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Garcia NA, Tafuri VC, Abdu RB, Roberts CC. Elucidating the Impact of Rare Earth or Transition Metal Identity on the Physical and Electronic Structural Properties of a Series of Redox-Active Tris(amido) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39102431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The use of redox-active ligands with the f-block elements has been employed to promote unique chemical transformations and explore their unique emergent electronic properties for a myriad of applications. In this study, we report eight new tris(amido) metal complexes: 1-Ln (Ln = Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+, and Yb3+), 1-La, and 1-Ti (an early transition metal analogue). The one-electron oxidation of the tris(amido) ligand was conducted to generate semi-iminato complexes 2-Ln, 2-La, and 2-Ti, and these complexes were studied using EPR. Tris(amido) complexes 1-Ln, 1-La, and 1-Ti were fully characterized using a range of spectroscopic (NMR and UV-vis/NIR) and physical techniques (X-ray diffraction and cyclic voltammetry, with the exception of 1-La). Computational methods were employed to further elucidate the electronic structures of these complexes. Lastly, complexes 1-Ln, 1-La, and 1-Ti were probed as catalysts for alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling, and the initial rate of the reaction was measured to explore the influence of the metal ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Victoria C Tafuri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rana B Abdu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Courtney C Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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2
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Chatterjee P, Volkov A, Mi J, Niu M, Sun S, Rossini AJ, Stanley LM, Huang W. Efficient Capture and Release of the Rare-Earth Element Neodymium in Aqueous Solution by Recyclable Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20468-20476. [PMID: 38990189 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Rare-earth elements (REEs) are present in a broad range of critical materials. The development of solid adsorbents for REE capture could enable the cost-effective recycling of REE-containing magnets and electronics. In this context, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising candidates for REE adsorption due to their exceptionally high surface area. Despite having attractive physical properties, COFs are heavily underutilized for REE capture applications due to their limited lifecycle in aqueous acidic environments, as well as synthetic challenges associated with the incorporation of ligands suitable for REE capture. Here, we show how the Ugi multicomponent reaction can be leveraged to postsynthetically modify imine-based COFs for the introduction of a diglycolic acid (DGA) moiety, an efficient scaffold for REE capture. The adsorption capacity of the DGA-functionalized COF was found to be more than 40 times higher than that of the pristine imine COF precursor and more than four times higher than that of the next-best reported DGA-functionalized solid support. This rationally designed COF has appealing characteristics of high adsorption capacity, fast and efficient capture and release of the REE ions, and reliable recyclability, making it one of the most promising adsorbents for solid-liquid REE ion extractions reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puranjan Chatterjee
- U.S. Department of Energy, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Alexander Volkov
- U.S. Department of Energy, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jiashan Mi
- U.S. Department of Energy, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Minghui Niu
- U.S. Department of Energy, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Simin Sun
- U.S. Department of Energy, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- U.S. Department of Energy, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Levi M Stanley
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Wenyu Huang
- U.S. Department of Energy, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Li S, Jansone-Popova S, Jiang DE. Insights into coordination and ligand trends of lanthanide complexes from the Cambridge Structural Database. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11301. [PMID: 38760382 PMCID: PMC11101447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding lanthanide coordination chemistry can help develop new ligands for more efficient separation of lanthanides for critical materials needs. The Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) contains tens of thousands of single crystal structures of lanthanide complexes that can serve as a training ground for both fundamental chemical insights and future machine learning and generative artificial intelligence models. This work aims to understand the currently available structures of lanthanide complexes in CSD by analyzing the coordination shell, donor types, and ligand types, from the perspective of rare-earth element (REE) separations. We obtain four sets of lanthanide complexes from CSD: Subset 1, all Ln-containing complexes (49472 structures); Subset 2, mononuclear Ln complexes (27858 structures); Subset 3, mononuclear Ln complexes without cyclopentadienyl ligands (Cp) (26156 structures); Subset 4, Ln complexes with at least one 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or its derivative as a coordinating ligand (2226 structures). The subsequent analysis of lanthanide complexes in these subsets examines the trends in coordination numbers and first shell distances as well as identifies and characterizes the ligands and donor groups. In addition, examples of Ln-complexes with commercially available complexants and phen-based ligands are interrogated in detail. This systematic investigation lays the groundwork for future data-driven ligand designs for REE separations based on the structural insights into the lanthanide coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Santa Jansone-Popova
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - De-En Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
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Behrsing T, Blair VL, Jaroschik F, Deacon GB, Junk PC. Rare Earths-The Answer to Everything. Molecules 2024; 29:688. [PMID: 38338432 PMCID: PMC10856286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare earths, scandium, yttrium, and the fifteen lanthanoids from lanthanum to lutetium, are classified as critical metals because of their ubiquity in daily life. They are present in magnets in cars, especially electric cars; green electricity generating systems and computers; in steel manufacturing; in glass and light emission materials especially for safety lighting and lasers; in exhaust emission catalysts and supports; catalysts in artificial rubber production; in agriculture and animal husbandry; in health and especially cancer diagnosis and treatment; and in a variety of materials and electronic products essential to modern living. They have the potential to replace toxic chromates for corrosion inhibition, in magnetic refrigeration, a variety of new materials, and their role in agriculture may expand. This review examines their role in sustainability, the environment, recycling, corrosion inhibition, crop production, animal feedstocks, catalysis, health, and materials, as well as considering future uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Behrsing
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (T.B.); (V.L.B.); (G.B.D.)
| | - Victoria L. Blair
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (T.B.); (V.L.B.); (G.B.D.)
| | | | - Glen B. Deacon
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (T.B.); (V.L.B.); (G.B.D.)
| | - Peter C. Junk
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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Smerigan A, Biswas S, Vila FD, Hong J, Perez-Aguilar J, Hoffman AS, Greenlee L, Getman RB, Bare SR. Aqueous Structure of Lanthanide-EDTA Coordination Complexes Determined by a Combined DFT/EXAFS Approach. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14523-14532. [PMID: 37624729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable production of rare earth elements (REEs) is critical for technologies needed for climate change mitigation, including wind turbines and electric vehicles. However, separation technologies currently used in REE production have large environmental footprints, necessitating more sustainable strategies. Aqueous, affinity-based separations are examples of such strategies. To make these technologies feasible, it is imperative to connect aqueous ligand structure to ligand selectivity for individual REEs. As a step toward this goal, we analyzed the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) of four lanthanides (La, Ce, Pr, and Nd) complexed by a common REE chelator, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to determine the aqueous-phase structure. Reference structures from density functional theory (DFT) were used to help fit the EXAFS spectra. We found that all four Ln-EDTA coordination complexes formed 9-coordinate structures with 6 coordinating atoms from EDTA (4 carboxyl oxygen atoms and 2 nitrogen atoms) and 3 oxygen atoms from water molecules. All EXAFS fits were of high quality (R-factor < 0.02) and showed decreasing average first-shell coordination distance across the series (2.62-2.57 Å from La-Nd), in agreement with DFT (2.65-2.56 Å from La-Nd). The insights determined herein will be useful in the development of ligands for sustainable rare earth elements (REE) separation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Smerigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sayani Biswas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Fernando D Vila
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jiyun Hong
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jorge Perez-Aguilar
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Adam S Hoffman
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Lauren Greenlee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Rachel B Getman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Simon R Bare
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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Prejanò M, Toscano M, Marino T. Periodicity of the Affinity of Lanmodulin for Trivalent Lanthanides and Actinides: Structural and Electronic Insights from Quantum Chemical Calculations. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7461-7470. [PMID: 37128767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lanmodulin (LanM) is the first identified macrochelator that has naturally evolved to sequester ions of rare earth elements (REEs) such as Y and all lanthanides, reversibly. This natural protein showed a 106 times better affinity for lanthanide cations than for Ca, which is a naturally abundant and biologically relevant element. Recent experiments have shown that its metal ion binding activity can be further extended to some actinides, like Np, Pu, and Am. For this reason, it was thought that LanM could be adopted for the separation of REE ions and actinides, thus increasing the interest in its potential use for industry-oriented applications. In this work, a systematic study of the affinity of LanM for lanthanides and actinides has been carried out, taking into account all trivalent ions belonging to the 4f (from La to Lu) and 5f (from Ac to Lr) series, starting from their chemistry in solution. On the basis of a recently published nuclear magnetic resonance structure, a model of the LanM-binding site was built and a detailed structural and electronic description of initial aquo- and LanM-metal ion complexes was provided. The obtained binding energies are in agreement with the available experimental data. A possible reason that could explain the origin of the affinity of LanM for these metal ions is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Prejanò
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Marirosa Toscano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Summers TJ, Sobrinho JA, de Bettencourt-Dias A, Kelly SD, Fulton JL, Cantu DC. Solution Structures of Europium Terpyridyl Complexes with Nitrate and Triflate Counterions in Acetonitrile. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5207-5218. [PMID: 36940386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-ligand complexes are key components of technological applications, and their properties depend on their structures in the solution phase, which are challenging to resolve experimentally or computationally. The coordination structure of the Eu3+ ion in different coordination environments in acetonitrile is examined using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. AIMD simulations are conducted for the solvated Eu3+ ion in acetonitrile, both with or without a terpyridyl ligand, and in the presence of either triflate or nitrate counterions. EXAFS spectra are calculated directly from AIMD simulations and then compared to experimentally measured EXAFS spectra. In acetonitrile solution, both nitrate and triflate anions are shown to coordinate directly to the Eu3+ ion forming either ten- or eight-coordinate solvent complexes where the counterions are binding as bidentate or monodentate structures, respectively. Coordination of a terpyridyl ligand to the Eu3+ ion limits the available binding sites for the solvent and anions. In certain cases, the terpyridyl ligand excludes any solvent binding and limits the number of coordinated anions. The solution structure of the Eu-terpyridyl complex with nitrate counterions is shown to have a similar arrangement of Eu3+ coordinating molecules as the crystal structure. This study illustrates how a combination of AIMD and EXAFS can be used to determine how ligands, solvent, and counterions coordinate with the lanthanide ions in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Summers
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557-0388, United States
| | - Josiane A Sobrinho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557-0705, United States
| | | | - Shelly D Kelly
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4801, United States
| | - John L Fulton
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - David C Cantu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557-0388, United States
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Dodonov VA, Makarov VM, Zemnyukova MN, Razborov DA, Baranov EV, Bogomyakov AS, Ovcharenko VI, Fedushkin IL. Stability and Solution Behavior of [(dpp-Bian)Ln] and [(dpp-Bian)LnX] (Ln = Yb, Tm, or Dy; X = I, F, or N 3). Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Dodonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Valentin M. Makarov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Marina N. Zemnyukova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Danila A. Razborov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny V. Baranov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Artem S. Bogomyakov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Victor I. Ovcharenko
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Igor L. Fedushkin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
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9
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Jordan RB. Lanthanide Contraction: What is Normal? Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3715-3721. [PMID: 36812146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Renewed interest in lanthanide contraction results from its possible effect on the properties and applications of Ln(III) compounds and the theory related to these issues. To understand this effect, it is important to know what is a normal dependence of the contraction on the number of 4f electrons, n. The normal trend is based on recent values of ionic radii that have a linear dependence on n for coordination numbers (CNs) of 6, 8, and 9. If the normal trend is not followed, then some other interactions in the system are affecting the extent of contraction. However, the suggestion that the variation is curved and fitted by a quadratic function has become popular in recent years. This report examines the Ln(III)-to-ligand atom distances for coordination compounds with CNs of 6-9 and the nitrides and phosphides. Least-squares fits to the linear and quadratic models are applied to all of the bond distances to determine when a quadratic model is justified. The result is that complex systems show a mixture of linear and quadratic dependencies when individual bond distances are considered and that the linear model is most common and representative of the true lanthanide contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Zhang J, Wenzel M, Schnaars K, Hennersdorf F, Lindoy LF, Weigand JJ. Highly Tunable 4-Phosphoryl Pyrazolone Receptors for Selective Rare-Earth Separation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3212-3228. [PMID: 36752766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Highly selective rare-earth separation has become increasingly important due to the indispensable role of these elements in various cutting-edge technologies including clean energy. However, the similar physicochemical properties of rare-earth elements (REEs) render their separation very challenging, and the development of new selective receptors for these elements is potentially of very considerable economic and environmental importance. Herein, we report the development of a series of 4-phosphoryl pyrazolone receptors for the selective separation of trivalent lanthanum, europium, and ytterbium as the representatives of light, middle, and heavy REEs, respectively. X-ray crystallography studies were employed to obtain solid-state structures across 11 of the resulting complexes, allowing comparative structure-function relationships to be probed, including the effect of lanthanide contraction that occurs along the series from lanthanum to europium to ytterbium and which potentially provides a basis for REE ion separation. In addition, the influence of ligand structure and lipophilicity on lanthanide binding and selectivity was systematically investigated via n-octanol/water distribution and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) studies. Corresponding stoichiometry relationships between solid and solution states were well established using slope analyses. The results provide new insights into some fundamental lanthanide coordination chemistry from a separation perspective and establish 4-phosphoryl pyrazolone derivatives as potential practical extraction reagents for the selective separation of REEs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Marco Wenzel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Kathleen Schnaars
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Leonard F Lindoy
- School of Chemistry, F11, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, Dresden 01062, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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