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Xiong Y, Gong Q, Miao Q. Synthesis, Molecular Packing and Semiconductor Properties of V-Shaped N-Heteroacene Dimers. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300623. [PMID: 37584325 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
This article presents two groups of V-shaped π-scaffolds that consist of two N-heteroacene units fused with either a rigid or flexible eight-membered ring. These rigid and flexible N-heteroacene dimers were synthesized through the condensation of tetraphenylenetetraone with the corresponding diamine and the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of tetrabromodibenzo[a,e]cyclooctatetraene with the corresponding diamine, respectively. A comparison of electronic structures and properties of the two groups of V-shaped N-heteroacene dimers shows subtle difference between the rigid and flexible eight-membered ring linkers in forming extended π-systems. X-ray crystallography of these V-shaped molecules has revealed interesting π-π interaction modes, which are dependent on the central connecting units and substituting groups. These π-π interactions between the V-shaped π-scaffolds have enabled the molecules to function as organic semiconductors in solution-processed field effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Gong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Matter ME, Čamdžić L, Stache EE. Photothermal Conversion by Carbon Black Facilitates Aryl Migration by Photon-Promoted Temperature Gradients. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308648. [PMID: 37579057 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The Newman Kwart Rearrangement (NKR) offers an efficient and high-yielding method for producing substituted thiophenols from phenols. While an industrially important protocol, it suffers from high activation energy barriers (35-43 kcal/mol), requiring the use of extreme temperatures (>200 °C) and specialty equipment. This report details a highly efficient and straightforward method for facilitating the NKR using photothermal conversion. This underused, unique reactivity pathway arises from the irradiation of nanomaterials that relax via a non-radiative decay pathway to generate intense thermal gradients. We show carbon black (CB) can be an inexpensive and abundant photothermal agent under visible light irradiation to achieve a facile NKR under mild conditions. The scope includes a wide array of stereo- and electronically diverse substrates with increasing difficulty of rearrangement, including BHT and BINOL as effective substrates. Furthermore, we demonstrate the unique application for temporal control in a thermal reaction and tunability of thermal gradients by modulating light intensity. Ultimately, photothermal conversion enables high-temperature reactions with simple, visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Matter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Lejla Čamdžić
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Erin E Stache
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
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3
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Ye L, Miao Q. Oxanorbornene-Fused Phenazine-Pyrene Scaffolds with Different Configurations. Chemistry 2023:e202203693. [PMID: 36918515 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
New molecular scaffolds of C-, Z- and box-shaped configurations are constructed by fusing phenazine and pyrene units with oxanorbornene. As revealed by X-ray crystallography, the C-shaped molecules exhibit two interesting π-π stacking modes of phenazine depending on the substituting groups, and the box-shaped molecule accommodates two chloroform molecules in the cavity and forms H-bonds with another four molecules of chloroform. The C- and Z-shaped molecules as a pair of diastereomers exhibit almost the same charge transfer absorption and emission including positive solvatochromism, indicating that the intramolecular charge transfer between pyrene (π-donor) and phenazine (π-acceptor) is not dependent on the overall molecular geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ye
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Chemistry, HONG KONG
| | - Qian Miao
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Chemistry, Shatin, N.T., HONG KONG
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Sheng H, Liu Q, Zhang BB, Wang ZX, Chen XY. Visible-Light-Induced N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Single Electron Reduction of Mono-Fluoro arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218468. [PMID: 36633173 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroarenes are abundant and readily available feedstocks. However, due to the high reduction potentials of mono-fluoroarenes, their photoreduction remains a continuing challenge, motivating the development of efficient activation modes to address this issue. This report presents the blue light-induced N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed single electron reduction of mono-fluoroarenes for biaryl cross-couplings. We discovered that under blue light irradiation, NHC/tBuOK combination could construct powerful photoactive architectures to promote single electron transfer for Caryl -F bond reduction via forming highly reducing NHC radical anion. Notably, the strategy was also successful to reduce Caryl -O, Caryl -N, and Caryl -S bonds for biaryl cross-couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Sheng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, Shandong Province, 256606, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, Shandong Province, 256606, China
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Hierlmeier G, Tosatti P, Puentener K, Chirik PJ. Identification of Cyclohexadienyl Hydrides as Intermediates in Molybdenum-Catalyzed Arene Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216026. [PMID: 36351208 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of phosphino(imino)pyridine (PIP) molybdenum cyclooctadiene (COD) complexes [(PIP)Mo(COD)] with dihydrogen in the presence of benzene selectively furnished the molybdenum cyclohexadienyl hydrides [(PIP)MoH(η5 -C6 H7 )], which are precatalysts for the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane. [(PIP)MoH(η5 -C6 H7 )] arises from a rarely observed insertion of benzene into a molybdenum-hydride bond, a key step in the molybdenum-catalyzed homogeneous hydrogenation of arenes. The reaction with toluene afforded a single isomer of the corresponding molybdenum cyclohexadienyl hydride while para-xylene predominantly formed the molybdenum η6 -arene complex with the insertion product being a minor component. Addition of carbon monoxide to a cyclohexane-d12 solution of [(PIP)MoH(η5 -C6 H7 )] liberated cyclohexadiene, providing experimental support for a higher kinetic barrier for the subsequent steps en route to cycloalkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Tosatti
- Department of Process Chemistry & Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Puentener
- Department of Process Chemistry & Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Takahashi K, Umezane S, Ono T, Fukutomi S, Ihara M, Hisaeda Y, Kawasaki R, Ikeda A. Aqueous Solutions of a Porous Host-Poly-L-lysine Complex with Information on Solids as Different Fluorescence by Guests. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200879. [PMID: 36168662 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
N,N'-dipyrid-3-yl-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide linked to two tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (1) exhibits strong fluorescence emission in the solid state by the formation of a charge-transfer complex containing small aromatic guest molecules. Hydrophobic 1 was dissolved in water by mixing with poly-L-lysine (PLL) as a solubilizing agent. The 1-PLL complex could include small aromatic guest molecules in water, significantly increasing the fluorescence. The fluorescence maxima of 1 in aqueous solution and solid state were different depending on the guest molecule. Therefore, compound 1 was prepared as aqueous solution with information of fluorescence on solids by complexation with PLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Takahashi
- Hiroshima Daigaku, Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, JAPAN
| | - Sota Umezane
- Hiroshima Daigaku, Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, JAPAN
| | - Toshikazu Ono
- Kyushu Daigaku, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, JAPAN
| | - Satoshi Fukutomi
- Kyushu Daigaku, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, JAPAN
| | - Megumi Ihara
- Kyushu Daigaku, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, JAPAN
| | - Yoshio Hisaeda
- Kyushu Daigaku, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, JAPAN
| | - Riku Kawasaki
- Hiroshima Daigaku, Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, JAPAN
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Hiroshima University, Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, 1-4-1, Kagamiyama, 739-8527, Higashi-Hiroshima, JAPAN
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Matsuda C, Suzuki Y, Katagiri H, Murase T. Synthesis of Terminally Fluorinated [7]Helicenes and Their Application to Photochemical Domino Reactions. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:538-547. [PMID: 33471402 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of helicenes deform their π-conjugated screw-shaped skeletons. In particular, terminally tetrafluorinated [7]helicene (F4 -[7]helicene) undergoes a photoinduced Diels-Alder reaction followed by a photoinduced double fluorine atom transfer. Herein, we thoroughly investigated this photochemical domino process by decreasing the level of fluorine substitution. F3 -[7]Helicenes bearing two fluorine atoms at the dienophile terminal underwent photoinduced Diels-Alder reactions, but the whole domino process became slow. F2 -[7]Helicene, which is difluorinated only at the dienophile terminal, was also photolabile. As a result, two fluorine atoms were sufficient for the photochemical domino reaction to occur. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that F2 -[7]helicene was less compressed than F4 -[7]helicene, indicating that terminal polyfluorination enhanced the intramolecular arene-fluoroarene stacking interactions and thus promoted the transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Matsuda
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Yuto Suzuki
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katagiri
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Murase
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
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Wang F, Yu YZ, Chen Y, Yang CY, Yang YY. One-step alcoholysis of lignin into small-molecular aromatics: Influence of temperature, solvent, and catalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 24:e00363. [PMID: 31440458 PMCID: PMC6698935 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The reactant suspension mode is an effective strategy to deoxy-liquefaction of lignin. The catalyst Cu-C has the optimal catalytic activity and selectivity in methanol. The catalyst Fe-SiC possesses the optimal catalytic deoxygenation in ethanol. The cleavages of C—O ether bonds and C—C bonds directly promote the formation of small-molecular aromatics.
Lignin valorization is a challenge because of its complex structure and high thermal stability. Supercritical alcoholysis of lignin without external hydrogen in a self-made high-pressure reactor is investigated under different temperatures (450–500 °C) and solvents as well as catalysts by using a reactant suspension mode. Small-molecular arenes and mono-phenols (C7-C12) are generated under short residence time of 30 min. High temperature (500 °C) favors efficient deoxy-liquefaction of lignin (70%) and formation of small-molecular arenes (C6-C9). Solvents methanol and ethanol demonstrate much more synergistic effect on efficient deoxy-liquefaction of lignin than propanol. The catalyst Cu-C has the optimal activity and selectivity in methanol (70% of conversion, 83.93% of arenes), whereas Fe-SiC possesses the optimal catalytic deoxygenation in ethanol, resulting in the formation of arenes other than phenols. Further analysis indicates that lignin is converted into arenes by efficient cleavages of C—O ether bonds and C—C bonds under high temperature and pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - You-Zhu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Material of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Yigang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Material of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Chun-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Material of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Yuan-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Material of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
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Kuliszewska E, Hammerschmidt F. On the rearrangement of N-aryl- N-Boc-phosphoramidates to N-Boc-protected o-aminoarylphosphonates. Monatsh Chem 2017; 149:87-98. [PMID: 29290635 PMCID: PMC5738464 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-2058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Various arylamines were converted in two steps to N-Boc-N-arylphosphoramidates. LiTMP and LDA induced directed ortho-metalation at temperatures from −78 to 0 °C. The ensuing [1,3]-migration of the phosphorus atom with its substituents from the nitrogen to the ortho-carbanionic carbon atom gave N-Boc-protected o-aminoarylphosphonates. The nature of the substituent of 3-substituted phenylphosphoramidates strongly influenced the regioselectivity of phosphonate formation. A crossover experiment with a deuterated phosphoramidate proved the intramolecular course of the rearrangement. Three representative N-Boc-o-aminoarylphosphonates were deprotected to access the corresponding o-aminoarylphosphonic acids. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Kuliszewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Recent progress in the area of hypervalent iodine-mediated and catalyzed amination reaction of hydrocarbons is reviewed. These reactions comprise processes under both intra and intermolecular control and include the functionalization of aromatic C-H bonds as well as conversion of sp-, sp(2)-, and sp(3)-hybridized carbon atoms. These developments demonstrate that hypervalent iodine(III) methodology has reached a high level in amination chemistry. The individual reactions are discussed with a focus on mechanistic details and emphasis is made to the underlying hypervalent iodine reagents, for which structural information is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Muñiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), 16 Avgda. Països Catalans, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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Riahi A, Shkoor M, Fatunsin O, Lubbe M, Reinke H, Langer P. First synthesis of 4-(arylsulfonyl)phenols by regioselective [3+3] cyclocondensations of 1,3-bis(silyloxy)-1,3-butadienes with 2-arylsulfonyl-3-ethoxy-2-en-1-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2009; 50:115-117. [PMID: 32287440 PMCID: PMC7111812 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 10/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The formal [3+3] cyclization of 1,3-bis(silyloxy)-1,3-butadienes with readily available 2-arylsulfonyl-3-ethoxy-2-en-1-ones resulted in regioselective formation of 4-(arylsulfonyl)phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolmajid Riahi
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mohanad Shkoor
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Olumide Fatunsin
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mathias Lubbe
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Helmut Reinke
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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