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Selinger AJ, Krämer J, Poarch E, Hore D, Biedermann F, Hof F. Mixed host co-assembled systems for broad-scope analyte sensing. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12388-12397. [PMID: 39118638 PMCID: PMC11304549 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02788d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we report a systems chemistry oriented approach for developing information-rich mixed host chemosensors. We show that co-assembling macrocyclic hosts from different classes, DimerDye sulfonatocalix[4]arenes and cucurbit[n]urils, effectively increases the scope of analyte binding interactions and therefore, sensory outputs. This simple dynamic strategy exploits cross-reactive noncovalent host-host complexation interactions while integrating a reporter dye, thereby producing emergent photophysical responses when an analyte interacts with either host. We first demonstrate the advantages of mixed host co-assembled chemosensors through an increased detection range of hydrophobic, cationic, neutral, and anionic drugs. We then implement mixed host sensors in an array-based platform for the differentiation of illicit drugs, including cannabinoids, benzodiazepine analogs, opiates, anesthetics, amphetamine, and common adulterating substances. Finally, the potential of this approach is applied to profiling real-world multi-component illicit street drug samples, proving to be more effective than classical sensor arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Selinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria Victoria BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | - Joana Krämer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria Victoria BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Eric Poarch
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria Victoria BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | - Dennis Hore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria Victoria BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | - Frank Biedermann
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Fraser Hof
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria Victoria BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
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2
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Chen FY, Li CZ, Han H, Geng WC, Zhang SX, Jiang ZT, Zhao QY, Cai K, Guo DS. Expanding the Hydrophobic Cavity Surface of Azocalix[4]arene to Enable Biotin/Avidin Affinity with Controlled Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402139. [PMID: 38563765 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The development of artificial receptors that combine ultrahigh-affinity binding and controllable release for active guests holds significant importance in biomedical applications. On one hand, a complex with an exceedingly high binding affinity can resist unwanted dissociation induced by dilution effect and complex interferents within physiological environments. On the other hand, stimulus-responsive release of the guest is essential for precisely activating its function. In this context, we expanded hydrophobic cavity surface of a hypoxia-responsive azocalix[4]arene, affording Naph-SAC4A. This modification significantly enhanced its aqueous binding affinity to 1013 M-1, akin to the naturally occurring strongest recognition pair, biotin/(strept-)avidin. Consequently, Naph-SAC4A emerges as the first artificial receptor to simultaneously integrate ultrahigh recognition affinity and actively controllable release. The markedly enhanced affinity not only improved Naph-SAC4A's sensitivity in detecting rocuronium bromide in serum, but also refined the precision of hypoxia-responsive doxorubicin delivery at the cellular level, demonstrating its immense potential for diverse practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Han
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen-Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu-Xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Ze-Tao Jiang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Kang Cai
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
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3
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Chen J, Moreno JL, Zhang W, Gibson-Elias LJ, Lian R, Najafi S, Zhang H, Zhong W, Hooley RJ. Optical discrimination of terpenes in citrus peels with a host:guest sensing array. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5598-5601. [PMID: 38712724 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01309c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A simple aqueous host:guest sensing array can selectively discriminate between different types of citrus varietal from peel extract samples. It can also distinguish between identical citrus samples at varying stages of ripening. The discrimination effects stem from detection of changes in the terpenoid composition of the peel extracts by the host:guest array, despite the overwhelming excess of a single component, limonene, in each sample. The hosts are insensitive to limonene but bind other monoterpenes strongly, even though they are similar in structure to the major limonene component. This work demonstrates the capability of host:guest arrays in sensing target molecules in environments with the competing agents present at high abundances in the sample matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Jose L Moreno
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Lucas J Gibson-Elias
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Ria Lian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Saba Najafi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Richard J Hooley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
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4
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Zhang F, Du XS, Song KZ, Han Y, Lu HY, Chen CF. A calix[3]carbazole-based cavitand: synthesis, structure and its complexation with fullerenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4962-4965. [PMID: 38629394 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00928b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
A calix[3]carbazole-based cavitand was conveniently synthesized. It was found that the cavitand with adjustable conformation could show excellent complexation with fullerenes C60 and C70 in both solution and the solid state. Moreover, the crystal structures of the host-guest complexes show that the cavitand can stack into channel-like architectures, in which fullerenes are orderly arranged inside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xu-Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Kui-Zhu Song
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Hai-Yan Lu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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5
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Chaudhary KN, Brosnahan KI, Gibson-Elias LJ, Moreno JL, Hickey BL, Hooley RJ, Caulkins BG. Investigation of the effects on proton relaxation times upon encapsulation in a water-soluble synthetic receptor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10183-10190. [PMID: 38497123 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06099c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Sequestration of small molecule guests in the cavity of a water-soluble deep cavitand host has a variety of effects on their NMR properties. The effects of encapsulation on the longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times of the protons in variably sized guest molecules are analyzed here, using inversion recovery and spin-echo experiments. Sequestration of neutral organic species from the bulk solvent reduces the overall proton relaxation times, but the magnitude of this effect on different protons in the same molecule has a variety of contributors, from the motion of the guest when bound, to the position of the protons in the cavity and the magnetic anisotropy induced by the aromatic walls of the host. These subtle effects can have large consequences on the environment experienced by the bound guest, and this sheds light on the nature of small molecules in enclosed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna N Chaudhary
- Department of Natural Sciences, Pitzer and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, California, 91711, USA.
| | - Kyra I Brosnahan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Pitzer and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, California, 91711, USA.
| | - Lucas J Gibson-Elias
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jose L Moreno
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Briana L Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Richard J Hooley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Bethany G Caulkins
- Department of Natural Sciences, Pitzer and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, California, 91711, USA.
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6
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Chen J, Fasihianifard P, Raz AAP, Hickey BL, Moreno JL, Chang CEA, Hooley RJ, Zhong W. Selective recognition and discrimination of single isomeric changes in peptide strands with a host : guest sensing array. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1885-1893. [PMID: 38303931 PMCID: PMC10829040 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06087j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
An indirect competitive binding mechanism can be exploited to allow a combination of cationic fluorophores and water-soluble synthetic receptors to selectively recognize and discriminate peptide strands containing a single isomeric residue in the backbone. Peptide isomerization occurs in long-lived proteins and has been linked with diseases such as Alzheimer's, cataracts and cancer, so isomers are valuable yet underexplored targets for selective recognition. Planar cationic fluorophores can selectively bind hydrophobic, Trp-containing peptide strands in solution, and when paired with receptors that provide a competitive host for the fluorophore, can form a differential sensing array that enables selective discrimination of peptide isomers. Residue variations such as D- and L-Asp, D- and L-isoAsp, D-Ser and D-Glu can all be recognized, simply by their effects on the folded structure of the flexible peptide. Molecular dynamics simulations were applied to determine the most favorable conformation of the peptide : fluorophore conjugate, indicating that favorable π-stacking with internal tryptophan residues in a folded binding pocket enables micromolar binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Chen
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Parisa Fasihianifard
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Alexie Andrea P Raz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Briana L Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Jose L Moreno
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Chia-En A Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Richard J Hooley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
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7
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Jiang R, Nilam M, Hennig A, Nau WM. Dual-Color Real-Time Chemosensing of a Compartmentalized Reaction Network Involving Enzyme-Induced Membrane Permeation of Peptides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306922. [PMID: 37703578 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The design of synthetic systems with interrelated reaction sequences that model incipient biological complexity is limited by physicochemical tools that allow the direct monitoring of the individual processes in real-time. To mimic a simple digestion-resorption sequence, the authors have designed compartmentalized liposomal systems that incorporate extra- and intravesicular chemosensing ensembles. The extravesicular reporter pair consists of cucurbit[7]uril and methylene blue to monitor the enzymatic cleavage of short enkephalin-related peptides by thermolysin through a switch-off fluorescence response ("digestion"). Because the substrate is membrane-impermeable, but the dipeptide product is permeable, uptake of the latter into the pre-formed liposomes occurs as a follow-up process. The intravesicular chemosensing ensemble consists of i) cucurbit[8]uril, 2-anilinonaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid, and methyl viologen or ii) cucurbit[7]uril and berberine to monitor the uptake ("resorption") of the enzymatic products through the liposomal membranes by i) a switch-on or ii) a switch-off fluorescence response. The dyes are designed to allow selective optical excitation and read-out of the extra- and intravesicular dyes, which allow for dual-color chemosensing and, therefore, kinetic discrimination of the two sequential reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Jiang
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Nilam
- Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Department of Biology and Chemistry, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 7, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Department of Biology and Chemistry, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 7, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Werner M Nau
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
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Chen J, Tabaie EZ, Hickey BL, Gao Z, Raz AAP, Li Z, Wilson EH, Hooley RJ, Zhong W. Selective Molecular Recognition and Indicator Displacement Sensing of Neurotransmitters in Cellular Environments. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3195-3204. [PMID: 37477362 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Flexible, water-soluble hosts are capable of selective molecular recognition in cellular environments and can detect neurotransmitters such as choline in cells. Both cationic and anionic water-soluble self-folded deep cavitands can recognize suitable styrylpyridinium dyes in cellular interiors. The dyes selectively accumulate in nucleotide-rich regions of the cell nucleus and cytoplasm. The hosts bind the dyes and promote their relocation to the outer cell membrane: the lipophilic cavitands predominantly reside in membrane environments but are still capable of binding suitable targets in other cellular organelles. Incubating the cells with structurally similar biomarkers such as choline, cholamine, betaine, or butyrylcholine illustrates the selective recognition. Choline and butyrylcholine can be bound by the hosts, but minimal binding is seen with betaine or cholamine. Varying the dye allows control of the optical detection method, and both "turn-on" sensing and "turn-off" sensing are possible.
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Cruz-Nava S, Valencia-Loza SDJ, Percástegui EG. Protection and Transformation of Natural Products within Aqueous Metal–Organic Cages. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Cruz-Nava
- National Autonomous University of Mexico Faculty of Science: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Facultad de Ciencias Institute of Chemistry MEXICO
| | | | - Edmundo Guzmán Percástegui
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Instituto de Química Instituto de Química at CCIQS UAEM-UNAM MEXICO
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Prabodh A, Sinn S, Biedermann F. Analyte sensing with unselectively binding synthetic receptors: virtues of time-resolved supramolecular assays. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13947-13950. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04831k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved supramolecular assays probe analyte-characteristic complexation and decomplexation rates. Consequently, even unselectively binding synthetic receptors can be used for analyte identification and quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Prabodh
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Stephan Sinn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Frank Biedermann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
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Cho J, Kim S. Selective sensing of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) by a calix[6]triazolium-based colorimetric sensing ensemble. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32784-32789. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05987h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A calix[6]triazolium-based colorimetric sensing ensemble has been developed that exhibits a distinct color change in the presence of AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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