1
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Verma PK, McCrory CCL. The influence of exogenous amines on the electrochemical CO 2 reduction activity of a cobalt-pyridyldiimine catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38988236 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02709d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Studying the interactions between CO2 sorbents and electrocatalysts for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (e-CO2RR) can offer viable strategies to advance the development of the Reactive Capture of CO2 (RCC). In this report we studied the effect of amines on the performance of the [Co(PDI-Py)] catalyst for the e-CO2RR. The presence of amines shifts the onset potential for the e-CO2RR more positive and increases the catalytic activity while maintaining the high Faradaic efficiency (≥90%) for CO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA.
| | - Charles C L McCrory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA.
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA
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2
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Guo S, Zeng FG, Li XD, Chen KK, Wang P, Lu TB, Zhang ZM. Earth-abundant Zn-dipyrrin chromophores for efficient CO 2 photoreduction. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae130. [PMID: 38741716 PMCID: PMC11089819 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of strong sensitizing and Earth-abundant antenna molecules is highly desirable for CO2 reduction through artificial photosynthesis. Herein, a library of Zn-dipyrrin complexes (Z-1-Z-6) are rationally designed via precisely controlling their molecular configuration to optimize strong sensitizing Earth-abundant photosensitizers. Upon visible-light excitation, their special geometry enables intramolecular charge transfer to induce a charge-transfer state, which was first demonstrated to accept electrons from electron donors. The resulting long-lived reduced photosensitizer was confirmed to trigger consecutive intermolecular electron transfers for boosting CO2-to-CO conversion. Remarkably, the Earth-abundant catalytic system with Z-6 and Fe-catalyst exhibits outstanding performance with a turnover number of >20 000 and 29.7% quantum yield, representing excellent catalytic performance among the molecular catalytic systems and highly superior to that of noble-metal photosensitizer Ir(ppy)2(bpy)+ under similar conditions. Experimental and theoretical investigations comprehensively unveil the structure-activity relationship, opening up a new horizon for the development of Earth-abundant strong sensitizing chromophores for boosting artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Fu-Gui Zeng
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiao-Di Li
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Kai-Kai Chen
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Tong-Bu Lu
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Zhang
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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3
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Liang P, Wang Z, Hao S, Chen KK, Wu K, Wei Z. Management of Triplet States in Modified Mononuclear Ruthenium(II) Complexes for Enhanced Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202407448. [PMID: 38782721 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the interplay between relaxation and charge/energy transfer processes in the excited states of photocatalysts is crucial for the performance of artificial photosynthesis. Metal-to-ligand charge-transfer triplet states (3MLCT*) of ruthenium(II) complexes are broadly implemented for photocatalysis, but an effective means of managing the triplets for enhanced photocatalysis has been lacking. Herein, We proposed a strategy to considerably prolong the triplet excited-state lifetime by decorating a ruthenium(II) phosphine complex (RuP-1) with pendent polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Systematic studies demonstrate that in RuP-4 decorated with anthracene, sub-picosecond electron transfer from anthracene to 3MLCT* leads to a charge-separated state that can mediate the formation of the intra-ligand triplet state (3IL) of anthracene, resulting in an exceptionally long excited-state up to several milliseconds. This triplet management strategy enables impressive photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO with a turnover number (TON) of 404, an optimized quantum yield of 43 % and 100 % selectivity, which is the highest reported performance for mononuclear photocatalysts without additional photosensitizers. RuP-4 also catalyzes photochemical hydrogen generation under argon. This work opens up an avenue for regulating the excited-state charge/energy flow for the development of long-lived 3IL multi-functional mononuclear photocatalysts to boost artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Siwei Hao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Kai-Kai Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Zhanhua Wei
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
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4
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Chen LX, Yano J. Deciphering Photoinduced Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms in Natural and Artificial Photosynthetic Systems on Multiple Temporal and Spatial Scales Using X-ray Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5421-5469. [PMID: 38663009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Utilization of renewable energies for catalytically generating value-added chemicals is highly desirable in this era of rising energy demands and climate change impacts. Artificial photosynthetic systems or photocatalysts utilize light to convert abundant CO2, H2O, and O2 to fuels, such as carbohydrates and hydrogen, thus converting light energy to storable chemical resources. The emergence of intense X-ray pulses from synchrotrons, ultrafast X-ray pulses from X-ray free electron lasers, and table-top laser-driven sources over the past decades opens new frontiers in deciphering photoinduced catalytic reaction mechanisms on the multiple temporal and spatial scales. Operando X-ray spectroscopic methods offer a new set of electronic transitions in probing the oxidation states, coordinating geometry, and spin states of the metal catalytic center and photosensitizers with unprecedented energy and time resolution. Operando X-ray scattering methods enable previously elusive reaction steps to be characterized on different length scales and time scales. The methodological progress and their application examples collected in this review will offer a glimpse into the accomplishments and current state in deciphering reaction mechanisms for both natural and synthetic systems. Looking forward, there are still many challenges and opportunities at the frontier of catalytic research that will require further advancement of the characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin X Chen
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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5
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Xiao Y, Xie F, Zhang HT, Zhang MT. Bioinspired Binickel Catalyst for Carbon Dioxide Reduction: The Importance of Metal-ligand Cooperation. JACS AU 2024; 4:1207-1218. [PMID: 38559717 PMCID: PMC10976602 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Catalyst design for the efficient CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) remains a crucial challenge for the conversion of CO2 to fuels. Natural Ni-Fe carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (NiFe-CODH) achieves reversible conversion of CO2 and CO at nearly thermodynamic equilibrium potential, which provides a template for developing CO2RR catalysts. However, compared with the natural enzyme, most biomimetic synthetic Ni-Fe complexes exhibit negligible CO2RR catalytic activities, which emphasizes the significance of effective bimetallic cooperation for CO2 activation. Enlightened by bimetallic synergy, we herein report a dinickel complex, NiIINiII(bphpp)(AcO)2 (where NiNi(bphpp) is derived from H2bphpp = 2,9-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-3-pyridylphenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline) for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO, which exhibits a remarkable reactivity approximately 5 times higher than that of the mononuclear Ni catalyst. Electrochemical and computational studies have revealed that the redox-active phenanthroline moiety effectively modulates the electron injection and transfer akin to the [Fe3S4] cluster in NiFe-CODH, and the secondary Ni site facilitates the C-O bond activation and cleavage through electron mediation and Lewis acid characteristics. Our work underscores the significant role of bimetallic cooperation in CO2 reduction catalysis and provides valuable guidance for the rational design of CO2RR catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Center of Basic Molecular
Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Center of Basic Molecular
Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular
Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming-Tian Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular
Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Sun H, Liu X, Li Y, Zhang F, Huang X, Sun C, Huang F. Mechanistic insights of electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction by Mn complexes: synergistic effects of the ligands. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1663-1672. [PMID: 38168800 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03453d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic mechanisms of CO2 reduction catalyzed by pyridine-oxazoline (pyrox)-based Mn catalysts were investigated by DFT calculations. In-depth comparative analyses of pyrox-based and bipyridine-based Mn complexes were carried out. C-OH cleavage is the rate-determining step for both the protonation-first path and the reduction-first path. The free energy of CO2 activation (ΔG1) and the electrons donated by CO ligands in this step are effective descriptors in regulating the C-OH cleavage barrier. The reduction of carboxylate complex 6 (E6) is the potential-determining step for the reduction-first path. Meanwhile, for the protonation-first path, the initial generation (E2) or the regeneration (E8) of active catalyst might be potential-determining. Hirshfeld charge and orbital contribution analysis indicate that E6 is definitely based on the heterocyclic ligand and E2 is related to both the heterocyclic ligand and three CO ligands. Therefore, replacement of the CO ligand by a stronger electron donating ligand can effectively boost the catalytic activity of CO2 reduction without increasing the overpotential in the reduction-first path. This hypothesis is supported by the mechanism calculations of the Mn complex in which the axial CO ligand is replaced by a pyridine or PMe3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Sun
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiuxiu Huang
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanzhi Sun
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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7
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Carr CR, Vrionides MA, Grills DC. Reactivity of radiolytically and photochemically generated tertiary amine radicals towards a CO2 reduction catalyst. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:244503. [PMID: 38146832 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Homogeneous solar fuels photocatalytic systems often require several additives in solution with the catalyst to operate, such as a photosensitizer (PS), Brønsted acid/base, and a sacrificial electron donor (SED). Tertiary amines, in particular triethylamine (TEA) and triethanolamine (TEOA), are ubiquitously deployed in photocatalysis applications as SEDs and are capable of reductively quenching the PS's excited state. Upon oxidation, TEA and TEOA form TEA•+ and TEOA•+ radical cations, respectively, which decay by proton transfer to generate redox non-innocent transient radicals, TEA• and TEOA•, respectively, with redox potentials that allow them to participate in an additional electron transfer step, thus resulting in net one-photon/two-electron donation. However, the properties of the TEA• and TEOA• radicals are not well understood, including their reducing powers and kinetics of electron transfer to catalysts. Herein, we have used both pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis to generate TEA• and TEOA• radicals in CH3CN, and combined with UV/Vis transient absorption and time-resolved mid-infrared spectroscopies, we have probed the kinetics of reduction of the well-established CO2 reduction photocatalyst, fac-ReCl(bpy)(CO)3 (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), by these radicals [kTEA• = (4.4 ± 0.3) × 109 M-1 s-1 and kTEOA• = (9.3 ± 0.6) × 107 M-1 s-1]. The ∼50× smaller rate constant for TEOA• indicates, that in contrast to a previous assumption, TEA• is a more potent reductant than TEOA• (by ∼0.2 V, as estimated using the Marcus cross relation). This knowledge will aid in the design of photocatalytic systems involving SEDs. We also show that TEA can be a useful radiolytic solvent radical scavenger for pulse radiolysis experiments in CH3CN, effectively converting unwanted oxidizing radicals into useful reducing equivalents in the form of TEA• radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody R Carr
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Michael A Vrionides
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - David C Grills
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
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8
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Peng LY, Pan GN, Chen WK, Liu XY, Fang WH, Cui G. Photocatalytic Reduction of CO 2 to HCOOH and CO by a Phosphine-Bipyridine-Phosphine Ir(III) Catalyst: Photophysics, Nonadiabatic Effects, Mechanism, and Selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202315300. [PMID: 38085965 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is one of the best solutions to solve the global energy crisis and to realize carbon neutralization. The tetradentate phosphine-bipyridine (bpy)-phosphine (PNNP)-type Ir(III) photocatalyst, Mes-IrPCY2, was reported with a high HCOOH selectivity but the photocatalytic mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we employ electronic structure methods in combination with radiative, nonradiative, and electron transfer rate calculations, to explore the entire photocatalytic cycle to either HCOOH or CO, based on which a new mechanistic scenario is proposed. The catalytic reduction reaction starts from the generation of the precursor metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3 MLCT) state. Subsequently, the divergence happens from the 3 MLCT state, the single electron transfer (SET) and deprotonation process lead to the formation of one-electron-reduced species and Ir(I) species, which initiate the reduction reaction to HCOOH and CO, respectively. Interestingly, the efficient occurrence of proton or electron transfer reduces barriers of critical steps. In addition, nonadiabatic transitions play a nonnegligible role in the cycle. We suggest a lower free-energy barrier in the reaction-limiting step and the very efficient SET in 3 MLCT are cooperatively responsible for a high HCOOH selectivity. The gained mechanistic insights could help chemists to understand, regulate, and design photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction of similar function-integrated molecular photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Guang-Ning Pan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wen-Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China
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9
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Jennings M, Cuéllar E, Rojo A, Ferrero S, García-Herbosa G, Nganga J, Angeles-Boza AM, Martín-Alvarez JM, Miguel D, Villafañe F. 1,2-Azolylamidino ruthenium(II) complexes with DMSO ligands: electro- and photocatalysts for CO 2 reduction. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16974-16983. [PMID: 37933188 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01122d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
New 1,2-azolylamidino complexes fac-[RuCl(DMSO)3(NHC(R)az*-κ2N,N)]OTf [R = Me (2), Ph (3); az* = pz (pyrazolyl, a), indz (indazolyl, b)] are synthesized via chloride abstraction from their corresponding precursors cis,fac-[RuCl2(DMSO)3(az*H)] (1) after subsequent base-catalyzed coupling of the appropriate nitrile with the 1,2-azole previously coordinated. All the compounds are characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy. Those derived from MeCN are also characterized by X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical studies showed several reduction waves in the range of -1.5 to -3 V. The electrochemical behavior in CO2 media is consistent with CO2 electrocatalytic reduction. The catalytic activity expressed as [icat(CO2)/ip(Ar)] ranged from 1.7 to 3.7 for the 1,2-azolylamidino complexes at voltages of ca. -2.7 to -3 V vs. ferrocene/ferrocenium. Controlled potential electrolysis showed rapid decomposition of the Ru catalysts. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction experiments using compounds 1b, 2b and 3b carried out in a CO2-saturated MeCN/TEOA (4 : 1 v/v) solution containing a mixture of the catalyst and [Ru(bipy)3]2+ as the photosensitizer under continuous irradiation (light intensity of 150 mW cm-2 at 25 °C, λ > 300 nm) show that compounds 1b, 2b and 3b allowed CO2 reduction catalysis, producing CO and trace amounts of formate. The combined turnover number for the production of formate and CO is ca. 100 after 8 h and follows the order 1b < 2b ≈ 3b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murphy Jennings
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Elena Cuéllar
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Ariadna Rojo
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Ferrero
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Gabriel García-Herbosa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - John Nganga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alfredo M Angeles-Boza
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jose M Martín-Alvarez
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Daniel Miguel
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Villafañe
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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10
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Dongare S, Coskun OK, Cagli E, Lee KYC, Rao G, Britt RD, Berben LA, Gurkan B. A Bifunctional Ionic Liquid for Capture and Electrochemical Conversion of CO 2 to CO over Silver. ACS Catal 2023; 13:7812-7821. [PMID: 37342831 PMCID: PMC10278597 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical conversion of CO2 requires selective catalysts and high solubility of CO2 in the electrolyte to reduce the energy requirement and increase the current efficiency. In this study, the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) over Ag electrodes in acetonitrile-based electrolytes containing 0.1 M [EMIM][2-CNpyr] (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 2-cyanopyrolide), a reactive ionic liquid (IL), is shown to selectively (>94%) convert CO2 to CO with a stable current density (6 mA·cm-2) for at least 12 h. The linear sweep voltammetry experiments show the onset potential of CO2 reduction in acetonitrile shifts positively by 240 mV when [EMIM][2-CNpyr] is added. This is attributed to the pre-activation of CO2 through the carboxylate formation via the carbene intermediate of the [EMIM]+ cation and the carbamate formation via binding to the nucleophilic [2-CNpyr]- anion. The analysis of the electrode-electrolyte interface by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) confirms the catalytic role of the functionalized IL where the accumulation of the IL-CO2 adduct between -1.7 and -2.3 V vs Ag/Ag+ and the simultaneous CO formation are captured. This study reveals the electrode surface species and the role of the functionalized ions in lowering the energy requirement of CO2RR for the design of multifunctional electrolytes for the integrated capture and conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saudagar Dongare
- Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Oguz Kagan Coskun
- Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Eda Cagli
- Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Kevin Y. C. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Guodong Rao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - R. David Britt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Louise A. Berben
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Burcu Gurkan
- Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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11
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Sun L, Zhang Z, Bian J, Bai F, Su H, Li Z, Xie J, Xu R, Sun J, Bai L, Chen C, Han Y, Tang J, Jing L. A Z-Scheme Heterojunctional Photocatalyst Engineered with Spatially Separated Dual Redox Sites for Selective CO 2 Reduction with Water: Insight by In Situ µs-Transient Absorption Spectra. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300064. [PMID: 36872578 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven CO2 reduction by water with a Z-scheme heterojunction affords an avenue to access energy storage and to alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, yet the separation of charge carriers and the integrative regulation of water oxidation and CO2 activation sites remain challenging. Here, a BiVO4 /g-C3 N4 (BVO/CN) Z-scheme heterojunction as such a prototype is constructed by spatially separated dual sites with CoOx clusters and imidazolium ionic liquids (IL) toward CO2 photoreduction. The optimized CoOx -BVO/CN-IL delivers an ≈80-fold CO production rate without H2 evolution compared with urea-C3 N4 counterpart, together with nearly stoichiometric O2 gas produced. Experimental results and DFT calculations unveil the cascade Z-scheme charge transfer and subsequently the prominent redox co-catalysis by CoOx and IL for holes-H2 O oxidation and electrons-CO2 reduction, respectively. Moreover, in situ µs-transient absorption spectra clearly show the function of each cocatalyst and quantitatively reveal that the resulting CoOx -BVO/CN-IL reaches up to the electron transfer efficiency of 36.4% for CO2 reduction, far beyond those for BVO/CN (4.0%) and urea-CN (0.8%), underlining an exceptional synergy of dual reaction sites engineering. This work provides deep insights and guidelines for the rational design of highly efficient Z-scheme heterojunctions with precise redox catalytic sites toward solar fuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Ziqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Ji Bian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Fuquan Bai
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Hengwei Su
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jijia Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Rongping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Linlu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Cailing Chen
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu Han
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junwang Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- Industrial catalysis center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
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12
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Shen Y, Yao Y, Lu L, Zhu C, Fang Q, Wang J, Song S. Insights into dual effect of missing linker-cluster domain defects for photocatalytic 2e - ORR: Radical reaction and electron behavior. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138220. [PMID: 36842559 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic 2e- ORR paves a promising avenue for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. However, the obscure structure-activity relationship between a specific structure and photocatalytic 2e- ORR restricts the understanding of its intrinsic mechanism. In this work, Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) with missing linker-cluster domain (MLCD) defects were employed as a model to shed new light on the effect of MLCD defect on photocatalytic 2e- ORR, which mainly focused on the radical reaction and electron behavior. Experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that incorporating MLCD defects significantly lowered the contribution rate of reactive superoxide radical (·O2-). Meanwhile, the retarded interfacial charge transfer via "Ti-O″ bridge was caused by the undesirable electron dissipation and augmented orbital-limited resistance induced by electron spin polarization. Therefore, the photocatalytic 2e- ORR activity was decreased to 30% of its origin by construction MLCD defects. This study provides insights into the internal mechanism of photocatalytic 2e- ORR for designing and optimizing excellent defective nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China.
| | - Yanchi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Lun Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China.
| | - Qile Fang
- Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, 519087, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Shuang Song
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
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13
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Faustino LA, Machado AEH, Maia PIS, Concepcion JJ, Patrocinio AOT. Electrocatalytic properties of a novel ruthenium(II) terpyridine-based complex towards CO 2 reduction. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:4442-4455. [PMID: 36917192 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00121k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic properties of Ru complexes are of great technological interest given their potential application in reactions such water splitting and CO2 reduction. In this work, a novel terpyridine-based Ru(II) complex, [RuCl(trpy)(acpy)], trpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, acpy- = 2-pyridylacetate was synthesized and its spectroscopic, electrochemical and catalytic properties were explored in detail. In dry acetonitrile, the complex exhibits two reduction peaks at -1.95 V and -2.20 V vs. Fc/Fc+, attributed to consecutive 1 e- reduction. Under CO2 atmosphere, a catalytic wave is observed (Eonset = 2.1 V vs. Fc/Fc+), with CO as the main reduction product. Bulk electrolysis reveals a turnover number (TON) of 12 (kobs = 1.5 s-1). In the presence of 1% water, an improvement in the catalytic activity is observed (TONCO = 21 and kobs = 2.0 s-1) and, additionally, formate was also detected (TONHCOO = 7). Spectroelectrochemical experiments allowed the identification of a metallocarboxylate (Ru-COO-) intermediate under anhydrous conditions, while in water, the partial labilization of the acpy- ligand was observed in the course of the catalytic cycle. The experimental data was combined with DFT calculations, allowing the proposal of a catalytic cycle. The results establish important relationships between selectivity, ligand structure and reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro A Faustino
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Av. João Naves de Ávila 212, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Antonio E H Machado
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Av. João Naves de Ávila 212, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Programa de Doutorado em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Catalão - UFCat, Av. Dr. Lamartine Pinto de Avelar 1120, Catalão, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Pedro I S Maia
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Compostos Bioativos (NDCBio), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Av. Dr. Randolfo Borges 1400, 38025-440, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Javier J Concepcion
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Antonio Otavio T Patrocinio
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Av. João Naves de Ávila 212, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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14
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Florian J, Cole JM. Analyzing Structure-Activity Variations for Mn-Carbonyl Complexes in the Reduction of CO 2 to CO. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:318-335. [PMID: 36541860 PMCID: PMC9832541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 often suffer from low stability, activity, and selectivity, or a combination thereof. Mn-carbonyl complexes represent a promising class of molecular electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to CO as they are able to promote this reaction at relatively mild overpotentials, whereby rare-earth metals are not required. The electronic and geometric structure of the reaction center of these molecular electrocatalysts is precisely known and can be tuned via ligand modifications. However, ligand characteristics that are required to achieve high catalytic turnover at minimal overpotential remain unclear. We consider 55 Mn-carbonyl complexes, which have previously been synthesized and characterized experimentally. Four intermediates were identified that are common across all catalytic mechanisms proposed for Mn-carbonyl complexes, and their structures were used to calculate descriptors for each of the 55 Mn-carbonyl complexes. These electronic-structure-based descriptors encompass the binding energies, the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, and partial charges. Trends in turnover frequency and overpotential with these descriptors were analyzed to afford meaningful physical insights into what ligand characteristics lead to good catalytic performance, and how this is affected by the reaction conditions. These insights can be expected to significantly contribute to the rational design of more active Mn-carbonyl electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Florian
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jacqueline M. Cole
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.,ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus for Science and Innovation, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K.,
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15
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Syntheses, crystal structure, luminescent properties and Hirshfeld surface of a set of triazole-based salts. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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16
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Siegel RE, Pattanayak S, Berben LA. Reactive Capture of CO 2: Opportunities and Challenges. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Siegel
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95161, United States
| | - Santanu Pattanayak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95161, United States
| | - Louise A. Berben
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95161, United States
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17
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Hong YH, Lee YM, Nam W, Fukuzumi S. Reaction Intermediates in Artificial Photosynthesis with Molecular Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Korea
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Korea
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18
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Turning photocatalytic H2 evolution into CO2 reduction of molecular nickel(II) complexes by using a redox–active bipyridine ligand. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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CO2 Electroreduction on Carbon-Based Electrodes Functionalized with Molecular Organometallic Complexes—A Mini Review. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous electrochemical CO2 reduction has potential advantages with respect to the homogeneous counterpart due to the easier recovery of products and catalysts, the relatively small amounts of catalyst necessary for efficient electrolysis, the longer lifetime of the catalysts, and the elimination of solubility problems. Unfortunately, several disadvantages are also present, including the difficulty of designing the optimized and best-performing catalysts by the appropriate choice of the ligands as well as a larger heterogeneity in the nature of the catalytic site that introduces differences in the mechanistic pathway and in electrogenerated products. The advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems can be preserved by anchoring intact organometallic molecules on the electrode surface with the aim of increasing the dispersion of active components at a molecular level and facilitating the electron transfer to the electrocatalyst. Electrode functionalization can be obtained by non-covalent or covalent interactions and by direct electropolymerization on the electrode surface. A critical overview covering the very recent literature on CO2 electroreduction by intact organometallic complexes attached to the electrode is summarized herein, and particular attention is given to their catalytic performances. We hope this mini review can provide new insights into the development of more efficient CO2 electrocatalysts for real-life applications.
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20
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Scherpf T, Carr CR, Donnelly LJ, Dubrawski ZS, Gelfand BS, Piers WE. A Mesoionic Carbene-Pyridine Bidentate Ligand That Improves Stability in Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction by a Molecular Manganese Catalyst. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13644-13656. [PMID: 35981323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tricarbonyl Group 7 complexes have a longstanding history as efficacious CO2 electroreduction catalysts. Typically, these complexes feature an auxiliary 2,2'-bipyridine ligand that assists in redox steps by delocalizing the electron density into the ligand orbitals. While this feature lends to an accessible redox potential for CO2 electroreduction, it also presents challenges for electrocatalysis with Mn because the electron density is removed from metal-ligand bonding orbitals. The results presented here thus introduce a mesoionic carbene (MIC) as a potent ligand platform to promote Mn-based electrocatalysis. The strong σ donation of the N,C-bidentate MIC is shown to help centralize the electron density on the Mn center while also maintaining relevant redox potentials for CO2 electroreduction. Mechanistic investigation supports catalytic turnover at two operative potentials separated by 400 mV. In the low operating potential regime at -1.54 V, Mn(0) species catalyze CO2 to CO and CO32-, which has a maximum rate of 7 ± 5 s-1 and is stable for up to 30.7 h. At higher operating potential at -1.94 V, "Mn(-1)" catalyzes CO2 to CO and H2O with faster turnovers of 200 ± 100 s-1, with the trade-off being less stability at 6.7 h. The relative stabilities of Mn complexes bearing MIC and 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine were compared by evaluation under the same electrolysis conditions and therefore elucidated that the MIC promotes longevity for CO evolution throughout a 5 h period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Scherpf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Cody R Carr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Laurie J Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Zachary S Dubrawski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Warren E Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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21
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Capulín Flores L, Paul LA, Siewert I, Havenith R, Zúñiga-Villarreal N, Otten E. Neutral Formazan Ligands Bound to the fac-(CO) 3Re(I) Fragment: Structural, Spectroscopic, and Computational Studies. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13532-13542. [PMID: 35969867 PMCID: PMC9438031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes with ligands that coordinate via the nitrogen atom of azo (N═N) or imino (C═N) groups are of interest due to their π-acceptor properties and redox-active nature, which leads to interesting (opto)electronic properties and reactivity. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterization of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes with neutral N,N-bidentate formazans, which possess both N═N and C═N fragments within the ligand backbone (Ar1-NH-N═C(R3)-N═N-Ar5). The compounds were synthesized by reacting equimolar amounts of [ReBr(CO)5] and the corresponding neutral formazan. X-ray crystallographic and spectroscopic (IR, NMR) characterization confirmed the generation of formazan-type species with the structure fac-[ReBr(CO)3(κ2-N2,N4(Ar1-N1H-N2═C(R3)-N3═N4-Ar5))]. The formazan ligand coordinates the metal center in the 'open' form, generating a five-membered chelate ring with a pendant NH arm. The electronic absorption and emission properties of these complexes are governed by the presence of low-lying π*-orbitals on the ligand as shown by DFT calculations. The high orbital mixing between the metal and ligand results in photophysical properties that contrast to those observed in fac-[ReBr(CO)3(L,L)] species with α-diimine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Capulín Flores
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, 04510 México, D.F., México
| | - Lucas A Paul
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inke Siewert
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Remco Havenith
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Noé Zúñiga-Villarreal
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, 04510 México, D.F., México
| | - Edwin Otten
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Shipp J, Parker S, Spall S, Peralta-Arriaga SL, Robertson CC, Chekulaev D, Portius P, Turega S, Buckley A, Rothman R, Weinstein JA. Photocatalytic Reduction of CO 2 to CO in Aqueous Solution under Red-Light Irradiation by a Zn-Porphyrin-Sensitized Mn(I) Catalyst. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13281-13292. [PMID: 35960651 PMCID: PMC9446891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
This work demonstrates photocatalytic CO2 reduction
by a noble-metal-free photosensitizer-catalyst system in aqueous solution
under red-light irradiation. A water-soluble Mn(I) tricarbonyl diimine
complex, [MnBr(4,4′-{Et2O3PCH2}2-2,2′-bipyridyl)(CO)3] (1), has been fully characterized, including single-crystal X-ray crystallography,
and shown to reduce CO2 to CO following photosensitization
by tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin Zn(II) tetrachloride
[Zn(TMPyP)]Cl4 (2) under 625 nm irradiation.
This is the first example of 2 employed as a photosensitizer
for CO2 reduction. The incorporation of −P(O)(OEt)2 groups, decoupled from the core of the catalyst by a −CH2– spacer, afforded water solubility without compromising
the electronic properties of the catalyst. The photostability of the
active Mn(I) catalyst over prolonged periods of irradiation with red
light was confirmed by 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. This first report on Mn(I) species as a homogeneous
photocatalyst, working in water and under red light, illustrates further
future prospects of intrinsically photounstable Mn(I) complexes as
solar-driven catalysts in an aqueous environment. A Mn(I) bipyridyl tricarbonyl complex,
where the diimine
ligand is functionalized with water-solubilizing phosphonate ester
groups, has been prepared and is shown to catalytically convert CO2 to CO in aqueous solution following photosensitization from
a water-soluble Zn(II) porphyrin under red-light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Shipp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Simon Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Steven Spall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | | | - Craig C Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Peter Portius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Simon Turega
- Department of Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, U.K
| | - Alastair Buckley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
| | - Rachael Rothman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
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23
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Chen L, Wu Y, Hu Y, Chao D. A simple terpyridine–cobalt(II) complex sensitized by connective mpg–C3N4 for improved CO2 photoreduction. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Carr CR, Koenig JDB, Grant MJ, Piers WE, Welch GC. Boosting CO 2-to-CO evolution using a bimetallic diketopyrrolopyrrole tethered rhenium bipyridine catalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01453j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of homogeneous electro- and photo-catalysis involving molecular catalysts offers valuable insight into reaction mechanisms as it relates to the structure–function of these tunable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody R. Carr
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Josh D. B. Koenig
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Michael J. Grant
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Warren E. Piers
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gregory C. Welch
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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