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Thane TA, Jarvo ER. Ligand-Based Control of Nickel Catalysts: Switching Chemoselectivity from One-Electron to Two-Electron Pathways in Competing Reactions of 4-Halotetrahydropyrans. Org Lett 2022; 24:5003-5008. [PMID: 35559652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Development of nickel-catalyzed transformations would be facilitated by an improved ability to predict which ligands promote and suppress competing mechanisms. We evaluate ligand-based modulation of catalyst preference for one- or two-electron pathways employing 4-halotetrahydropyrans as model substrates that can undergo divergent reaction pathways. Chemoselectivity for one- or two-electron oxidative addition is predicted by ligand class. Phosphine-ligated nickel catalysts favor closed-shell oxidative addition. In contrast, nitrogen-ligated nickel catalysts prefer the one-electron pathway, initiating with halogen atom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Thane
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Jarvo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
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2
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Xu J, Bercher OP, Watson MP. Overcoming the Naphthyl Requirement in Stereospecific Cross-Couplings to Form Quaternary Stereocenters. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8608-8613. [PMID: 34062058 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of a simple stilbene ligand has enabled a stereospecific Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of tertiary benzylic carboxylates, including those lacking naphthyl substituents. This method installs challenging all-carbon diaryl quaternary stereocenters in good yield and ee and represents an important breakthrough in the "naphthyl requirement" that pervades stereospecific cross-couplings involving enantioenriched electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Xu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Olivia P Bercher
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Mary P Watson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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3
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Xu J, Bercher OP, Talley MR, Watson MP. Nickel-Catalyzed, Stereospecific C-C and C-B Cross-Couplings via C-N and C-O Bond Activation. ACS Catal 2021; 11:1604-1612. [PMID: 33986970 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Highly enantioenriched benzylic and allylic amines and alcohols are readily available via asymmetric synthesis and in complex natural products. The development of mild, nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings of their derivatives has advanced the tools available for the preparation of a range of highly enantioenriched products, including those with quaternary stereocenters. This perspective focuses on cross-couplings with convenient and functional group-tolerant organoboron reagents and highlights the discoveries of activating groups and conditions that have led to high-yielding and highly stereospecific reactions. Emphasis is placed on mechanistic understanding, particularly with regards to controlling inversion vs. retention pathways. Limitations and opportunities for future developments are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Xu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Olivia P. Bercher
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Michael R. Talley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Mary P. Watson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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4
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Boit TB, Bulger AS, Dander JE, Garg NK. Activation of C-O and C-N Bonds Using Non-Precious-Metal Catalysis. ACS Catal 2020; 10:12109-12126. [PMID: 33868770 PMCID: PMC8049354 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Boit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ana S Bulger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jacob E Dander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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5
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Ni S, Padial NM, Kingston C, Vantourout JC, Schmitt DC, Edwards JT, Kruszyk MM, Merchant RR, Mykhailiuk PK, Sanchez BB, Yang S, Perry MA, Gallego GM, Mousseau JJ, Collins MR, Cherney RJ, Lebed PS, Chen JS, Qin T, Baran PS. A Radical Approach to Anionic Chemistry: Synthesis of Ketones, Alcohols, and Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6726-6739. [PMID: 30943023 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Historically accessed through two-electron, anionic chemistry, ketones, alcohols, and amines are of foundational importance to the practice of organic synthesis. After placing this work in proper historical context, this Article reports the development, full scope, and a mechanistic picture for a strikingly different way of forging such functional groups. Thus, carboxylic acids, once converted to redox-active esters (RAEs), can be utilized as formally nucleophilic coupling partners with other carboxylic derivatives (to produce ketones), imines (to produce benzylic amines), or aldehydes (to produce alcohols). The reactions are uniformly mild, operationally simple, and, in the case of ketone synthesis, broad in scope (including several applications to the simplification of synthetic problems and to parallel synthesis). Finally, an extensive mechanistic study of the ketone synthesis is performed to trace the elementary steps of the catalytic cycle and provide the end-user with a clear and understandable rationale for the selectivity, role of additives, and underlying driving forces involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Ni
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Natalia M Padial
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Cian Kingston
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Julien C Vantourout
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Daniel C Schmitt
- Pfizer Medicinal Sciences , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Jacob T Edwards
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Monika M Kruszyk
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Rohan R Merchant
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States.,Enamine Ltd. , Chervonotkatska 78 , 02094 Kyiv , Ukraine.,Chemistry Department , Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska 64 , 01601 Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Brittany B Sanchez
- Automated Synthesis Facility , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Shouliang Yang
- Department of Chemistry , La Jolla Laboratories , Pfizer 10770 Science Center Drive , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Matthew A Perry
- Pfizer Medicinal Sciences , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Gary M Gallego
- Department of Chemistry , La Jolla Laboratories , Pfizer 10770 Science Center Drive , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Medicinal Sciences , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Michael R Collins
- Department of Chemistry , La Jolla Laboratories , Pfizer 10770 Science Center Drive , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Robert J Cherney
- Research & Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Rt. 206 & Province Line Road , Princeton , New Jersey 08543 , United States
| | - Pavlo S Lebed
- Enamine Ltd. , Chervonotkatska 78 , 02094 Kyiv , Ukraine.,ChemBioCenter , Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska 64 , 01601 Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Jason S Chen
- Automated Synthesis Facility , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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6
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Chen PP, Lucas EL, Greene MA, Zhang SQ, Tollefson EJ, Erickson LW, Taylor BLH, Jarvo ER, Hong X. A Unified Explanation for Chemoselectivity and Stereospecificity of Ni-Catalyzed Kumada and Cross-Electrophile Coupling Reactions of Benzylic Ethers: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5835-5855. [PMID: 30866626 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ni-catalyzed C(sp3)-O bond activation provides a useful approach to synthesize enantioenriched products from readily available enantioenriched benzylic alcohol derivatives. The control of stereospecificity is key to the success of these transformations. To elucidate the reversed stereospecificity and chemoselectivity of Ni-catalyzed Kumada and cross-electrophile coupling reactions with benzylic ethers, a combined computational and experimental study is performed to reach a unified mechanistic understanding. Kumada coupling proceeds via a classic cross-coupling mechanism. Initial rate-determining oxidative addition occurs with stereoinversion of the benzylic stereogenic center. Subsequent transmetalation with the Grignard reagent and syn-reductive elimination produce the Kumada coupling product with overall stereoinversion at the benzylic position. The cross-electrophile coupling reaction initiates with the same benzylic C-O bond cleavage and transmetalation to form a common benzylnickel intermediate. However, the presence of the tethered alkyl chloride allows a facile intramolecular SN2 attack by the benzylnickel moiety. This step circumvents the competing Kumada coupling, leading to the excellent chemoselectivity of cross-electrophile coupling. These mechanisms account for the observed stereospecificity of the Kumada and cross-electrophile couplings, providing a rationale for double inversion of the benzylic stereogenic center in cross-electrophile coupling. The improved mechanistic understanding will enable design of stereoselective transformations involving Ni-catalyzed C(sp3)-O bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Erika L Lucas
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Margaret A Greene
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Emily J Tollefson
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Lucas W Erickson
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Buck L H Taylor
- Department of Chemistry , University of Portland , Portland , Oregon 97203 , United States
| | - Elizabeth R Jarvo
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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7
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Kehoe R, Mahadevan M, Manzoor A, McMurray G, Wienefeld P, Baird MC, Budzelaar PHM. Reactions of the Ni(0) Compound Ni(PPh3)4 with Unactivated Alkyl Halides: Oxidative Addition Reactions Involving Radical Processes and Nickel(I) Intermediates. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryley Kehoe
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Markshun Mahadevan
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Adeela Manzoor
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gillian McMurray
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Patrick Wienefeld
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Michael C. Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Napoli 80126, Italy
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