1
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Birchall N, Nieger M, Gudat D. The Noble Addendum of a Phosphenium Ligand to a Base Metal: Coordination, Activation, and Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Alkynes on a Chromium Complex. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400144. [PMID: 38517052 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new bis-NHP complex (NHP=N-heterocyclic phosphenium) of chromium via salt metathesis and studies of its reactivity are reported. Photochemical reactions with H2 and selected olefins give rise to non-isolable H2- and π-alkene complexes identified spectroscopically, while internal alkynes react via activation of the triple bond to yield isolable metalla-phospha-cyclobutenes characterized by spectroscopic and XRD data. DFT studies give a preliminary account of the bonding in H2- and alkene-complexes and explain the different reactivity towards alkenes and alkynes as the consequence of kinetic effects. Photolysis of the bis-NHP-complex in the presence of H2 and olefins or alkenes enables the catalytic hydrogenation of the organic substrates, while the π-ethene complex mediates the catalytic hydrogenation of ethene in a dark reaction. The similarities and differences between both catalytic processes are shortly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Birchall
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
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2
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Ferrer-Bru C, Ferrer J, Passarelli V, Lahoz FJ, García-Orduña P, Carmona D. Molecular Dihydrogen Activation by (C 5Me 5)M/N (M=Rh, Ir) Transition Metal Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Reversible Proton Migration to, and Proton Abstraction from, the C 5Me 5 Ligand. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304140. [PMID: 38323731 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The masked transition-metal frustrated Lewis pairs [Cp*M(κ3N,N',N''-L)][SbF6] (Cp*=η5-C5Me5; M=Ir, 1, Rh, 2; HL=pyridinyl-amidine ligand) reversibly activate H2 under mild conditions rendering the hydrido derivatives [Cp*MH(κ2N,N'-HL)][SbF6] observed as a mixture of the E and Z isomers at the amidine C=N bond (M=Ir, 3Z, 3E; M=Rh, 4Z, 4E). DFT calculations indicate that the formation of the E isomers follows a Grotthuss type mechanism in the presence of water. A mixture of Rh(I) isomers of formula [(Cp*H)Rh(κ2N,N'-HL)][SbF6] (5 a-d) is obtained by reductive elimination of Cp*H from 4. The formation of 5 a-d was elucidated by means of DFT calculations. Finally, when 2 reacts with D2, the Cp* and Cp*H ligands of the resulting rhodium complexes 4 and 5, respectively, are deuterated as a result of a reversible hydrogen abstraction from the Cp* ligand and D2 activation at rhodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ferrer-Bru
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquina Ferrer
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando J Lahoz
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daniel Carmona
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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3
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Papendick M, Gudat D. Reversible Binding of Hydrogen and Styrene Coordination on a Manganese Phosphenium Complex. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302525. [PMID: 37650872 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of two complexes [(R NHP)Mn(CO)4 ] (R NHP=N-arylated N-heterocyclic phosphenium) with H2 at elevated pressure (≈4 bar) were studied by NMR spectroscopy. Irradiation with UV light initialized in one case (5 a, R=Dipp) the unselective formation of (R NHP-H)MnH(CO)4 ] (6 a) via cooperative addition of H2 across the Mn=P double bond. In the other case (5 b, R=Mes), addition of H2 was unobservable and the reaction proceeded via decarbonylation to a dimeric species [(R NHP)2 Mn2 (CO)7 ] (7 b) that was isolated and identified spectroscopically. Taking into account the outcome of further reaction studies under various conditions in the absence and presence of H2 , both transformations can be explained in the context of a common mechanism involving decarbonylation to 7 a,b as the first step, and the different outcome is attributable to the fact that 7 b is unreactive towards both H2 and CO while 7 a is not. DFT studies relate this divergence to deviations in the molecular constitution and stability arising from a different level of steric congestion. Preliminary studies suggest further that 5 a/H2 as well as 6 a enable the photo-induced hydrogenation of styrene to ethyl benzene, even if the mechanism and possibly catalytic nature of this process remain yet unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Papendick
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
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4
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Chen J, Wang J, Wang X, Wei D, Duan Z. π-Electron Fluctuation-Induced P + /C - Ambiphilic Interaction for Intramolecular C Ar -H Bond Activation. Chemistry 2023:e202302889. [PMID: 37974486 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe how computational mechanistic understanding has led directly to the discovery of new 2H-phosphindole for C-CAr bond activation and dearomatization reaction. We uncover an unexpected intramolecular C-H bond activation with a 2H-phosphindole derivative. This new intriguing experimental observation and further theoretical studies led to an extension of the reaction mechanism with 2H-phosphindole. Through DFT calculations, we confirm that within a five-membered ring, the polarizable PC3 unit orchestrates the formation of an electrophilic phosphorus atom (P+ ) and a nucleophilic carbon atom (C- ). This kinetically accessible ambiphilic phosphorus/carbon couple is spatially separated by geometric constraints, and their reactivity is modulated through structural resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Chen
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Duan
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
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5
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Nad P, Mukherjee A. Metal-free C-H Borylation and Hydroboration of Indoles. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37623-37640. [PMID: 37867714 PMCID: PMC10586279 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The C-H borylation and hydroboration reactions have emerged as promising synthetic tools to construct organoboron compounds. Organoboron compounds of N-heterocycles, particularly indole derivatives, have found widespread application in a variety of fields. As a result, considerable advancement in the area of C-H borylation and hydroboration reactions of indoles was observed in the last few decades. Among the various synthetic methods applied, the metal-free approach has received special attention. This mini-review discusses the recent progress in the area of C-H borylation and hydroboration reactions of indoles under metal-free conditions, their scope, and brief mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Nad
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bhilai, GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492015, India
| | - Arup Mukherjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bhilai, GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492015, India
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6
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Kumar Someswara Ashwathappa P, Higashi T, Desrosiers V, Omaña AA, Fontaine FG. Metal-Free Directed Site-Selective Csp 3 -H Borylation of Saturated Cyclic Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309295. [PMID: 37535392 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The borylation of Csp3 -H bonds is a challenging transformation that is typically restricted to transition metal catalysis. Herein, we report the site-selective metal-free Csp3 -H borylation of saturated cyclic amines. It is possible to selectively borylate piperidine derivatives at the α or β positions according to the reaction conditions. The mechanism was supported by NMR spectroscopy, calorimetry experiments and density functional theory (DFT) computations. It suggests that the piperidine is dehydrogenated by complexation with BBr3 to produce an enamine intermediate, which is in turn borylated at either the α or β position according to the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takuya Higashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Vincent Desrosiers
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec G1 V 0 A6, Canada
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec G1 V 0 A6, Canada
| | - Frédéric-Georges Fontaine
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec G1 V 0 A6, Canada
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7
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Nussbaum BC, Humphries AL, Gange GB, Peryshkov DV. Redox-active carborane clusters in bond activation chemistry and ligand design. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9918-9928. [PMID: 37522167 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03011c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Icosahedral closo-dodecaboranes have the ability to accept two electrons, opening into a dianionic nido-cluster. This transformation can be utilized to store electrons, drive bond activation, or alter coordination to metal cations. In this feature article, we present cases for each of these applications, wherein the redox activity of carborane facilitates the generation of unique products. We highlight the effects of exohedral substituents on reactivity and the stability of the products through conjugation between the cluster and exohedral substituents. Futher, the utilization of the redox properties and geometry of carborane clusters in the ligand design is detailed, both in the stabilization of low-valent complexes and in the tuning of ligand geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce C Nussbaum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Amanda L Humphries
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Gayathri B Gange
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Dmitry V Peryshkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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8
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Nees S, Wellnitz T, Dankert F, Härterich M, Dotzauer S, Feldt M, Braunschweig H, Hering-Junghans C. On the Reactivity of Phosphaalumenes towards C-C Multiple Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215838. [PMID: 36516342 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterocycles containing group 13 and 15 elements such as borazines are an integral part of organic, biomedical and materials chemistry. Surprisingly, heterocycles containing P and Al are rare. We have now utilized phosphaalumenes in reactions with alkynes, alkenes and conjugated double bond systems. With sterically demanding alkynes 1,2-phosphaalumetes were afforded, whereas the reaction with HCCH or HCCSiMe3 gave 1,4-phosphaaluminabarrelenes. Using styrene saturated 1,2-phosphaalumates were formed, which reacted further with additional styrene to give different regio-isomers of 1,4-aluminaphosphorinanes. Using ethylene, a 1,4-aluminaphosphorinane is obtained, while with 1,3-butadiene a bicyclic system containing an aluminacyclopentane and a phosphirane unit was synthesized. The experimental work is supported by theoretical studies to shed light on the mechanism governing the formation of these heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Nees
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Wellnitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Fabian Dankert
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marcel Härterich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Dotzauer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Milica Feldt
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Wickemeyer L, Schwabedissen J, Trapp PC, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. ortho-Phenylene-bridged phosphorus/silicon Lewis pairs. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2611-2618. [PMID: 36740914 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of five ortho-phenylene-bridged phosphorus-silicon Lewis pairs was synthesized, with phosphorus bearing isopropyl groups while the substituents at the silicon atom vary (-CH3, -Cl, -F). Possible interactions between Lewis acid and base were investigated both experimentally (NMR, XRD) and theoretically to determine the influence of the different substituents. Calculated ortho-interaction energies (OIEs) show a stabilizing interactions between the acidic and basic units which were also found for the meta- and para-interaction energies (MIEs and PIEs, respectively), indicating stabilization resulting not from direct acid-base interaction but from electronic interactions through the ring. Further spectroscopic (NMR, XRD) and theoretical (NBO, QTAIM, SAPT) investigations confirmed the absence of direct interactions between silicon and phoshorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wickemeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Jan Schwabedissen
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Pia C Trapp
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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10
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Sahoo R, Patro AG, Sarkar N, Nembenna S. Comparison of Two Zinc Hydride Precatalysts for Selective Dehydrogenative Borylation of Terminal Alkynes: A Detailed Mechanistic Study. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:3452-3460. [PMID: 36713704 PMCID: PMC9878541 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The conjugated bis-guanidinate-stabilized zinc hydride complex (I)-precatalyzed chemoselective dehydroborylation of a wide array of terminal alkynes with excellent yields is reported. Further, precatalyst I is compared with a newly synthesized DiethylNacNac zinc hydride precatalyst (III) for selective dehydroborylation of terminal alkynes, and it is discovered that precatalyst I is more active than III. We have studied intra- and intermolecular chemoselective dehydroborylation of terminal alkynes over other reducible functionalities such as alkene, ester, isocyanide, nitro, and heterocycles. The highly efficient precatalyst I shows a turnover number of 48.5 and turnover frequency of up to 60.5 h-1 in the dehydroborylation of 1-ethynyl-4-fluorobenzene (1i). A plausible mechanism for selective dehydrogenative borylation of alkynes has been proposed based on active catalyst isolation and a series of stoichiometric reactions.
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11
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Paparakis A, Turnell-Ritson RC, Sapsford JS, Ashley AE, Hulla M. Tin-catalyzed reductive coupling of amines with CO 2 and H 2. Catal Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01659a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tin-based FLPs catalyze reductive coupling reactions of amines with CO2 and H2. Water produced by the reaction is well tolerated and TONs up to 300 can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Paparakis
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 128 00, Czech Republic
| | | | - Joshua S. Sapsford
- Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Andrew E. Ashley
- Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Martin Hulla
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 128 00, Czech Republic
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12
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Szynkiewicz N, Chojnacki J, Grubba R. Phosphinophosphoranes: Mixed-Valent Phosphorus Compounds with Ambiphilic Properties. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19925-19932. [PMID: 36453123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a simple synthesis of mixed-valent phosphinophosphoranes bearing three- and five-coordinate phosphorus centers. Compounds with phosphorus-phosphorus bonds were synthesized via a reaction of lithium phosphides RR'PLi with cat2PCl (cat = catecholate), whereas derivatives with methylene-linked phosphorus centers were obtained via a reaction of phosphanylmethanides RR'CH2Li with cat2PCl. The presence of accessible lone-pair electrons on the P-phosphanyl atom of phosphinophosphoranes during the reaction of the title compounds with H3B·SMe2, where phosphinophosphorane-borane adducts were formed quantitatively, was confirmed. Furthermore, the Lewis basic and Lewis acidic properties of the phosphinophosphoranes in reactions with phenyl isothiocyanate were tested. Depending on the structure of the starting phosphinophosphorane, phosphinophosphorylation of PhNCS or formation of a five-membered zwitterionic adduct was observed. The structures of the isolated compounds were unambiguously determined by heteronuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Moreover, by applying density functional theory calculations, we compared the Lewis basicity and nucleophilicity of diversified trivalent P-centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szynkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Chojnacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Grubba
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233Gdańsk, Poland
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13
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Rej S, Chatani N. Regioselective Transition‐Metal‐Free C(sp
2
)−H Borylation: A Subject of Practical and Ongoing Interest in Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209539. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Rej
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental Preservation Osaka University Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental Preservation Osaka University Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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14
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Deka R, Sarkar A, Butcher RJ, Singh HB. Availing the ambiphilicity of an organotellurenyl cation for the synthesis of platinum(II)‐based carboxylate‐bridged heterobimetallic complex: Structure and bonding analysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Deka
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Chemistry Chemistry DepartmentIndia Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Mumbai INDIA
| | - Arup Sarkar
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Chemistry INDIA
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15
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Rej S, Chatani N. Regio‐Selective Transition‐Metal‐Free C(sp2)‒H Borylation: A Subject of Practical and Ongoing Interest in Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Rej
- Osaka University School of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering: Osaka Daigaku Kogakubu Daigakuin Kogaku Kenkyuka Applied Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Osaka University School of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering: Osaka Daigaku Kogakubu Daigakuin Kogaku Kenkyuka Applied Chemistry 2-1 Yamadaoka 566-0871 Suita, Osaka JAPAN
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16
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Soika J, McLaughlin C, Neveselý T, Daniliuc CG, Molloy JJ, Gilmour R. Organophotocatalytic N–O Bond Cleavage of Weinreb Amides: Mechanism-Guided Evolution of a PET to ConPET Platform. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Soika
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Calum McLaughlin
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tomáš Neveselý
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - John. J. Molloy
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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17
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Manankandayalage CP, Katakam N, Unruh DK, Aquino AJA, Krempner C. Intramolecular frustrated Lewis pair mediated approach to the CO bond activation and cleavage of carbon dioxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9385-9388. [PMID: 35904557 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A thermally stable FLP-CO2 adduct of pronounced nucleophilic properties that forms a range of Lewis acid-base adducts with strong Lewis acids is reported. Upon addition of Tf2O, it generates a cationic triflate, which undergoes C-O bond cleavage to give the formal FLP adduct of the elusive dication C2O32+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamila P Manankandayalage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Memorial Dr & Boston, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Nandakumar Katakam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Memorial Dr & Boston, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Daniel K Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Memorial Dr & Boston, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Adelia J A Aquino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Clemens Krempner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Memorial Dr & Boston, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
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18
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Szynkiewicz N, Chojnacki J, Grubba R. Exploring the Reactivity of Unsymmetrical Diphosphanes toward Heterocumulenes: Access to Phosphanyl and Phosphoryl Derivatives of Amides, Imines, and Iminoamides. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9523-9532. [PMID: 35700273 PMCID: PMC9490836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We present a comprehensive
study on the diphosphanation of iso(thio)cyanates
by unsymmetrical diphosphanes. The reactions involving unsymmetrical
diphosphanes and phenyl isocyanate or phenyl thioisocyanate gave rise
to phosphanyl, phosphoryl, and thiophosphoryl derivatives of amides,
imines, and iminoamides. The structures of the diphosphanation products
were confirmed through NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal
X-ray diffraction. We showed that unsymmetrical diphosphanes could
be used as building blocks to synthesize phosphorus analogues of important
classes of organic molecules. The described transformations provided
a new methodology for the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds
bearing phosphanyl, phosphoryl, or thiophosphoryl functional groups.
Moreover, theoretical studies on diphosphanation reactions explained
the influence of the steric and electronic properties of the parent
diphosphanes on the structures of the diphosphanation products. We provided synthetic access to phosphanyl,
phosphoryl,
or thiophosphoryl derivatives of amides, imines, and iminoamides starting
from simple building blocks such as unsymmetrical diphosphanes and
heterocumulenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szynkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Chojnacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Grubba
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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19
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Gehlhaar A, Weinert HM, Wölper C, Semleit N, Haberhauer G, Schulz S. Bisstibane-distibane conversion via consecutive single-electron oxidation and reduction reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6682-6685. [PMID: 35587096 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01986h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
peri-Substituted naphthalene complexes (Trip2Pn)2Naph (Pn = Sb 1, Bi 2) were synthesised and their redox behaviour investigated. Oxidation of 1 with [Fc][BArF] (BArF = B(C6F5)4) yielded [(Trip2Sb)(TripSb)Naph][BArF] (3) containing the stibane-coordinated stibenium cation [(Trip2Sb)(TripSb)Naph]+. Subsequent reduction of 3 with KC8 yielded distibane (TripSb)2Naph (4). 1-4 were characterised by NMR (1H, 13C) and IR spectroscopy as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction (sc-XRD), while their electronic structures were analysed by quantum chemical computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gehlhaar
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany.
| | - Hanns Micha Weinert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany.
| | - Nina Semleit
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany.
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany.
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany. .,Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide), University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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20
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Ferrer C, Ferrer J, Passarelli V, Lahoz FJ, García-Orduña P, Carmona D. Well-Stabilized but Strained Frustrated Lewis Pairs Based on Rh/N and Ir/N Couples. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ferrer
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC─Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquina Ferrer
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC─Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC─Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando J. Lahoz
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC─Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC─Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daniel Carmona
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC─Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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21
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Patel TR, Ganguly B. Exploring the metal-free catalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol with saturated adamantane scaffolds of phosphine-borane frustrated Lewis pair: A DFT study. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 113:108150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Jaiswal K, Groutchik K, Bawari D, Dobrovetsky R. An “On‐Demand”, Selective Dehydrogenative Borylation or Hydroboration of Terminal Alkynes Using Zn+2‐based Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- Tel Aviv University School of Chemistry Tel Aviv University, Shenkar Chemistry building, room 105 69978 Tel Aviv ISRAEL
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23
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Delarmelina M, Carneiro JWDM, Catlow CRA, Bühl M. Design of CO2 hydrogenation catalysts based on phosphane/borane frustrated Lewis pairs and xanthene-derived scaffolds. CATAL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2021.106385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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24
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Wickemeyer L, Aders N, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Cabrera-Trujillo JJ, Fernández I, Mitzel NW. Carbon Dioxide Reduction by an Al–O–P Frustrated Lewis Pair. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8088-8094. [PMID: 35919415 PMCID: PMC9278507 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01870e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of tBu2P(O)H with Bis2AlH (Bis = CH(SiMe3)2) afforded the adduct tBu2P(H)–O–Al(H)Bis2 (3). It slowly releases H2 to form the first oxygen-bridged geminal Al/P frustrated Lewis pair tBu2P–O–AlBis2. It is capable of reversibly binding molecular hydrogen to afford 3, shown by NMR and H/D scrambling experiments, and forms a 1,2-adduct with CO2. Importantly, the H2 adduct 3 reduces CO2 in a stoichiometric reaction leading to the formic acid adduct tBu2P(H)–O–Al(CO2H)Bis2. The formation of the different species was explored by density functional theory calculations which provide support for the experimental results. All products were characterized by NMR spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction experiments and elemental analyses. Addition vs. reduction: the geminal FLP Bis2Al–O–PtBu2 can reversibly bind molecular hydrogen, it reacts with CO2 to give an adduct, and its hydrogen adduct reduces CO2 to an adduct of formic acid.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wickemeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Niklas Aders
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Andreas Mix
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Jorge J Cabrera-Trujillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
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25
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Li CQ, Leng G, Li W. Hydroboration of carbon dioxide with pinacolborane catalyzed by various aluminum hydrides: A comparative mechanistic study. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01024k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations was performed to probe the catalytic viability of various neutral, cationic and anionic aluminum hydrides (AlH) in the hydroboration of CO2 with...
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26
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Bose SK, Mao L, Kuehn L, Radius U, Nekvinda J, Santos WL, Westcott SA, Steel PG, Marder TB. First-Row d-Block Element-Catalyzed Carbon-Boron Bond Formation and Related Processes. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13238-13341. [PMID: 34618418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Organoboron reagents represent a unique class of compounds because of their utility in modern synthetic organic chemistry, often affording unprecedented reactivity. The transformation of the carbon-boron bond into a carbon-X (X = C, N, and O) bond in a stereocontrolled fashion has become invaluable in medicinal chemistry, agrochemistry, and natural products chemistry as well as materials science. Over the past decade, first-row d-block transition metals have become increasingly widely used as catalysts for the formation of a carbon-boron bond, a transformation traditionally catalyzed by expensive precious metals. This recent focus on alternative transition metals has enabled growth in fundamental methods in organoboron chemistry. This review surveys the current state-of-the-art in the use of first-row d-block element-based catalysts for the formation of carbon-boron bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Kumar Bose
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore-562112, India
| | - Lujia Mao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, 571199 Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Laura Kuehn
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Nekvinda
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Stephen A Westcott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G8, Canada
| | - Patrick G Steel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Science Laboratories South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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27
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Unnikrishnan A, Sunoj RB. Iridium-Catalyzed Regioselective Borylation through C-H Activation and the Origin of Ligand-Dependent Regioselectivity Switching. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15618-15630. [PMID: 34598435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research efforts in catalytic regioselective borylation using C-H bond activation of arenes have gained considerable recent attention. The ligand-enabled regiocontrol, such as in the borylation of benzaldehyde, the selectivity could be switched from the ortho to meta position, under identical conditions, by just changing the external ligand (L) from 8-aminoquinoline (8-AQ) to tetramethylphenanthroline (TMP). The DFT(B3LYP-D3) computations helped us learn that the energetically preferred catalytic pathway includes the formation of an Ir-π-complex between the active catalyst [Ir(L)(Bpin)3] and benzaldimine, a C-H bond oxidative addition (OA) to form an Ir(V)aryl-hydride intermediate, and a reductive elimination to furnish the borylated benzaldehyde as the final product. The lowest energetic span (δEortho = 26 kcal/mol with 8-AQ) is noted in the ortho borylation pathway, with the OA transition state (TS) as the turnover-determining TS. The change in regiochemical preference to the meta borylation (δEmeta = 26) with TMP is identified. A hemilabile mode of 8-AQ participation is found to exhibit a δEortho of 24 kcal/mol for the ortho borylation, relative to that in the chelate mode (δEortho = 26 kcal/mol). The predicted regioselectivity switching is in good agreement with the earlier experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Unnikrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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28
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Hartmann D, Braner S, Greb L. Bis(perchlorocatecholato)silane and heteroleptic bidonors: hidden frustrated Lewis pairs resulting from ring strain. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8572-8575. [PMID: 34373874 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03452a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bis(perchlorocatecholato)silane and bidentate N,N- or N,P-heteroleptic donors were reacted to form hexacoordinated complexes. Depending on the ring strain and hemilability in the adducts, frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) reactivity with aldehydes and catalytic ammonia borane dehydrocoupling was enabled. All reactions were analyzed using density functional theory. This approach represents an alternative way, beyond relying on steric bulk, to achieve frustration in bimolecular FLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Hartmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 275, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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29
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Ramadhan MD, Surawatanawong P. Understanding the reactivity of geminal P/B and P/Al frustrated Lewis pairs in CO 2 addition and H 2 activation. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:11307-11316. [PMID: 34342322 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01535d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding CO2 addition and H2 activation by geminal P/Z (Z = B, Al) frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) is crucial for the development of transition metal-free catalysts for hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds and CO2 conversion. The distortion-interaction energy decomposition and natural bond orbital were used to gain insights into the reactivity of CO2 addition and H2 activation. Remarkably, the orbital interactions in the reactions of CO2 and H2 with geminal P/B FLPs are stronger than those in the reactions with more reactive geminal P/Al FLPs, which contain a stronger Lewis acid. The fact that geminal P/B FLPs react with a higher energy barrier than geminal P/Al FLPs is actually due to the unfavorable core repulsion contribution to the interaction energy and the higher distortion energy found for the geminal P/B FLPs. In addition, we revealed that although the interaction energy is higher for H2 activation, the distortion energy is significantly lower for CO2 addition. Thus, geminal P/Z FLPs are more reactive toward CO2 than toward H2. Overall, the reactivity and thermodynamic stability for the reactions of geminal P/Z FLPs with CO2 and H2 are not affected by the type of bridging carbon (sp3-C or sp2-C) but mainly influenced by the substituents on P and Z (B or Al). An insight into the thermodynamic stability of the H2 activation product is gained by quantifying the hydride affinity, the proton affinity, and the stability of the zwitterionic product relative to the prototypical Lewis acid-base pair, PtBu3/B(C6F5)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Dzulfahmi Ramadhan
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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30
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Tang CK, Li YZ, Ma F, Cao Z, Mo Y. Anti-Electrostatic Main Group Metal-Metal Bonds That Activate CO 2. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7545-7552. [PMID: 34347488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There has been growing interest in the CO2 capture and reduction by transition-metal-free catalysts. Here we performed a proof-of-concept study using an ab initio valence bond method called the block-localized wave function (BLW) method. The integrated BLW and density function theory (DFT) computations demonstrated that heterobimetallic Ae+/Al(I) (Ae represents alkaline earth metals Mg and Ca) Lewis acid/base combinations without transition metals can facilely capture and activate CO2. There are two remarkable findings in this study. The first concerns the ionic nature of the metal-metal bonds. The experimentally synthesized low valent aluminum compound with a bidentate β-diketiminate (BDI) ligand, or (BDI)Al(I) in brief, is a Lewis base due to the lone pair on the aluminum cation though overall Al(I) is positively charged. Al(I) can form ionic metal-metal bonds with the alkaline earth metals of the positively charged Lewis acids (BDI)Ae+. This type of ionic metal-metal bonds is counterintuitive and antielectrostatic as both metals carry positive charges. The second finding is the CO2 activation mechanism. (BDI)Al(I) can effectively bind and activate CO2 by transferring one electron to CO2, and the resulting complex can be best expressed as [(BDI)Al(I)]+[CO2]-. The participation of (BDI)Ae+ further enhances the capture and activation of CO2 by (BDI)Al(I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Kai Tang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Ya-Zhou Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Fang Ma
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Zexing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
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31
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Gange GB, Humphries AL, Royzman DE, Smith MD, Peryshkov DV. Metal-Free Bond Activation by Carboranyl Diphosphines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10842-10846. [PMID: 34254787 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report metal-free bond activation by the carboranyl diphosphine 1-PtBu2-2-PiPr2-C2B10H10. This main group element system contains basic binding sites and possesses the ability to cycle through two-electron redox states. The reported reactions with selected main group hydrides and alcohols occur via the formal oxidation of the phosphine groups and concomitant reduction of the boron cage. These transformations, which are driven by the cooperation between the electron-donating exohedral substituents and the electron-accepting cluster, differ from those of "regular" phosphines and are reminiscent of oxidative addition to transition metal centers, thus representing a new approach to metal-free bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri B Gange
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Amanda L Humphries
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Dmitry E Royzman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Dmitry V Peryshkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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32
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Munz D, Meyer K. Charge frustration in ligand design and functional group transfer. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:422-439. [PMID: 37118028 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecules with different resonance structures of similar importance, such as heterocumulenes and mesoionics, are prominent in many applications of chemistry, including 'click chemistry', photochemistry, switching and sensing. In coordination chemistry, similar chameleonic/schizophrenic entities are referred to as ambidentate/ambiphilic or cooperative ligands. Examples of these had remained, for a long time, limited to a handful of archetypal compounds that were mere curiosities. In this Review, we describe ambiphilicity - or, rather, 'charge frustration' - as a general guiding principle for ligand design and functional group transfer. We first give a historical account of organic zwitterions and discuss their electronic structures and applications. Our discussion then focuses on zwitterionic ligands and their metal complexes, such as those of ylidic and redox-active ligands. Finally, we present new approaches to single-atom transfer using cumulated small molecules and outline emerging areas, such as bond activation and stable donor-acceptor ligand systems for reversible 1e- chemistry or switching.
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Patel TR, Ganguly B. Metal‐free catalytic activation and borylation of the ––H bond of 1‐methyl pyrrole using adamantane‐derived aminoborane frustrated Lewis pairs: A density functional theory study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tulsi R. Patel
- Computation and Simulation Unit, Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility CSIR‐Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute Bhavnagar India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Bishwajit Ganguly
- Computation and Simulation Unit, Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility CSIR‐Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute Bhavnagar India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
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Wilkinson E, Viguri F, Rodríguez R, López JA, García‐Orduña P, Lahoz FJ, Lamata P, Carmona D. Strained Ruthenium Complexes Bearing Tridentate Guanidine‐Derived Ligands. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eden‐Taylor Wilkinson
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Departamento de Química Inorgánica Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Fernando Viguri
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Departamento de Química Inorgánica Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Ricardo Rodríguez
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Departamento de Química Inorgánica Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - José A. López
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Departamento de Química Inorgánica Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Pilar García‐Orduña
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Departamento de Química Inorgánica Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Fernando J. Lahoz
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Departamento de Química Inorgánica Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Pilar Lamata
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Departamento de Química Inorgánica Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Daniel Carmona
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Departamento de Química Inorgánica Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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35
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Pan Y, Cui J, Wei Y, Xu Z, Wang T. B-H and O-H bonds activation via a single electron transfer of frustrated radical pairs. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8947-8954. [PMID: 34109966 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01169c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The rare examples of B-H bond activation in a frustrated radical pair regime have been observed by treatment of TEMPO radicals with Piers' borane HB(C6F5)2 or bis-borane, respectively. The resulting concomitant formation of zwitterionic products and geminal N/B frustrated Lewis pairs implied a one electron process. In addition, the reaction of a TEMPO/B(C6F5)3 pair with H2O·B(C6F5)3 was assumed to involve one-electron reduction of water. Our results provide insights into chemical bond (e.g. B-H and O-H) activation via a single electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Pan
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Cui
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yongliang Wei
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaochao Xu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China. and CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tongdao Wang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
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36
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Zhang H, Wang H, Jiang Y, Cao F, Gao W, Zhu L, Yang Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Chen J, Feng Y, Deng X, Lu Y, Hu X, Li X, Zhang J, Shi T, Wang Z. Recent Advances in Iodine-Promoted C-S/N-S Bonds Formation. Chemistry 2020; 26:17289-17317. [PMID: 32470225 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing scaffold, as a ubiquitous structural motif, has been frequently used in natural products, bioactive chemicals and pharmaceuticals, particularly C-S/N-S bonds are indispensable in many biological important compounds and pharmaceuticals. Development of mild and general methods for C-S/N-S bonds formation has great significance in modern research. Iodine and its derivatives have been recognized as inexpensive, environmentally benign and easy-handled catalysts or reagents to promote the construction of C-S/N-S bonds under mild reaction conditions, with good regioselectivities and broad substrate scope. Especially based on this, several new strategies, such as oxidation relay strategy, have been greatly developed and accelerated the advancement of this field. This review focuses on recent advances in iodine and its derivatives promoted hybridized C-S/N-S bonds formation. The features and mechanisms of corresponding reactions are summarized and the results of some cases are compared with those of previous reports. In addition, the future of this domain is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Huihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Fei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Longqing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jinhong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yiyue Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yingmei Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Tao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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37
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Mei L, Veleta JM, Bloch J, Goodman HJ, Pierce-Navarro D, Villalobos A, Gianetti TL. Tunable carbocation-based redox active ambiphilic ligands: synthesis, coordination and characterization. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:16095-16105. [PMID: 32186563 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00419g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel redox active ambiphilic ligands L1-L3 and their coordination chemistry to first-row late transition metal halides (M = Co and Ni) is reported. The heterocyclic carbocation scaffolds act as Lewis acid moieties while the pyridine anchor acts as the coordinating Lewis base. The high synthetic tunability of this ligand scaffold allows for control of its rigidity and electronic properties. Anion exchange and coordination of a chloride anion to the metal center was observed resulting in the formation of [MCl3]- metallate. Upon coordination to the pyridine anchor, the metallate centers adopt a canonical tetrahedral geometry, resulting in an overall neutral complex best described as a zwitterionic metallate trichloride bound to a cationic ligand. Characterization techniques including single crystal X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy were employed to better understand the structural and chemical properties of the ligands and metal complexes. A possible weak interaction between one of the chlorides and the carbenium moiety in the ligand is observed in crystals of both of the Co(ii) and Ni(ii) complexes with ligand L1. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support that this electrostatic interaction for complexes 2a and 2b exists only in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyong Mei
- University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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38
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Morris KC, Wright SE, Meyer GF, Clark TB. Phosphine-Directed sp 3 C-H, C-O, and C-N Borylation. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14795-14801. [PMID: 32942856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Benzylic C-H borylation reactions are limited, requiring new approaches to exploit their reactivity for efficient selective functionalization. The recent development of phosphine-directed C-H borylation of arenes has now been extended to benzylic substrates, providing high yield of the mono- and geminal bis-borylation products. Attempts to borylate the C-H bond α to a benzylic ether or amine resulted in C-O and C-N borylation, followed by C-H borylation to provide geminal bis-borylated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey C Morris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92110, United States
| | - Shawn E Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92110, United States
| | - Gillian F Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92110, United States
| | - Timothy B Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92110, United States
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Iashin V, Berta D, Chernichenko K, Nieger M, Moslova K, Pápai I, Repo T. Metal-Free C-H Borylation of N-Heteroarenes by Boron Trifluoride. Chemistry 2020; 26:13873-13879. [PMID: 32478432 PMCID: PMC7702085 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Organoboron compounds are essential reagents in modern C-C coupling reactions. Their synthesis via catalytic C-H borylation by main group elements is emerging as a powerful tool alternative to transition metal based catalysis. Herein, a straightforward metal-free synthesis of aryldifluoroboranes from BF3 and heteroarenes is reported. The reaction is assisted by sterically hindered amines and catalytic amounts of thioureas. According to computational studies the reaction proceeds via frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) mechanism. The obtained aryldifluoroboranes are further stabilized against destructive protodeborylation by converting them to the corresponding air stable tetramethylammonium organotrifluoroborates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Iashin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio, 100014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Dénes Berta
- Institute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Konstantin Chernichenko
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio, 100014HelsinkiFinland
- Present address: API Small Molecule DevelopmentJanssen Pharmaceutica N.V.Turnhoutseweg 302340BeerseBelgium
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio, 100014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Karina Moslova
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio, 100014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Imre Pápai
- Institute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Timo Repo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio, 100014HelsinkiFinland
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40
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Aman M, Dostál L, Mikysek T, Růžičková Z, Mebs S, Beckmann J, Jambor R. Study of Donor–Acceptor Bonds on the
N
‐Coordinated Sn/Pb(II) Atoms in
peri
‐Substituted Naphthalenes: Evidence of Pb→B Interaction. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Aman
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry University of Pardubice 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry University of Pardubice 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Mikysek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry University of Pardubice 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Růžičková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry University of Pardubice 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry University of Pardubice 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
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41
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Desrosiers V, Garcia CZ, Fontaine FG. Boron Recycling in the Metal-Free Transfer C–H Borylation of Terminal Alkynes and Heteroarenes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Desrosiers
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Frédéric-Georges Fontaine
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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42
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Yokley TW, Tupkar H, Schley ND, DeYonker NJ, Brewster TP. CO 2 Capture by 2-(Methylamino)pyridine Ligated Aluminum Alkyl Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020; 2020:2958-2967. [PMID: 32879618 PMCID: PMC7457790 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A set of novel, easily synthesized aluminum complexes, Al[κ2-N,N-2-(methylamino)pyridine]2R (R = Et, iBu) are reported. When subjected to 1 atm of CO2 pressure, each hemilabile pyridine arm dissociates and facilitates cooperative activation of the CO2 substrate reminiscent of a Frustrated Lewis Pair. This reaction has limited precedent for Al/N based Lewis Pair systems, and this is the first system readily shown to sequester multiple equivalents of CO2 per aluminum center. The ethyl variant then reacts further, inserting a third equivalent of CO2 into the aluminum alkyl to generate an aluminum carboxylate. Examples of this type of reactivity are rare under thermal conditions. A joint experimental/computational study supports the proposed reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Yokley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 3744 Walker Ave., Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Hrishikesh Tupkar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 3744 Walker Ave., Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Nathan D Schley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Nathan J DeYonker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 3744 Walker Ave., Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Timothy P Brewster
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 3744 Walker Ave., Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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Ramos A, Antiñolo A, Carrillo-Hermosilla F, Fernández-Galán R. Ph 2PCH 2CH 2B(C 8H 14) and Its Formaldehyde Adduct as Catalysts for the Reduction of CO 2 with Hydroboranes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9998-10012. [PMID: 32586095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We study two metal-free catalysts for the reduction of CO2 with four different hydroboranes and try to identify mechanistically relevant intermediate species. The catalysts are the phosphinoborane Ph2P(CH2)2BBN (1), easily accessible in a one-step synthesis from diphenyl(vinyl)phosphine and 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (H-BBN), and its formaldehyde adduct Ph2P(CH2)2BBN(CH2O) (2), detected in the catalytic reduction of CO2 with 1 as the catalyst but properly prepared from compound 1 and p-formaldehyde. Reduction of CO2 with H-BBN gave mixtures of CH2(OBBN)2 (A) and CH3OBBN (B) using both catalysts. Stoichiometric and kinetic studies allowed us to unveil the key role played in this reaction by the formaldehyde adduct 2 and other formaldehyde-formate species, such as the polymeric BBN(CH2)2(Ph2P)(CH2O)BBN(HCO2) (3) and the bisformate macrocycle BBN(CH2)2(Ph2P)(CH2O)BBN(HCO2)BBN(HCO2) (4), whose structures were confirmed by diffractometric analysis. Reduction of CO2 with catecholborane (HBcat) led to MeOBcat (C) exclusively. Another key intermediate was identified in the reaction of 2 with the borane and CO2, this being the bisformaldehyde-formate macrocycle (HCO2){BBN(CH2)2(Ph2P)(CH2O)}2Bcat (5), which was also structurally characterized by X-ray analysis. In contrast, using pinacolborane (HBpin) as the reductant with catalysts 1 and 2 usually led to mixtures of mono-, di-, and trihydroboration products HCO2Bpin (D), CH2(OBpin)2 (E), and CH3OBpin (F). Stoichiometric studies allowed us to detect another formaldehyde-formate species, (HCO2)BBN(CH2)2(Ph2P)(CH2O)Bpin (6), which may play an important role in the catalytic reaction. Finally, only the formaldehyde adduct 2 turned out to be active in the catalytic hydroboration of CO2 using BH3·SMe2 as the reductant, yielding a mixture of two methanol-level products, [(OMe)BO]3 (G, major product) and B(OMe)3 (H, minor product). In this transformation, the Lewis adduct (BH3)Ph2P(CH2)2BBN was identified as the resting state of the catalyst, whereas an intermediate tentatively formulated as the Lewis adduct of compound 2 and BH3 was detected in solution in a stoichiometric experiment and is likely to be mechanistically relevant for the catalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ramos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonio Antiñolo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Fernando Carrillo-Hermosilla
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rafael Fernández-Galán
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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44
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Iqbal SA, Pahl J, Yuan K, Ingleson MJ. Intramolecular (directed) electrophilic C-H borylation. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4564-4591. [PMID: 32495755 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00763f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The intramolecular C-H borylation of (hetero)arenes and alkenes using electrophilic boranes is a powerful transition metal free methodology for forming C-B bonds. These C-H borylation reactions are preceded by intermolecular bond (both dative and covalent) formation, with examples proceeding via initial C-B and N-B bond formation dominating this field thus both are discussed in depth herein. Less prevalent intramolecular electrophilic C-H borylation reactions that proceed by intermolecular O-B, S-B and P-B bond formation are also summarised. Mechanistic studies are presented that reveal two mechanisms for C-H borylation, (i) electrophilic aromatic substitution (prevalent with B-X electrophiles); (ii) σ-bond metathesis mediated (prevalent with B-H and B-R electrophiles). To date, intramolecular electrophilic C-H borylation is utilised mainly for accessing boron containing conjugated organic materials, however recent developments, summarized herein alongside early studies, have highlighted the applicability of this methodology for forming synthetically versatile organo-boronate esters and boron containing bioactives. The multitude of synthetic procedures reported for intramolecular electrophilic C-H borylation contain many common features and this enables key requirements for successful C-H borylation and the factors effecting regioselectivity and substrate scope to be identified, discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Iqbal
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - J Pahl
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - K Yuan
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - M J Ingleson
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
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45
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Huang Z, Wang S, Dewhurst RD, Ignat'ev NV, Finze M, Braunschweig H. Boron: Its Role in Energy-Related Processes and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8800-8816. [PMID: 31625661 PMCID: PMC7317435 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Boron's unique position in the Periodic Table, that is, at the apex of the line separating metals and nonmetals, makes it highly versatile in chemical reactions and applications. Contemporary demand for renewable and clean energy as well as energy-efficient products has seen boron playing key roles in energy-related research, such as 1) activating and synthesizing energy-rich small molecules, 2) storing chemical and electrical energy, and 3) converting electrical energy into light. These applications are fundamentally associated with boron's unique characteristics, such as its electron-deficiency and the availability of an unoccupied p orbital, which allow the formation of a myriad of compounds with a wide range of chemical and physical properties. For example, boron's ability to achieve a full octet of electrons with four covalent bonds and a negative charge has led to the synthesis of a wide variety of borate anions of high chemical and electrochemical stability-in particular, weakly coordinating anions. This Review summarizes recent advances in the study of boron compounds for energy-related processes and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Huang
- School of Civil & Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Technology Sydney81 BroadwayUltimoNSW2007Australia
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of ChemistryQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Nikolai V. Ignat'ev
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Merck KGaA64293DarmstadtGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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46
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Simon M, Radius M, Wagner HE, Breher F. Imidazolyl Alanes – Synthesis, Structures, and Reactivity Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Simon
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr.15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Michael Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr.15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Hanna E. Wagner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr.15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr.15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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47
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Sun X, Su W, Shi K, Xie Z, Zhu C. Triple Frustrated Lewis Pair-Type Reactivity on a Single Rare-Earth Metal Center. Chemistry 2020; 26:5354-5359. [PMID: 31950533 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rare-earth metal cations have been used rarely as Lewis-acidic components in the chemistry of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). Herein, we report the first cerium/phosphorus system (2) employing a heptadentate N4 P3 ligand, which exhibits triple FLP-type reactivity towards a series of organic substrates, including isocyanates, isothiocyanates, diazomethane, and azides on a single rare-earth Lewis acidic Ce center. This result shows that the Ce center and three P atoms in 2 could simultaneously activate three equivalents of small molecules under mild conditions. This study broadens the diversity of FLPs and demonstrates that rare earth based FLP exhibit unique properties compared with other FLP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Wei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Kaiying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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48
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Huang Z, Wang S, Dewhurst RD, Ignat'ev NV, Finze M, Braunschweig H. Bor in energiebezogenen Prozessen und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Huang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney 81 Broadway Ultimo NSW 2007 Australien
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of Chemistry Queen's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Kanada
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Nikolai V. Ignat'ev
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Merck KGaA 64293 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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49
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Janes T, Diskin‐Posner Y, Milstein D. Synthesis and Reactivity of Cationic Boron Complexes Distorted by Pyridine‐based Pincer Ligands: Isolation of a Photochemical Hofmann–Martius‐type Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4932-4936. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Janes
- Department of Organic ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Yael Diskin‐Posner
- Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Organic ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
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50
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Janes T, Diskin‐Posner Y, Milstein D. Synthesis and Reactivity of Cationic Boron Complexes Distorted by Pyridine‐based Pincer Ligands: Isolation of a Photochemical Hofmann–Martius‐type Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Janes
- Department of Organic ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Yael Diskin‐Posner
- Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Organic ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
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