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Cabello MC, Chen G, Melville MJ, Osman R, Kumar GD, Domaille DW, Lippert AR. Ex Tenebris Lux: Illuminating Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species with Small Molecule Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9225-9375. [PMID: 39137397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are small reactive molecules derived from elements in the air─oxygen and nitrogen. They are produced in biological systems to mediate fundamental aspects of cellular signaling but must be very tightly balanced to prevent indiscriminate damage to biological molecules. Small molecule probes can transmute the specific nature of each reactive oxygen and nitrogen species into an observable luminescent signal (or even an acoustic wave) to offer sensitive and selective imaging in living cells and whole animals. This review focuses specifically on small molecule probes for superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite that provide a luminescent or photoacoustic signal. Important background information on general photophysical phenomena, common probe designs, mechanisms, and imaging modalities will be provided, and then, probes for each analyte will be thoroughly evaluated. A discussion of the successes of the field will be presented, followed by recommendations for improvement and a future outlook of emerging trends. Our objectives are to provide an informative, useful, and thorough field guide to small molecule probes for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as important context to compare the ecosystem of chemistries and molecular scaffolds that has manifested within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidileyvis C Cabello
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Gen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Michael J Melville
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rokia Osman
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - G Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Dylan W Domaille
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alexander R Lippert
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
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Yang K, Tian Y, Zheng B, Wu F, Hu T, Yang Y, Pan J, Xiong H, Wang S. Fast-Responsive HClO-Activated Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for In Vivo Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Ex Vivo Optical Fecal Analysis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:12065-12073. [PMID: 38982573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic intestinal inflammatory disease, whose etiology is intimately related to the overproduction of hypochlorous acid (HClO). Optical monitoring of HClO in the living body favors real-time diagnosis of inflammatory diseases. However, HClO-activated near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes with rapid response and high inflammatory cell uptake are still lacking. Herein, we report an activatable acceptor-π-acceptor (A-π-A)-type NIR fluorescent probe (Cy-DM) bearing two d-mannosamine groups for the sensitive detection of HClO in early IBD and stool testing. Once reacted with HClO, nonfluorescent Cy-DM could be turned on within 2 s by generating a donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) structure due to the enhanced intramolecular charge transfer mechanism, showing intense NIR fluorescence emission at 700 nm and a large Stokes shift of 115 nm. Moreover, it was able to sensitively and selectively image exogenous and endogenous HClO in the lysosomes of living cells with a detection limit of 0.84 μM. More importantly, because of the d-mannosamine modification, Cy-DM was efficiently taken up by inflammatory cells in the intestine after intravenous administration, allowing noninvasive visualization of endogenous HClO in a lipopolysaccharide-induced IBD mouse model with a high fluorescence contrast of 6.8/1. In addition, water-soluble Cy-DM has also been successfully applied in ex vivo optical fecal analysis, exhibiting a 3.4-fold higher fluorescence intensity in the feces excreted by IBD mice. We believe that Cy-DM is promising as an invaluable tool for rapid diagnosis of HClO-related diseases as well as stool testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairong Yang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bingbing Zheng
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fapu Wu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuexia Yang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jingye Pan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hu Xiong
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Gadiyaram S, Aakshika Sree M, Sharma N, Amilan Jose D. An amphiphilic dansyl based multianalyte sensor for the detection of Hg 2+, PPi, and TNP: A three-in-one chemical sensor. Methods 2024; 223:45-55. [PMID: 38272245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A fluorescent dansyl-based amphiphilic probe, 5-(dimethylamino)-N-hexadecylnaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (DLC), was synthesized and characterized to detect multiple analytes at different sensing environments. In acetonitrile, DLC detects nitro explosives such as trinitrophenol (TNP) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) by an emission "on-off" response method, and the detection limits (LOD) were estimated to be as low as 4.3 µM and 17.4 µM, respectively. Amphiphilic long chains of the probe were embedded into lipid bilayers to form nanoscale vesicles DLC.Ves. Nanovesicular probe DLC.Ves was found to be highly selective for Hg2+ among other metal ions and for pyrophosphate (PPi) ions among various anions. DLC.Ves could detect Hg2+ with a turn "on-off" emission and PPi with ratiometric change in emission at 525 nm. It is proposed that DLC.Ves could detect Hg2+ via the Hg2+-induced aggregation quenching mechanism and PPi through the Hydrogen bonding. The LODs are estimated as 6.41 µM and 70.9 µM for Hg2+ and PPi, respectively. 1H NMR, SEM, and fluorescence lifetime measurements confirmed the binding mechanism. Thus, it is believed that the simple fluorescent probe DLC could be a prominent sensor to detect multiple analytes depending on the sensing medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srushti Gadiyaram
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - M Aakshika Sree
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Nancy Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - D Amilan Jose
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India.
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Li S, Lin Z, Chen H, Luo Q, Han S, Huang K, Chen R, Zhan Y, Chen B, Yao H. Synthesis and Application of a Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Fluorescent Probe for Specific Imaging of Cancer Cells with High Sensitivity and Selectivity. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:29-41. [PMID: 38225973 PMCID: PMC10788685 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s439038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The preclinical diagnosis of tumors is of great significance to cancer treatment. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging technology is promising for the in-situ detection of tumors with high sensitivity. Methods Here, a fluorescent probe was synthesized on the basis of Au nanoclusters with near-infrared light emission and applied to fluorescent cancer cell labeling. Near-infrared methionine-N-Hydroxy succinimide Au nanoclusters (Met-NHs-AuNCs) were prepared successfully by one-pot synthesis using Au nanoclusters, methionine, and N-Hydroxy succinimide as frameworks, reductants, and stabilizers, respectively. The specific fluorescence imaging of tumor cells or tissues by fluorescent probe was studied on the basis of SYBYL Surflex-DOCK simulation model of LAT1 active site of overexpressed receptor on cancer cell surface. The results showed that Met-NHs-AuNCs interacted with the surface of LAT1, and C_Score scored the conformation of the probe and LAT1 as five. Results Characterization and in vitro experiments were conducted to explore the Met-NHs-AuNCs targeted uptake of cancer cells. The prepared near-infrared fluorescent probe (Met-NHs-AuNCs) can specifically recognize the overexpression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) in cancer cells so that it can show red fluorescence in cancer cells. Meanwhile, normal cells (H9c2) have no fluorescence. Conclusion The fluorescent probe demonstrates the power of targeting and imaging cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, FuJian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, FuJian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haobo Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, FuJian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, FuJian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, FuJian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunlong Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, FuJian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruichan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, FuJian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuying Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, FuJian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Chen
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, FuJian, People’s Republic of China
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
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Xie W, Jiang J, Shu D, Zhang Y, Yang S, Zhang K. Recent Progress in the Rational Design of Biothiol-Responsive Fluorescent Probes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104252. [PMID: 37241992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biothiols such as cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione play significant roles in important biological activities, and their abnormal concentrations have been found to be closely associated with certain diseases, making their detection a critical task. To this end, fluorescent probes have become increasingly popular due to their numerous advantages, including easy handling, desirable spatiotemporal resolution, high sensitivity, fast response, and favorable biocompatibility. As a result, intensive research has been conducted to create fluorescent probes for the detection and imaging of biothiols. This brief review summarizes recent advances in the field of biothiol-responsive fluorescent probes, with an emphasis on rational probe design, including the reaction mechanism, discriminating detection, reversible detection, and specific detection. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of fluorescence probes for biothiols are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Jinyu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Dunji Shu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology &Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology &Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology &Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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6
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Wu P, Xiong H. An acid-enhanced OFF-ON fluorescent probe for the detection of hypochlorous acid in rheumatoid arthritis. Talanta 2022; 247:123584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Yao L, Yin C, Huo F. Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Detecting Several Abnormally Expressed Substances in Tumors. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1328. [PMID: 36014250 PMCID: PMC9412406 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Malignant tumors have always been the biggest problem facing human survival, and a huge number of people die from cancer every year. Therefore, the identification and detection of malignant tumors have far-reaching significance for human survival and development. Some substances are abnormally expressed in tumors, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitroreductase (NTR), pH, biothiols (GSH, Cys, Hcy), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen sulfide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and NADH. Consequently, it is of great value to diagnose and treat malignant tumors due to the identification and detection of these substances. Compared with traditional tumor detection methods, fluorescence imaging technology has the advantages of an inexpensive cost, fast detection and high sensitivity. Herein, we mainly introduce the research progress of fluorescent probes for identifying and detecting abnormally expressed substances in several tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yao
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Caixia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Chen Y, Zhu Z, Liu X, Jiang Y, Shen J. Lysosome-targeting benzothiazole-based fluorescent probe for imaging viscosity and hypochlorite levels in living cells and zebrafish. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 275:121141. [PMID: 35306306 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Viscosity and hypochlorite (OCl-) play an important role in biological activities and may cause negative effects at abnormal levels. In this study, a novel lysosome-target fluorescent probe BDHA was obtained based on a benzothiazole derivative. Probe BDHA showed linear ranges of detection for viscosity from 1.62 cP to 851.6 cP with a fluorescent turn-on response. It can also be used as a sensor for OCl- with a turn-off response and showed a good linear range from 0 to 390 μM, with the detection limit calculated to be 2.8 μM. Moreover, BDHA can also be used to image viscosity and OCl- levels in HeLa cells and zebrafish, owing to its excellent optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuang Chen
- Jiangsu Open Laboratory of Major Scientific Instrument and Equipment, Jiangsu Collaborat Innovat Ctr Biomed Funct Mat, Jiangsu Key Lab Biofunct Mat, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zeyu Zhu
- Jiangsu Open Laboratory of Major Scientific Instrument and Equipment, Jiangsu Collaborat Innovat Ctr Biomed Funct Mat, Jiangsu Key Lab Biofunct Mat, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Jiangsu Open Laboratory of Major Scientific Instrument and Equipment, Jiangsu Collaborat Innovat Ctr Biomed Funct Mat, Jiangsu Key Lab Biofunct Mat, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuliang Jiang
- Jiangsu Open Laboratory of Major Scientific Instrument and Equipment, Jiangsu Collaborat Innovat Ctr Biomed Funct Mat, Jiangsu Key Lab Biofunct Mat, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Open Laboratory of Major Scientific Instrument and Equipment, Jiangsu Collaborat Innovat Ctr Biomed Funct Mat, Jiangsu Key Lab Biofunct Mat, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Kong XY, Shuang SM, Zhang YT, Wang Y, Dong C. Dicyanoisophorone-based fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift for ratiometric detection and imaging of exogenous/endogenous hypochlorite in cell and zebrafish. Talanta 2022; 242:123293. [PMID: 35189411 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel dicyanoisophorone-based red-emissive fluorescence probe (YT) with large Stokes shift (230 nm) was synthesized for rapid (<20 s) and selective detection of hypochlorite ions in nearly 100% aqueous medium. YT responded to hypochlorite ions via the ClO--promoted oxidative deprotection of thioacetal, leading to a red shift in its fluorescence maximum from 590 nm to 640 nm accompanied by naked-eye color change from orange to red. The emission response of the probe toward ClO- presented a good linear relationship in the 5-160 μM concentration range, with the LOD of 4.64 μM. Further, the probe YT was successfully employed in exogenous and LPS-induced endogenous imaging of ClO- in live cells and zebrafish, demonstrating its potential applications in biological science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Shao-Min Shuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yue-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Guo J, Fang B, Bai H, Wang L, Peng B, Qin XJ, Fu L, Yao C, Li L, Huang W. Dual/Multi-responsive fluorogenic probes for multiple analytes in mitochondria: From design to applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Liu Y, Zhan S, Su X, Nie G, Wu X, Liu Y. An optical strategy for detecting hypochlorite in vitro and cells with high selectivity and stability based on a lanthanide-doped upconversion probe. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31608-31616. [PMID: 36380959 PMCID: PMC9631869 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05414k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive use of sodium hypochlorite disinfectant for preventing COVID-19 can be harmful to the water environment and humans. More importantly, owing to hypochlorite being a biomarker of immune responses in living organisms, its abnormal production can damage nucleic acids and protein molecules, eventually causing many diseases (even cancer). Exploring a reliable, rapid, and non-invasive method to monitor the hypochlorite level in vitro and in cells can be significant. Herein, we report a novel ratiometric fluorescence sensing strategy based on Astrazon Brilliant Red 4G dye-sensitized NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+@NaYF4 core–shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs@ABR 4G). Based on the combination mechanism of the fluorescent resonant energy transfer effect (FRET) and redox, a linear model of fluorescence intensity ratio and hypochlorite concentration was constructed for a fast response and high selectivity monitoring of hypochlorite in vitro and in vivo. The detection limit was calculated to be 0.39 μM. In addition, this sensing strategy possessed good stability and circularity, making it valuable both for the quantitative detection of hypochlorite in water and for the visualization of intracellular hypochlorite. The proposed optical probe is promising for the efficient and stable non-invasive detection of hypochlorite. The excessive use of sodium hypochlorite disinfectant for preventing COVID-19 can be harmful to the water environment and humans.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensors and Advanced Sensor Materials, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Shiping Zhan
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensors and Advanced Sensor Materials, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Xin Su
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensors and Advanced Sensor Materials, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Guozheng Nie
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensors and Advanced Sensor Materials, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yunxin Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensors and Advanced Sensor Materials, Xiangtan 411201, China
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Ji W, Tang X, Du W, Lu Y, Wang N, Wu Q, Wei W, Liu J, Yu H, Ma B, Li L, Huang W. Optical/electrochemical methods for detecting mitochondrial energy metabolism. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:71-127. [PMID: 34792041 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the biological importance of mitochondrial energy metabolism and the applications of multiple optical/electrochemical approaches to determine energy metabolites. Mitochondria, the main sites of oxidative phosphorylation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biosynthesis, provide the majority of energy required by aerobic cells for maintaining their physiological activity. They also participate in cell growth, differentiation, information transmission, and apoptosis. Multiple mitochondrial diseases, caused by internal or external factors, including oxidative stress, intense fluctuations of the ionic concentration, abnormal oxidative phosphorylation, changes in electron transport chain complex enzymes and mutations in mitochondrial DNA, can occur during mitochondrial energy metabolism. Therefore, developing accurate, sensitive, and specific methods for the in vivo and in vitro detection of mitochondrial energy metabolites is of great importance. In this review, we summarise the mitochondrial structure, functions, and crucial energy metabolic signalling pathways. The mechanism and applications of different optical/electrochemical methods are thoroughly reviewed. Finally, future research directions and challenges are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Ji
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Nanxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Haidong Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China. .,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.,The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China. .,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.,The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Wang JL, Zhang L, Gao LX, Chen JL, Zhou T, Liu Y, Jiang FL. A bright, red-emitting water-soluble BODIPY fluorophore as an alternative to the commercial Mito Tracker Red for high-resolution mitochondrial imaging. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8639-8645. [PMID: 34585188 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01585k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence and rapid development of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, monitoring of mitochondrial morphological changes has aroused great interest for exploring the role of mitochondria in the process of cell metabolism. However, in the absence of water-soluble, photostable and low-toxicity fluorescent dyes, ultra-high-resolution mitochondrial imaging is still challenging. Herein, we designed two fluorescent BODIPY dyes, namely Mito-BDP 630 and Mito-BDP 760, for mitochondrial imaging. The results proved that Mito-BDP 760 underwent aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) in the aqueous matrix owing to its hydrophobicity and was inaccessible to the cells, which restricted its applications in mitochondrial imaging. In stark contrast, water-soluble Mito-BDP 630 readily penetrated cellular and mitochondrial membranes for mitochondrial imaging with high dye densities under wash-free conditions as driven by membrane potential. As a comparison, Mito Tracker Red presented high photobleaching (the fluorescence intensity dropped by nearly 50%) and high phototoxicity after irradiation by a laser for 30 min. However, Mito-BDP 630 possessed excellent biocompatibility, photostability and chemical stability. Furthermore, clear and bright mitochondria distribution in living HeLa cells after incubation with Mito-BDP 630 could be observed by CLSM. Convincingly, the morphology and cristae of mitochondria could be visualized using an ultra-high-resolution microscope. In short, Mito-BDP 630 provided a powerful and convenient tool for monitoring mitochondrial morphologies in living cells. Given the facile synthesis, photobleaching resistance and low phototoxicity of Mito-BDP 630, it is an alternative to the commercial Mito Tracker Red.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Lin Wang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Lian-Xun Gao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Ji-Lei Chen
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Te Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China. .,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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A novel aggregation induced emission probe based on coumarin scaffold for imaging hypochlorite in cells and zebrafish. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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15
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Xu C, Zhou Y, Li Z, Zhou Y, Liu X, Peng X. Rational design of AIE-based fluorescent probes for hypochlorite detection in real water samples and live cell imaging. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126243. [PMID: 34102351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As one kind of important disinfectant and reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypochlorite (ClO-), plays vital roles in both water treatment and cell homeostasis. In this work, by decorating a series of groups with different electron donating and withdrawing properties on tetraphenylethene (TPE), four aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based fluorescent probes containing C˭C double bonds as the potential reaction sites named Probe A, B, C and D were constructed, and their sensing performance for ClO- was systematically studied. The results showed that the substituents can not only effectively tune the photophysical properties of the probes, but also make a significant impact on their sensing performance for ClO-. Combined with the theoretical calculation results, it can be inferred that the reactivity of the probes for ClO- can be greatly enhanced with the increase of electron cloud density on the C˭C double bonds by the introduction of strong electron-donating group (EDG) and electron-withdrawing group (EWG) adjacent to the double bonds. Finally, the best performing Probe D was selected and then successfully applied to ClO- detection in real water samples and live cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Xu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yanmei Zhou
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Zhaoge Li
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yunhao Zhou
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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16
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Liang Z, Sun Y, Duan R, Yang R, Qu L, Zhang K, Li Z. Low Polarity-Triggered Basic Hydrolysis of Coumarin as an AND Logic Gate for Broad-Spectrum Cancer Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12434-12440. [PMID: 34473470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to accurately diagnose cancer is the cornerstone of early cancer treatment. The mitochondria in cancer cells maintain a higher pH and lower polarity relative to that in normal cells. A probe that reports signals only when both conditions are met may provide a reliable method for cancer detection with reduced false positives. Here, we construct an AND logic gate fluorescent probe using mitochondrial microenvironments as inputs. Utilizing the hydrolysis of a coumarin scaffold, the probe generates fluorescence signals ("ON") only when high pH (>7.0) and low polarity conditions exist simultaneously. Additionally, the higher mitochondrial membrane potential in cancer cells provides an additional level of selectivity because probe has increased affinity for cancer cell mitochondria. These capabilities endow the probe with a high contrast fluorescence diagnosis ability of cancer at cellular and tissue levels (as high as 51.9 fold), which is far exceeding the clinic threshold of 2.0 fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqiang Liang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuanqiang Sun
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ruihong Duan
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ran Yang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Zhaohui Li
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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17
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Jiang C, Huang H, Kang X, Yang L, Xi Z, Sun H, Pluth MD, Yi L. NBD-based synthetic probes for sensing small molecules and proteins: design, sensing mechanisms and biological applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7436-7495. [PMID: 34075930 PMCID: PMC8763210 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01096k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Compounds with a nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) skeleton exhibit prominent useful properties including environmental sensitivity, high reactivity toward amines and biothiols (including H2S) accompanied by distinct colorimetric and fluorescent changes, fluorescence-quenching ability, and small size, all of which facilitate biomolecular sensing and self-assembly. Amines are important biological nucleophiles, and the unique activity of NBD ethers with amines has allowed for site-specific protein labelling and for the detection of enzyme activities. Both H2S and biothiols are involved in a wide range of physiological processes in mammals, and misregulation of these small molecules is associated with numerous diseases including cancers. In this review, we focus on NBD-based synthetic probes as advanced chemical tools for biomolecular sensing. Specifically, we discuss the sensing mechanisms and selectivity of the probes, the design strategies for multi-reactable multi-quenching probes, and the associated biological applications of these important constructs. We also highlight self-assembled NBD-based probes and outline future directions for NBD-based chemosensors. We hope that this comprehensive review will facilitate the development of future probes for investigating and understanding different biological processes and aid the development of potential theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Haojie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xueying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhen Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. and Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Michael D Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
| | - Long Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
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18
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Wang YB, Luo HZ, Wang CY, Guo ZQ, Zhu WH. A turn-on fluorescent probe based on π-extended coumarin for imaging endogenous hydrogen peroxide in RAW 264.7 cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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19
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Li X, Long C, Cui Y, Tao F, Yu X, Lin W. Charge-Dependent Strategy Enables a Single Fluorescent Probe to Study the Interaction Relationship between Mitochondria and Lipid Droplets. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1595-1603. [PMID: 33755435 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cooperation between organelles is essential to maintain the normal operation of the cell. A lipid droplet (LD), a dynamic organelle, is specialized in lipid storage and can interact physically with mitochondria in several cell types. However, an appropriate method for in situ studying the interaction relationships of mitochondria-LDs is still lacking. Herein, a charge-dependent strategy is proposed for the first time by considering adequately the charge difference between mitochondria and LDs. According to the novel strategy, we have developed a unique fluorescent probe Mito-LD based on the cyclization and ring-opening conversion. Mito-LD could simultaneously stain mitochondria and LDs and emit a red and green fluorescence, respectively. More importantly, with the probe Mito-LD, the in situ interaction relationships of mitochondria-LDs were investigated in detail from LD accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, lower environmental temperatures, and four aspects of apoptosis. The experimental results showed that mitochondria played an important role in LD accumulation, and the numbers and size of LDs would increase after mitochondrial dysfunction that may be due to excess liposomes. In addition, as an energy storage organelle, LDs played an important role in helping to coordinate mitochondrial energy supply in response to cold. In addition, the Mito-LD revealed that the polarity of mitochondria was higher than that of LDs. In a word, the probe Mito-LD could serve as a potential tool for further exploring mitochondria-LD interaction mechanisms, and importantly, the charge-dependent strategy is valuable for designing robust new probes in imaging multiple organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Daxue Road 3501, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Chenyuan Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Daxue Road 3501, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Yuezhi Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Daxue Road 3501, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Furong Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Daxue Road 3501, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
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