic in organic synthesis. However, most examples are mainly limited to terminal alkenes. Furthermore, transition-metal catalyzed asymmetric 1,2-diarylation of unactivated alkenes still remains unsolved and is a formidable challenge. Herein, we describe a highly efficient directed nickel-catalyzed reductive 1,2-diarylation of unactivated internal alkenes with high diastereoselectivities. More importantly, our further effort towards enantioselective 1,2-diarylation of the unactivated terminal and challenging internal alkenes is achieved, furnishing various polyarylalkanes featuring benzylic stereocenters in high yields and with good to high enantioselectivities and high diastereoselectivities. Interestingly, the generation of cationic Ni-catalyst by adding alkali metal fluoride is the key to increased efficiency of this enantioselective reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Dong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiongyao Tang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Changyu Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haiting Ji
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sitian Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liangliang Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Liang-An Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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47
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Yu W, Wang S, He M, Jiang Z, Yu Y, Lan J, Luo J, Wang P, Qi X, Wang T, Lei A. Electroreduction Enables Regioselective 1,2‐Diarylation of Alkenes with Two Electrophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202219166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Yu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072, Hubei P. R. China
| | - Meng He
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072, Hubei P. R. China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Yi Yu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072, Hubei P. R. China
| | - Jinping Lan
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Jin Luo
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072, Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072, Hubei P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072, Hubei P. R. China
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48
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Rao N, Li YZ, Luo YC, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Nickel-Catalyzed Multicomponent Carbodifluoroalkylation of Electron-Deficient Alkenes. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Rao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun-Ze Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun-Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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49
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Yu W, Wang S, He M, Jiang Z, Yu Y, Lan J, Luo J, Wang P, Qi X, Wang T, Lei A. Electroreduction Enables Regioselective 1,2-Diarylation of Alkenes with Two Electrophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219166. [PMID: 36826413 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Precisely introducing two similar functional groups into bulk chemical alkenes represents a formidable route to complex molecules. Especially, the selective activation of two electrophiles is in crucial demand, yet challenging for cross-electrophile-coupling. Herein, we demonstrate a redox-mediated electrolysis, in which aryl nitriles are both aryl radical precursors and redox-mediators, enables an intermolecular alkene 1,2-diarylation with a remarkable regioselectivity, thereby avoiding the involvement of transition-metal catalysts. This transformation utilizes cyanoarene radical anions for activating various aryl halides (including iodides, bromides, and even chlorides) and affords 1,2-diarylation adducts in up to 83 % yield and >20 : 1 regioselectivity with more than 80 examples, providing a feasible approach to complex bibenzyl derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Yu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Meng He
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jinping Lan
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jin Luo
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China.,The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
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50
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Pozhydaiev V, Vayer M, Fave C, Moran J, Lebœuf D. Synthesis of Unprotected β-Arylethylamines by Iron(II)-Catalyzed 1,2-Aminoarylation of Alkenes in Hexafluoroisopropanol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215257. [PMID: 36541580 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
β-Arylethylamines are prevalent structural motifs in molecules exhibiting biological activity. Here we report a sequential one-pot protocol for the 1,2-aminoarylation of alkenes with hydroxylammonium triflate salts and (hetero)arenes. Unlike existing methods, this reaction provides a direct entry to unprotected β-arylethylamines with remarkable functional group tolerance, allowing key drug-oriented functional groups to be installed in a two-step process. The use of hexafluoroisopropanol as a solvent in combination with an iron(II) catalyst proved essential to reaching high-value nitrogen-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyn Pozhydaiev
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Vayer
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Claire Fave
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Cité, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Moran
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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