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Liu Q, Li S, Ma D, Chen J, Li C, Zhuang W, Chen M. Ros-responsive nano-platform for lipid-specific fluorescence imaging of atherosclerosis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 667:520-528. [PMID: 38653073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes that specifically targeting Lipid droplets (LDs) have shown potential in biological imaging. Albeit, their in vivo applications are limited due to the hydrophobicity, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and LDs-specificity. Thus, we designed a novel probe namely MeOND, and a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nano-platform to improve in vivo LDs-specific imaging. MeOND exhibits a remarkable twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) effect with a strongly enhanced near-infrared emission in low-polarity lipid environment. Also, MeOND demonstrates satisfactory biocompatibility and superior intracellular LDs imaging capabilities. MeOND encapsulated nano-platform (MeOND@PMM) presented favorable water solubility and biocompatibility. MeOND@PMM remains stable in physiological conditions but quickly degrades in the environment of elevated ROS level. The released MeOND could then light up the intracellular LDs in atherosclerotic plaques. The design of the probe and nano-platform is expected to provide a better tool for the scientific research of LDs and LDs-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Precision Medicine Translational Research Center, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shufen Li
- Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Precision Medicine Translational Research Center, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Di Ma
- Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Precision Medicine Translational Research Center, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jingruo Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Precision Medicine Translational Research Center, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chengming Li
- Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Precision Medicine Translational Research Center, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Zhuang
- Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Precision Medicine Translational Research Center, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.
| | - Mao Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Precision Medicine Translational Research Center, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.
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2
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Yang J, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhang C, Gu X, Hu L, Wang H. Multifunctional lipid droplet probes for observing the polarity change of ferroptosis, inflammation, fatty liver and evaluating the efficacy of drugs. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1312:342747. [PMID: 38834275 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid droplets (LDs) polarity is intricately linked to diverse biological processes and diseases. The visualization of LDs-polarity is of vital importance but challenging due to the lack of high-specificity, high-sensitivity and large-Stokes shift probes for real-time tracking LDs-polarity in biological systems. RESULTS Four D-π-A based fluorescent probes (TPA-TCF1-TPA-TCF4) have been developed by combining tricyanofuran (an electron acceptor, A) and triphenylamine (an electron donor, D) derivatives with different terminal groups. Among them, TPA-TCF1 and TPA-TCF4 exhibit excellent polar sensitivity, large Stokes shift (≥182 nm in H2O), and efficient LDs targeting ability. In particular, TPA-TCF4 is capable of monitoring the change of LDs-polarity during ferroptosis, inflammation, apoptosis of cancer cell, and fatty liver. SIGNIFICANCE All these features render TPA-TCF4 a versatile tool for pharmacodynamic evaluation of anti-cancer drugs, in-depth understanding of the biological effect of LDs on ferroptosis, and medical diagnosis of LDs-polarity related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Cuifeng Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gu
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Lei Hu
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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3
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Rong X, Li X, Liu C, Wu C, Wang Z, Zhu B. Dual-reporter fluorescent probe for precise identification of liver cancer by sequentially responding to carboxylesterase and polarity. Talanta 2024; 278:126477. [PMID: 38968656 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Early treatment significantly improves the survival rate of liver cancer patients, so the development of early diagnostic methods for liver cancer is urgent. Liver cancer can develop from viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver, and fatty liver, thus making the above diseases share common features such as elevated viscosity, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species. Therefore, accurate differentiation between other liver diseases and liver cancer is both a paramount practical need and challenging. Numerous fluorescent probes have been reported for the diagnosis of liver cancer by detecting a single biomarker, but these probes lack specificity for liver cancer in complex biological systems. Obviously, using multiple liver cancer biomarkers as the basis for judgment can dramatically improve diagnostic accuracy. Herein, we report the first fluorescent probe, LD-TCE, that sequentially detects carboxylesterase (CE) and lipid droplet polarity in liver cancer cells with high sensitivity and selectivity, with linear detection of CE in the range of 0-6 U/mL and a 65-fold fluorescence enhancement in response to polarity. The probe first reacts with CE and releases weak fluorescence, which is then dramatically enhanced due to the decrease in lipid droplet polarity in liver cancer cells. This approach allows the probe to enable specific imaging of liver cancer with higher contrast and accuracy. The probe successfully achieved the screening of liver cancer cells and the precise identification of liver cancer in mice. More importantly, it is not disturbed by liver fibrosis, which is a common pathological feature of many liver diseases. We believe that the LD-TCE is expected to be a powerful tool for early diagnosis of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Rong
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xiwei Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Caiyun Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Chuanchen Wu
- College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China.
| | - Zhongpeng Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Baocun Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
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4
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Yang Y, Guo R, Hu K, Xu M, Liang T, Lin W. An efficient lipid droplet-targeted fluorescent probe for detection of intracellular viscosity. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4749. [PMID: 38658767 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplet, an intracellular lipid reservoir, is vital for energy metabolism and signal transmission in cells. The viscosity directly affects the metabolism of lipid droplets, and the abnormal viscosity is associated with the occurrence and development of various diseases. Therefore, it is indispensable to develop techniques that can detect viscosity changes in intracellular lipid droplets. Based on twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) mechanism, a novel small-molecule lipid droplet-targeted viscosity fluorescence probe PPF-1 was designed. The probe was easy to synthesize, it had a large Stokes shift, stable optical properties, and low bio-toxicity. Compared to being in methanol solution, the fluorescence intensity of PPF-1 in glycerol solution was increased 26.7-fold, and PPF-1 showed excellent ability to target lipid droplets. Thus, the probe PPF-1 could provide an effective means of detecting viscosity changes of lipid droplets and was of great value for physiological diagnosis of related diseases, pathological analysis, and medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Yang
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Rui Guo
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Kexin Hu
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Meijie Xu
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
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5
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Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang J, Zhu X, Chen X, Wang S, Sun X, Zhou H. Three-Four Photon Transition Mn(II) Complex Monitoring Lysosome-Related ATP in Real Time via Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3535-3543. [PMID: 38353024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Currently, in situ monitoring of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in lysosomes is critical to understand their involvement in various biological processes, but it remains difficult due to the interferences of limited targeting and low resolution of fluorescent probes. Herein, we report a classic Mn(II) probe (FX2-MnCl2) with near-infrared (NIR) nonlinear (NLO) properties, accompanied by three-four photon transition and fivefold fluorescence enhancement in the presence of ATP. FX2-MnCl2 combines with ATP through dual recognition sites of diethoxy and manganese ions to reflect slightly fluorescence lifetime change. Through the synergy of multiphoton fluorescence imaging (MP-FI) and multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (MP-FLIM), it is further demonstrated that FX2-MnCl2 displays lysosome-specific targeting behavior, which can monitor lysosome-related ATP migration under NIR laser light. This work provides a novel multiphoton transformation fluorescence complex, which might be a potential candidate as a simple and straightforward biomarker of lysosome ATP in vitro for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Junjun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xianshun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hongping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
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6
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Wang H, Hu L, Yang J, Zhang C, Wang Z, Shen X, Chen X, He J, Pan J, Gu X. Isophorone-based AIEgens fluorescent probe with red emission for targeting lipid droplets and identifying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 306:123588. [PMID: 37922852 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the disorder of lipid metabolism, the excessive accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in liver cells can result in the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, it is great of significance to design and synthesized LDs-specific fluorescent probes for the early diagnosis of NAFLD. Herein, we developed a series of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probes ISO-LD1, ISO-LD2 and ISO-LD3 based on isophorone group for LDs-specific imaging in living cells. The photophysical properties demonstrated that all the probes with red emission (λem > 600 nm) exhibited a strong fluorescence in high polarity solvents. In particular, probe ISO-LD3 has a highest fluorescence quantum yield (except for 1,4-dioxane) and a larger Stokes shift. Confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments indicated that probe ISO-LD3 could specifically stain LDs via a "washing-free" procedure within 10 s, and monitor the dynamic behaviors of LDs exhibiting a high signal/noise ratio. Importantly, given the satisfactory performance of probe ISO-LD3, it has been successfully used for the detection of the normal liver tissues and fatty liver tissues, respectively. This work illustrated that ISO-LD3 is a promising tool for the detection of LDs and LDs-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Lei Hu
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Cuifeng Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xuebin Shen
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Medical Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jin Pan
- School of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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7
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Liu Q, Zhuang W, Chen J, Li S, Li C, Ma D, Chen M. A turn-on fluorescent probe for lipid-targeting imaging in human arterial aneurysm and fibrocalcific stenotic aortic valve. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:123030. [PMID: 37354855 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging techniques have shown remarkable performance in studying the biological functions of lipid droplets (LDs). However, the biological applications of the commercially available LDs probes suffer from insufficient specificity and low signal/noise ratio (SNR). Herein, we presented a novel near-infrared (NIR) lipid activatable fluorescence probe, namely Me2NND, with extremely low emission in water but significantly enhanced emission in the lipid environment. Me2NND presented good biocompatibility and impressive LDs-specific imaging ability in cells and tissues. Moreover, Me2NND has also shown good photostability and it could efficiently locate the distribution of LDs in human pathological samples of aortic aneurysms and fibrocalcific stenotic aortic valves. This study provided a novel turn-on probe Me2NND and would improve the bio-applications of LDs-specific probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease and Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weihua Zhuang
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease and Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jingruo Chen
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease and Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shufen Li
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease and Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengming Li
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease and Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Di Ma
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease and Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mao Chen
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease and Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China.
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8
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Hong J, Liu Y, Tan X, Feng G. Engineering of a NIR fluorescent probe for high-fidelity tracking of lipid droplets in living cells and nonalcoholic fatty liver tissues. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 240:115646. [PMID: 37657311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
LDs (Lipid droplets) are key organelles for lipid metabolism and storage, which are closely related to ferroptosis and fatty liver. Due to its small size and highly dynamic nature, developing high-fidelity fluorescent probes for imaging of LDs is crucial for observing the dynamic physiological processes of LDs and investigating LDs-associated diseases. Herein, we synthesized three dicyanoisophorone-based fluorescent probes (DCIMe, DCIJ, and DCIQ) with different electron-donating groups and studied their imaging performance for LDs. The results show that DCIQ is highly polarity sensitive and can perform high-fidelity imaging for LDs, with significantly better performance than DCIMe, DCIJ, and commercial LD probe BODIPY 493/503. Based on this, DCIQ was successfully applied to real-time observe the interplays between LDs and other organelles (mitochondria, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum), and to image the dynamics of LDs with fast scanning mode (0.44 s/frame) and the generation of oleic acid-induced LDs with high-fidelity. Finally, DCIQ was used to study the changes of LDs in the ferroptosis process and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease tissues. Overall, this study provided a powerful tool for high-fidelity imaging of LDs in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yijia Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Guoqiang Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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9
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Yang J, Wang Z, Deng Y, Zhang C, Shen X, He J, Hu L, Wang H. A wash-free fluorescent probe with a large Stokes shift for the identification of NAFL through tracing the change of lipid droplets. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8767-8771. [PMID: 37877374 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01410j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
As one of the important organelles in cells, lipid droplets (LDs) are involved in various physiological processes, especially affecting the occurrence and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). Therefore, it is of great significance to develop LD-specific probes with excellent biocompatibility, deep penetration and bright fluorescence. Herein, a fluorescent probe LD-HWZ was designed and synthesized based on triphenylamine and the dicyanoisophorone group. It is found that probe LD-HWZ has a large Stokes shift (Δλ = 160 nm in DMSO) and exhibits bright fluorescence in a lipid environment. In addition, biological experiments showed that LD-HWZ can localize in lipid droplets, which can be used to detect the dynamic changes of LDs. Importantly, LD-HWZ has been successfully used to discriminate NAFL tissues from normal livers. The excellent properties of probe LD-HWZ in this work are expected to shed new light on the design of lipid droplet probes for the study of fatty liver diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Cuifeng Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xuebin Shen
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Medical Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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10
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Biswas S, Baruah M, Shil A, Sarkar S, Ali M, Samanta A, Bhuniya S. Polarity-Driven Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring the Perturbation in Lipid Droplet Levels during Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Acute Pancreatitis. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3793-3803. [PMID: 37815484 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) act as an energy reservoir in cancer cells; on the other hand, mitochondria are hyperactive to fulfill the energy demand to accelerate cell proliferation. We are interested in unfolding the relationship between the cellular energy reservoir and energy producer through fluorescence labeling. Thus, a dual organelle-targeted fluorescent probe MLD-1 has been rationally developed. It visualized the crosstalk between mitochondrial dysfunction and the fluctuation of LDs in live cells. Its two-photon ability allowed us to acquire deep tissue images. For the first time, we have shown that the probe has the ability to track the accumulation of LDs in different mouse organs during pancreatic inflammation. MLD-1, being a selectively polarity-driven, chemo- and photostable LD probe, may offer great possibilities for studying LD-associated biology in due course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayeri Biswas
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Arch Waterfront, GP Block, Sector V, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Mousumi Baruah
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Anushree Shil
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mudassar Ali
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Animesh Samanta
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Sankarprasad Bhuniya
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Arch Waterfront, GP Block, Sector V, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700091, India
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11
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Lin B, Li Z, Lin Y, Shu Y, Wang J. Evaluation of intracellular lipid droplets viscosity by a probe with high fluorescence quantum yield. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341776. [PMID: 37827674 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid droplets (LDs) are an important organelle as the main energy storage site in cells. LDs viscosity controls the material and energy exchange between it and other organelles. Furthermore, the LDs metabolic abnormalities, cell dysfunction, some diseases may be attributed to the singular LDs viscosity. Currently, the fluorescent probes for sensing the variations of LDs viscosity are still scarce and expose some drawbacks of low fluorescence quantum yield, low sensitivity and LDs polarity interference. Thus, the development of high performance probes is significant to detect LDs viscosity. RESULTS We hereby provide a lipophilic fluorescent probe (TPE-BET) with high fluorescence quantum yield (Φf, 0.91 in glycerol) for imaging LDs viscosity in living cells. With the increase of viscosity from 0.54 cp to 934 cp, the fluorescence at λex/λem = 405/520 nm and the fluorescence quantum yield of TPE-BET linearly increased by 64.9 and 128.5 folds, respectively. Meanwhile, the outstanding LDs staining capability of TPE-BET may provide a high spatial resolution for LDs imaging. The cell imaging of TPE-BET not only successfully observed the viscosity variations of LDs in cell stress models, e.g., ferroptosis, inflammation and mitophagy, but also revealed the increased viscosity and extracellular delivery of LDs in heavy metal cell injury models (Hg/As) for the first time, which may supply concrete evidence for understanding the structure and function of LDs. SIGNIFICANCE This represents a new fluorescent probe TPE-BET with high fluorescence quantum yield for imaging LDs viscosity, which may decrease the dose of probe and excitation light intensity along with the improvement on signal noise ratio (S/N). The imaging results of TPE-BET clarified that LDs viscosity may be an appraisal index on cell differentiation, state evaluation and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Zhenru Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yanna Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yang Shu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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12
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Sha J, Liu W, Zheng X, Guo Y, Li X, Ren H, Qin Y, Wu J, Zhang W, Lee CS, Wang P. Polarity-Sensitive Probe for Two-Photon Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Lipid Droplets In Vitro and In Vivo. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15350-15356. [PMID: 37784219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are crucial organelles used to store lipids and participate in lipid metabolism in cells. The abnormal aggregation and polarity change of LDs are associated with the occurrence of diseases, such as steatosis. Herein, the polarity-sensitive probe TBPCPP with a donor-acceptor-π-acceptor (D-A-π-A) structure was designed and synthesized. The TBPCPP has a large Stokes shift (∼220 nm), excellent photostability, high LD targeting, and considerable two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-section (∼226 GM), enabling deep two-photon imaging (∼360 μm). In addition, the fluorescence lifetime of TBPCPP decreases linearly with increasing solvent polarity. Therefore, with the assistance of two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (TP-FLIM), TBPCPP has successfully achieved not only the visualization of polarity changes caused by LD accumulation in HepG-2 cells but also lipid-specific imaging and visualization of different polarities in lipid-rich regions in zebrafish for the first time. Furthermore, TP-FLIM revealed that the polarity gradually decreases during steatosis in HepG-2 cells, which provided new insights into the diagnosis of steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sha
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yimin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Haohui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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13
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Liu C, Li X, Rong X, Li M, Yu M, Sheng W, Zhu B. The rational utilization of organelle microenvironment for imaging of lysosomal SO 2 with high fidelity. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1267:341338. [PMID: 37257969 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, more and more studies have linked the abnormal expression of active molecules in organelles with the occurrence of diseases, so there is an urgent need to develop tools for detecting active molecules in specific organelles. However, the recognition receptors of most organelle-targeting probes currently developed always remain active, which easily causes them to react with the analyte in the cytoplasm, thus misjudging the role of the analyte in the physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a new strategy for the design of probes capable of high-fidelity imaging of the analyte in specific organelles. Herein, we propose a new strategy that the activation of recognition receptors that can be triggered by the microenvironment of targeting organelles. Based on this strategy, we develop a novel lysosome-targeting fluorescent probe (Lyso-SO2) for imaging of sulfur dioxide (SO2) with high-fidelity in lysosomes. The inert probe is activated by the acidic environment in the lysosome and then responds quickly (<2 s) and sensitively (LOD = 0.34 μM) to SO2. This paradigm by taking full advantage of the features of the organelle microenvironment provides a promising methodology for developing organelle-targeting probes for high-fidelity imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Xiwei Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xiaodi Rong
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Miaohui Yu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Wenlong Sheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China.
| | - Baocun Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
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14
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Pei S, Li H, Li J, Liu Y, Zhang G, Shi L, Liang W, Zhang C, Shuang S, Dong C. Synthesis of a Red-Emitting Polarity-Sensitive Fluorescent Probe Based on ICT and Visualization for Lipid Droplet Dynamic Processes. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37243606 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal lipid droplets (LDs) have been recognized as critical factors in many diseases because they are metabolically active and dynamic organelles. Visualization for LD dynamic processes is fundamental for elucidating the relationship of LDs and related diseases. Herein, a red-emitting polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe (TPA-CYP) based on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) was proposed, which was constructed by employing triphenylamine (TPA) and 2-(5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohex-1-ylidene)propanedinitrile (CYP) as electron donor and acceptor moiety, respectively. The spectra results underlined the excellent characteristics of TPA-CYP, such as high polarity sensitivity (Δf = 0.209 to 0.312), strong solvatochromic effect (λem 595-699 nm), and the large Stokes shifts (174 nm). Moreover, TPA-CYP exhibited a specific ability to target LDs and effectively differentiated cancer cells and normal cells. Surprisingly, TPA-CYP had been successfully applied to dynamic tracking of LDs, not only in inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the process of oxidative stress, but also in live zebrafish. We believe that TPA-CYP could serve as a powerful tool to gain insight into the dynamics of LDs and to understand and diagnose LD-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizeng Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Haoyang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jiale Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guomei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wenting Liang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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15
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Wang H, Zhang C, Hu L, Tang F, Wang Y, Ding F, Lu J, Ding A. Red-emissive Dual-state Fluorogenic Probe for Wash-free Imaging of Lipid Droplets in Living Cells and Fatty Liver Tissues. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201291. [PMID: 36790100 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplet (LD) dysfunction can result in various diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Imaging agents built on dual-state emission (DSE) molecules that fluoresce in both dilute solutions and the aggregated state are receiving attention as this type of probe could provide bright fluorescence signals at variable concentrations, avoiding false signal readout caused by the concentration fluctuation in living systems. Herein, we identified a red emissive molecule featuring DSE, from three newly synthesized molecules, for specific detection of LDs in live cells. The bioimaging abilities have been well confirmed by optical spectroscopies, theoretical calculations, cell experiments, as well as animal studies. The DSE probe is effective for LD detection at concentrations ranging from 1 μM to 100 μM while retaining high brightness and signal fidelity. This study provides a knowledge base for the future design of DSE-active fluorescent probes for understanding LD-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, 241002, Wuhu, P. R. China
| | - Cuifeng Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, 241002, Wuhu, P. R. China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, 241002, Wuhu, P. R. China
| | - Fang Tang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, 241002, Wuhu, P. R. China
| | - Feiyang Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, 241002, Wuhu, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Lu
- School of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, 241002, Wuhu, P. R. China
| | - Aixiang Ding
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China
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16
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Lee DJ, Kim ES, Lee HW, Kim HM. Advances in small molecule two-photon fluorescent trackers for lipid droplets in live sample imaging. Front Chem 2022; 10:1072143. [PMID: 36505737 PMCID: PMC9733596 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1072143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-photon fluorescent trackers for monitoring of lipid droplets (LDs) would be highly effective for illustrating the critical roles of LDs in live cells or tissues. Although a number of one-photon fluorescent trackers for labeling LDs have been developed, their usability remains constrained in live sample imaging due to photo damage, shallow imaging depth, and auto-fluorescence. Recently, some two-photon fluorescent trackers for LDs have been developed to overcome these limitations. In this mini-review article, the advances in two-photon fluorescent trackers for monitoring of LDs are summarized. We summarize the chemical structures, two-photon properties, live sample imaging, and biomedical applications of the most recent representative two-photon fluorescent trackers for LDs. Additionally, the current challenges and future research trends for the two-photon fluorescent trackers of LDs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Joon Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eun Seo Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyo Won Lee
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Suwon, South Korea,Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea,*Correspondence: Hyo Won Lee, ; Hwan Myung Kim,
| | - Hwan Myung Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea,Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea,*Correspondence: Hyo Won Lee, ; Hwan Myung Kim,
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