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Martynov AI, Belov AS, Nevolin VK. Using non-adiabatic excitation transfer for signal transmission between molecular logic gates. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39037702 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01206b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Molecular logic gates (MLGs) are molecules which perform logic operations. They can potentially be used as building blocks for nano-sized computational devices. However, their physical and functional integration is a difficult task which remains to be solved. The problem lies in the field of signal exchange between the gates within the system. We propose using non-adiabatic excitation transfer between the gates to address this problem while absorption and fluorescence are left to communicate with external devices. Excitation transfer was studied using the modified Bixon-Jortner-Plotnikov theory with the example of the 3H-thioxanthene-TTF-dibenzo-BODIPY covalently linked triad. Several designs of the molecule were studied in a vacuum and cyclohexane. It was found that the molecular logic system has to be planar and rigid to isolate radiative interfaces from other gates. Functioning of these gates is based on dark πσ*-states in contrast to bright ππ*-states of radiative interfaces. There are no fundamental differences between ππ* → πσ* and ππ* → ππ* transitions for cases when an exciton hops from one gate to another. The rates of such transitions depend only on an energy gap between states and the distance between gates. The circuit is highly sensitive to the choice of solvent which could rearrange its state structure thereby altering its behavior. According to the obtained results, non-adiabatic transfer can be considered as one of the possible ways for transmitting a signal between MLGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Martynov
- National Research University of Electronic Technology, 1 Shokin Square, Zelenograd, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A S Belov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie gory, Moscow, Russia
| | - V K Nevolin
- National Research University of Electronic Technology, 1 Shokin Square, Zelenograd, Moscow, Russia.
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2
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Qian D, Zhang J, Sun G, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Li J, Li H. Programmable Entropy-Driven Circuit-Cascaded Self-Feedback DNAzyme Network for Ultra-Sensitive Fluorescence and Photoelectrochemical Dual-Mode Biosensing. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7274-7280. [PMID: 38655584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by natural DNA networks, programmable artificial DNA networks have become an attractive tool for developing high-performance biosensors. However, there is still a lot of room for expansion in terms of sensitivity, atom economy, and result self-validation for current microRNA sensors. In this protocol, miRNA-122 as a target model, an ultrasensitive fluorescence (FL) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) dual-mode biosensing platform is developed using a programmable entropy-driven circuit (EDC) cascaded self-feedback DNAzyme network. The well-designed EDC realizes full utilization of the DNA strands and improves the atomic economy of the signal amplification system. The unique and rational design of the double-CdSe quantum-dot-released EDC substrate and the cascaded self-feedback DNAzyme amplification network significantly avoids high background signals and enhances sensitivity and specificity. Also, the enzyme-free, programmable EDC cascaded DNAzyme network effectively avoids the risk of signal leakage and enhances the accuracy of the sensor. Moreover, the introduction of superparamagnetic Fe3O4@SiO2-cDNA accelerates the rapid extraction of E2-CdSe QDs and E3-CdSe QDs, which greatly improves the timeliness of sensor signal reading. In addition to the strengths of linear range (6 orders of magnitude) and stability, the biosensor design with dual signal reading makes the test results self-confirming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defu Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, P. R. China
| | - Jingling Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, P. R. China
| | - Guoshuai Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, P. R. China
| | - Yuye Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, P. R. China
| | - Qin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, P. R. China
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3
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Fan X, Gao Y, Zhang X, Li J, Song R, Feng X, Song W. "OR" logic gate multiplexed photoelectrochemical sensor for high-risk human papillomaviruses: "One pot" recombinase polymerase amplification and logic discrimination. Talanta 2024; 266:125090. [PMID: 37619470 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Multiple targets analysis in complex samples is of great importance in medical and health sciences. Limited by independent laborious operational procedures, multiple targets determination remains a challenge. Herein, we report an "OR" logic gate multiplexed photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor based on "one pot" recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) strategy. "One pot" RPA triggers exponential growth of multiple DNA in complex samples. Subsequently, the amplification products interact separately with lambda exonuclease (λ exo) or Cas12a-crRNA. Following the multiple targets recognition event, the dual enzyme-mediated cleavage separates the signal labels from the photocathode. The resulting photocurrent change is utilized for logical discrimination and detection. The feasibility of the sensor is verified by analyzing the two typical duplex DNA (high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV)). Ultralow detection limit (0.088 fg/μL, 0.081 fg/μL) with broad detection range (0.1 fg/μL to 10 ng/μL, 0.1 fg/μL to 1 ng/μL) for HPV16 and HPV18 are obtained. Eliminating instrumentation constraints (light source/potential modulation) and simplifying operation procedures, this work opens an avenue for developing multiplexed sensing devices for clinical diagnosis and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Fan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yao Gao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xuechen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Renhuan Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xun Feng
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, No.146 Yellow River North Street, Shenyang, 110034, China.
| | - Wenbo Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Zhang X, Dou H, Chen X, Lin M, Dai Y, Xia F. Solid-State Nanopore Sensors with Enhanced Sensitivity through Nucleic Acid Amplification. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17153-17161. [PMID: 37966312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state nanopores have wide applications in DNA sequencing, energy conversion and storage, seawater desalination, sensors, and reactors due to their high stability, controllable geometry, and a variety of pore-forming materials. Solid-state nanopore sensors can be used for qualitative and quantitative analyses of ions, small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids. The combination of nucleic acid amplification and solid-state nanopores to achieve trace detection of analytes is gradually attracting attention. This review outlines nucleic acid amplification strategies for enhancing the sensitivity of solid-state nanopore sensors by summarizing the articles published in the past 10 years. The future development prospects and challenges of nucleic acid amplification in solid-state nanopore sensors are discussed. This review helps readers better understand the field of solid-state nanopore sensors. We believe that solid-state nanopore sensors will break through the bottleneck of traditional detection and become a powerful single-molecule detection platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huimin Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Meihua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Chen J, Yu S, Qian Z, He K, Li B, Cao Y, Tang K, Yu S, Wu YX. Target-triggered enzyme-free amplification for highly efficient AND-gated bioimaging in living cells. Analyst 2023; 148:5963-5971. [PMID: 37867382 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01157g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, simultaneous, and sensitive detection of biomolecules has important application prospects in disease diagnosis and biomedical research. However, because the content of intracellular endogenous target biomolecules is usually very low, traditional detection methods can't be used for effective detection and imaging, and to enhance the detection sensitivity, signal amplification strategies are frequently required. The hybridization chain reaction (HCR) has been used to detect many disease biomarkers because of its simple operation, good reproducibility, and no enzyme involvement. Although HCR signal amplification methods have been employed to detect and image intracellular biomolecules, there are still false positive signals. Therefore, a target-triggered enzyme-free amplification system (GHCR system) was developed, as a fluorescent AND-gated sensing platform for intracellular target probing. The false positive signals can be well avoided and the accuracy of detection and imaging can be improved by using the design of the AND gate. Two cancer markers, GSH and miR-1246, were used as two orthogonal inputs for the AND gated probe. The AND-gated probe only works when GSH and miR-1246 are the inputs at the same time, and FRET signals can be the output. In addition to the use of AND-gated imaging, FRET-based high-precision ratiometric fluorescence imaging was employed. FRET-based ratiometric fluorescent probes have a higher ability to resist interference from the intracellular environment, they can avoid false positive signals well, and they are expected to have good specificity. Due to the advantages of HCR, AND-gated, and FRET fluorescent probes, the GHCR system exhibited highly efficient AND-gated FRET bioimaging for intracellular endogenous miRNAs with a lower detection limit of 18 pM, which benefits the applications of ratiometric intracellular biosensing and bioimaging and offers a novel concept for advancing the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies in the field of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Application, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Shengrong Yu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Application, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
- Ningbo Zhenhai Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Zhiling Qian
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Application, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Kangdi He
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Application, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Bingqian Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Application, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Yuting Cao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Application, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Keqi Tang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Application, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
- Ningbo Zhenhai Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Shengjia Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yong-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Application, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
- Ningbo Zhenhai Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
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Zhang S, Shao H, Li KB, Shi W, Han DM. Nanofluidic sensing platform for PNK assay using nonlinear hybridization chain reaction and its application in DNA logic circuit. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 240:115632. [PMID: 37647684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a polyethyleneimine (PEI)/Zr4+-functionalized nanofluidic sensing platform based on nonlinear hybridization chain reaction (NHCR) was developed for PNK activity assay. With the existence of PNK, the hairpin HPNK was cleaved by λ exonuclease, liberating the initiator T-DNA. Then T-DNA triggered the nonlinear HCR in solution and the reaction products were absorbed onto the nanopore, which changed the surface charge of nanofluidic device and could be detected by current-voltage characteristic curves. Compared to traditional linear HCR, the nonlinear HCR exhibits a higher sensitivity and order of growth kinetics, making it a powerful signal amplifier in bioanalysis. Due to the powerful amplification efficiency of nonlinear HCR, high sensitivity of the nanopore and specific recognition site of PNK/λ-Exo, an ultrasensitive and selective PNK sensing approach had been developed and applied to precisely quantitate the PNK activity with a LOD of 0.0001 U/mL. Moreover, utilizing this nanofluidic system as a foundation, we constructed a logic circuit that utilized PNK, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and (NH4)2SO4 as input elements. ADP and (NH4)2SO4 had a crucial function in facilitating the PNK to regulate the DNA logic gate. By modifying the target and inhibitors, the nanofluidic device could detect a variety of stimuli and execute more advanced logical operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Huahao Shao
- Zhijiang College of Zhejiang University of Technology, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Kai-Bin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang, 318000, China.
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - De-Man Han
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang, 318000, China.
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7
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Qiu X, Dong J, Dai Q, Huang M, Li Y. Functionalized nanopores based on hybridization chain reaction: Fabrication and microRNA sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 240:115594. [PMID: 37660458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-free hybridization chain reaction (HCR) technology is often used as a signal amplification tool for the detection of different targets. In this study, an ultrasensitive and label-free method for detecting miRNA-21 was developed using the nanopore ionic current rectification (ICR) technology coupled with HCR technology. The probe oligonucleotide (DNA1) was combined with the gold-coated nanopore through the Au-S bond to form a DNA1-functionalized gold-coated nanopore (DNA1-Au-coated nanopore). Since miRNA-21 is partially complementary to DNA1, it can be selectively recognized by DNA1-functionalized gold-coated nanopores. The target (miRNA-21) can induce the opening of hairpin DNA and HCR reaction after the introduction of hairpin DNA H1 and H2. The concentration of miRNA-21 will affect the combination of H1 and H2 on the inner wall of the nanopore, and its surface charge will change with the internal modification, thereby changing the ion current rectification ratio. Under the condition that the concentration of H1, H2 and HCR reaction time are constant, the change of ICR ratio is linearly correlated with the logarithm of miRNA-21 concentration within a certain range, which shows that the sensing strategy we designed can achieve target miRNA-21 detection. This ultrasensitive miRNA holds great promise in the field of cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solid, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China
| | - Jingyi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solid, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China
| | - Qingshan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solid, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China
| | - Mimi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solid, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solid, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
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8
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Chao Q, Zhang Y, Li Q, Jiao L, Sun X, Chen X, Zhu L, Yang Q, Shang C, Kong RM, Fan GC, Song ZL, Luo X. Compute-and-Release Logic-Gated DNA Cascade Circuit for Accurate Cancer Cell Imaging. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7723-7734. [PMID: 37133978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Accurate identification of cancer cells is an essential prerequisite for cancer diagnosis and subsequent effective curative interventions. The logic-gate-assisted cancer imaging system that allows a comparison of expression levels between biomarkers, rather than just reading biomarkers as inputs, returns a more comprehensive logical output, improving its accuracy for cell identification. To fulfill this key criterion, we develop a compute-and-release logic-gated double-amplified DNA cascade circuit. This novel system, CAR-CHA-HCR, consists of a compute-and-release (CAR) logic gate, a double-amplified DNA cascade circuit (termed CHA-HCR), and a MnO2 nanocarrier. CAR-CHA-HCR, a novel adaptive logic system, is designed to logically output the fluorescence signals after computing the expression levels of intracellular miR-21 and miR-892b. Only when miR-21 is present and its expression level is above the threshold CmiR-21 > CmiR-892b, the CAR-CHA-HCR circuit performs a compute-and-release operation on free miR-21, thereby outputting enhanced fluorescence signals to accurately image positive cells. It is capable of comparing the relative concentrations of two biomarkers while sensing them, thus allowing accurate identification of positive cancer cells, even in mixed cell populations. Such an intelligent system provides an avenue for highly accurate cancer imaging and is potentially envisioned to perform more complex tasks in biomedical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Chao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Luzhen Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xufeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xuxu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chengwen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Rong-Mei Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Gao-Chao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Song
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xiliang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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Zhang S, Shao H, Li KB, Shi W, Wang Y, Han DM, Mo J. Ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of multiple DNA methyltransferases based on DNA walkers and hyperbranched rolling circle amplification. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1252:341057. [PMID: 36935155 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The accurate and ultrasensitive detection of multiple methyltransferases was in great request for clinical diagnosis and epigenetic therapy. Here, a novel fluorescence assay was proposed for ultrasensitive CpG methyltransferase (M.SssI) and DNA adenine methyltransferase (Dam) activity detection based on hyperbranched rolling circle amplification (HRCA) and DNA walkers. The biosensor showed an extremely high sensitivity due to the dual-amplification strategy of HRCA and DNA walker. The LOD of the biosensor for M.SssI and Dam methyltransferase was estimated at 0.0004 U/mL and 0.001 U/mL, respectively. Without the presence of M.SssI methyltransferase, the corresponding recognition site of hairpin HM was cleaved by HpaII endonuclease, generating a DNA fragment (T-DNA) and inducing the DNA walker-HRCA reaction. Since the HRCA products contained numerous double-strand DNA (dsDNA), SYBR Green I could be embedded in the dsDNA, leading to a high fluorescent signal. In the presence of M.SssI methyltransferase, the corresponding recognition site of hairpin HM was methylated and the HpaII endonuclease-catalyzed stem of hairpin HM dissociation was hindered, leading to no DNA fragment (T-DNA) present. Hence, the DNA walker-HRCA reaction was not initiated and the fluorescent signal of SYBR Green I remained at a low level. Similarly, DNA adenine methyltransferase (Dam) and its inhibitors could also be detected by redesigning hairpin HD with the Dam recognition sequences. Furthermore, the sensing system was applied to analyze the endogenic Dam methyltransferase in the real samples such as E. coli cell lysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang, 318000, China; School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Huahao Shao
- Zhijiang College of Zhejiang University of Technology, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Kai-Bin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang, 318000, China.
| | - De-Man Han
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang, 318000, China.
| | - Jinggang Mo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang, 318000, China.
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Lv R, Wang X, Mao Z, Bai Y, Hao J, Zhang F. Engineering Sandwiched Nanochannel Aptasensor for Efficiently Screening Cancer Cells. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203380. [PMID: 36478319 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are a class of important tumor biomarkers and are closely related to tumorous progression. It is urgent to develop a sensitive and highly efficient method for the rapid and accurate detection of cancer cells. Herein, an aptamer sandwiched nanochannel electrochemical sensor was established for the highly selective determination of cancer cells. By virtue of the porous nanochannels as the filter platform and immobilized with DNA aptamers for specifically capturing the cancer cells, the nanochannel-based electrochemical sensor denotes excellent performance for MCF-7 screening, and allowing a low limit of detection of 36 cells mL-1 . The nanochannels-based sandwich structure aptasensor not only presents an efficacious and reliable approach for cancer cell detection but also provides great advantage for preventing electrode passivation in the process of biomarkers analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lv
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and, Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Health Sciences and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and, Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Health Sciences and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Mao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and, Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Health Sciences and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Yurong Bai
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and, Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Health Sciences and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Junxing Hao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and, Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Health Sciences and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and, Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Health Sciences and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
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11
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Zhao X, He G, Deng W, Tan Y, Xie Q. Tailoring enzymatic loading capacity on 3D macroporous gold by catalytic hairpin assembly and hybridization chain reaction: Application for ultrasensitive self-powered microRNA detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114813. [PMID: 36270081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
It is important to develop effective strategies to construct enzymatic biofuel cell based self-powered biosensors. We report here the facile regulation of enzymatic loading capacity on the bioanode by utilizing a concatenated catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA)/hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and its application for self-powered microRNA-141 (miRNA-141) detection. To construct the bioanode, a concatenated CHA/HCR process triggered by miRNA-141 was conducted on the three-dimensional macroporous gold (3DMG) electrode to generate long double-stranded DNA nanowires for glucose oxidase immobilization. Quartz crystal microbalance study reveals that the enzymatic loading capacity on the bioanode increases at an increasing miRNA-141 concentration, leading to enhanced catalytic performance for glucose oxidation. The short-circuit currents of the assembled glucose/O2 biofuel cells increase at increasing miRNA-141 concentrations, enabling ultrasensitive detection of miRNA-141. The self-powered biosensor features a wide dynamic range for detecting miRNA-141 from 10-17 to 10-11 M, with an ultralow detection limit of 1.3 aM. This work provides a highly sensitive self-powered biosensing platform for miRNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guihua He
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Wenfang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yueming Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Qingji Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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12
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Ni J, Huang M, Ji W, Wang L, Sun T. Recent advances in Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering for Liver Cancer Detection. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2022.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Kang Q, Huang Y, Ma X, Li M, Ma C, Shen D. A simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence spectrum measurement platform and spectrum-resolved ratiometric sensor for miroRNA-141 determination. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Liu YL, Zhao YX, Li YB, Ye ZY, Zhang JJ, Zhou Y, Gao TY, Li F. Recent Advances of Nanoelectrodes for Single-Cell Electroanalysis: From Extracellular, Intercellular to Intracellular. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-022-00223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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15
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Functional nucleic acids as modular components against SARS-CoV-2: From diagnosis to therapeutics. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 201:113944. [PMID: 35026546 PMCID: PMC8718887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which poses an extremely serious global impact on human public healthcare, represents a high transmission and disease-causing viral infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is expanding at a rapid pace. Therefore, it is urgent for researchers to establish effective platforms for the assay and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Functional nucleic acids (FNAs), comprising aptamers and nucleases, are of primary concern within the biological and medical communities owing of the distinctive properties of their target recognition and catalysis. This review will concentrate on the essential aspects of insights regarding FNAs and their technological expertise for the diagnostic and therapeutic utilization against COVID-19. We first offer a historical perspective of the COVID-19 pandemics, its clinical characteristics and potential biomarkers. Then, we briefly discuss the current diagnostic and therapeutic methodology towards COVID-19, highlighting the superiorities and existing shortcomings. After that, we introduce the key features of FNAs, and summarize recent progress of in vitro selection of FNAs for SARS-CoV-2 specific proteins and RNAs, followed by highlighting the general concept of translating FNAs into functional probes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Then, we critically review the emerging FNAs-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that are fast, precise, efficient, and highly specific to fight COVID-19. Finally, we identify remaining challenges and offer future outlook of this emerging field.
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16
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Zhang S, Shi W, Li KB, Han DM, Xu JJ. Ultrasensitive and Label-Free Detection of Multiple DNA Methyltransferases by Asymmetric Nanopore Biosensor. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4407-4416. [PMID: 35234450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is catalyzed by a family of DNA methyltransferases that play crucial roles in various biological processes. Therefore, an ultrasensitive methyltransferase assay is highly desirable in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. However, conventional assays for the detection of DNA methyltransferase activity often involve radioactive labeling, costly equipment, and laborious operation. In this study, an ultrasensitive and label-free method for detecting DNA adenine methyltransferase (Dam) and CpG methyltransferase (M.SssI) was developed using the nanopore technique coupled with DNA cascade signal amplification reactions. A hairpin DNA (HD) comprising of the methylation-responsive sequences was skillfully designed. In the presence of Dam methyltransferase, the corresponding recognition site of hairpin HD was methylated and specifically cleaved by DpnI endonuclease, thus forming a DNA fragment that induces the catalytic hairpin assembly and hybridization chain reaction (CHA-HCR). The generated products could be absorbed onto the Zr4+-coated nanopore, resulting in an ion current rectification signal change. Considering the high sensitivity of the nanopore and excellent specificity toward the recognition of methyltransferase/endonuclease, our developed method could detect both Dam and M.SssI methyltransferases in the same sensing platform. Furthermore, the designed nanopore sensor could realize the multiplex detection of Dam and M.SssI methyltransferases after integration with the cascaded INHIBIT-AND logic gate. This ultrasensitive methyltransferase assay holds great promise in the field of cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai-Bin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - De-Man Han
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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17
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Yang Z, Zhang L. MiRNA-335 Modulates Hepatoma Cell Lines Apoptosis and Proliferation by Targeting Forkhead Box O3a (FOXO3a). J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study intends to elucidate MiRNA-335’s role in hepatoma cell lines (HCC). Real-time PCR was used to detect MiRNA-335 expression in HCC, flow cytometry and MTT were used to detect apoptosis and proliferation. Luciferase reporting system analyzed the targeting relationship
between Foxo3a and MiRNA-335. HCC (SMMC7721 cell) exhibited significantly reduced MiRNA-335 compared to normal hepatocyte cell (HL7702). MiRNA-335 mimic inhibited HCC proliferation and enhanced apoptosis, which were reversed by MiRNA-335 inhibitor. Luciferase reporter gene system showed that
MiRNA-335 significantly inhibited the fluorescent activity of Foxo3a 3′-UTR, indicating that MiRNA-335 could target Foxo3a RNA. In conclusion, the decrease of MiRNA-335 can promote the proliferation of hepatoma cells and inhibit apoptosis possibly through regulating Foxo3a, which provides
a new direction for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxiang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Baoji Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721000, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Baoji Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721000, China
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18
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Li M, Zhang N, Cui Z, Wang W, Wang C, Wang D, Li M, Lu W, Qing G, Liu Y. Biomimetic ion nanochannels for sensing umami substances. Biomaterials 2022; 282:121418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Yang P, Chen H, Zhu Q, Chen Z, Yang Z, Yuan R, Li Y, Liang W. A target-initiated autocatalytic 3D DNA nanomachine for high-efficiency amplified detection of MicroRNA. Talanta 2022; 240:123219. [PMID: 35026639 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Considering the challenges of generating simple and efficient DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) nanomachines for sensitive bioassays and the great potential of target-induced self-cycling catalytic systems, herein, a novel autocatalytic three-dimensional (3D) DNA nanomachine was constructed based on cross-catalytic hairpin assembly on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to generate self-powered efficient cyclic amplification. Typically, the DNA hairpins H1, H2, H3 and H4 were immobilized onto AuNPs first. In the presence of target microRNA-203a, the 3D DNA nanomachines were triggered to activate a series of CHA (catalytic hairpin assembly) reactions. Based on the rational design of the system, the products of the CHA 1 reaction were the trigger of the CHA 2 reaction, which could trigger the CHA 1 reaction in turn, generating an efficient self-powered CHA amplification strategy without adding fuel DNA strands or protein enzymes externally and producing high-efficiency fluorescence signal amplification. More importantly, the proposed autocatalytic 3D DNA nanomachines outperformed conventional 3D DNA nanomachines combined with the single-directional cyclic amplification strategy to maximize the amplification efficiency. This strategy not only achieves high-efficiency analysis of microRNAs (microribonucleic acids) in vitro and intracellularly but also provides a new pathway for highly processive DNA nanomachines, offering a new avenue for bioanalysis and early clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Haoran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Quanjing Zhu
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Zhaopeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Zezhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
| | - Wenbin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
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20
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Wang J, Zhou Y, Jiang L. Bio-inspired Track-Etched Polymeric Nanochannels: Steady-State Biosensors for Detection of Analytes. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18974-19013. [PMID: 34846138 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bio-inspired polymeric nanochannel (also referred as nanopore)-based biosensors have attracted considerable attention on account of their controllable channel size and shape, multi-functional surface chemistry, unique ionic transport properties, and good robustness for applications. There are already very informative reviews on the latest developments in solid-state artificial nanochannel-based biosensors, however, which concentrated on the resistive-pulse sensing-based sensors for practical applications. The steady-state sensing-based nanochannel biosensors, in principle, have significant advantages over their counterparts in term of high sensitivity, fast response, target analytes with no size limit, and extensive suitable range. Furthermore, among the diverse materials, nanochannels based on polymeric materials perform outstandingly, due to flexible fabrication and wide application. This compressive Review summarizes the recent advances in bio-inspired polymeric nanochannels as sensing platforms for detection of important analytes in living organisms, to meet the high demand for high-performance biosensors for analysis of target analytes, and the potential for development of smart sensing devices. In the future, research efforts can be focused on transport mechanisms in the field of steady-state or resistive-pulse nanochannel-based sensors and on developing precisely size-controlled, robust, miniature and reusable, multi-functional, and high-throughput biosensors for practical applications. Future efforts should aim at a deeper understanding of the principles at the molecular level and incorporating these diverse pore architectures into homogeneous and defect-free multi-channel membrane systems. With the rapid advancement of nanoscience and biotechnology, we believe that many more achievements in nanochannel-based biosensors could be achieved in the near future, serving people in a better way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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21
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Liu L, Liu P, Ga L, Ai J. Advances in Applications of Molecular Logic Gates. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30189-30204. [PMID: 34805654 PMCID: PMC8600522 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Logic gates are devices that can perform Boolean logic operations and are the basic components of integrated circuits for information processing and storage. In recent years, molecular logic gates are gradually replacing traditional silicon-based electronic computers with their significant advantages and are used in research in water quality monitoring, heavy metal ion detection, disease diagnosis and treatment, food safety detection, and biological sensors. Logic gates at the molecular level have broad development prospects and huge development potential. In this review, the development and application of logic gates in various fields are used as the entry point to discuss the research progress of logic gates and logic circuits. At the same time, the application of logic gates in quite a few emerging fields is briefly summarized and predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolian Key Laboratory
for Enviromental Chemistry, Inner Mongolia
Normal University, 81 Zhaowudalu, Hohhot 010022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingping Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolian Key Laboratory
for Enviromental Chemistry, Inner Mongolia
Normal University, 81 Zhaowudalu, Hohhot 010022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Ga
- College
of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinchuankaifaqu, Hohhot 010110, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Ai
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolian Key Laboratory
for Enviromental Chemistry, Inner Mongolia
Normal University, 81 Zhaowudalu, Hohhot 010022, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Pan G, Xiao M. Research on Mechanism of miRNA-22 Related with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis for Regulating Process of Tumor Protein P53. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The action of miRNA-22 related with HCC metastasis was analyzed in our study and the mechanism of miRNA-22 related with HCC metastasis was discussed. The HCC hep2 cell was transfected with miRNA-22 mimics and miRNA-22 NC instantaneously followed by analysis of cell migration by Transwell
assay, cell viability by MTT and clone formation and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. The action of miRNA-22 mimics and miRNA-22 on the expression of P53 mRNA in HCC Hep2 cell was detected by RT-PCR. The cell activity in miRNA-22 mimics group was significantly elevated compared with miRNA-22
NC group (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the apoptotic rate, migrated and invaded capacity of HCC cell was significantly elevated (P < 0.01). The expression level of P53 mRNA was reduced (P < 0.01). In conclusion, overexpression of miRNA-22 could restrain the apoptosis
of HCC hep2 cell and down-regulated the expression of P53 so as to prompt cell invasion capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Pan
- Minimally Invasive Surgery of West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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23
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24
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Wang Q, Liu Y, Yan J, Liu Y, Gao C, Ge S, Yu J. 3D DNA Walker-Assisted CRISPR/Cas12a Trans-Cleavage for Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Detection of miRNA-141. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13373-13381. [PMID: 34553925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a CRISPR/Cas12a (LbCpf1)-mediated electrochemiluminescence (ECL) paper-based platform on the basis of a three-dimensional (3D) DNA walker was proposed for the ultrasensitive detection of miRNA-141. Initially, 3D-rGO with a tremendous loading space was modified on the paper working electrode (PWE) to construct an excellent conductive substrate and facilitate the growth of AuPd nanoparticles (NPs). Afterward, the AuPd NPs were introduced as the coreaction emitter medium of the 3D-rGO/PWE to provide convenience for the transformation between S2O82- and SO42-, amplifying the ECL emission of g-C3N4 nanosheets (NSs). Meanwhile, with the help of Nt.BsmAI nicking endonuclease, a 3D DNA walker signal amplifier was designed to convert and magnify the target miRNA-141 into a particular trigger sequence, which could act as activator DNA to motivate the trans-acting deoxyribonuclease activity of CRISPR/Cas12a to further achieve efficient annihilation of the ECL signal. Furthermore, the proposed multimechanism-driven biosensor exhibited excellent sensitivity and specificity, with a relatively low detection limit at 0.331 fM (S/N = 3) in the concentration range between 1 fM and 10 nM. Consequently, the designed strategy not only extended the application scope of CRISPR/Cas12a but also devoted a new approach for the clinical diagnosis of modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P.R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Jixian Yan
- Shandong Provincial Center for Prevention and Control of Solid Waste and Hazardous Chemical Pollution, Jinan 250000, P.R. China
| | - Yunqing Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Chaomin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Shenguang Ge
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P.R. China
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25
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Zhang D, Zhang X. Bioinspired Solid-State Nanochannel Sensors: From Ionic Current Signals, Current, and Fluorescence Dual Signals to Faraday Current Signals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100495. [PMID: 34117705 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inspired from bioprotein channels of living organisms, constructing "abiotic" analogues, solid-state nanochannels, to achieve "smart" sensing towards various targets, is highly seductive. When encountered with certain stimuli, dynamic switch of terminal modified probes in terms of surface charge, conformation, fluorescence property, electric potential as well as wettability can be monitored via transmembrane ionic current, fluorescence intensity, faraday current signals of nanochannels and so on. Herein, the modification methodologies of nanochannels and targets-detecting application are summarized in ions, small molecules, as well as biomolecules, and systematically reviewed are the nanochannel-based detection means including 1) by transmembrane current signals; 2) by the coordination of current- and fluorescence-dual signals; 3) by faraday current signals from nanochannel-based electrode. The coordination of current and fluorescence dual signals offers great benefits for synchronous temporal and spatial monitoring. Faraday signals enable the nanoelectrode to monitor both redox and non-redox components. Notably, by incorporation with confined effect of tip region of a needle-like nanopipette, glorious in-vivo monitoring is conferred on the nanopipette detector at high temporal-spatial resolution. In addition, some outlooks for future application in reliable practical samples analysis and leading research endeavors in the related fantastic fields are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
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26
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Zhou C, Cui K, Liu Y, Li L, Zhang L, Hao S, Ge S, Yu J. Bi 2S 3@MoS 2 Nanoflowers on Cellulose Fibers Combined with Octahedral CeO 2 for Dual-Mode Microfluidic Paper-Based MiRNA-141 Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:32780-32789. [PMID: 34228452 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An effective dual-mode microfluidic paper-based analysis device (μPAD) was proposed via Bi2S3@MoS2 nanoflowers combined with octahedral CeO2 for ultrasensitive miRNA-141 bioassay. To obtain the amplified electrochemical signal, Bi2S3@MoS2 nanoflowers were first in situ grown onto the surface of cellulose fibers to promote the reduction of H2O2. The prism-anchored octahedral CeO2 nanoparticles with a great catalytic function on the reduction of H2O2 were linked up to the functionalized cellulose fibers through the hybridization chain reaction to further enhance the electrochemical signal. By means of the catalysis effect of Bi2S3@MoS2 nanoflowers and octahedral CeO2 nanoparticles, the obtained signal was amplified, thereby achieving ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of the target. With the help of duplex specific nuclease, the octahedral CeO2 could be released from the electrochemical detection area and flow to the color channel through capillary action, which could initiate the oxidation reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine in the existence of H2O2 to generate a blue visual band, avoiding the error of distinguishing color depth caused by the naked eye and thus improving the accuracy of the visual method. Under the optimal conditions, satisfactory prediction and accurate detection performance were achieved in the range of 10 fM-1 nM and 0.5 fM-1 nM, respectively, by measuring the length of the blue product and the electrochemical signal intensity. The electrochemical/visual detection limits of the proposed μPAD for miRNA-141 were as low as 0.12 and 2.65 fM (S/N = 3). This work provides great potential for the construction of low-cost and high-performance dual-mode biosensors for the detection of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Kang Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Li Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Shiji Hao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China
| | - Shenguang Ge
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
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He X, Ma Y, Xie H, Rao G, Yang Z, Zhang J, Feng Z. Biomimetic Nanostructure Platform for Cancer Diagnosis Based on Tumor Biomarkers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:687664. [PMID: 34336803 PMCID: PMC8320534 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.687664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarker discovery and its clinical use have attracted considerable attention since early cancer diagnosis can significantly decrease mortality. Cancer biomarkers include a wide range of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites, sugars, and cytogenetic substances present in human biofluids. Except for free-circulating biomarkers, tumor-extracellular vesicles (tEVs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of various cancers. Considering the potential of tumor biomarkers in clinical settings, several bioinspired detection systems based on nanotechnologies are in the spotlight for detection. However, tremendous challenges remain in detection because of massive contamination, unstable signal-to-noise ratios due to heterogeneity, nonspecific bindings, or a lack of efficient amplification. To date, many approaches are under development to improve the sensitivity and specificity of tumor biomarker isolation and detection. Particularly, the exploration of natural materials in biological frames has encouraged researchers to develop new bioinspired and biomimetic nanostructures, which can mimic the natural processes to facilitate biomarker capture and detection in clinical settings. These platforms have substantial influence in biomedical applications, owing to their capture ability, significant contrast increase, high sensitivity, and specificity. In this review, we first describe the potential of tumor biomarkers in a liquid biopsy and then provide an overview of the progress of biomimetic nanostructure platforms to isolate and detect tumor biomarkers, including in vitro and in vivo studies. Capture efficiency, scale, amplification, sensitivity, and specificity are the criteria that will be further discussed for evaluating the capability of platforms. Bioinspired and biomimetic systems appear to have a bright future to settle obstacles encountered in tumor biomarker detection, thus enhancing effective cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Yifan Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Haotian Xie
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gaofeng Rao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zhong Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
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28
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Cheng J, Jiang F, Zhang S. A nanofluidic device for ultrasensitive and label-free detection of tetracycline in association with γ-cyclodextrin and GO. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1832-1838. [PMID: 33885639 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01868f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an ultrasensitive and selective nanofluidic device for tetracycline (TC) was developed in association with γ-cyclodextrin and graphene oxide (GO). The assay was designed based on the change of the nanochannel surface charge due to the selective recognition ability of GO between aptamers and TC-aptamer complexes. And γ-cyclodextrin was utilized to eliminate the excess TC since the amine group molecules were inclined to be adsorbed onto the nanochannel surface and affected the adsorption efficiency of the nanochannel. In the presence of TC, TC specifically binded to the aptamer to form TC-aptamer and was separated from GO. The TC-aptamer complexes could be quantitated with conical nanochannels coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI)/Zr4+. The redundant TC was removed by γ-cyclodextrin. The detection limit of the nanofluidic device was as low as 2 ng L-1 (S/N = 3) and the linear range was 10 ng L-1 to 10 μg L-1. Moreover, the nanofluidic device provided high specificity and good recovery rates of 94.8-109.3% in natural river, tapwater and wastewater samples. The results revealed that our study provided a new rapid detection method for trace contaminant analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Cheng
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, China
| | - Fenghua Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, China.
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29
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Wu J, Wang X, Ge L, Lv R, Zhang F, Liu Z. Gold nanoparticle integrated artificial nanochannels for label-free detection of peroxynitrite. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3583-3586. [PMID: 33710211 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08410g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A label-free method for rapid and highly sensitive detection of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) was proposed by employing well-designed N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI) capped AuNP integrated artificial nanochannels. This work paves a new pathway to develop a versatile platform for the detection of different biological small molecules and reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
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30
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Jet T, Gines G, Rondelez Y, Taly V. Advances in multiplexed techniques for the detection and quantification of microRNAs. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4141-4161. [PMID: 33538706 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00609b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA detection is currently a crucial analytical chemistry challenge: almost 2000 papers were referenced in PubMed in 2018 and 2019 for the keywords "miRNA detection method". MicroRNAs are potential biomarkers for multiple diseases including cancers, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Since miRNAs are stably released in bodily fluids, they are of prime interest for the development of non-invasive diagnosis methods, such as liquid biopsies. Their detection is however challenging, as high levels of sensitivity, specificity and robustness are required. The analysis also needs to be quantitative, since the aim is to detect miRNA concentration changes. Moreover, a high multiplexing capability is also of crucial importance, since the clinical potential of miRNAs probably lays in our ability to perform parallel mapping of multiple miRNA concentrations and recognize typical disease signature from this profile. A plethora of biochemical innovative detection methods have been reported recently and some of them provide new solutions to the problem of sensitive multiplex detection. In this review, we propose to analyze in particular the new developments in multiplexed approaches to miRNA detection. The main aspects of these methods (including sensitivity and specificity) will be analyzed, with a particular focus on the demonstrated multiplexing capability and potential of each of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS SNC5096, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-75006 Paris, France.
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31
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Pan J, He Y, Liu Z, Chen J. Dual recognition element-controlled logic DNA circuit for COVID-19 detection based on exonuclease III and DNAzyme. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1125-1128. [PMID: 33410447 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06799g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two fragments of the COVID-19 genome (specific and homologous) were used as two inputs to construct an AND logic gate for COVID-19 detection based on exonuclease III and DNAzyme. The detection sensitivity of the assay can reach fM levels. Satisfactory recovery values were obtained in real sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Pan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Ying He
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Junhua Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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32
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Ge L, Wu J, Wang C, Zhang F, Liu Z. Engineering artificial switchable nanochannels for selective monitoring of nitric oxide release from living cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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