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Rusbjerg-Weberskov CE, Gant MS, Chamot-Rooke J, Nielsen NS, Enghild JJ. Development of a top-down MS assay for specific identification of human periostin isoforms. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1399225. [PMID: 38962283 PMCID: PMC11220192 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1399225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Periostin is a matricellular protein encoded by the POSTN gene that is alternatively spliced to produce ten different periostin isoforms with molecular weights ranging from 78 to 91 kDa. It is known to promote fibrillogenesis, organize the extracellular matrix, and bind integrin-receptors to induce cell signaling. As well as being a key component of the wound healing process, it is also known to participate in the pathogenesis of different diseases including atopic dermatitis, asthma, and cancer. In both health and disease, the functions of the different periostin isoforms are largely unknown. The ability to precisely determine the isoform profile of a given human sample is fundamental for characterizing their functional significance. Identification of periostin isoforms is most often carried out at the transcriptional level using RT-PCR based approaches, but due to high sequence homogeneity, identification on the protein level has always been challenging. Top-down proteomics, where whole proteins are measured by mass spectrometry, offers a fast and reliable method for isoform identification. Here we present a fully developed top-down mass spectrometry assay for the characterization of periostin splice isoforms at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan S. Gant
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR 2024, Paris, France
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR 2024, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Sukusu Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan J. Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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2
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Wang X, Liu Y, Yong ZH, Yu XJ, Zhou FD, Zhao MH. Immunoglobulin repertoire sequencing and de novo sequencing - Powerful tools for identifying free light chains from patients with light chain cast nephropathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112302. [PMID: 38772298 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
In patients with light chain cast nephropathy (LCCN), abundantly produced monoclonal immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) play a vital role in pathogenesis. Determining the precise sequences of patient-derived FLCs is therefore highly desirable. Although immunoglobulin repertoire sequencing (5' RACE-seq) has been proven to be sensitive enough to provide full-length V(D)J region (variable, diversity and joining genes) of FLCs using bone marrow samples, an invasive and bone marrow independent method is still in demand. Here a de novo sequencing workflow based on the bottom-up proteomics for patient-derived FLCs was established. PEAKS software was used for the de novo sequencing of peptides that were further assembled into full-length FLC sequences. This de novo protein sequencing method can obtain the full-length amino acid sequences of FLCs, and had been shown to be as reliable as 5' RACE-seq. The two LCCN sequences derived from above the two methods were identical, and they possessed more hydrophobic or nonpolar amino acids compared with the corresponding germline, which may be associated with the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Renal Pathology Center, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Hao Yong
- Department of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Renal Pathology Center, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Fu-de Zhou
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Renal Pathology Center, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Renal Pathology Center, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Dong L, Chen S, Piatkov K, Wei D, Qian MG. Quantifying LAGA mutated mouse IgG2a monoclonal antibody with a rapid pepsin digestion enabled immunoaffinity LC/MS/MS assay. MAbs 2024; 16:2379903. [PMID: 39077932 PMCID: PMC11290748 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2379903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
A sensitive and specific bioanalytical method was required to measure the exposure of a LAGA-mutated surrogate mouse IgG2a monoclonal antibody in mouse plasma, but the lack of highly specific reagents for the LAGA mutant hindered the development of a ligand-binding assay. Equally problematic is that no sensitive unique tryptic peptides suitable for quantitative mass spectrometric analysis could be identified in the mIgG2a complementarity-determining regions. To overcome these challenges, a trypsin alternative pepsin, an aspartic protease, was systematically investigated for its use in digesting the mutated mIgG2a antibody to allow generation of signature peptides for the bioanalytical quantification purpose. After a series of evaluations, a rapid one-hour pepsin digestion protocol was established for the mutated Fc backbone. Consequently, a new pepsin digestion-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was successfully developed to support the mouse pharmacokinetic (PK) sample analysis. In brief, robust and reproducible C-terminal cleavage of both leucine and phenylalanine near the double mutation site of the mutated mIgG2a was accomplished at pH ≤2 and 37°C. Combined with a commercially available rat anti-mIgG2a heavy-chain antibody, the established immunoaffinity LC/MS/MS assay achieved a limit of quantitation of 20 ng/mL in the dynamic range of interest with satisfactory assay precision and accuracy. The successful implementation of this novel approach in discovery PK studies eliminates the need for tedious and costly generation of specific immunocapturing reagents for the LAGA mutants. The approach should be widely applicable for developing popular LAGA mutant-based biological therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Dong
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics & Modeling, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Susan Chen
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics & Modeling, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Konstantin Piatkov
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics & Modeling, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics & Modeling, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark G. Qian
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics & Modeling, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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4
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Castel J, Delaux S, Hernandez-Alba O, Cianférani S. Recent advances in structural mass spectrometry methods in the context of biosimilarity assessment: from sequence heterogeneities to higher order structures. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115696. [PMID: 37713983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Biotherapeutics and their biosimilar versions have been flourishing in the biopharmaceutical market for several years. Structural and functional characterization is needed to achieve analytical biosimilarity through the assessment of critical quality attributes as required by regulatory authorities. The role of analytical strategies, particularly mass spectrometry-based methods, is pivotal to gathering valuable information for the in-depth characterization of biotherapeutics and biosimilarity assessment. Structural mass spectrometry methods (native MS, HDX-MS, top-down MS, etc.) provide information ranging from primary sequence assessment to higher order structure evaluation. This review focuses on recent developments and applications in structural mass spectrometry for biotherapeutic and biosimilar characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Castel
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67087, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048 CNRS CEA, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Sarah Delaux
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67087, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048 CNRS CEA, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67087, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048 CNRS CEA, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67087, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048 CNRS CEA, Strasbourg 67087, France.
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5
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Wijnands C, Noori S, Donk NWCJVD, VanDuijn MM, Jacobs JFM. Advances in minimal residual disease monitoring in multiple myeloma. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:518-534. [PMID: 37232394 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2209652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the clonal expansion of plasma cells and the excretion of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-protein), or fragments thereof. This biomarker plays a key role in the diagnosis and monitoring of MM. Although there is currently no cure for MM, novel treatment modalities such as bispecific antibodies and CAR T-cell therapies have led to substantial improvement in survival. With the introduction of several classes of effective drugs, an increasing percentage of patients achieve a complete response. This poses new challenges to traditional electrophoretic and immunochemical M-protein diagnostics because these methods lack sensitivity to monitor minimal residual disease (MRD). In 2016, the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) expanded their disease response criteria with bone marrow-based MRD assessment using flow cytometry or next-generation sequencing in combination with imaging-based disease monitoring of extramedullary disease. MRD status is an important independent prognostic marker and its potential as a surrogate endpoint for progression-free survival is currently being studied. In addition, numerous clinical trials are investigating the added clinical value of MRD-guided therapy decisions in individual patients. Because of these novel clinical applications, repeated MRD evaluation is becoming common practice in clinical trials as well as in the management of patients outside clinical trials. In response to this, novel mass spectrometric methods that have been developed for blood-based MRD monitoring represent attractive minimally invasive alternatives to bone marrow-based MRD evaluation. This paves the way for dynamic MRD monitoring to allow the detection of early disease relapse, which may prove to be a crucial factor in facilitating future clinical implementation of MRD-guided therapy. This review provides an overview of state-of-the-art of MRD monitoring, describes new developments and applications of blood-based MRD monitoring, and suggests future directions for its successful integration into the clinical management of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charissa Wijnands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Somayya Noori
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn M VanDuijn
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joannes F M Jacobs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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6
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Peng W, den Boer MA, Tamara S, Mokiem NJ, van der Lans SPA, Bondt A, Schulte D, Haas PJ, Minnema MC, Rooijakkers SHM, van Zuilen AD, Heck AJR, Snijder J. Direct Mass Spectrometry-Based Detection and Antibody Sequencing of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance from Patient Serum: A Case Study. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3022-3028. [PMID: 37499263 PMCID: PMC10476240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a plasma cell disorder characterized by the presence of a predominant monoclonal antibody (i.e., M-protein) in serum, without clinical symptoms. Here we present a case study in which we detect MGUS by liquid-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) profiling of IgG1 in human serum. We detected a Fab-glycosylated M-protein and determined the full heavy and light chain sequences by bottom-up proteomics techniques using multiple proteases, further validated by top-down LC-MS. Moreover, the composition and location of the Fab-glycan could be determined in CDR1 of the heavy chain. The outlined approach adds to an expanding mass spectrometry-based toolkit to characterize monoclonal gammopathies such as MGUS and multiple myeloma, with fine molecular detail. The ability to detect monoclonal gammopathies and determine M-protein sequences straight from blood samples by mass spectrometry provides new opportunities to understand the molecular mechanisms of such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Peng
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits A. den Boer
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sem Tamara
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia J. Mokiem
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjors P. A. van der Lans
- Medical
Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Bondt
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe Schulte
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter-Jan Haas
- Medical
Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique C. Minnema
- Department
of Hematology, University Medical Center
Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- Medical
Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan D. van Zuilen
- Department
of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Snijder
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Su T, Hollas MAR, Fellers RT, Kelleher NL. Identification of Splice Variants and Isoforms in Transcriptomics and Proteomics. Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci 2023; 6:357-376. [PMID: 37561601 PMCID: PMC10840079 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-020722-044021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing is pivotal to the regulation of gene expression and protein diversity in eukaryotic cells. The detection of alternative splicing events requires specific omics technologies. Although short-read RNA sequencing has successfully supported a plethora of investigations on alternative splicing, the emerging technologies of long-read RNA sequencing and top-down mass spectrometry open new opportunities to identify alternative splicing and protein isoforms with less ambiguity. Here, we summarize improvements in short-read RNA sequencing for alternative splicing analysis, including percent splicing index estimation and differential analysis. We also review the computational methods used in top-down proteomics analysis regarding proteoform identification, including the construction of databases of protein isoforms and statistical analyses of search results. While many improvements in sequencing and computational methods will result from emerging technologies, there should be future endeavors to increase the effectiveness, integration, and proteome coverage of alternative splicing events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taojunfeng Su
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA;
| | - Michael A R Hollas
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan T Fellers
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA;
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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8
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Dhenin J, Dupré M, Druart K, Krick A, Mauriac C, Chamot-Rooke J. A multiparameter optimization in middle-down analysis of monoclonal antibodies by LC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2023; 58:e4909. [PMID: 36822210 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In antibody-based drug research, a complete characterization of antibody proteoforms covering both the amino acid sequence and all posttranslational modifications remains a major concern. The usual mass spectrometry-based approach to achieve this goal is bottom-up proteomics, which relies on the digestion of antibodies but does not allow the diversity of proteoforms to be assessed. Middle-down and top-down approaches have recently emerged as attractive alternatives but are not yet mastered and thus used in routine by many analytical chemistry laboratories. The work described here aims at providing guidelines to achieve the best sequence coverage for the fragmentation of intact light and heavy chains generated from a simple reduction of intact antibodies using Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Three parameters were found crucial to this aim: the use of an electron-based activation technique, the multiplex selection of precursor ions of different charge states, and the combination of replicates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dhenin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR2024, Mass Spectrometry for Biology, Paris, 75015, France
- Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- DMPK, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin, 91385, France
| | - Mathieu Dupré
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR2024, Mass Spectrometry for Biology, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Karen Druart
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR2024, Mass Spectrometry for Biology, Paris, 75015, France
| | | | | | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR2024, Mass Spectrometry for Biology, Paris, 75015, France
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9
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Sternke-Hoffmann R, Pauly T, Norrild RK, Hansen J, Tucholski F, Høie MH, Marcatili P, Dupré M, Duchateau M, Rey M, Malosse C, Metzger S, Boquoi A, Platten F, Egelhaaf SU, Chamot-Rooke J, Fenk R, Nagel-Steger L, Haas R, Buell AK. Widespread amyloidogenicity potential of multiple myeloma patient-derived immunoglobulin light chains. BMC Biol 2023; 21:21. [PMID: 36737754 PMCID: PMC9898917 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a range of human disorders such as multiple myeloma (MM), immunoglobulin light chains (IgLCs) can be produced at very high concentrations. This can lead to pathological aggregation and deposition of IgLCs in different tissues, which in turn leads to severe and potentially fatal organ damage. However, IgLCs can also be highly soluble and non-toxic. It is generally thought that the cause for this differential solubility behaviour is solely found within the IgLC amino acid sequences, and a variety of individual sequence-related biophysical properties (e.g. thermal stability, dimerisation) have been proposed in different studies as major determinants of the aggregation in vivo. Here, we investigate biophysical properties underlying IgLC amyloidogenicity. RESULTS We introduce a novel and systematic workflow, Thermodynamic and Aggregation Fingerprinting (ThAgg-Fip), for detailed biophysical characterisation, and apply it to nine different MM patient-derived IgLCs. Our set of pathogenic IgLCs spans the entire range of values in those parameters previously proposed to define in vivo amyloidogenicity; however, none actually forms amyloid in patients. Even more surprisingly, we were able to show that all our IgLCs are able to form amyloid fibrils readily in vitro under the influence of proteolytic cleavage by co-purified cathepsins. CONCLUSIONS We show that (I) in vivo aggregation behaviour is unlikely to be mechanistically linked to any single biophysical or biochemical parameter and (II) amyloidogenic potential is widespread in IgLC sequences and is not confined to those sequences that form amyloid fibrils in patients. Our findings suggest that protein sequence, environmental conditions and presence and action of proteases all determine the ability of light chains to form amyloid fibrils in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sternke-Hoffmann
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany ,grid.5991.40000 0001 1090 7501Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pauly
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany ,grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBI-7, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rasmus K. Norrild
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jan Hansen
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Tucholski
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Magnus Haraldson Høie
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paolo Marcatili
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mathieu Dupré
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR2000, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Magalie Duchateau
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR2000, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Martial Rey
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR2000, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christian Malosse
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR2000, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sabine Metzger
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Mass Spectrometry Platform, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Amelie Boquoi
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Platten
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany ,grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBI-4, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stefan U. Egelhaaf
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR2000, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Roland Fenk
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Luitgard Nagel-Steger
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany ,grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBI-7, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Alexander K. Buell
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany ,grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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10
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Cassidy L, Kaulich PT, Tholey A. Proteoforms expand the world of microproteins and short open reading frame-encoded peptides. iScience 2023; 26:106069. [PMID: 36818287 PMCID: PMC9929600 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microproteins and short open reading frame-encoded peptides (SEPs) can, like all proteins, carry numerous posttranslational modifications. Together with posttranscriptional processes, this leads to a high number of possible distinct protein molecules, the proteoforms, out of a limited number of genes. The identification, quantification, and molecular characterization of proteoforms possess special challenges to established, mainly bottom-up proteomics (BUP) based analytical approaches. While BUP methods are powerful, proteins have to be inferred rather than directly identified, which hampers the detection of proteoforms. An alternative approach is top-down proteomics (TDP) which allows to identify intact proteoforms. This perspective article provides a brief overview of modified microproteins and SEPs, introduces the proteoform terminology, and compares present BUP and TDP workflows highlighting their major advantages and caveats. Necessary future developments in TDP to fully accentuate its potential for proteoform-centric analytics of microproteins and SEPs will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Cassidy
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp T. Kaulich
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany,Corresponding author
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11
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Jurėnas D, Rey M, Byrne D, Chamot-Rooke J, Terradot L, Cascales E. Salmonella antibacterial Rhs polymorphic toxin inhibits translation through ADP-ribosylation of EF-Tu P-loop. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:13114-13127. [PMID: 36484105 PMCID: PMC9825190 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rearrangement hot spot (Rhs) proteins are members of the broad family of polymorphic toxins. Polymorphic toxins are modular proteins composed of an N-terminal region that specifies their mode of secretion into the medium or into the target cell, a central delivery module, and a C-terminal domain that has toxic activity. Here, we structurally and functionally characterize the C-terminal toxic domain of the antibacterial Rhsmain protein, TreTu, which is delivered by the type VI secretion system of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium. We show that this domain adopts an ADP-ribosyltransferase fold and inhibits protein synthesis by transferring an ADP-ribose group from NAD+ to the elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu). This modification is specifically placed on the side chain of the conserved D21 residue located on the P-loop of the EF-Tu G-domain. Finally, we demonstrate that the TriTu immunity protein neutralizes TreTu activity by acting like a lid that closes the catalytic site and traps the NAD+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dukas Jurėnas
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Dukas Jurėnas.
| | - Martial Rey
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Université Paris Cité, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UAR 2024, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Deborah Byrne
- Protein Expression Facility, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée (IMM), Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Université Paris Cité, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UAR 2024, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Terradot
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Lyon, UMR 5086, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Eric Cascales
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 491164462; Fax: +33 491712124;
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12
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Schulte D, Peng W, Snijder J. Template-Based Assembly of Proteomic Short Reads For De Novo Antibody Sequencing and Repertoire Profiling. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10391-10399. [PMID: 35834437 PMCID: PMC9330293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Antibodies can target a vast molecular diversity of antigens.
This
is achieved by generating a complementary diversity of antibody sequences
through somatic recombination and hypermutation. A full understanding
of the antibody repertoire in health and disease therefore requires
dedicated de novo sequencing methods. Next-generation
cDNA sequencing methods have laid the foundation of our current understanding
of the antibody repertoire, but these methods share one major limitation
in that they target the antibody-producing B-cells, rather than the
functional secreted product in bodily fluids. Mass spectrometry-based
methods offer an opportunity to bridge this gap between antibody repertoire
profiling and bulk serological assays, as they can access antibody
sequence information straight from the secreted polypeptide products.
In a step to meeting the challenge of mass spectrometry (MS)-based
antibody sequencing, we present a fast and simple software tool (Stitch)
to map proteomic short reads to user-defined templates with dedicated
features for both monoclonal antibody sequencing and profiling of
polyclonal antibody repertoires. We demonstrate the use of Stitch
by fully reconstructing two monoclonal antibody sequences with >98%
accuracy (including I/L assignment); sequencing a Fab from patient
serum isolated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) fractionation
against a high background of homologous antibody sequences; sequencing
antibody light chains from the urine of multiple-myeloma patients;
and profiling the IgG repertoire in sera from patients hospitalized
with COVID-19. We demonstrate that Stitch assembles a comprehensive
overview of the antibody sequences that are represented in the dataset
and provides an important first step toward analyzing polyclonal antibodies
and repertoire profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douwe Schulte
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Weiwei Peng
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Snijder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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de Graaf SC, Hoek M, Tamara S, Heck AJR. A perspective toward mass spectrometry-based de novo sequencing of endogenous antibodies. MAbs 2022; 14:2079449. [PMID: 35699511 PMCID: PMC9225641 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2079449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A key step in therapeutic and endogenous humoral antibody characterization is identifying the amino acid sequence. So far, this task has been mainly tackled through sequencing of B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoires at the nucleotide level. Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as an alternative tool for obtaining sequence information directly at the – most relevant – protein level. Although several MS methods are now well established, analysis of recombinant and endogenous antibodies comes with a specific set of challenges, requiring approaches beyond the conventional proteomics workflows. Here, we review the challenges in MS-based sequencing of both recombinant as well as endogenous humoral antibodies and outline state-of-the-art methods attempting to overcome these obstacles. We highlight recent examples and discuss remaining challenges. We foresee a great future for these approaches making de novo antibody sequencing and discovery by MS-based techniques feasible, even for complex clinical samples from endogenous sources such as serum and other liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan C de Graaf
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Max Hoek
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sem Tamara
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
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14
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Muccio S, Tavernier A, Rouchon MC, Roccon A, Dai S, Finn G, Macé S, Boutet V, Fedeli O. Validated Method Based on Immunocapture and Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry to Eliminate Isatuximab Interference with M-Protein Measurement in Serum. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15236-15242. [PMID: 34762405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In multiple myeloma (MM) disease, malignant plasma cells produce excessive quantities of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig), known as M-protein. M-protein levels are measured in the serum of patients with MM using electrophoresis techniques to determine the response to treatment. However, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, such as isatuximab, may confound signals using electrophoresis assays. We developed a robust assay based on immunocapture and liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (IC-HPLC-HRMS) in order to eliminate this interference. Following immunocapture of Ig and free light chains (LC) in serum, heavy chains (HC) and LC were dissociated using dithiothreitol, sorted by liquid chromatography and analyzed using HRMS (Q-Orbitrap). This method allowed the M-proteins to be characterized and the signals from isatuximab and M-proteins to be discriminated. As M-protein is specific to each patient, no standards were available for absolute quantification. We therefore used alemtuzumab (an IgG kappa mAb) as a surrogate analyte for the semiquantification of M-protein in serum. This assay was successfully validated in terms of selectivity/specificity, accuracy/precision, robustness, dilution linearity, and matrix variability from 10.0 to 200 μg/mL in human serum. This method was used for clinical assessment of samples and eliminated potential interference due to isatuximab when monitoring patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Muccio
- Sanofi R&D, 371 Rue du Professeur Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Alain Roccon
- Sanofi R&D, 371 Rue du Professeur Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, France
| | - Shujia Dai
- Sanofi Translational Sciences, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Greg Finn
- Sanofi Oncology, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sandrine Macé
- Sanofi R&D, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Valérie Boutet
- Sanofi R&D, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Olivier Fedeli
- Sanofi R&D, 371 Rue du Professeur Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, France
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