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Esfandiari N, Aliofkhazraei M. Advances in the determination of trace amounts of iron cations through electrochemical methods: A comprehensive review of principles and their limits of detection. Talanta 2024; 277:126365. [PMID: 38964047 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Quantification of trace amounts of iron is of great importance in various fields. In the industrial sector, it is crucial to monitor the release of iron out of corrosion, pickling treatment, and steel manufacturing to address potential environmental and economic challenges. In biological systems, despite its indispensability, it is essential to maintain iron concentration below a specific threshold. Electrochemical (EC) methods provide significant analytical capabilities due to their simplicity, ease of use, and cost-effectiveness. This review focuses on the fundamental principles of EC methods for iron detection, including potentiometry, amperometry, coulometry, voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It further explains the process of obtaining calibration curves, and subsequently, determining the concentration of unknown ions. Additionally, technical notes are presented on selecting the initial signal value, reducing the duration of tests, excluding non-faradaic signals, and extending the linear region with the lowest detection limit. These notes are supported by key findings from relevant case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeemeh Esfandiari
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-143, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Aliofkhazraei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
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2
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Zhang T, Gong J, Han Q, Hu W, Yan F, Liu J. Nanogold amplified electrochemiluminescence/electrochemistry in bipolar silica nanochannel array for ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses. Talanta 2024; 277:126319. [PMID: 38805946 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The prompt and accurate point-of-care test (POCT) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in infected persons or virus-containing environmental samples is of great importance. The present work reports a highly integrated electrochemiluminescence/electrochemical (ECL/EC) sensor for determination of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses, in which bio-recognition element (SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody), bifunctional probe (tris (2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (Ru(bpy)32+)), and amplification material (gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)) are designed into bipolar silica nanochannel array (bp-SNA). bp-SNA consisting of homogeneous two-layer mesoporous silica films bears inner silanol groups and outer amino groups, generating a solid "electrostatic nanocage" for stable confinement of Ru(bpy)32+ and Au NPs inside the nanochannels and further providing functional sites for covalent modification of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody. Owing to the preconcentration capacity of bp-SNA and amplified effect of Au NPs, ECL or EC signals of Ru(bpy)32+ can be remarkably promoted and thereby increase the analytical performance, which can be diminished by immunorecognization of target SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses on the sensing interface. The developed integrated ECL/EC sensor based on Ru@AuNPs/bp-SNA modified solid indium tin oxide electrode enables the sensitive analysis of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses by ECL mode with a linear range of 50 TU mL-1-5000 TU mL-1, as well as the EC mode with a linear range of 100 TU mL-1-5000 TU mL-1. Moreover, the designed sensor showed satisfactory results in the analyses of saliva and pond water samples. When flexible electrode substate (polyethylene terephthalate) is employed, Ru@AuNPs/bp-SNA has great potential to integrate with KN95 face masks for direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses produced from breathing, talking and coughing processes, which could provide an efficient platform for POCT diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jiawei Gong
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qianqian Han
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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3
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Liu L, Liu Z, Xu X, Wang J, Tong Z. Solid-state nanochannels based on electro-optical dual signals for detection of analytes. Talanta 2024; 279:126615. [PMID: 39096787 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
The sensitive detection of analytes of different sizes is crucial significance for environmental protection, food safety and medical diagnostics. The confined space of nanochannels provides a location closest to the molecular reaction behaviors in real systems, thereby opening new opportunities for the precise detection of analytes. However, due to the susceptibility to external interference on the confined space of nanochannels, the high sensitivity nature of the current signals through the nanochannels is more troubling for the detection reliability. Combining highly sensitive optical signals with the sensitive current signals of solid-state nanochannels establishes a nanochannel detection platform based on electro-optical dual signals, potentially offering more sensitive, specific, and accuracy detection of analytes. This review summarizes the last five years of applications of solid-state nanochannels based on electro-optical dual signals in analytes detection. Firstly, the detection principles of solid-state nanochannels and the construction strategies of nanochannel electro-optical sensing platforms are discussed. Subsequently, the review comprehensively outlines the applications involving nanochannels with electrical signals combined with fluorescence signals, electrical signals combined with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy signals, and electrical signals combined with other optical signals in analyte detection. Additionally, the perspectives and difficulties of nanochannels are investigated on the basis of electro-optical dual signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Xinrui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Zhaoyang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China.
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4
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Zhou X, Zou Y, Ru H, Yan F, Liu J. Silica Nanochannels as Nanoreactors for the Confined Synthesis of Ag NPs to Boost Electrochemical Stripping Chemiluminescence of the Luminol-O 2 System for the Sensitive Aptasensor. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10264-10273. [PMID: 38869321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we, for the first time, synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) within the nanochannels of amino group-functionalized vertically ordered mesoporous silica films (NH2-VMSF) and investigate their coreaction accelerator role in the luminol-dissolved oxygen (O2) electrochemical stripping chemiluminescence (ESCL) system. The synthesized Ag NPs are capable of electrocatalytic reduction of O2 to superoxide radicals, and meanwhile, sliver ions (Ag+) electrochemically stripped from Ag NPs can promote the amount of luminol anion radicals, generating the boosted ECL intensity of the luminol-dissolved O2 system. This proposed Ag NPs@NH2-VMSF on the indium tin oxide electrode was applied to construct the ESCL aptasensor for quantitative determination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), yielding a low detection limit [0.19 pg/mL (S/N = 3)] and a broad linear dynamic range (1 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL). Furthermore, good analytical performance of PSA in serum with satisfactory recoveries and low relative standard deviation values is achieved by our developed ESCL aptasensor, rendering it a convenient and sensitive method for PSA determination in clinical applications and further broadening the strategy of ESCL techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yanqi Zou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hongjuan Ru
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Abbasi R, Wachsmann-Hogiu S. Optimization and miniaturization of SE-ECL for potential-resolved, multi-color, multi-analyte detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 257:116322. [PMID: 38678789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a bioanalytical technique with numerous advantages, including the potential for high temporal and spatial resolution, a high signal-to-noise ratio, a broad dynamic range, and rapid measurement capabilities. To reduce the complexity of a multi-electrode approach, we use a single-electrode electrochemiluminescence (SE-ECL) configuration to achieve the simultaneous emission and detection of multiple colors for applications that require multiplexed detection of several analytes. This method exploits intrinsic differences in the electric potential applied along single electrodes built into electrochemical cells, enabling the achievement of distinct colors through selective excitation of ECL luminophores. We present results on the optimization of SE-ECL intensity for different channel lengths and widths, with sum intensities being 5 times larger for 6 cm vs. 2 cm channels and linearly increasing with the width of the channels. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that applying Alternating Current (AC) voltage within the single electrode setup for driving the ECL reactions has a dramatic effect on the emitted light intensity, with square waveforms resulting in higher intensities vs sine waveforms. Additionally, multiplexed multicolor SE-ECL on a 6.5 mm × 3.6 mm CMOS semiconductor image sensor was demonstrated for the first time, with the ability to simultaneously distinguish four different colors, leading to the ability to measure multiple analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abbasi
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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6
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Tananaiko O, Walcarius A. Composite Silica-Based Films as Platforms for Electrochemical Sensors. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300194. [PMID: 37737456 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Sol-gel-derived silica thin films generated onto electrode surfaces in the form of organic-inorganic hybrid coatings or other composite layers have found tremendous interest for being used as platforms for the development of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. After a brief description of the strategies applied to prepare such materials, and their interest as electrode modifier, this review will summarize the major advances made so far with composite silica-based films in electroanalysis. It will primarily focus on electrochemical sensors involving both non-ordered composite films and vertically oriented mesoporous membranes, the biosensors exploiting the concept of sol-gel bioencapsulation on electrode, the spectroelectrochemical sensors, and some others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Tananaiko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64, Kyiv, Ukraine, 01601
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Jiang M, Wang M, Lai W, Song X, Li J, Liu D, Wei Z, Hong C. Construction of electrochemical and electrochemiluminescent dual-mode aptamer sensors based on ferrocene dual-functional signal probes for the sensitive detection of Alternariol. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1272:341476. [PMID: 37355320 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel dual-mode aptamer sensor was developed using Fca-DNA2 as the quenching electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and electrochemical (EC) signal response probe, and Ru-MOF/Cu@Au NPs were used as the ECL substrate platform to detect Alternariol (AOH) via a competitive reaction between AOH and Fca-DNA2. Compared with the conventional aptamer sensor with a single detection signal, this dual-mode aptamer sensor has the following advantages: (1) Electrodeposition-based rapid synthesis Ru-MOF on the electrode surface. (2) The Signal amplification substance Cu@Au NPs can synergistically catalyze Triethanolamine (TEOA) to amplify ECL behavior. (3) The aptamer sensor employs the dual-functional material Fca, which can detect both ECL and EC signals, increasing the result accuracy. Both ECL and EC methods have excellent detection performance for AOH in the detection range of 0.1 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL, with detection limits of 0.014 and 0.083 pg/mL, respectively, and are expected to be used for sensitive AOH detection in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Xuetong Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Jiajia Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Zhong Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China.
| | - Chenglin Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China.
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8
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Jiang M, Wang M, Song X, Lai W, Zhao C, Li J, Wei Z, Hong C. Dual-functional Nanomaterials Polyo-phenylenediamine and Ru-Au Complement Each Other to Construct an Electrochemical and Electrochemiluminescent Dual-Mode Aptamer Sensor for Sensitive Detection of Alternariol. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12459-12469. [PMID: 37566460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
To sensitively monitor trace amounts of alternariol (AOH) in fruits, a dual-mode aptamer sensor utilizing the dual-function nanomaterial PoPD/Ru-Au was developed. This sensor provides both electrochemical (EC) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signals, which can greatly avoid the potential false positive of the traditional single signal, thus enhancing the accuracy and reliability of detection results. Polyo-phenylenediamine (PoPD), known for its favorable EC response, can also assist in enhancing the ECL behavior of Ru-Au. Furthermore, Ru-Au demonstrates excellent ECL performance and effectively activates K2S2O8 to amplify the EC response of PoPD. The complementary effect of the two can effectively amplify the final detection signal. Additionally, the PoPD/Ru-Au nanomaterial exhibits excellent electrical conductivity, further enhancing the EC and ECL response signals. The experimental results demonstrate that the EC detection range of AOH was 0.01-100 ng/mL, while the ECL detection range was 0.001-100 ng/mL, both exhibiting a satisfactory linear relationship. Therefore, the mutual verification of the detection results can be highly realized, and the purpose of avoiding wrong detection can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Xuetong Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Chulei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Chenglin Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
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Wang J, Li S, Wei J, Jiao T, Chen Q, Oyama M, Chen Q, Chen X. Screening-Capture-Integrated Electrochemiluminescent Aptasensor Based on Mesoporous Silica Nanochannels for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12052-12060. [PMID: 37498892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
To prevent the contamination of cereals by mycotoxins, establishing a sensitive and rapid method for the detection of mycotoxins is essential. In this study, a screening-capture-integrated electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor based on mesoporous silica films (MSFs) was successfully prepared for the ultrasensitive and highly selective detection of deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat. The narrow nanochannels of MSFs can realize size screening, thereby eliminating the influence of macromolecular substances and providing a pure environment for the signal probe (tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+)) to reach the indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive substrate, which significantly improves the anti-interference ability of the screening-capture-integrated ECL sensor. The aptamer (Apt) attached to the surface of the MSFs can specifically capture DON, and the resulting DON-Apt complex has a gated effect on the MSFs, triggering the inhibition of Ru(bpy)32+ in the electrolyte from reaching the ITO surface. Therefore, the ECL intensity of the sensor decreased with increasing DON concentration to achieve a quantitative detection of DON. Under optimized conditions, the linear range of the screening-capture-integrated ECL aptasensor was 0.001-200 μg/kg, and the detection limit was as low as 5.27 × 10-5 μg/kg (S/N = 3). In conclusion, this study developed a screening-capture-integrated ECL aptasensor that combines size screening and specific capture for the detection of DON in wheat, providing a new approach for the early detection of wheat mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Wang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Silun Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jie Wei
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Tianhui Jiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qingmin Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Munetaka Oyama
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Quansheng Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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Zhang X, Du Y, Liu X, Feng R, Jia Y, Ren X, Zhang N, Liu L, Wei Q, Ju H. Enhanced anode electrochemiluminescence in split aptamer sensor for kanamycin trace monitoring. Food Chem 2023; 420:136083. [PMID: 37059023 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Covalently modifying electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophores to alter their energy levels or generate energy/electron transfer processes for improved performance is hindered by the complex design and fabrication processes. In this study, non-covalent bond self-assembly was employed to enhance the ECL property of gold nanoclusters with tryptophan (Try) and mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as ligands (Try-MPA-gold nanoclusters). Specifically, through the molecular recognition of Try by cucurbit[7]uril, some non-radiative transition channels of the charge carriers on the surface of the Try-MPA-gold nanoclusters were restricted, resulting in a significant enhancement of the ECL intensity of the nanoclusters. Furthermore, rigid macrocyclic molecules acted on the surface of the nanoclusters through self-assembly, forming a passive barrier that improved the physical stability of the nanoclusters in the water-phase and indirectly improved their luminescent stability. As an application, cucurbit[7]uril-treated Try-MPA-gold nanoclusters (cucurbit[7]uril@Try-MPA-gold nanoclusters) were used as signal probes, and Zn-doped SnO2 nanoflowers (Zn-SnO2 NFs) with high electron mobility were used as electrode modification material to establish an ECL sensor for kanamycin (KANA) detection, utilizing split aptamers as capture probes. The advanced split aptamer sensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity analysis for KANA in complex food substrates with a recovery rate of 96.2 to 106.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yu Du
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Rui Feng
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Nuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Huangxian Ju
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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11
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Wei Y, Qi H, Zhang C. Recent advances and challenges in developing electrochemiluminescence biosensors for health analysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3507-3522. [PMID: 36820650 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06930j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
This Feature Article simply introduces principles and mechanisms of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensors for the determination of biomarkers and highlights recent advances of ECL biosensors on key aspects including new ECL reagents and materials, new biological recognition elements, and emerging construction biointerfacial strategies with illustrative examples and a critical eye on pitfalls and discusses challenges and perspectives of ECL biosensors for health analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P. R. China.
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P. R. China.
| | - Chengxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P. R. China.
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Huang J, Zhang T, Zheng Y, Liu J. Dual-Mode Sensing Platform for Cancer Antigen 15-3 Determination Based on a Silica Nanochannel Array Using Electrochemiluminescence and Electrochemistry. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13030317. [PMID: 36979529 PMCID: PMC10046297 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemiluminescence-electrochemistry (ECL-EC) dual-mode sensing platform based on a vertically-ordered mesoporous silica films (VMSF) modified electrode was designed here for the sensitive and selective determination of cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), a specific biomarker of breast cancer. VMSF was assembled through a rapid electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA) method and plays a crucial role in signal amplification via a strong electrostatic interaction with the positively charged bifunctional probe Ru(bpy)32+. To construct the biorecognition interface, epoxy functional silane was linked to the surface of VMSF for further covalent immobilization of the antibody. As a benefit from the specific combination of antigen and antibody, a non-conductive immunocomplex layer was formed in the presence of CA 15-3, leading to the hinderance of the mass and electron transfer of the probes. Based on this strategy, the dual-mode determination of CA 15-3 ranging from 0.1 mU/mL to 100 mU/mL with a LOD of 9 μU/mL for ECL mode, and 10 mU/mL to 200 U/mL with a LOD of 5.4 mU/mL for EC mode, was achieved. The proposed immunosensor was successfully employed for the detection of CA 15-3 in human serum without tedious pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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13
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Nemati M, Farajzadeh MA, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Pourali A. Recent Advances in Impedimetric Biosensors Focusing on Myocardial Infarction Diagnosis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-14. [PMID: 36576219 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2156771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is the most common cardiovascular disease and 85% of cardiovascular disease-related deaths are associated with it. The variation in the cardiac troponin concentration is considered as the most significant judge index for acute myocardial infarction diagnosis. Here, a comprehensive insights is given about the impedimetric methods as powerful electrochemical biosensing platforms for cardiac troponin evaluation. Focusing on nano materials, various impedimetric techniques including faradaic and non-faradaic techniques and different transducer modification techniques are addressed. The steps taken by each of the studied platforms to solve the existing problems are discussed and their advantages and drawbacks are highlighted. A glance at the provided table is given a mind into the features of each impedimetric sensors and their comparison are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboob Nemati
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Engineering Faculty, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Pourali
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Gong J, Zhang T, Luo T, Luo X, Yan F, Tang W, Liu J. Bipolar silica nanochannel array confined electrochemiluminescence for ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibody. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 215:114563. [PMID: 35870336 PMCID: PMC9281480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive, specific, and early identification of Coronavirus Disease (2019) (COVID-19) infection is critical to control virus spread and remains a global public health problem. Herein, we present a novel solid-state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) platform targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody with rapidity and ultrahigh sensitivity, in which a bipolar silica nanochannel array (bp-SNA) is fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode for the first time to stably confine the ECL probe of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (Ru(bpy)32+) under dual electrostatic force. The bp-SNA consists of tightly packed bilayer silica nanochannel array (SNA) with asymmetric surface charges, namely an inner negatively charged SNA (n-SNA) and an outer positively charged SNA (p-SNA), serving as an "electrostatic lock" to enrich and stabilize the cationic Ru(bpy)32+ probe without leakage from the electrode surface. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody could be realized via immobilization of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on the utmost of Ru(bpy)32+-confined solid-state ECL platform (Ru@bp-SNA). Upon the capture of target SARS-CoV-2 IgG by immune recognition, the formed immunocomplex will block the nanochannel, leading to the hindered diffusion of the co-reactant (tri-n-propylamine, TPrA) and further producing a decreased ECL signal. The developed solid-stated ECL immunosensor is able to determine SARS-CoV-2 IgG with a wide linear range (5 pg mL-1 to 1 μg mL-1), a low limit-of-detection (2.9 pg mL-1), and a short incubation time (30 min). Furthermore, accurate analysis of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in real serum samples is also obtained by the sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China,Corresponding author
| | - Weizhong Tang
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, PR China,Corresponding author
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China,***Corresponding author
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15
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Wu S, Zou S, Wang S, Li Z, Ma DL, Miao X. CTnI diagnosis in myocardial infarction using G-quadruplex selective Ir(Ⅲ) complex as effective electrochemiluminescence probe. Talanta 2022; 248:123622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Emerging biosensors to detect aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products. Food Chem 2022; 398:133848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Li J, Wang C, Wang W, Zhao L, Han H. Dual-Mode Immunosensor for Electrochemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer and Electrochemical Detection of Rabies Virus Glycoprotein Based on Ru(bpy) 32+-Loaded Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7655-7664. [PMID: 35579617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is a serious zoonotic disease in almost all warm-blooded animals and causes fatal encephalitis. The detection of rabies virus (RABV) is critical and remains a significant challenge. Herein, an electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) and electrochemical (EC) dual-mode immunosensor was developed for highly sensitive detection of RABV glycoprotein. Dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) were employed to load Ru(bpy)32+ and to obtain ECL probes (Ru@DMSNs). Ru@DMSNs were decorated on the electrode surface, followed by the modification of the RABV antibody (Ab1). RABV was specifically recognized and captured by Ab1, causing the decline of the ECL signal due to the obstruction of electron transfer. Additionally, manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnOx) modified with Ab2 can further quench the ECL signal of Ru@DMSNs via the RET between Ru@DMSNs and MnOx. Meanwhile, MnOx can catalyze the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine (o-PD), generating a significant differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) signal as a second signal to monitor RABV glycoprotein concentration. Consequently, an immunosensor was developed to achieve dual-signal detection of RABV and improve reliability. Under the optimal conditions, detection ranges of 0.10 pg·mL-1 to 10 ng·mL-1 for ECL (with an 88 fg·mL-1 detection limit) and 1 pg·mL-1 to 2 ng·mL-1 for EC (with a 0.1 pg·mL-1 detection limit) were obtained for RABV detection. The reliability of this immunoassay was validated by eight brain tissue samples. The results were found to be compatible with the results of the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, indicating the potential applicability of this method for RABV diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Caiqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Heyou Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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18
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Wei X, Luo X, Xu S, Xi F, Zhao T. A Flexible Electrochemiluminescence Sensor Equipped With Vertically Ordered Mesoporous Silica Nanochannel Film for Sensitive Detection of Clindamycin. Front Chem 2022; 10:872582. [PMID: 35464210 PMCID: PMC9019221 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.872582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast, convenient, and highly sensitive detection of antibiotic is essential to avoid its overuse and the possible harm. Owing to enrichment effect and antifouling ability of ultrasmall nanochannels, the vertically ordered mesoporous silica nanochannel film (VMSF) has great potential in the development of the facile electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor for direct and sensitive analysis of antibiotics in complex samples. In this study, we demonstrated a flexible ECL sensor based on a cost-effective electrode covered with a VMSF for sensitive detection of clindamycin. Polyethylene terephthalate coated with indium tin oxide (PET-ITO) is applied as a flexible electrode to grow VMSF using the electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA) method. The negatively charged VMSF nanochannels exhibit significant enrichment toward the commonly used cationic ECL luminophores, tris(2,2-bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium (II) (Ru (bpy)32+). Using the enhanced ECL of Ru (bpy)32+ by clindamycin, the developed VMSF/PET-ITO sensor can sensitively detect clindamycin. The responses were linear in the concentration range of 10 nM–25 μM and in the concentration range of 25–70 μM. Owing to the nanoscale thickness of the VMSF and the high coupling stability with the electrode substrate, the developed flexible VMSF/PET-ITO sensor exhibits high signal stability during the continuous bending process. Considering high antifouling characteristic of the VMSF, direct analysis of clindamycin in a real biological sample, human serum, is realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Wei
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengna Xi
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fengna Xi, ; Tingting Zhao,
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Fengna Xi, ; Tingting Zhao,
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19
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Monitoring of viral myocarditis injury using an energy-confined upconversion nanoparticle and nature-inspired biochip combined CRISPR/Cas12a-powered biosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1195:339455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Wang B, Wang C, Li Y, Liu X, Wu D, Wei Q. Electrochemiluminescence biosensor for cardiac troponin I with signal amplification based on a MoS 2@Cu 2O–Ag-modified electrode and Ce:ZnO-NGQDs. Analyst 2022; 147:4768-4776. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01341j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive sandwiched electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was built for the detection of cTnI. The ECL immunosensor had a low detection limit (2.90 fg mL−1) and wide detection range (10 pg mL−1 to 100 ng mL−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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21
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Chen C, Ma JX, Wang H, Liu HQ, Ren SW, Cao JT, Liu YM. A spatially resolved ratiometric electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for myoglobin detection using Au@Ag 2S as signal amplification tags. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A spatially resolved ratiometric ECL immunosensor for myoglobin detection was developed via resonance energy transfer for signal amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials for Bioanalysis, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Jin-Xin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials for Bioanalysis, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials for Bioanalysis, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Hui-Qiao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials for Bioanalysis, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Shu-Wei Ren
- Xinyang Central Hospital, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Jun-Tao Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials for Bioanalysis, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Yan-Ming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials for Bioanalysis, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
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22
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Huang Y, Luo F, Wang J, Wang L, Qiu B, Lin C, Lin Z. Electrochemiluminescence Aptasensor for Charged Targets through the Direct Regulation of Charge Density in Microchannels. Anal Chem 2021; 93:17127-17133. [PMID: 34911291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The change of surface charge density can cause many changes in physical or chemical properties and has been applied to design many sensitive sensors. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a negatively charged target in neutral or alkaline solutions. In this work, a microchannel-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor for OTA detection based on this character had been designed. The charged target directly combined with functionalization layers of the microchannels, which caused surface charge density variation and therefore resulted in the change of ECL intensity of the (1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II)/tripropylamine system. The decrease of ECL intensity is linearly dependent on OTA concentration ranging from 0.5 to 4 ng mL-1 with a detection limit down to 0.17 ng mL-1. This strategy has the advantages of simple interface chemistry design and universality, which offers a guiding significance for the charged target assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Fang Luo
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Global Centre for Environmental Research (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Advanced Technology Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Bin Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Cuiying Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
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23
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Nasrollahpour H, Khalilzadeh B, Naseri A, Sillanpää M, Chia CH. Homogeneous Electrochemiluminescence in the Sensors Game: What Have We Learned from Past Experiments? Anal Chem 2021; 94:349-365. [PMID: 34878242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nasrollahpour
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51664-14766, Iran
| | - Balal Khalilzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664-14766, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Naseri
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51664-14766, Iran
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, 70000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, 70000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chin Hua Chia
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
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24
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Han T, Cao Y, Chen HY, Zhu JJ. Versatile porous nanomaterials for electrochemiluminescence biosensing: Recent advances and future perspective. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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25
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Du X, Su X, Zhang W, Yi S, Zhang G, Jiang S, Li H, Li S, Xia F. Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges of Troponin Analysis in the Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases. Anal Chem 2021; 94:442-463. [PMID: 34843218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xujie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wanxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Suyan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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26
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Rahman MM, Lopa NS, Lee J. Advances in electrochemical aptasensing for cardiac biomarkers. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasrin Siraj Lopa
- Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Department of Energy and Materials Engineering Dongguk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Jae‐Joon Lee
- Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Department of Energy and Materials Engineering Dongguk University Seoul South Korea
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27
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Yuan Z, Wang L, Chen J, Su W, Li A, Su G, Liu P, Zhou X. Electrochemical strategies for the detection of cTnI. Analyst 2021; 146:5474-5495. [PMID: 34515706 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00808k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the main cause of death from cardiovascular diseases. Thus, early diagnosis of AMI is essential for the treatment of irreversible damage from myocardial infarction. Traditional electrocardiograms (ECG) cannot meet the specific detection of AMI. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is the main biomarker for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, and the detection of cTnI content has become particularly important. In this review, we introduced and compared the advantages and disadvantages of various cTnI detection methods. We focused on the analysis and comparison of the main indicators and limitations of various cTnI biosensors, including the detection range, detection limit, specificity, repeatability, and stability. In particular, we pay more attention to the application and development of electrochemical biosensors in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases based on different biological components. The application of electrochemical microfluidic chips for cTnI was also briefly introduced in this review. Finally, this review also briefly discusses the unresolved challenges of electrochemical detection and the expectations for improvement in the detection of cTnI biosensing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yuan
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Li Wang
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Weiguang Su
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Anqing Li
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Guosheng Su
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Pengbo Liu
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
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28
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Ning Z, Chen M, Wu G, Zhang Y, Shen Y. Recent advances of functional nucleic acids-based electrochemiluminescent sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 191:113462. [PMID: 34198172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electroluminescence (ECL) has been used in extensive applications ranging from bioanalysis to clinical diagnosis owing to its simple device requirement, low background, high sensitivity, and wide dynamic range. Nucleic acid is a significant theme in ECL bioanalysis. The inherent versatile selective molecular recognition of nucleic acids and their programmable self-assembly make it desirable for the robust construction of nanostructures. Benefiting from their unique structures and physiochemical properties, ECL biosensing based on nucleic acids has experienced rapid growth. This review focuses on recent applications of nucleic acids in ECL sensing systems, particularly concerning the employment of nucleic acids as molecular recognition elements, signal amplification units, and sensing interface schemes. In the end, an outlook of nucleic acid-based ECL biosensing will be provided for future developments and directions. We envision that nucleic acids, which act as an essential component for both bioanalysis and clinical diagnosis, will provide a new thinking model and driving force for developing next-generation sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Ning
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mengyuan Chen
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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29
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Sitkov N, Zimina T, Kolobov A, Karasev V, Romanov A, Luchinin V, Kaplun D. Toward Development of a Label-Free Detection Technique for Microfluidic Fluorometric Peptide-Based Biosensor Systems. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:691. [PMID: 34199321 PMCID: PMC8232019 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The problems of chronic or noncommunicable diseases (NCD) that now kill around 40 million people each year require multiparametric combinatorial diagnostics for the selection of effective treatment tactics. This could be implemented using the biosensor principle based on peptide aptamers for spatial recognition of corresponding protein markers of diseases in biological fluids. In this paper, a low-cost label-free principle of biomarker detection using a biosensor system based on fluorometric registration of the target proteins bound to peptide aptamers was investigated. The main detection principle considered includes the re-emission of the natural fluorescence of selectively bound protein markers into a longer-wavelength radiation easily detectable by common charge-coupled devices (CCD) using a specific luminophore. Implementation of this type of detection system demands the reduction of all types of stray light and background fluorescence of construction materials and aptamers. The latter was achieved by careful selection of materials and design of peptide aptamers with substituted aromatic amino acid residues and considering troponin T, troponin I, and bovine serum albumin as an example. The peptide aptamers for troponin T were designed in silico using the «Protein 3D» (SPB ETU, St. Petersburg, Russia) software. The luminophore was selected from the line of ZnS-based solid-state compounds. The test microfluidic system was arranged as a flow through a massive of four working chambers for immobilization of peptide aptamers, coupled with the optical detection system, based on thick film technology. The planar optical setup of the biosensor registration system was arranged as an excitation-emission cascade including 280 nm ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED), polypropylene (PP) UV transparent film, proteins layer, glass filter, luminophore layer, and CCD sensor. A laboratory sample has been created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sitkov
- Department of Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (T.Z.); (V.K.); (A.R.); (V.L.)
| | - Tatiana Zimina
- Department of Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (T.Z.); (V.K.); (A.R.); (V.L.)
| | - Alexander Kolobov
- Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Karasev
- Department of Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (T.Z.); (V.K.); (A.R.); (V.L.)
| | - Alexander Romanov
- Department of Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (T.Z.); (V.K.); (A.R.); (V.L.)
| | - Viktor Luchinin
- Department of Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (T.Z.); (V.K.); (A.R.); (V.L.)
| | - Dmitry Kaplun
- Department of Automation and Control Processes, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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30
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Duan S, Peng J, Cheng H, Li W, Jia R, Liu J, He X, Wang K. A label-free and homogenous electrochemical assay for matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity monitoring in complex samples based on electrodes modified with orderly distributed mesoporous silica films. Talanta 2021; 231:122418. [PMID: 33965055 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a label-free and homogeneous electrochemical strategy for monitoring of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) activity was proposed based on electrodes modified with orderly distributed mesoporous silica films (MSFs). In the absence of target MMP-2, an artificially substrate peptide with positive charge was absorbed on the surface of MSFs by electrostatic interaction, which could prevent electrochemical molecules [Ru(NH3)6]Cl3 from approaching the electrode surface. When the substrate peptide was hydrolyzed by target MMP-2, [Ru(NH3)6]Cl3 could arrive to the electrode surface and lead to the increase of electrochemical signal. This assay showed considerable sensitivity to target MMP-2, which could measure it down to 0.98 ng. mL-1. Meanwhile, a satisfied response to the inhibitor of MMP-2 was also achieved (IC-50 value = 1.68 μM). Significantly, it displayed satisfactory performances in the complicated biological samples including cell lysates and human serum. Taking advantages of the anti-fouling ability in biological complex samples of MSFs and the high efficiency of homogeneous sensing, this assay realized the electrochemical detection of MMP-2 with accuracy and sensitivity, which exhibited significant potential in clinical biomedicine and biological analysis of cancer-related protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangdi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecule Engineering of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jiaxin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecule Engineering of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecule Engineering of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecule Engineering of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ruichen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecule Engineering of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jinquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecule Engineering of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecule Engineering of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecule Engineering of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410082, China.
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31
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Ma F, Ge G, Fang Y, Ni E, Su Y, Cai F, Xie H. Prussian blue-doped PAMAM dendrimer nanospheres for electrochemical immunoassay of human plasma cardiac troponin I without enzymatic amplification. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01506k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate identification of cardiac troponin I (cTnl) in biological fluids is very essential for judging acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Ma
- Clinical Laboratory Department
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University
- Xiamen City
- China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease
| | - Gaoshun Ge
- Clinical Laboratory Department
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University
- Xiamen City
- China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease
| | - Yizhen Fang
- Clinical Laboratory Department
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University
- Xiamen City
- China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease
| | - Erru Ni
- Clinical Laboratory Department
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University
- Xiamen City
- China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Clinical Laboratory Department
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University
- Xiamen City
- China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease
| | - Fan Cai
- College of Life Sciences
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350117
- China
| | - Huabin Xie
- Clinical Laboratory Department
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University
- Xiamen City
- China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease
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