1
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Zhang Q, Li Y, Yang X, Fang Z, Li D. Palladium/Norbornene Cooperatively Catalyzed Modular Trifunctionalization of 2-Bromoaryl Ketone via a Decarbonylation Process. Org Lett 2024; 26:5620-5624. [PMID: 38949486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Palladium/norbornene cooperatively catalyzed Catellani-type reactions were normally limited to aryl iodides as substrates. The employment of aryl bromides has remained challenging. Herein a Pd/NBE cooperatively catalyzed Catellani-type reaction of 2-bromoaryl ketone is described. The 2-bromoaryl ketone was employed as both substrates and arylation reagents with a Heck acceptor. A decarbonylation process of the ketones also occurred in the reaction, finishing the modular ispo-Heck/ortho,ortho-diarylation in one pot. It provided the functionalized m-triphenyl derivatives with three new C-C bonds in moderate to excellent yields which exhibited good regioselectivities and functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yang
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Zeguo Fang
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Dong Li
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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2
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Jiang C, Hu L, Shen S, Zhang J, Wang X, Ma D, Lu G, Xu T. Type I [4σ+4π] versus [4σ+4π-1] Cycloaddition To Access Medium-Sized Carbocycles and Discovery of a Liver X Receptor β-Selective Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405838. [PMID: 38647574 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed [4+4] cycloaddition leading to cyclooctanoids has centered on dimerization between 1,3-diene-type substrates. Herein, we describe a [4σ+4π-1] and [4σ+4π] cycloaddition strategy to access 7/8-membered fused carbocycles through rhodium-catalyzed coupling between the 4σ-donor (benzocyclobutenones) and pendant diene (4π) motifs. The two pathways can be controlled by adjusting the solvated CO concentration. A broad range (>40 examples) of 5-6-7 and 5-6-8 polyfused carbocycles was obtained in good yields (up to 90 %). DFT calculations, kinetic monitoring and 13C-labeling experiments were carried out, suggesting a plausible mechanism. Notably, one 5-6-7 tricycle was found to be a very rare, potent, and selective ligand for the liver X receptor β (KD=0.64 μM), which is a potential therapeutic target for cholesterol-metabolism-related fatal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Marine Natural Products, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, 27 Shandanan road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shuna Shen
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Marine Natural Products, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Marine Natural Products, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Marine Natural Products, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Dongxu Ma
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Marine Natural Products, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, 27 Shandanan road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Marine Natural Products, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan road, Qingdao, 266003, China
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3
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Mikan CP, Watson JO, Walton R, Waddell PG, Knowles JP. Stereoselective Access to Diverse Alkaloid-Like Scaffolds via an Oxidation/Double-Mannich Reaction Sequence. Org Lett 2024; 26:5549-5553. [PMID: 38905202 PMCID: PMC11232018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Sequential oxidative cleavage and double-Mannich reactions enable the stereoselective conversion of simple norbornenes into complex alkaloid-like structures. The products undergo a wide range of derivatization reactions, including regioselective enol triflate formation/cross-coupling sequences and highly efficient conversion to an unusual tricyclic 8,5,5-fused lactam. Overall, the process represents a formal one-atom aza-ring expansion with concomitant bridging annulation, making it of interest for the broader derivatization of alkene feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Mikan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph O Watson
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Walton
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Waddell
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P Knowles
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
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4
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Shi Z, Lu L, Lu P. Pd/C-Catalyzed Stereoselective Arene Hydrogenation of Benzocyclobutenes Enabled by π-Bond Localization. Org Lett 2024; 26:5353-5357. [PMID: 38885207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
We developed here a Pd/C-catalyzed diastereoselective cis-hydrogenation of benzocyclobutene derivatives under mild conditions to deliver an array of bicyclo[4.2.0]octane scaffolds with up to five stereocenters. The π-bond localization enabled hydrogenation of the arene moiety to occur even at room temperature under 1 atm of a H2 atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Shi
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Licheng Lu
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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5
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Hong K, Liu M, Qian L, Bao M, Chen G, Jiang X, Huang J, Xu X. Catalytic [4+2]- and [4+4]-cycloaddition using furan-fused cyclobutanone as a privileged C4 synthon. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5407. [PMID: 38926359 PMCID: PMC11208666 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cycloaddition reactions play a pivotal role in synthetic chemistry for the direct assembly of cyclic architectures. However, hurdles remain for extending the C4 synthon to construct diverse heterocycles via programmable [4+n]-cycloaddition. Here we report an atom-economic and modular intermolecular cycloaddition using furan-fused cyclobutanones (FCBs) as a versatile C4 synthon. In contrast to the well-documented cycloaddition of benzocyclobutenones, this is a complementary version using FCB as a C4 reagent. It involves a C-C bond activation and cycloaddition sequence, including a Rh-catalyzed enantioselective [4 + 2]-cycloaddition with imines and an Au-catalyzed diastereoselective [4 + 4]-cycloaddition with anthranils. The obtained furan-fused lactams, which are pivotal motifs that present in many natural products, bioactive molecules, and materials, are inaccessible or difficult to prepare by other methods. Preliminary antitumor activity study indicates that 6e and 6 f exhibit high anticancer potency against colon cancer cells (HCT-116, IC50 = 0.50 ± 0.05 μM) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells (KYSE-520, IC50 = 0.89 ± 0.13 μM), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemiao Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Lixin Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ming Bao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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6
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Miao HJ, Zhang JH, Li W, Yang W, Xin H, Gao P, Duan XH, Guo LN. Aromatization-driven deconstructive functionalization of spiro dihydroquinazolinones via dual photoredox/nickel catalysis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8993-8999. [PMID: 38873081 PMCID: PMC11168144 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01111b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Aromatization-driven deconstruction and functionalization of spiro dihydroquinazolinones via dual photoredox/nickel catalysis is developed. The aromatization effect was introduced to synergistically drive unstrained cyclic C-C bond cleavage, with the aim of overcoming the ring-size limitation of nitrogen-centered radical induced deconstruction of carbocycles. Herein, we demonstrate the synergistic photoredox/nickel catalyzed deconstructive cross-coupling of spiro dihydroquinazolinones with organic halides. Remarkably, structurally diverse organic halides including aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and alkyl bromides were compatible for the coupling. In addition, this protocol is also characterized by its mild and redox-neutral conditions, excellent functional group compatibility, high atom economy, and easy scalability. A telescoped procedure involving condensation and ring-opening/coupling was found to be accessible. This work provides a complementary strategy to the existing radical-mediated C-C bond cleavage of unstrained carbocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Miao
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Jin-Hua Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Wenke Li
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Wenpeng Yang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Hong Xin
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Pin Gao
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Li-Na Guo
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
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7
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Yuan F, Qi X, Zhao Y, Jia J, Yan X, Hu F, Xia Y. Diversified Synthesis of Chiral Fluorinated Cyclobutane Derivatives Enabled by Regio- and Enantioselective Hydroboration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401451. [PMID: 38563752 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The diversified synthesis of chiral fluorinated cyclobutane derivatives has remained a difficult task in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we present an approach for asymmetric hydroboration and formal hydrodefluorination of gem-difluorinated cyclobutenes through rhodium catalysis, providing chiral gem-difluorinated α-boryl cyclobutanes and monofluorinated cyclobutenes with excellent regio- and enantioselectivity, respectively. The key to the success of the two transformations relies on an efficient, mild and highly selective rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydroboration with HBPin (pinacolborane), in which the subsequent addition of a base, and a catalytic amount of palladium in some cases, results in the formation of formal hydrodefluorination products with the four-membered ring retained. The obtained chiral gem-difluorinated α-boryl cyclobutanes are versatile building blocks that provide a platform for the synthesis of enantioenriched fluorinated cyclobutane derivatives to a great diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushan Yuan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyu Qi
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyue Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Jia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xufei Yan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangdong Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, 276000, Linyi, China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
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8
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Morris AO, Barriault L. Redox-Neutral Multicatalytic Cerium Photoredox-Enabled Cleavage of O-H Bearing Substrates. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400642. [PMID: 38436591 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The need for synthetic methodologies capable of rapidly altering molecular structure are in high demand. Most existing methods to modify scaffolds rely on net exothermicity to drive the desired transformation. We sought to develop a general strategy for the cleavage of C-C bonds β to hydroxyl groups independent of inherent substrate strain. To this end we have applied a multicatalytic cerium photoredox-based system capable of activating O-H bonds in lactols to deliver formate esters. The same system is also capable of effecting hydrodecarboxylation and hydrodecarbonylation reactions. Initial mechanistic probes demonstrate atomic chlorine (Cl⋅) is generated under the reaction conditions, but substrate activation through cerium-alkoxides or -carboxylates cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery O Morris
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Canada, K1 N 6 N5
| | - Louis Barriault
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Canada, K1 N 6 N5
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9
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Fujioka H, Yasui M, Hamada S, Fukumi K, Takeda N, Kobayashi Y, Furuta T, Ueda M. Palladium-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage of N-cyclopropyl acylhydrazones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3262-3267. [PMID: 38568183 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00349g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite their utility as directing groups, the C-C bond cleavage of cyclopropanes utilizing hydrazones has not been explored. Herein, Pd-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage reaction of N-cyclopropyl acylhydrazones, followed by cycloisomerization to yield pyrazoles, has been developed. The protocol enables the synthesis of various α-pyrazole carbonyl compounds, which have a potential of biological activity. Control experiments and DFT calculations suggest that β-carbon elimination of a stable 6-membered chelate palladium complex occurs, generating a conjugated azine as a reaction intermediate for the following cycloisomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Fujioka
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Motohiro Yasui
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Shohei Hamada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Kohei Fukumi
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Takumi Furuta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Ueda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
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10
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Shi C, Liu R, Wang Z, Li X, Qin H, Yuan L, Shan W, Zhuang W, Li X, Shi D. Radical Addition-Enabled C-C σ-Bond Cleavage/Reconstruction to Access Functional Indanones: Total Synthesis of Carexane L. Org Lett 2024; 26:2913-2917. [PMID: 38569099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
C-C σ-bond cleavage and reconstruction is a significant tool for structural modification in synthetic chemistry but it remains a formidable challenge to perform on unstrained skeletons. Herein, we describe a radical addition-enabled C-C σ-bond cleavage/reconstruction reaction of unstrained allyl ketones to access various functional indanones bearing a benzylic quaternary center. The synthetic utility of this method has been showcased by the first total synthesis of carexane L, an indanone-based natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Hongyun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Leifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Weihai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
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11
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Li D, Wang Y. DFT study on isothiourea-catalyzed C-C bond activation of cyclobutenone: the role of the catalyst and the origin of stereoselectivity. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2662-2669. [PMID: 38477235 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The organocatalytic C-C bond activation strategy stands out as a new reaction mode for the release of ring strain and expands the scope of organocatalysts. Thus, disclosing the role of the organocatalyst in the C-C bond cleavage process would be of interest. Here, an isothiourea-catalyzed C-C bond activation/cycloaddition reaction of cyclobutenone is selected as a computational model to uncover the role of the catalyst. Based on the calculations, the electrocyclic cleavage of cyclobutenone is calculated to be energetically more favorable than the isothiourea-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage, which is different from the NHC-catalyzed C-C bond activation of cyclobutenone. The computational results show that the isothiourea promotes the reaction by increasing the nucleophilicity of vinyl ketene and thus lowers the energy barrier of the cycloaddition process. Moreover, NCI and AIM analyses are performed to disclose the origin of stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daochang Li
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China.
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12
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Yan X, Liu M, Pan D, Wang Q, Tang Q, Dai YM, Hu P, Wang BQ, Huang G, Song F. Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetracyclic Cycloheptanols through (4+3) Annulation via C-C/C-H Activation Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317433. [PMID: 38086770 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed annulations of four-membered rings via C-C activation are powerful tools to construct complex fused and bridged ring systems. Despite significant progress in (4+1), (4+2) and (4+4) annulations, the (4+3) annulation remains unexplored. Herein, we develop an asymmetric Rh-catalyzed intramolecular (4+3) annulation of α-arylalkene-tethered benzocyclobutenols for the synthesis of dihydrofuran-annulated dibenzocycloheptanols with two discontinuous chiral carbon centers via a C-C and C-H activation cascade. The reaction features excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities and 100 % atom economy, and is applicable to late-stage modification of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610066
| | - Min Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610066
| | - Deng Pan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610066
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610066
| | - Ya-Mei Dai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610066
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610066
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610066
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feijie Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610066
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13
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Cheng B, Wang Q, An Y, Chen F. Recent advances in the total synthesis of galantamine, a natural medicine for Alzheimer's disease. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38450550 DOI: 10.1039/d4np00001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 2006 to 2023(-)-Galantamine is a natural product with distinctive structural features and potent inhibitory activity against acetylcholine esterase (AChE). It is clinically approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The clinical significance and scarcity of this natural product have prompted extensive and ongoing efforts towards the chemical synthesis of this challenging tetracyclic structure. The objective of this review is to summarize and discuss recent progress in the total synthesis of galantamine from 2006 to 2023. The contents are organized according to the synthetic strategies for the construction of the quaternary center. Key features of each synthesis have been highlighted, followed by a summary and outlook at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bichu Cheng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- School of Science, Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Science, Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi An
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
- School of Science, Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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14
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Dutta S, Lu YL, Erchinger JE, Shao H, Studer E, Schäfer F, Wang H, Rana D, Daniliuc CG, Houk KN, Glorius F. Double Strain-Release [2π+2σ]-Photocycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5232-5241. [PMID: 38350439 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
In pursuit of potent pharmaceutical candidates and to further improve their chemical traits, small ring systems can serve as a potential starting point. Small ring units have the additional merit of loaded strain at their core, making them suitable reactants as they can capitalize on this intrinsic driving force. With the introduction of cyclobutenone as a strained precursor to ketene, the photocycloaddition with another strained unit, bicyclo[1.1.0]butane (BCB), enables the reactivity of both π-units in the transient ketene. This double strain-release driven [2π+2σ]-photocycloaddition promotes the synthesis of diverse heterobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane units, a pharmaceutically relevant bioisostere. The effective reactivity under catalyst-free conditions with a high functional group tolerance defines its synthetic utility. Experimental mechanistic studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the [2π+2σ]-photocycloaddition takes place via a triplet mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Dutta
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Yi-Lin Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Johannes E Erchinger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Emanuel Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Schäfer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Huamin Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Debanjan Rana
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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15
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Zhang Z, Qian X, Gu Y, Gui J. Controllable skeletal reorganizations in natural product synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:251-272. [PMID: 38291905 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00066d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 2016 to 2023The synthetic chemistry community is always in pursuit of efficient routes to natural products. Among the many available general strategies, skeletal reorganization, which involves the formation, cleavage, and migration of C-C and C-heteroatom bonds, stands out as a particularly useful approach for the efficient assembly of molecular skeletons. In addition, it allows for late-stage modification of natural products for quick access to other family members or unnatural derivatives. This review summarizes efficient syntheses of steroid, terpenoid, and alkaloid natural products that have been achieved by means of this strategy in the past eight years. Our goal is to illustrate the strategy's potency and reveal the spectacular human ingenuity demonstrated in its use and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yucheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Jinghan Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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16
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Yuan PF, Yang Z, Zhang SS, Zhu CM, Yang XL, Meng QY. Deconstructive Carboxylation of Activated Alkenes with Carbon Dioxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202313030. [PMID: 38072915 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylation with carbon dioxide (CO2 ) represents one notable methodology to produce carboxylic acids. In contrast to carbon-heteroatom bonds, carbon-carbon bond cleavage for carboxylation with CO2 is far more challenging due to their inherent and less favorable orbital directionality for interacting with transition metals. Here we report a photocatalytic protocol for the deconstructive carboxylation of alkenes with CO2 to generate carboxylic acids in the absence of transition metals. It is emphasized that our protocol provides carboxylic acids with obviously unchanged carbon numbers when terminal alkenes were used. To show the power of this strategy, a variety of pharmaceutically relevant applications including the modular synthesis of propionate nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the late-stage carboxylation of bioactive molecule derivatives are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Feng Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 (P. R., China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 (P. R., China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 (P. R., China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Can-Ming Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 (P. R., China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Long Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yuan Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 (P. R., China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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17
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Qin H, Guo T, Lin K, Li G, Lu H. Synthesis of dienes from pyrrolidines using skeletal modification. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7307. [PMID: 37951966 PMCID: PMC10640553 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Saturated N-heterocyclic pyrrolidines are common in natural products, medicinal compounds and agrochemicals. However, reconstruction of their skeletal structures creating new chemical space is a challenging task, and limited methods exist for this purpose. In this study, we report a skeletal modification strategy for conversion of polar cyclic pyrrolidines into nonpolar linear dienes through a N-atom removal and deconstruction process. This involves N-sulfonylazidonation followed by rearrangement of the resulting sulfamoyl azide intermediates. This can be an energetically unfavorable process, which involves the formation of active C-C π bonds, the consumption of inert C-N and C-C σ bonds and the destruction of stable five-membered rings, but we have used it here to produce versatile conjugated and nonconjugated dienes with links of varying lengths. We also studied the application of this method in late-stage skeletal modification of bioactive compounds, formal traceless C(sp2)-H functionalization and formal N-atom deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Qin
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ken Lin
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Guigen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1061, USA
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China.
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18
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Hong K, Zhou Y, Yuan H, Zhang Z, Huang J, Dong S, Hu W, Yu ZX, Xu X. Catalytic 4-exo-dig carbocyclization for the construction of furan-fused cyclobutanones and synthetic applications. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6378. [PMID: 37821471 PMCID: PMC10567718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclobutanone is a strained motif with broad applications, while direct assembly of the aromatic ring fused cyclobutanones beyond benzocyclobutenone (BCB) skeletons remains challenging. Herein, we report a Rh-catalyzed formal [3+2] annulation of diazo group tethered alkynes involving a 4-exo-dig carbocyclization process, providing a straightforward access to furan-fused cyclobutanones. DFT calculations disclose that, by comparison to the competitive 5-endo-dig process, 4-exo-dig carbocyclization is mainly due to lower angle strain of the key sp-hybridized vinyl cationic transition state in the cyclization step. Using less reactive catalysts Rh2(carboxylate)4 is critical for high selectivity, which is explained as catalyst-substrate hydrogen bonding interaction. This method is proved successful to direct access previously inaccessible and unknown furan-fused cyclobutanone scaffolds, which can participate in a variety of post-functionalization reactions as versatile synthetic blocks. In addition, preliminary antitumor activity study of these products indicates that some molecules exhibite significant anticancer potency against different human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemiao Hong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Haoxuan Yuan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanliang Dong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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19
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Shi B, Zhang Z, Cao X, Ma N, Li S, Wu H, Zhang X, Zhang G. Anion Cascade Reactions II: Synthesis of 3-Isoquinuclidone-Based Bridged Polycyclic Lactams. Org Lett 2023; 25:6846-6852. [PMID: 37682735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
A facile and convenient anion cascade strategy was developed for the synthesis of bridged-ring amides in moderate to excellent yields in one step in the presence of tBuOK in EtOH under mild conditions, starting from various cheap and commercially available 2-cyanoacetamides and precisely designed straight-chain and annular 1,4-dienones. This simple protocol was generally applicable to a wide range of substrates with high chemical conversion and diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiyang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Nana Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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20
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Abstract
ConspectusSteroids continue to play a significant role in organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and drug discovery due to their important biological activities and diverse intriguing structures. Although synthetic organic chemists have successfully constructed and elaborated the classical [6-6-6-5] tetracyclic steroid skeleton for nearly a century, synthesis of the unusual rearranged steroids, particularly abeo-steroids with a medium-sized ring, remains a challenge in the synthetic community. Furthermore, the structures of abeo-steroids are complex and diverse, containing a seven-membered ring embedded in the fused or bridged A/B ring system and possessing numerous stereogenic centers. Besides their structural complexity, various abeo-steroids have shown remarkable biological activities. However, the relative scarcity of abeo-steroids in natural sources has impeded the systematic evaluation of their biological activities. In addition, direct strategies to build the core structures of abeo-steroids are very rare, partially because of the high ring-strain energies of their rearranged A/B ring systems. Therefore, the development of direct and efficient synthetic approaches to these complex molecules is highly desired.Our long-standing interest in the total synthesis of abeo-steroids and the development of new cycloaddition reactions for streamlining complex molecule synthesis have led us to develop a series of unique and powerful intramolecular cycloaddition strategies to access a diverse array of highly strained abeo-steroids. These strategies include Ru-catalyzed [5 + 2] cycloaddition, acid-promoted type I [5 + 2] cycloaddition, Rh-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition, and type II [5 + 2] cycloaddition. Since 2018, we have accomplished the first total syntheses of five synthetically challenging abeo-steroids, i.e., bufogargarizins A and B, phomarol, bufospirostenin A, and cyclocitrinol, thus facilitating the evaluation of their pharmacological potentials. In this Account, we summarize our laboratory's systematic efforts in the total synthesis of these abeo-steroids via cycloaddition strategies. We highlight the efficiency and versatility of each cycloaddition strategy for constructing structurally complex abeo-steroid cores by forming the A/B ring system. The evolution of each strategy and key lessons learned from the synthetic journey are also discussed. We believe that our unique perspective in this field will promote advances in the total synthesis of abeo- and related steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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21
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Zhong H, Egger DT, Gasser VCM, Finkelstein P, Keim L, Seidel MZ, Trapp N, Morandi B. Skeletal metalation of lactams through a carbonyl-to-nickel-exchange logic. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5273. [PMID: 37644031 PMCID: PMC10465567 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical metalation reactions such as the metal-halogen exchange have had a transformative impact on organic synthesis owing to their broad applicability in building carbon-carbon bonds from carbon-halogen bonds. Extending the metal-halogen exchange logic to a metal-carbon exchange would enable the direct modification of carbon frameworks with new implications in retrosynthetic analysis. However, such a transformation requires the selective cleavage of highly inert chemical bonds and formation of stable intermediates amenable to further synthetic elaborations, hence its development has remained considerably challenging. Here we introduce a skeletal metalation strategy that allows lactams, a prevalent motif in bioactive molecules, to be readily converted into well-defined, synthetically useful organonickel reagents. The reaction features a selective activation of unstrained amide C-N bonds mediated by an easily prepared Ni(0) reagent, followed by CO deinsertion and dissociation under mild room temperature conditions in a formal carbonyl-to-nickel-exchange process. The underlying principles of this unique reactivity are rationalized by organometallic and computational studies. The skeletal metalation is further applied to a direct CO excision reaction and a carbon isotope exchange reaction of lactams, underscoring the broad potential of metal-carbon exchange logic in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhong
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dominic T Egger
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Loris Keim
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Merlin Z Seidel
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nils Trapp
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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22
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Xu L, Shi H. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Activation of Nonpolar C-C Bonds via π-Coordination-Enabled Aromatization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307285. [PMID: 37379224 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Activation of C-C bonds allows editing of molecular skeletons, but methods for selective activation of nonpolar C-C bonds in the absence of a chelation effect or a driving force derived from opening of a strained ring are scarce. Herein, we report a method for ruthenium-catalyzed activation of nonpolar C-C bonds of pro-aromatic compounds by means of π-coordination-enabled aromatization. This method was effective for cleavage of C-C(alkyl) and C-C(aryl) bonds and for ring-opening of spirocyclic compounds, providing an array of benzene-ring-containing products. The isolation of a methyl ruthenium complex intermediate supports a mechanism involving ruthenium-mediated C-C bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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23
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Wang H, Shao H, Das A, Dutta S, Chan HT, Daniliuc C, Houk KN, Glorius F. Dearomative ring expansion of thiophenes by bicyclobutane insertion. Science 2023; 381:75-81. [PMID: 37410837 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal ring enlargement is gaining renewed interest in synthetic chemistry and has recently focused on insertion of one or two atoms. Strategies for heterocyclic expansion through small-ring insertion remain elusive, although they would lead to the efficient formation of bicyclic products. Here, we report a photoinduced dearomative ring enlargement of thiophenes by insertion of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes to produce eight-membered bicyclic rings under mild conditions. The synthetic value, broad functional-group compatibility, and excellent chemo- and regioselectivity were demonstrated by scope evaluation and product derivatization. Experimental and computational studies point toward a photoredox-induced radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ankita Das
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Subhabrata Dutta
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hok Tsun Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany
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24
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Chen XW, Hou ZC, Chen C, Zhang LH, Chen ME, Zhang FM. Enantioselective total syntheses of six natural and two proposed meroterpenoids from Psoralea corylifolia. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5699-5704. [PMID: 37265714 PMCID: PMC10231314 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00582h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The first enantioselective total syntheses of six natural and two proposed meroterpenoids isolated from Psoralea corylifolia have been achieved in 7-9 steps from 2-methylcyclohexanone. The current synthetic approaches feature a high level of synthetic flexibility, stereodivergent fashion and short synthetic route, thereby providing a potential platform for the preparation of numerous this-type meroterpenoids and their pseudo-natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Zi-Chao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Ling-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Meng-En Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
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25
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Li X, Hu L, Ma S, Yu H, Lu G, Xu T. Divergent Rh Catalysis: Asymmetric Dearomatization Versus C–H Activation Initiated by C–C Activation. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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26
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Cao J, Xu LW. Palladium- and nickel-catalyzed cascade enantioselective ring-opening/coupling reactions of cyclobutanones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3373-3382. [PMID: 36806356 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of small ring compounds is an intriguing subject in organic chemistry. As the smallest stable cyclic aliphatic ketones, cyclobutanones have garnered tremendous attention owing to their intrinsic high reactivity such as transition-metal catalyzed C-C bond cleavage. In this context, transition-metal catalyzed formal cycloaddition of cyclobutanones via a "cut and sew" strategy has gained marvelous advances. In contrast, an alternative reaction paradigm, i.e., transition-metal catalyzed ring-opening reactions of cyclobutanones, is still underdeveloped. This feature article aims to summarize our efforts in developing enantioselective palladium-catalyzed ring-opening/coupling reactions and recently emerging nickel-catalyzed ring-opening/reductive coupling reactions of cyclobutanones with a tethered aryl halide. The possible mechanisms are briefly showcased and the advantages and limitations of each strategy as well as their synthetic applications in the synthesis of natural products or bioactive compounds are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute and Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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27
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Kim DE, Zhu Y, Harada S, Aguilar I, Cuomo AE, Wang M, Newhouse TR. Total Synthesis of (+)-Shearilicine. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4394-4399. [PMID: 36790949 PMCID: PMC11000525 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the first total synthesis of the indole diterpenoid natural product shearilicine by an 11-step sequence via a generalizable precursor to the highly oxidized subclass of indole diterpenoids. A native chiral auxiliary strategy was employed to access the target molecule in an enantiospecific fashion. The formation of the key carbazole substructure was achieved through a mild intramolecular Heck cyclization, wherein a computational study revealed noncovalent substrate-ligand and ligand-ligand interactions that promoted migratory insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria E Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Yingchuan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Shingo Harada
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Isaiah Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Abbigayle E Cuomo
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Minghao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Timothy R Newhouse
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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28
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Sun J, Ye H, Zhang H, Wu XX. Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization Coupling with Cyclobutanone-Derived N-Tosylhydrazones: Synthesis of Benzofuran-3-Cyclobutylidenes and Spirocyclobutanes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1568-1577. [PMID: 36648061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed cyclization coupling of iodoarene-tethered alkynes with cyclobutanone-derived N-tosylhydrazones is reported, providing a convenient and efficient approach to benzofuran-3-cyclobutylidenes. On this basis, spirocyclobutanes can be generated smoothly in an efficient cascade manner by the addition of dienophiles. Good yields and scalability are demonstrated. Sequential intramolecular carbopalladation, palladium-carbene migratory insertion, δ-hydride elimination, and cycloaddition processes are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Hao Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Engineering, Nantong Vocational University, Nantong 226007, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xing Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
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29
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Ano Y, Takahashi D, Yamada Y, Chatani N. Palladium-Catalyzed Skeletal Rearrangement of Cyclobutanones via C–H and C–C Bond Cleavage. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daichi Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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30
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Hou SH, Yu X, Zhang R, Wagner C, Dong G. Rhodium-Catalyzed Diastereo- and Enantioselective Divergent Annulations between Cyclobutanones and 1,5-Enynes: Rapid Construction of Complex C(sp 3)-Rich Scaffolds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22159-22169. [PMID: 36399332 PMCID: PMC10630065 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Given the emerging demand to "escape from flatland" for drug discovery, synthetic methods that can efficiently construct complex three-dimensional structures with multi-stereocenters become increasingly valuable. Here, we describe the development of Rh(I)-catalyzed intramolecular annulations between cyclobutanones and 1,5-enyne groups to construct complex C(sp3)-rich scaffolds. Divergent reactivities are realized with different catalysts, and excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity have been achieved. The use of (R)-H8-binap as the ligand favors forming the bis-bicyclic scaffolds with multiple quaternary stereocenters, while the (R)-segphos ligand prefers to generate the tetrahydro-azapinone products. Owing to the versatile reactivity of ketone moieties, these C(sp3)-rich scaffolds can be further functionalized. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies support a reaction pathway involving enyne-cyclometallation, 1,2-carbonyl addition, and then β-carbon elimination; the divergent reactivities are dictated by a product-determining Rh-alkyl migratory insertion step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Cole Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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