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Wang MY, Zeng WL, Chen L, Yuan YF, Li W. Umpolung-Enabled Divergent Dearomative Carbonylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403917. [PMID: 38818640 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Although dearomative functionalizations enable the direct conversion of flat aromatics into precious three-dimensional architectures, the case for simple arenes remains largely underdeveloped owing to the high aromatic stabilization energy. We herein report a dearomative sequential addition of two nucleophiles to arene π-bonds through umpolung of chromium-arene complexes. This mode enables divergent dearomative carbonylation reactions of benzene derivatives by tolerating various nucleophiles in combination with alcohols or amines under CO-gas-free conditions, thus providing modular access to functionalized esters or amides. The tunable synthesis of 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexadienes as well as the construction of carbon quaternary centers further highlight the versatility of this dearomatization. Diverse late-stage modifications and derivatizations towards synthetically challenging and bioactive molecules reveal the synthetic utility. A possible mechanism was proposed based on control experiments and intermediate tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei-Long Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu-Fei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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2
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Lin Q, Duan Y, Li Y, Jian R, Yang K, Jia Z, Xia Y, Zhang L, Luo S. Enantioselective S N1-type reaction via electrochemically generated chiral α-Imino carbocation intermediate. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6900. [PMID: 39134515 PMCID: PMC11319787 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical reactions via carbocation intermediates remain fundamental transformations that build up molecular functionality and complexity in a sustainable manner. Enantioselective control of such processes is a great challenge in a highly ionic electrolyte solution. Here, we report an anodic generation of chiral α-imino carbocation intermediates by enamine catalysis. The chiral carbocation intermediates can be intercepted by a variety of nucleophiles such as alcohols, water and thiols with high stereoselectivity. The key SN1 step proceeds via a tertiary amine-mediated proton shuttle that facilitates facial selection in reacting with carbocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Lin
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingdong Duan
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Li
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijun Jian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongbin Jia
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, China.
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, China.
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3
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Li Y, Gong Y. Formation of N, N, N', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine via coupling of the two charge reversed C-N bonds of Me 3NO in the presence of an Eu(II) bis(trimethylsilyl)amide complex. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5342-5345. [PMID: 38303679 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
An N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) complex of Eu(II) was synthesized via an unprecedented self-aminomethylation of Me3NO in the presence of Eu[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)2. The neutral TMEDA ligand is formed via the coupling of two charge reversed carbon centres from the same precursor Me3NO. In contrast, the reactions of LnII[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)2 (Ln = Yb, Sm) with Me3NO led to the oxygen-bridged dinuclear complexes of Ln(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjuan Li
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
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4
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Xie T, Huang J, Li J, Peng L, Song J, Guo C. Cu-catalyzed asymmetric regiodivergent electrosynthesis and its application in the enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-fumimycin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6749. [PMID: 37875470 PMCID: PMC10598217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Quaternary amino acids are one of the essential building blocks and precursors of medicinally important compounds. Various synthetic strategies towards their synthesis have been reported. On the other hand, developing core-structure-oriented cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reactions, is a largely unsolved problem. Herein, we describe a copper-catalyzed regiodivergent electrochemical CDC reaction of Schiff bases and commercially available hydroquinones to obtain three classes of chiral quaternary amino acid derivatives for the efficient assembly of complex scaffolds with excellent stereocontrol. The electrochemical anodic oxidation process with slow releasing of quinones serves as an internal syringe pump and provides high levels of reaction efficiency and enantiomeric control. The utility of this strategy is highlighted through the synthetic utility in the asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-fumimycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xie
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lingzi Peng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jin Song
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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5
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Kaur R, Singh RP. Stereoselective Reductive Coupling Reactions Utilizing [1,2]-Phospha-Brook Rearrangement: A Powerful Umpolung Approach. J Org Chem 2023; 88:10325-10338. [PMID: 37460945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
[1,2]-Phospha-Brook rearrangement entails the generation of α-oxygenated carbanions via the umpolung process. Recently, these anionic species have been widely utilized for several C-C bond forming strategies, providing various useful frameworks that are difficult to access through conventional approaches. However, the application of this powerful methodology in the development of chiral strategies is still at the nascent stage due to challenges involved in controlling chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity. This synopsis provides a detailed summary of diastereo- and/or enantioselective chemical transformations using [1,2]-phospha-Brook rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ravi P Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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6
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Wu X, Chi YR. Exploring Molecular Complexity by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis: New Activation and Reaction Diversity. CHEM REC 2022:e202200219. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Liu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University, Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University, Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Xingxing Wu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University, Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University, Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
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7
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Jia H, Ritter T. α-Thianthrenium Carbonyl Species: The Equivalent of an α-Carbonyl Carbocation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208978. [PMID: 35895980 PMCID: PMC9804271 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we report an α-thianthrenium carbonyl species, as the equivalent of an α-carbonyl carbocation, which is generated by the radical conjugate addition of a trifluoromethyl thianthrenium salt to Michael acceptors. The reactivity allows for the synthesis of Cα -tetrasubstituted α- and β-amino acid analogues via a Ritter reaction by addition of acetonitrile. Addition of hydroxide, methoxide, and even fluoride can afford α-heteroatom substituted α-phenylpropanoates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany,Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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8
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Jia H, Ritter T. α‐Thianthrenium Carbonyl Species: The Equivalent of an α‐Carbonyl Carbocation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Max-Planck-Institute für Kohlenforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung Chemistry Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Muelheim an der Ruhr GERMANY
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung Department of Organic Chemistry Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Muelheim an der Ruhr GERMANY
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