1
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Gass DT, Quintero AV, Hatvany JB, Gallagher ES. Metal adduction in mass spectrometric analyses of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:615-659. [PMID: 36005212 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycans, carbohydrates, and glycoconjugates are involved in many crucial biological processes, such as disease development, immune responses, and cell-cell recognition. Glycans and carbohydrates are known for the large number of isomeric features associated with their structures, making analysis challenging compared with other biomolecules. Mass spectrometry has become the primary method of structural characterization for carbohydrates, glycans, and glycoconjugates. Metal adduction is especially important for the mass spectrometric analysis of carbohydrates and glycans. Metal-ion adduction to carbohydrates and glycoconjugates affects ion formation and the three-dimensional, gas-phase structures. Herein, we discuss how metal-ion adduction impacts ionization, ion mobility, ion activation and dissociation, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange for carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. We also compare the use of different metals for these various techniques and highlight the value in using metals as charge carriers for these analyses. Finally, we provide recommendations for selecting a metal for analysis of carbohydrate adducts and describe areas for continued research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren T Gass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Ana V Quintero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob B Hatvany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Elyssia S Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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2
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Bechtella L, Chunsheng J, Fentker K, Ertürk GR, Safferthal M, Polewski Ł, Götze M, Graeber SY, Vos GM, Struwe WB, Mall MA, Mertins P, Karlsson NG, Pagel K. Ion mobility-tandem mass spectrometry of mucin-type O-glycans. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2611. [PMID: 38521783 PMCID: PMC10960840 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The dense O-glycosylation of mucins plays an important role in the defensive properties of the mucus hydrogel. Aberrant glycosylation is often correlated with inflammation and pathology such as COPD, cancer, and Crohn's disease. The inherent complexity of glycans and the diversity in the O-core structure constitute fundamental challenges for the analysis of mucin-type O-glycans. Due to coexistence of multiple isomers, multidimensional workflows such as LC-MS are required. To separate the highly polar carbohydrates, porous graphitized carbon is often used as a stationary phase. However, LC-MS workflows are time-consuming and lack reproducibility. Here we present a rapid alternative for separating and identifying O-glycans released from mucins based on trapped ion mobility mass spectrometry. Compared to established LC-MS, the acquisition time is reduced from an hour to two minutes. To test the validity, the developed workflow was applied to sputum samples from cystic fibrosis patients to map O-glycosylation features associated with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Bechtella
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 23A, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4‑6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jin Chunsheng
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Fentker
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 23A, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Güney R Ertürk
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 23A, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Safferthal
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 23A, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4‑6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Łukasz Polewski
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 23A, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4‑6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Götze
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 23A, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4‑6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Y Graeber
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gaël M Vos
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 23A, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4‑6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Weston B Struwe
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 23A, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4‑6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Zercher BP, Gozzo TA, Wageman A, Bush MF. Enhancing the Depth of Analyses with Next-Generation Ion Mobility Experiments. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:27-48. [PMID: 37000959 PMCID: PMC10545071 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091522-031329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in ion mobility (IM) technology have expanded the capability to separate and characterize gas-phase ions of biomolecules, especially when paired with mass spectrometry. This next generation of IM technology has been ushered in by creative innovation focused on both instrument architectures and how electric fields are applied. In this review, we focus on the application of high-resolution and multidimensional IM to biomolecular analyses, encompassing the fields of glycomics, lipidomics, peptidomics, and proteomics. We highlight selected research that demonstrates the application of the new IM toolkit to challenging biomolecular systems. Through our review of recently published literature, we outline the current strengths of respective technologies and perspectives for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Zercher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Theresa A Gozzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - AnneClaire Wageman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Matthew F Bush
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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4
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Ollivier S, Legentil L, Yeni O, David LP, Ferrières V, Compagnon I, Rogniaux H, Ropartz D. Gas-Phase Behavior of Galactofuranosides upon Collisional Fragmentation: A Multistage High-Resolution Ion Mobility Study. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:627-639. [PMID: 36971653 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are ubiquitous in nature but are among the least conserved biomolecules in life. These biopolymers pose a particular challenge to analytical chemists because of their high diversity and structural heterogeneity. In addition, they contain many isomerisms that complicate their structural characterization, notably by mass spectrometry. The tautomerism of the constitutive subunits is of particular interest. A given cyclized monosaccharide unit can take two forms: a most common 6-membered ring (pyranose, p) and a more flexible 5-membered ring (furanose, f). The tautomers impact the biological properties of polysaccharides, resulting in interesting properties of the derived oligosaccharides. From an analytical point of view, the impact of tautomerism on the gas-phase behavior of ions has scarcely been described in the literature. In this work, we study the behavior of Galf-containing oligosaccharides, ionized as [M+Li]+ species, under collisional dissociation (CID) conditions using high-resolution and multistage ion mobility (IMS) on a Cyclic IMS platform. In the first part of this work, we studied whether disaccharidic fragments released from Galf-containing (Gal)1(Man)2 trisaccharides (and their Galp counterpart) would match the corresponding disaccharide standards, and─despite the fragments generally being a good match─we showed the possibility of Galf migrations and other unidentified alterations in the IMS profile. Next, we expanded on these unknown features using multistage IMS and molecular dynamics, unveiling the contributions of additional gas-phase conformers in the profile of fragments from a Galf-containing trisaccharide compared with the corresponding disaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ollivier
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France
- INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Legentil
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Oznur Yeni
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Louis-Philippe David
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Ferrières
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Compagnon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France
- INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - David Ropartz
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France
- INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
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5
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Cooper-Shepherd DA, Olivos HJ, Wu Z, Palmer ME. Exploiting Self-Association to Evaluate Enantiomeric Composition by Cyclic Ion Mobility–Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8441-8448. [PMID: 35657797 PMCID: PMC9201813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The characterization
of enantiomers is an important analytical
challenge in the chemical and life sciences. Thorough evaluation of
the purity of chiral molecules is particularly required in the pharmaceutical
industry where safety concerns are paramount. Assessment of the enantiomeric
composition is still challenging and time-consuming, meaning that
alternative approaches are required. In this study, we exploit the
formation of dimers as diastereomeric pairs of enantiomers to affect
separation by high resolution cyclic ion mobility–mass spectrometry.
Using the example of (R/S)-thalidomide,
we show that even though this is not an enantiomer separation, we
can determine which enantiomer is in excess and obtain quantitative
information on the enantiomer composition without the need for a chiral
modifier. Further examples of the approach are presented, including d/l-tryptophan and (R/S)-propanolol, and demonstrate the need for mobility resolving power
in excess of 400 (CCS/ΔCCS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hernando J. Olivos
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | - Zhaoxiang Wu
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | - Martin E. Palmer
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom
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6
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Molecular networking and collision cross section prediction for structural isomer and unknown compound identification in plant metabolomics: a case study applied to Zhanthoxylum heitzii extracts. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4103-4118. [PMID: 35419692 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based plant metabolomics allow large-scale analysis of a wide range of compounds and the discovery of potential new active metabolites with minimal sample preparation. Despite recent tools for molecular networking, many metabolites remain unknown. Our objective is to show the complementarity of collision cross section (CCS) measurements and calculations for metabolite annotation in a real case study. Thus, a systematic and high-throughput investigation of root, bark, branch, and leaf of the Gabonese plant Zhanthoxylum heitzii was performed through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS). A feature-based molecular network (FBMN) was employed to study the distribution of metabolites in the organs of the plants and discover potential new components. In total, 143 metabolites belonging to the family of alkaloids, lignans, polyphenols, fatty acids, and amino acids were detected and a semi-quantitative analysis in the different organs was performed. A large proportion of medical plant phytochemicals is often characterized by isomerism and, in the absence of reference compounds, an additional dimension of gas phase separation can result in improvements to both quantitation and compound annotation. The inclusion of ion mobility in the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry workflow (UHPLC-IMS-MS) has been used to collect experimental CCS values in nitrogen and helium (CCSN2 and CCSHe) of Zhanthoxylum heitzii features. Due to a lack of reference data, the investigation of predicted collision cross section has enabled comparison with the experimental values, helping in dereplication and isomer identification. Moreover, in combination with mass spectra interpretation, the comparison of experimental and theoretical CCS values allowed annotation of unknown features. The study represents a practical example of the potential of modern mass spectrometry strategies in the identification of medicinal plant phytochemical components.
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7
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Tang W, Liu D, Nie SP. Food glycomics in food science: recent advances and future perspectives. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Carnevale Neto F, Clark TN, Lopes NP, Linington RG. Evaluation of Ion Mobility Spectrometry for Improving Constitutional Assignment in Natural Product Mixtures. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:519-529. [PMID: 35235328 PMCID: PMC11095131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The comprehensive chemical characterization of biological samples remains a central challenge in the field of natural products. Conventional workflows using liquid chromatography (LC)-coupled high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS2) allow the detection of relevant small molecules while providing diagnostic fragment ions for their structural assignment. Still, many natural product extracts are of a molecular complexity that challenges the resolving power of modern LC-MS2 pipelines. In this study, we examined the effect of integrating ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) to our LC-MS2 platform for the characterization of natural product mixtures. IMS provides an additional axis of separation in the gas phase as well as experimental collision cross-sectional (CCS) values. We analyzed a mixture of 20 commercial standards at 2 concentration ranges, either solubilized in solvent or spiked into an actinobacterial extract. Data were acquired in positive ion mode using both data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and data-independent acquisition (DIA) MS2 fragmentation approaches and assessed for both chemical coverage and spectral quality. IMS-DIA identified the largest number of standards in the spiked extract at the lower concentration of standards (17), followed by IMS-DDA (10), DDA (8), and DIA (6). In addition, we examined how these data sets performed in the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform. Overall, integrating IMS increased both metabolite detection and the quality of MS2 spectra, particularly for samples analyzed in DIA mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Carnevale Neto
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center (NW-MRC), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Trevor N Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Norberto P Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger G Linington
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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9
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Ropartz D, Fanuel M, Ollivier S, Lissarrague A, Benkoulouche M, Mulard LA, André I, Guieysse D, Rogniaux H. Combination of High-Resolution Multistage Ion Mobility and Tandem MS with High Energy of Activation to Resolve the Structure of Complex Chemoenzymatically Synthesized Glycans. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2279-2287. [PMID: 35049286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, in particular microbial glycans, are highly structurally diverse biomolecules, the recognition of which governs numerous biological processes. Of special interest, glycans of known monosaccharide composition feature multiple possible isomers, differentiated by the anomerism and position of their glycosidic linkages. Robust analytical tools able to circumvent this extreme structural complexity are increasing in demand to ensure not only the correct determination of naturally occurring glycans but also to support the rapid development of enzymatic and chemoenzymatic glycan synthesis. In support to the later, we report the use of complementary strategies based on mass spectrometry (MS) to evaluate the ability of 14 engineered mutants of sucrose-utilizing α-transglucosylases to produce type/group-specific Shigella flexneri pentasaccharide bricks from a single lightly protected non-natural tetrasaccharide acceptor substrate. A first analysis of the reaction media by UHPLC coupled to high-accuracy MS led to detect six reaction products of enzymatic glucosylation out of the eight possible ones. A seventh structure was evidenced by an additional step of ion mobility at a resolving power (Rp) of approximately 100. Finally, a Rp of about 250 in ion mobility made it possible to detect the eighth and last of the expected structures. Complementary to these measurements, tandem MS with high activation energy charge transfer dissociation (CTD) allowed us to unambiguously characterize seven regioisomers out of the eight possible products of enzymatic glucosylation. This work illustrates the potential of the recently described powerful IMS and CTD-MS methods for the precise structural characterization of complex glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ropartz
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France.,INRAE, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Mathieu Fanuel
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France.,INRAE, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Simon Ollivier
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France.,INRAE, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Adrien Lissarrague
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France.,INRAE, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Mounir Benkoulouche
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Laurence A Mulard
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3523, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - David Guieysse
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France.,INRAE, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
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