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Prentice BM. Imaging with mass spectrometry: Which ionization technique is best? JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2024; 59:e5016. [PMID: 38625003 DOI: 10.1002/jms.5016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The use of mass spectrometry (MS) to acquire molecular images of biological tissues and other substrates has developed into an indispensable analytical tool over the past 25 years. Imaging mass spectrometry technologies are widely used today to study the in situ spatial distributions for a variety of analytes. Early MS images were acquired using secondary ion mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. Researchers have also designed and developed other ionization techniques in recent years to probe surfaces and generate MS images, including desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), nanoDESI, laser ablation electrospray ionization, and infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization. Investigators now have a plethora of ionization techniques to select from when performing imaging mass spectrometry experiments. This brief perspective will highlight the utility and relative figures of merit of these techniques within the context of their use in imaging mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boone M Prentice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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2
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Guo X, Cao W, Fan X, Chen Q, Wu L, Ma X, Ouyang Z, Zhang W. MS 3 Imaging Enables the Simultaneous Analysis of Phospholipid C═C and sn-Position Isomers in Tissues. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4259-4265. [PMID: 38418962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) imaging of lipids in tissues with high structure specificity is challenging in the effective fragmentation of position-selective structures and the sensitive detection of multiple lipid isomers. Herein, we develop an MS3 imaging method for the simultaneous analysis of phospholipid C═C and sn-position isomers by on-tissue photochemical derivatization, nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI), and a dual-linear ion trap MS system. A novel laser-based sensing probe is developed for the real-time adjustment of the probe-to-surface distance for nano-DESI. This method is validated in mouse brain and kidney sections, showing its capability of sensitive resolving and imaging of the fatty acyl chain composition, the sn-position, and the C═C location of phospholipids in an MS3 scan. MS3 imaging of phospholipids has shown the capability of differentiation of cancerous, fibrosis, and adjacent normal regions in liver cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Guo
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenbo Cao
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaomin Fan
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of TCM Clinical Pharmacy, Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518101, China
| | - Lun Wu
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442008, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Yan T, Liang Z, Prentice BM. Imaging and Structural Characterization of Phosphatidylcholine Isomers from Rat Brain Tissue Using Sequential Collision-Induced Dissociation/Electron-Induced Dissociation. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15707-15715. [PMID: 37818979 PMCID: PMC10639000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The chemical complexity of biological tissues creates challenges in the analysis of lipids via imaging mass spectrometry. The presence of isobaric and isomeric compounds introduces chemical noise that makes it difficult to unambiguously identify and accurately map the spatial distributions of these compounds. Electron-induced dissociation (EID) has previously been shown to profile phosphatidylcholine (PCs) sn-isomers directly from rat brain tissue in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry. However, the acquisition of true pixel-by-pixel images, as opposed to regional profiling measurements, using EID is difficult due to low fragmentation efficiency and precursor ion signal dilution into multiple fragment ion channels, resulting in low sensitivity. In this work, we have developed a sequential collision-induced dissociation (CID)/EID method to visualize the distribution of sn-isomers in MALDI imaging mass spectrometry experiments. Briefly, CID is performed on sodium-adducted PCs, which results in facile loss of the phosphocholine headgroup. This ion is then subjected to an EID analysis. Since the lipid headgroup is removed prior to EID, a major fragmentation pathway common to EID ion activation is eliminated, resulting in a more sensitive analysis. This sequential CID/EID workflow generates sn-specific fragment ions allowing for the assignment of the sn-positions. Carbon-carbon double-bond (C═C) positions are also localized along the fatty acyl tails by the presence of a 2 Da shift pattern in the fragment ions arising from carbon-carbon bond cleavages. Moreover, the integration of the CID/EID method into MALDI imaging mass spectrometry enables the mapping of the absolute and relative distribution of sn-isomers at every pixel. The localized relative abundances of sn-isomers vary throughout brain substructures and likely reflect different biological functions and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Zhongling Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Boone M. Prentice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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4
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Zhang J, Zang Q, Xu W, Tang F. Rapid imaging of unsaturated lipids at isomer level using photoepoxidation. Talanta 2023; 261:124643. [PMID: 37196400 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Unsaturated lipids play an essential role in living organisms, and their different isomers show significant functional differences. Therefore, in situ characterization of unsaturated lipids in tissues needs to be extended to isomer level. However, the exposure of tissue sections to an open environment for a long time may cause cell autolysis or corruption, and current unsaturated lipid imaging methods still face challenges in efficiency. This paper proposes an imaging method based on photoepoxidation coupled with air-flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (AFADESI-MS) to rapidly realize the spatial characterization of unsaturated lipids at the isomer level. The technique has a fast response speed, high epoxide yield (>80%), and high diagnostic ion abundance. After 0.5 min of photoepoxidation, the derivation product yield ratio reached 24.6%. This method rapidly identified six glycerophospholipid isomers containing an 18:1 acyl chain in normal rat liver tissue. Then the imaging method was applied in nude mice lung cancer tissue and human thyroid cancer tissue, with only 3 min photoepoxidation. Results successfully characterized the location and range of unsaturated lipid isomers and revealed their enrichment in tumor tissue. In addition, the experiment shows that the variational trend of the ratio of unsaturated lipid isomers in different types of tumor samples is different. Based on the advantages of efficiency and convenience, this method is prospective for screening unsaturated lipid markers and pathological research of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Yard, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qingce Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, A2 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Yard, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Zhongguancun Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Jiang T, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Xu W. Rapidly identifying and quantifying of unsaturated lipids with carbon-carbon double bond isomers by photoepoxidation. Talanta 2023; 260:124575. [PMID: 37141821 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Unsaturated lipids play an essential role in life activities. Identifying and quantifying their carbon-carbon double bond (CC) isomers have become a hot topic in recent years. In lipidomics, the analysis of unsaturated lipids in complex biological samples usually requires high-throughput methods, which puts forward the requirements of rapid response and simple operation for identification. In this paper, we proposed a photoepoxidation strategy, which uses benzoin to open the double bonds of unsaturated lipids to form epoxides under ultraviolet light and aerobic conditions. Photoepoxidation is controlled by light and has a fast response. After 5 min, the derivatization yield can reach 80% with no side reaction products. Besides, the method has the advantages of high quantitation accuracy and a high yield of diagnostic ions. It was successfully applied to rapidly identify the double bond locations of various unsaturated lipids in both positive and negative ion modes, and to rapidly identify and quantitatively analyze the various isomers of unsaturated lipids in mouse tissue extract. So the method has the potential for large-scale analysis of unsaturated lipids in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Yard, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zesen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Zhongguancun Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Yard, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Zhongguancun Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Yard, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Yard, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Jiao B, Zhou W, Liu Y, Zhang W, Ouyang Z. In-situ sampling of lipids in tissues using a porous membrane microprobe for direct mass spectrometry analysis. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100424. [PMID: 36157050 PMCID: PMC9490171 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Direct sampling of lipids from tissues for direct mass spectrometry (MS) analysis allows a quick profiling of lipidome, which is important for biomedical applications. In this work, we developed a polyporous polymeric membrane (PPM) microprobe for highly efficient sampling of lipids directly from tissue samples. The PPM was prepared by polypropylene with pores as large of 10 μm, facilitating the permeation of lipids from tissue surfaces. The PPM was coated onto a stainless steel wire with a thickness of ∼100 μm. The entire analysis procedure includes sampling of the lipids in tissue, washing the probe, and extraction spray ionization for MS analysis. The effectiveness was validated by analyzing mouse brain tissue samples. It showed high recoveries for a series of lipid classes in comparison with total lipid extraction method. Further demonstration was carried out with analysis of tissue samples from mouse liver, stomach, kidney and legs. With high physical strength and good chemical stability, the microprobe was also demonstrated for sampling lipids inside mouse kidney tissue samples. By incorporating a photochemical derivatization, a workflow was also developed for fast detection of lipid C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>C isomers in tissue samples. Finally, a microprobe array was also developed for simultaneous sampling of lipids from multiple sites on tissue surfaces.
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Hou JJ, Zhang ZJ, Wu WY, He QQ, Zhang TQ, Liu YW, Wang ZJ, Gao L, Long HL, Lei M, Wu WY, Guo DA. Mass spectrometry imaging: new eyes on natural products for drug research and development. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:3096-3111. [PMID: 36229602 PMCID: PMC9712638 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) and their structural analogs represent a major source of novel drug development for disease prevention and treatment. The development of new drugs from NPs includes two crucial aspects. One is the discovery of NPs from medicinal plants/microorganisms, and the other is the evaluation of the NPs in vivo at various physiological and pathological states. The heterogeneous spatial distribution of NPs in medicinal plants/microorganisms or in vivo can provide valuable information for drug development. However, few molecular imaging technologies can detect thousands of compounds simultaneously on a label-free basis. Over the last two decades, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) methods have progressively improved and diversified, thereby allowing for the development of various applications of NPs in plants/microorganisms and in vivo NP research. Because MSI allows for the spatial mapping of the production and distribution of numerous molecules in situ without labeling, it provides a visualization tool for NP research. Therefore, we have focused this mini-review on summarizing the applications of MSI technology in discovering NPs from medicinal plants and evaluating NPs in preclinical studies from the perspective of new drug research and development (R&D). Additionally, we briefly reviewed the factors that should be carefully considered to obtain the desired MSI results. Finally, the future development of MSI in new drug R&D is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jun Hou
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zi-Jia Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wen-Yong Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qing-Qing He
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Teng-Qian Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ya-Wen Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua-Li Long
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Lei
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wan-Ying Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - De-An Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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8
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Koktavá M, Valášek J, Bezdeková D, Prysiazhnyi V, Adamová B, Beneš P, Navrátilová J, Hendrych M, Vlček P, Preisler J, Bednařík A. Metal Oxide Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Fatty Acids and Their Double Bond Positional Isomers. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8928-8936. [PMID: 35713244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel combination of a metal oxide laser ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MOLI MSI) technique with off-line lipid derivatization by ozone for the detection of fatty acids (FA) and their carbon-carbon double bond (C═C) positional isomers in biological tissues. MOLI MSI experiments were realized with CeO2 and TiO2 nanopowders using a vacuum matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI TOF) mass spectrometer in the negative mode. The catalytic properties of these metal oxides allow FA cleavage from phospholipids under UV laser irradiation. At the same time, fragile ozonides produced at the sites of unsaturation decomposed, yielding four diagnostic ions specific for the C═C positions. Advantageously, two MOLI MSI runs from a single tissue sprayed with the metal oxide suspension were performed. The first run prior to ozone derivatization revealed the distribution of FAs, while the second run after the reaction with ozone offered additional information about FA C═C isomers. The developed procedure was demonstrated on MSI of a normal mouse brain and human colorectal cancer tissues uncovering the differential distribution of FAs down to the isomer level. Compared to the histological analysis, MOLI MSI showed the distinct distribution of specific FAs in different functional parts of the brain and in healthy and cancer tissues pointing toward its biological relevance. The developed technique can be directly adopted by laboratories with MALDI TOF analyzers and help in the understanding of the local FA metabolism in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Koktavá
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Valášek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Bezdeková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vadym Prysiazhnyi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Adamová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Beneš
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Navrátilová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hendrych
- First Department of Pathology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vlček
- First Department of Surgery, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Preisler
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Bednařík
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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9
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Challen B, Cramer R. Advances in ionisation techniques for mass spectrometry-based omics research. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100394. [PMID: 35709387 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Omics analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) is a vast field, with proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics dominating recent research by exploiting biological MS ionisation techniques. Traditional MS ionisation techniques such as electrospray ionisation have limitations in analyte-specific sensitivity, modes of sampling and throughput, leading to many researchers investigating new ionisation methods for omics research. In this review, we examine the current landscape of these new ionisation techniques, divided into the three groups of (electro)spray-based, laser-based and other miscellaneous ionisation techniques. Due to the wide range of new developments, this review can only provide a starting point for further reading on each ionisation technique, as each have unique benefits, often for specialised applications, which promise beneficial results for different areas in the omics world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Challen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Rainer Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
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Rankin‐Turner S, Reynolds JC, Turner MA, Heaney LM. Applications of ambient ionization mass spectrometry in 2021: An annual review. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 3:67-89. [PMID: 38715637 PMCID: PMC10989594 DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) has revolutionized the field of analytical chemistry, enabling the rapid, direct analysis of samples in their native state. Since the inception of AIMS almost 20 years ago, the analytical community has driven the further development of this suite of techniques, motivated by the plentiful advantages offered in addition to traditional mass spectrometry. Workflows can be simplified through the elimination of sample preparation, analysis times can be significantly reduced and analysis remote from the traditional laboratory space has become a real possibility. As such, the interest in AIMS has rapidly spread through analytical communities worldwide, and AIMS techniques are increasingly being integrated with standard laboratory operations. This annual review covers applications of AIMS techniques throughout 2021, with a specific focus on AIMS applications in a number of key fields of research including disease diagnostics, forensics and security, food safety testing and environmental sciences. While some new techniques are introduced, the focus in AIMS research is increasingly shifting from the development of novel techniques toward efforts to improve existing AIMS techniques, particularly in terms of reproducibility, quantification and ease-of-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rankin‐Turner
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - James C. Reynolds
- Department of ChemistryLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK
| | - Matthew A. Turner
- Department of ChemistryLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK
| | - Liam M. Heaney
- School of SportExercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK
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11
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Mass Spectrometry Imaging Techniques Enabling Visualization of Lipid Isomers in Biological Tissues. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4889-4900. [PMID: 35303408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This Feature focuses on a review of recent developments in mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of lipid isomers in biological tissues. The tandem MS techniques utilizing online and offline chemical derivatization procedures, ion activation techniques such as ozone-induced dissociation (OzID), ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD), or electron-induced dissociation (EID), and other techniques such as coupling of ion mobility with MSI are discussed. The importance of resolving lipid isomers in diseases is highlighted.
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12
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Recent Advances of Ambient Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Its Applications in Lipid and Metabolite Analysis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110780. [PMID: 34822438 PMCID: PMC8625079 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient mass spectrometry imaging (AMSI) has attracted much attention in recent years. As a kind of unlabeled molecular imaging technique, AMSI can enable in situ visualization of a large number of compounds in biological tissue sections in ambient conditions. In this review, the developments of various AMSI techniques are discussed according to one-step and two-step ionization strategies. In addition, recent applications of AMSI for lipid and metabolite analysis (from 2016 to 2021) in disease diagnosis, animal model research, plant science, drug metabolism and toxicology research, etc., are summarized. Finally, further perspectives of AMSI in spatial resolution, sensitivity, quantitative ability, convenience and software development are proposed.
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Heiles S. Advanced tandem mass spectrometry in metabolomics and lipidomics-methods and applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5927-5948. [PMID: 34142202 PMCID: PMC8440309 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics and lipidomics are new drivers of the omics era as molecular signatures and selected analytes allow phenotypic characterization and serve as biomarkers, respectively. The growing capabilities of untargeted and targeted workflows, which primarily rely on mass spectrometric platforms, enable extensive charting or identification of bioactive metabolites and lipids. Structural annotation of these compounds is key in order to link specific molecular entities to defined biochemical functions or phenotypes. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS), first and foremost collision-induced dissociation (CID), is the method of choice to unveil structural details of metabolites and lipids. But CID fragment ions are often not sufficient to fully characterize analytes. Therefore, recent years have seen a surge in alternative tandem MS methodologies that aim to offer full structural characterization of metabolites and lipids. In this article, principles, capabilities, drawbacks, and first applications of these "advanced tandem mass spectrometry" strategies will be critically reviewed. This includes tandem MS methods that are based on electrons, photons, and ion/molecule, as well as ion/ion reactions, combining tandem MS with concepts from optical spectroscopy and making use of derivatization strategies. In the final sections of this review, the first applications of these methodologies in combination with liquid chromatography or mass spectrometry imaging are highlighted and future perspectives for research in metabolomics and lipidomics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Heiles
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Bonney JR, Prentice BM. Perspective on Emerging Mass Spectrometry Technologies for Comprehensive Lipid Structural Elucidation. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6311-6322. [PMID: 33856206 PMCID: PMC8177724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipids and metabolites are of interest in many clinical and research settings because it is the metabolome that is increasingly recognized as a more dynamic and sensitive molecular measure of phenotype. The enormous diversity of lipid structures and the importance of biological structure-function relationships in a wide variety of applications makes accurate identification a challenging yet crucial area of research in the lipid community. Indeed, subtle differences in the chemical structures of lipids can have important implications in cellular metabolism and many disease pathologies. The speed, sensitivity, and molecular specificity afforded by modern mass spectrometry has led to its widespread adoption in the field of lipidomics on many different instrument platforms and experimental workflows. However, unambiguous and complete structural identification of lipids by mass spectrometry remains challenging. Increasingly sophisticated tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) approaches are now being developed and seamlessly integrated into lipidomics workflows to meet this challenge. These approaches generally either (i) alter the type of ion that is interrogated or (ii) alter the dissociation method in order to improve the structural information obtained from the MS/MS experiment. In this Perspective, we highlight recent advances in both ion type alteration and ion dissociation methods for lipid identification by mass spectrometry. This discussion is aimed to engage investigators involved in fundamental ion chemistry and technology developments as well as practitioners of lipidomics and its many applications. The rapid rate of technology development in recent years has accelerated and strengthened the ties between these two research communities. We identify the common characteristics and practical figures of merit of these emerging approaches and discuss ways these may catalyze future directions of lipid structural elucidation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Bonney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Boone M Prentice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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