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Zhao J, Dai C, Gu B, Wei M. An ESIPT + AIE based dual-response fluorescent probe for continuous detection of PhSH and HClO and visualization of PhSH-induced oxidative stress in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124664. [PMID: 38901234 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
As a valuable industrial chemical, thiophenol (PhSH) is poisonous, which can be easily absorbed by the human body, leading to many serious health issues. In addition, PhSH-triggered oxidative stress is considered to be related with the pathogenesis and toxicity of PhSH. Therefore, efficient methods for monitoring PhSH and ROS production induced by PhSH in living systems are very meaningful and desired. Herein, we reasonably developed a facile dual-response fluorescent probe (HDB-DNP) by incorporating the dinitrophenyl (DNP) group into a novel methylthio-substituted salicylaldehyde azine (HDB) with AIE and ESIPT features. The probe itself was non-fluorescent owing to the strong quenching effect of DNP group. In the presence of PhSH, HDB-DNP gave an intense red fluorescence (610 nm), which can rapidly switch to green fluorescence (510 nm) upon further addition of HClO, allowing the successive detection of PhSH and HClO in two well-separated channels. HDB-DNP proved to be a very promising dual-functional probe for rapid (PhSH: < 17 min; HClO: 10 s) and selective detection of PhSH and HClO in physiological conditions with low detection limit (PhSH: 13.8 nM; HClO: 88.6 nM). Inspired by its excellent recognition properties and low cytotoxicity, HDB-DNP was successfully applied for monitoring PhSH and PhSH-induced HClO generation in living cells with satisfactory results, which may help to better understand the pathogenesis of PhSH-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organometallic New Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, PR China
| | - Cong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organometallic New Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, PR China
| | - Biao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Organometallic New Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, PR China.
| | - Mingjie Wei
- School of Public Health, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, PR China.
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2
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Liu Y, Deng M, Wang P, Liu Y, Li S, He L. Visualizing lysosomes hypochlorous acid in Parkinson's disease models by a novel fluorescent probe. Talanta 2024; 279:126635. [PMID: 39089082 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Heightened oxidative stress is the principal driver behind the altered metabolism of neurotransmitters within the brains of Parkinson's disease (PD). Hypochlorous acid (HClO), a variant of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays a crucial role in several lysosomal activities. An irregular concentration of HClO may result in significant molecular damage and contribute to the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. Despite this, the precise role of lysosomal HClO in PD remains unclear, due to its fast reactivity and low levels. This is further complicated by the lack of effective in situ imaging techniques for accurately tracking its dynamics. Therefore, it is of great significance to use effective tools to map the lysosomal HClO during the pathological process of PD. In this study, we propose a fluorogenic probe named Lys-PTZ-HClO for the specific and sensitive detection of HClO. Lys-PTZ-HClO exhibits features like a fast response time (10 s) and a low detection limit (0.72 μM). Benefiting from its superior properties, the probe was used to visualize the basal HClO levels, and the variation of HClO levels in lysosomal of living cells. More importantly, this probe was successfully applied for the first time to reveal increased lysosomal HClO in a cellular model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Min Deng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Songjiao Li
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China.
| | - Longwei He
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China.
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3
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Hu G, Xu HD, Fang J. Sulfur-based fluorescent probes for biological analysis: A review. Talanta 2024; 279:126515. [PMID: 39024854 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of small-molecule fluorescence detection methodologies in scientific research and industrial contexts can be ascribed to their inherent merits, including elevated sensitivity, exceptional selectivity, real-time detection capabilities, and non-destructive characteristics. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on small-molecule fluorescent probes engineered with sulfur elements, aiming to detect a diverse array of biologically active species. This review presents a comprehensive survey of sulfur-based fluorescent probes published from 2017 to 2023. The diverse repertoire of recognition sites, including but not limited to N, N-dimethylthiocarbamyl, disulfides, thioether, sulfonyls and sulfoxides, thiourea, thioester, thioacetal and thioketal, sulfhydryl, phenothiazine, thioamide, and others, inherent in these sulfur-based probes markedly amplifies their capacity for detecting a broad spectrum of analytes, such as metal ions, reactive oxygen species, reactive sulfur species, reactive nitrogen species, proteins, and beyond. Owing to the individual disparities in the molecular structures of the probes, analogous recognition units may be employed to discern diverse substrates. Subsequent to this classification, the review provides a concise summary and introduction to the design and biological applications of these probe molecules. Lastly, drawing upon a synthesis of published works, the review engages in a discussion regarding the merits and drawbacks of these fluorescent probes, offering guidance for future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China.
| | - Hua-Dong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China.
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4
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Zhang X, He X, Si Y, Nie X, Lun S, Wang C, Lin L, Yan Y. A dual sensitive fluorescence probe for the simultaneous visualization of hypochlorite and viscosity in living cells and zebrafish. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 325:125149. [PMID: 39293203 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.125149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
As vital microenvironmental indicators, hypochlorite and viscosity levels can be applied to diagnose diseases. Thus, real time and in situ monitoring of hypochlorite and viscosity has gained increasing attentions. A fluorescence probe named JDK was developed by using a novel acceptor of 2-(2-(5-(dimethylamino)thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium fluorophore basing on FRET and TICT system. JDK possessed large Stokes shift, broad emission peak gap, prominent photostability and biocompatibility. JDK could track hypochlorite with rapid response time (within 1 min) and low detection limit (28.5 nM). Meaningfully, JDK was favor to append on mitochondria where physiological processes can be disrupted deriving from the abnormal concentrations of hypochlorite and viscosity. Successfully, JDK could visualize endogenous hypochlorite and viscosity in living cells and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, PR China; School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, PR China
| | - Xiaoying He
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yanmei Si
- School of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, PR China
| | - Xuqing Nie
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, PR China
| | - Shenghui Lun
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, PR China
| | - Changqin Wang
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, PR China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, PR China
| | - Yehao Yan
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, PR China.
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5
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Liu M, Peng W, Zheng H, Chen K, Lin Q, Zhang S, Yang L. Assessing Atherosclerosis by Super-Resolution Imaging of HClO in Foam Cells Using a Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2024; 96:14215-14221. [PMID: 39162214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Foam cells, with elevated lipid droplets (LDs) and HClO levels, are the main components of the atherosclerotic plaques that are characteristic of AS. Super-resolution imaging can be used to visualize the distribution of LDs in foam cells at the nanometer level, facilitating the identification of LDs and HClO. In the present study, we report the development of a ratiometric fluorescent probe, SFL-HClO, for super-resolution imaging of LDs and HClO. Super-resolution imaging with this probe revealed the precise structure of LDs at the suborganelle level. Moreover, the fluorescence behavior of SFL-HClO on the surface of LDs verified its excellent performance in detecting HClO in the foam cells. SFL-HClO can sequentially and specifically respond to LDs and HClO via "turn-on" and ratiometric signal output, respectively, thus contributing to precise imaging of foam cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that SFL-HClO can be used to report on upregulated HClO in atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta of AS mice, providing a suitable fluorescent tool for early atherosclerotic disease assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Weikang Peng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Hongyong Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Kangfei Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Qifu Lin
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
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6
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Li J, Yang Z, Yang W, Zhao X, Li L, Cao Z, Zhou H, Zheng R, Deng Y, Peng C, Li Y, Fang Y. A novel AIE-based mitochondria-targeting fluorescent probe for monitoring of the fluctuation of endogenous hypochlorous acid in ferroptosis models. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:4873-4885. [PMID: 38951148 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a way of cell death mainly due to the imbalance between the production and degradation of lipid reactive oxygen species, which is closely associated with various diseases. Endogenous hypochlorous acid (HOCl) mainly produced in mitochondria is regarded as an important signal molecule of ferroptosis. Therefore, monitoring the fluctuation of endogenous HOCl is beneficial to better understand and treat ferroptosis-related diseases. Inspired by the promising aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties of tetraphenylethene (TPE), herein, we rationally constructed a novel AIE-based fluorescent probe, namely QTrPEP, for HOCl with nice mitochondria-targeting ability and high sensitivity and selectivity. Probe QTrPEP consisted of phenylborate ester and the AIE fluorophore of quinoline-conjugated triphenylethylene (QTrPE). HOCl can brighten the strong fluorescence through a specific HOCl-triggered cleavage of the phenylborate ester bond and release of QTrPE, which has been demonstrated by MS, HPLC, and DLS experiments. In addition, combining QTrPE-doped test strips with a smartphone-based measurement demonstrated the excellent performance of the probe to sense HOCl. The obtained favorable optical properties and negligible cytotoxicity allowed the use of this probe for tracking of HOCl in three different cells. In particular, this work represents the first AIE-based mitochondria-targeting fluorescent probe for monitoring the fluctuation of HOCl in ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wenya Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Longxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhixing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Houcheng Zhou
- Sichuan New Green Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co. Ltd., Chengdu, 611930, China
| | - Renlin Zheng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Yun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yuzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yuyu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- Sichuan New Green Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co. Ltd., Chengdu, 611930, China.
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7
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Cabello MC, Chen G, Melville MJ, Osman R, Kumar GD, Domaille DW, Lippert AR. Ex Tenebris Lux: Illuminating Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species with Small Molecule Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9225-9375. [PMID: 39137397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are small reactive molecules derived from elements in the air─oxygen and nitrogen. They are produced in biological systems to mediate fundamental aspects of cellular signaling but must be very tightly balanced to prevent indiscriminate damage to biological molecules. Small molecule probes can transmute the specific nature of each reactive oxygen and nitrogen species into an observable luminescent signal (or even an acoustic wave) to offer sensitive and selective imaging in living cells and whole animals. This review focuses specifically on small molecule probes for superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite that provide a luminescent or photoacoustic signal. Important background information on general photophysical phenomena, common probe designs, mechanisms, and imaging modalities will be provided, and then, probes for each analyte will be thoroughly evaluated. A discussion of the successes of the field will be presented, followed by recommendations for improvement and a future outlook of emerging trends. Our objectives are to provide an informative, useful, and thorough field guide to small molecule probes for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as important context to compare the ecosystem of chemistries and molecular scaffolds that has manifested within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidileyvis C Cabello
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Gen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Michael J Melville
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rokia Osman
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - G Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Dylan W Domaille
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alexander R Lippert
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
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8
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Zheng H, Peng W, Liu M, Zhang S, Song X, Yang L. Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Super-Resolution Imaging of Lysosome HClO in Ferroptosis Cells. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11581-11587. [PMID: 38951996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent programmed cell death that is characterized by the dysregulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, causing abnormal changes in hypochlorous acid (HClO) levels in lysosomes. Super-resolution imaging can observe the fine structure of the lysosome at the nanometer level; therefore, it can be used to detect lysosome HClO levels during ferroptosis at the suborganelle level. Herein, we utilize a ratiometric fluorescent probe, SRF-HClO, for super-resolution imaging of lysosome HClO. Structured-illumination microscopy (SIM) improves the accuracy of lysosome targeting and enables the probe SRF-HClO to be successfully applied to rapidly monitor the up-regulated lysosome HClO at the nanoscale during inflammation and ferroptosis. Importantly, the probe SRF-HClO can also detect HClO changes in inflammatory and ferroptosis mice and evaluate the inhibitory effect of ferroptosis on mice tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyong Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Weikang Peng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Xiangzhi Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
- College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
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9
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Fang H, Wang M, Wei P, Liu Q, Su Y, Liu H, Chen Y, Su Z, He W. Molecular probes for super-resolution imaging of drug dynamics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 210:115330. [PMID: 38735627 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Super-resolution molecular probes (SRMPs) are essential tools for visualizing drug dynamics within cells, transcending the resolution limits of conventional microscopy. In this review, we provide an overview of the principles and design strategies of SRMPs, emphasizing their role in accurately tracking drug molecules. By illuminating the intricate processes of drug distribution, diffusion, uptake, and metabolism at a subcellular and molecular level, SRMPs offer crucial insights into therapeutic interventions. Additionally, we explore the practical applications of super-resolution imaging in disease treatment, highlighting the significance of SRMPs in advancing our understanding of drug action. Finally, we discuss future perspectives, envisioning potential advancements and innovations in this field. Overall, this review serves to inform and practitioners about the utility of SRMPs in driving innovation and progress in pharmacology, providing valuable insights for drug development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbao Fang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Functional Molecules, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210013, China
| | - Pengfan Wei
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongke Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuncong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Weijiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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10
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Gao C, Chen DD, Zhang L, Ma ML, Liu HW, Cui HR. A Mitochondria-Targeting Fluorescent Probe for the Dual Sensing of Hypochlorite and Viscosity without Signal Crosstalk in Living Cells and Zebrafish. Molecules 2024; 29:3059. [PMID: 38999010 PMCID: PMC11243143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypochlorite (ClO-) and viscosity both affect the physiological state of mitochondria, and their abnormal levels are closely related to many common diseases. Therefore, it is vitally important to develop mitochondria-targeting fluorescent probes for the dual sensing of ClO- and viscosity. Herein, we have explored a new fluorescent probe, XTAP-Bn, which responds sensitively to ClO- and viscosity with off-on fluorescence changes at 558 and 765 nm, respectively. Because the emission wavelength gap is more than 200 nm, XTAP-Bn can effectively eliminate the signal crosstalk during the simultaneous detection of ClO- and viscosity. In addition, XTAP-Bn has several advantages, including high selectivity, rapid response, good water solubility, low cytotoxicity, and excellent mitochondrial-targeting ability. More importantly, probe XTAP-Bn is successfully employed to monitor the dynamic change in ClO- and viscosity levels in the mitochondria of living cells and zebrafish. This study not only provides a reliable tool for identifying mitochondrial dysfunction but also offers a potential approach for the early diagnosis of mitochondrial-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Synergy Innovation Centre of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Synergy Innovation Centre of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Synergy Innovation Centre of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Ming-Lan Ma
- Synergy Innovation Centre of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Hu-Wei Liu
- Synergy Innovation Centre of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Hai-Rong Cui
- Synergy Innovation Centre of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China
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11
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Wang Y, Wang R, Zou J, Xie W, Chang J, Dong B, Yue T. Development of a turn-on fluorescent probe for the imaging of intracellular hypochlorous acid (HClO) during ferroptosis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124123. [PMID: 38452460 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a burgeoning iron-dependent cell death form, and has close relation with hypochlorous acid (HClO). Exploring the fluctuation of the HClO level in living cells during ferroptosis could contribute to the profound study of the biological functions of HClO during ferroptosis. Here, we present a turn-on probe (RH-C) for the imaging of intracellular HClO during ferroptosis. The probe RH-C utilized the N,N-dimethylthiocarbamate group as a selective recognition site for HClO, and displayed desirable sensitivity and selectivity to HClO. The probe RH-C could detect the exogenous and endogenous HClO in living cells. Furthermore, RH-C was competent in monitoring the changes of endogenous HClO level during the process of ferroptosis. Biological imaging results suggested that erastin-induced ferroptosis can result in the excessive production of the endogenous HClO, and ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and vitamin E (VE) could block the massive accumulation of HClO in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Ruifei Wang
- Shandong Chemical Technology Academy, Qingdao University of Science and Technology (Jinan), Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Jidong Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Wanru Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Jia Chang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Baoli Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China.
| | - Tao Yue
- Shandong Chemical Technology Academy, Qingdao University of Science and Technology (Jinan), Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.
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12
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Zhao B, Xu X, Wen X, Liu Q, Dong C, Yang Q, Fan C, Yoon J, Lu Z. Ratiometric Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe Monitors Ferroptosis in HCC Cells by Imaging HClO in Mitochondria. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5992-6000. [PMID: 38574346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is a typical endogenous ROS produced mainly in mitochondria, and it has strong oxidative properties. Abnormal HClO levels lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, strongly associated with various diseases. It has been shown that HClO shows traces of overexpression in cells of both ferroptosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, visualization of HClO levels during ferroptosis of HCC is important to explore its physiological and pathological roles. So far, there has been no report on the visualization of HClO in ferroptosis of HCC. Thus, we present a ratiometric near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe Mito-Rh-S which visualized for the first time the fluctuation of HClO in mitochondria during ferroptosis of HCC. Mito-Rh-S has an ultrafast response rate (2 s) and large emission shift (115 nm). Mito-Rh-S was constructed based on the PET sensing mechanism and thus has a high signal-to-noise ratio. The cell experiments of Mito-Rh-S demonstrated that Fe2+- and erastin-induced ferroptosis in HepG2 cells resulted in elevated levels of mitochondrial HClO and that high concentration levels of Fe2+ and erastin cause severe mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress and had the potential to kill HepG2 cells. By regulating the erastin concentration, erastin induction time, and treatment of the ferroptosis model, Mito-Rh-S can accurately detect the fluctuation of mitochondrial HClO levels during ferroptosis in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Xionghao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Xin Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Chao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Qingkun Yang
- Shandong Anshun Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Laoling, Shandong 253600, China
| | - Chunhua Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Zhengliang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
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13
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Zhong L, Fu D, Xu J, Tan L, Wu H, Wang M. Rational design of a lysosome-targeted fluorescent probe for monitoring the generation of hydroxyl radicals in ferroptosis pathways. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12864-12872. [PMID: 38650686 PMCID: PMC11033609 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00562g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered iron-dependent form of regulated cell death associated with high levels of hydroxyl radical (˙OH) production. Meanwhile, lysosome dysfunction has been shown to be one of the causes of ferroptosis. Although a variety of ˙OH-responsive fluorescent probes have been developed for detecting intracellular ˙OH in living cells, there are still only few lysosome-targeted probes to monitor the variation in lysosomal ˙OH levels during ferroptosis. Herein, we report a novel ˙OH-specific fluorescent probe HCy-Lyso, which is composed of the hydrocyanine and morpholine moiety. Upon treatment with ˙OH, its hydrocyanine unit was converted to the corresponding cyanine group, thus leading to a large π-conjugation extension of HCy-Lyso, accompanied by a significant fluorescence off-on response. Moreover, after reacting with ˙OH in an acidic environment, the protonation product of HCy-Lyso exhibits a higher fluorescence enhancement, which is suitable for detecting lysosomal ˙OH variation. HCy-Lyso has been utilized for imaging endogenous ˙OH in living cells under phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimuli and monitoring the changes in lysosomal ˙OH levels during ferroptosis. Thus, our study proposes a new strategy to design lysosome-targeted and ˙OH-responsive fluorescent probes to investigate the relationship between lysosomes and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University) Haikou Hainan 570311 China
| | - Datian Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center Haikou Hainan 570312 China
| | - Jin Xu
- Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering School, Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College Zhuzhou 412006 China
| | - Linyan Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tropical Agricultural Technology College, Hainan Vocational University Haikou Hainan 570216 China
| | - Haimei Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hainan Cancer Hospital Haikou Hainan 570100 China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University) Haikou Hainan 570311 China
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14
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Yu G, Kuang H, Xu C, Sun M, Hao C. Tri-mode Responses to Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo by Chiral Vanadium-Based Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5677-5685. [PMID: 38533607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely associated with the redox balance of the physiological environment, and monitoring ROS can aid in the early diagnosis of many diseases, including cancer. In this study, chiral vanadium trioxide/vanadium nitride (V2O3/VN) nanoparticles (NPs) modified with an organic dye (cyanine 3 [Cy3]) were prepared for ROS sensing. Chiral V2O3/VN NPs were prepared with the "ligand-induced chirality" strategy and showed a g-factor of up to 0.12 at a wavelength of 512 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this g-factor is the highest value of all chiral ceramic nanomaterials. The very high g-factor of the nanoprobe confers very high sensitivity, because the higher g-factor, the higher sensitivity. In the presence of ROS, V3+ in the chiral V2O3/VN nanoprobe undergoes a redox reaction to form V2O5, reducing the circular dichroism and absorbance signals, whereas the fluorescence signal of Cy3 is restored. With this nanoprobe, the limits of detection for the circular dichroic and fluorescence signals in living cells are 0.0045 nmol/106 and 0.018 nmol/106 cells, respectively. This chiral nanoprobe can also monitor ROS levels in vivo by fluorescence. This strategy provides an innovative approach to the detection of ROS and is expected to promote the wider application of chiral nanomaterials for biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Yu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hua Kuang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Maozhong Sun
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Changlong Hao
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
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15
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Zeng J, Liu M, Yang T, Li S, Cheng D, He L. A single mitochondria-targetable fluorescent probe for visualizing cysteine and glutathione in ferroptosis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Talanta 2024; 270:125610. [PMID: 38159348 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis plays an important role in the early stage of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, which is closely associated with the antioxidant damage of mitochondrial cysteine (Cys)/glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis. Visualization of Cys and GSH in mitochondria is meaningful to value ferroptosis and further contributes to understanding and preventing MI/R injury. Herein a mitochondria-targetable thiols fluorescent probe (MTTP) was designed and synthesized based on sulfonyl benzoxadiazole (SBD) chromophore with a triphenylphosphine unit as the mitochondria-targeted functional group. Cys and GSH can be differentiated by MTTP with two distinguishable emission bands (583 nm and 520 nm) through the controllable aromatic substitution-rearrangement reaction. Importantly, MTTP is capable of monitoring ferroptosis and its inhibition by measuring mitochondrial Cys and GSH. MTTP was also employed to non-invasively detect ferroptosis during oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced MI/R injury in H9C2 cells. In a word, MTTP provides a visual tool that can simultaneously detect Cys and GSH to monitor ferroptosis processes during MI/R injury, which helps for more deeper understanding of the role of ferroptosis in MI/R injury-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zeng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China; School of Basic Medical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Minhui Liu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Songjiao Li
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China; Clinical Research Institute, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China.
| | - Longwei He
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China; School of Basic Medical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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16
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Chen W, Xu W, Xing J, Liu Q, Wang J, Meng M, Sheng J, Xiao Q, Zeng L, Yang L. De Novo Design of a Highly Stable Ratiometric Probe for Long-Term Continuous Imaging of Endogenous HClO Burst. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4129-4137. [PMID: 38469639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Long-term continuous imaging of endogenous HClO burst is of great importance for the elucidation of various physiological or pathological processes. However, most of the currently reported HClO probes have failed to achieve this goal due to their insufficient photobleaching resistance under a laser source. Herein, a highly stable ratiometric probe, HFTC-HClO 1, which is capable of continuously monitoring endogenous HClO burst over a long period of time, has been judiciously developed. Briefly, the de novo development of HFTC-HClO 1 mainly involved three main steps: (1) novel coumarins (HFTC 1-5) were designed and synthesized; (2) the most stable scaffold, HFTC 3, was selected through dye screening and cell imaging validation; and (3) based on HFTC 3, three candidate HClO probes were constructed, and HFTC-HClO 1 was finally selected due to its superior sensing properties toward HClO. Furthermore, HFTC-HClO 1 can quantitatively measure HClO levels in various real samples with excellent recovery (>90.4%), and the use of HFTC-HClO 1-coated test strips for qualitative analysis of HClO in real samples was also achieved. In addition, the application of HFTC-HClO 1 for long-term continuous monitoring of intracellular HClO burst was successfully demonstrated. Significantly, HFTC-HClO 1 was able to visualize HClO generated in the rheumatoid arthritis mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Wenju Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Xing
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Qixuan Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Jinshuai Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Meijun Meng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Sheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Lintao Zeng
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
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17
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Yang YM, Yan Y, Zhou JY, Huang CZ, Zhen SJ, Zhan L. Fe-doped carbon dots: a novel fluorescent nanoprobe for cellular hypochlorous acid imaging. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:511-518. [PMID: 38151695 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of hypochlorous acid (HClO) in biological systems is of great significance for exploring and regulating its pathological functions because abnormal production of HClO is closely related with many diseases, such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. Herein, we developed a reliable fluorescent Fe-doped carbon dots (Fe-CDs) for the sensitive and selective detection of biological HClO using ferrocenecarboxylic acid and m-phenylenediamine as precursors through a one-step solvothermal procedure. The Fe-CDs exhibited excellent a wide HClO detection range from 20 nmol/L to 1000 nmol/L with corresponding limits of detection at 7.8 nmol/L. The sensing mechanism is based on the chemical oxidation of the hydroxyl groups on the surface of Fe-CDs by HClO. In addition, Fe-CDs also displayed high photoluminescence yield, excitation-independence emission, as well as good biocompatibility, enabling the successful imaging of endogenous and exogenous HClO in HeLa cells. These results revealed that Fe-CDs holds great promise as a robust fluorescent probe for investigating HClO-mediated biological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical System (Southwest University), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Science and Technology Commission, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jia Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Shu Jun Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical System (Southwest University), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Science and Technology Commission, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Lei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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18
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Yu X, Huang Y, Tao Y, Fan L, Zhang Y. Mitochondria-targetable small molecule fluorescent probes for the detection of cancer-associated biomarkers: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1289:342060. [PMID: 38245195 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer represents a global threat to human health, and effective strategies for improved cancer early diagnosis and treatment are urgently needed. The detection of tumor biomarkers has been one of the important auxiliary means for tumor screening and diagnosis. Mitochondria are crucial subcellular organelles that produce most chemical energy used by cells, control metabolic processes, and maintain cell function. Evidence suggests the close involvement of mitochondria with cancer development. As a consequence, the identification of cancer-associated biomarker expression levels in mitochondria holds significant importance in the diagnosis of early-stage diseases and the monitoring of therapy efficacy. Small-molecule fluorescent probes are effective for the identification and visualization of bioactive entities within biological systems, owing to their heightened sensitivity, expeditious non-invasive analysis and real-time detection capacities. The design principles and sensing mechanisms of mitochondrial targeted fluorescent probes are summarized in this review. Additionally, the biomedical applications of these probes for detecting cancer-associated biomarkers are highlighted. The limitations and challenges of fluorescent probes in vivo are also considered and some future perspectives are provided. This review is expected to provide valuable insights for the future development of novel fluorescent probes for clinical imaging, thereby contributing to the advancement of cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, PR China
| | - Yunong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, PR China
| | - Yunqi Tao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, PR China
| | - Li Fan
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, PR China.
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19
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Fang J, Li X, Gao C, Gao S, Li W, Seidu MA, Zhou H. A unique phenothiazine-based fluorescent probe using benzothiazolium as a reactivity regulator for the specific detection of hypochlorite in drinking water and living organisms. Talanta 2024; 268:125299. [PMID: 37832451 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
As a common disinfectant and an essential reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypochlorite (ClO-) plays vital roles in both water treatment and cell metabolism, but its abnormal level can cause serious harm to human health. Therefore, quantifying ClO- level in drinking water and living organisms is extremely significant. Herein, we decorated different cationic heterocycles on phenothiazine core to construct three fluorescent probes for ClO-. According to the results, only benzothiazolium moiety reasonably adjusted the electron cloud density at sulfur atom of phenothiazine core for the specific oxidation with ClO-, thus endowing the prepared probe PT-BT with a perfect selectivity for ClO-. Meanwhile, PT-BT exhibited a low detection limit (38 nM) and a fast response (within 20 s) toward ClO-. Furthermore, this probe was utilized to fabricate a ready-to-use test strip, which could quantitatively measure ClO- level in real water samples by a portable smartphone sensing platform. Notably, PT-BT targeted mitochondria efficiently, and successfully visualized endogenous ClO- in living cells and zebrafish larvae. Especially, PT-BT was able to monitor the dynamic change of ClO- level in inflammatory mice. These results strongly manifested that probe PT-BT was a promising tool for detecting ClO- in drinking water and living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Shihao Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Mohammed Awal Seidu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongjun Zhou
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi Province, China; Shanxi Zhendong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi Province, China.
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20
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Yao L, Song H, Yin C, Huo F. An ICT-switched fluorescent probe for visualizing lipid and HClO in lipid droplets during ferroptosis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:835-838. [PMID: 38131382 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05679a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have designed and synthesized a fluorescent probe, LDs-ClO, which can detect hypochlorous acid and lipid accumulation simultaneously in lipid droplets of live RAW 264.7 cells. Cell ferroptosis was discovered to lead to an increase in HClO levels, and to possibly further stimulate accumulation of lipid. We expect the results of this work with LDs-ClO to promote the study of physiological and pathological processes related to lipid droplets and hypochlorite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yao
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hongjun Song
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Caixia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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21
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Xu J, Zhou X, He H, Li S, Ma C. A turn-on fluorescence strategy for hypochlorous acid detection based on DNAzyme-assisted cyclic signal amplification. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123243. [PMID: 37562215 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is a crucial active oxygen component and one of the innate immunity's barrier substances in the body. Abnormal fluctuations in HClO concentration can lead to increased oxidative stress, cellular dysfunction, and the onset of various diseases. Thus, developing convenient, affordable, efficient, and sensitive methods to monitor HClO concentration in healthcare and pathophysiology research is highly significant. In this study, we developed a novel fluorescence strategy for HClO detection based on nucleic acid oxidative cleavage and Pb2+-dependent DNAzyme. By introducing a phosphorothioate site in the hairpin-structured nucleic acid sequence, the nucleic acid probe specifically recognized HClO and underwent oxidative cleavage. Upon cleavage, the enzyme strand is liberated, forming DNAzyme. This DNAzyme then cleaves the substrate strand, liberating the initially quenched fluorescent dyes and generating a turn-on fluorescent signal. The enzyme strand produced by the oxidative cleavage of HClO can be repeatedly utilized, thus realizing the cyclic signal amplification to reduce background noise. We verified the detection mechanism of this strategy through stepwise fluorescence spectroscopy analysis and electrophoresis. Under optimal experimental conditions, the method achieved a detection limit of 5.38 nM and a linear range of 1 nM-800 nM. This method demonstrated exceptional performance in actual biological sample testing and presented an exciting opportunity for expanded utilization in clinical diagnosis and medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hailun He
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shanni Li
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Changbei Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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22
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Xu X, Qiu K, Tian Z, Aryal C, Rowan F, Chen R, Sun Y, Diao J. Probing the dynamic crosstalk of lysosomes and mitochondria with structured illumination microscopy. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 169:117370. [PMID: 37928815 PMCID: PMC10621629 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a super-resolution technology for imaging living cells and has been used for studying the dynamics of lysosomes and mitochondria. Recently, new probes and analyzing methods have been developed for SIM imaging, enabling the quantitative analysis of these subcellular structures and their interactions. This review provides an overview of the working principle and advances of SIM, as well as the organelle-targeting principles and types of fluorescence probes, including small molecules, metal complexes, nanoparticles, and fluorescent proteins. Additionally, quantitative methods based on organelle morphology and distribution are outlined. Finally, the review provides an outlook on the current challenges and future directions for improving the combination of SIM imaging and image analysis to further advance the study of organelles. We hope that this review will be useful for researchers working in the field of organelle research and help to facilitate the development of SIM imaging and analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqiong Xu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kangqiang Qiu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Zhiqi Tian
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Chinta Aryal
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Fiona Rowan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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23
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Liu XL, Yang X, Li L, Xie T, Zhang X, Yang T, Jiang D, Chen J, Chen Y, Cai L, Wang Y, Zhang P. An analyte-replacement near-infrared fluorogenic probe for ultrafast detection of hypochlorite in rheumatoid arthritis. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106757. [PMID: 37543016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Liang Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xue Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Tingfei Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Xiuwen Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Daoyong Jiang
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jihong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Yizhao Chen
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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24
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Chen R, Qiu K, Han G, Kundu BK, Ding G, Sun Y, Diao J. Quantifying cell viability through organelle ratiometric probing. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10236-10248. [PMID: 37772119 PMCID: PMC10530868 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01537h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Detecting cell viability is crucial in research involving the precancerous discovery of abnormal cells, the evaluation of treatments, and drug toxicity testing. Although conventional methods afford cumulative results regarding cell viability based on a great number of cells, they do not permit investigating cell viability at the single-cell level. In response, we rationally designed and synthesized a fluorescent probe, PCV-1, to visualize cell viability under the super-resolution technology of structured illumination microscopy. Given its sensitivity to mitochondrial membrane potential and affinity to DNA, PCV-1's ability to stain mitochondria and nucleoli was observed in live and dead cells, respectively. During cell injury induced by drug treatment, PCV-1's migration from mitochondria to the nucleolus was dynamically visualized at the single-cell level. By extension, harnessing PCV-1's excellent photostability and signal-to-noise ratio and by comparing the fluorescence intensity of the two organelles, mitochondria and nucleoli, we developed a powerful analytical assay named organelle ratiometric probing (ORP) that we applied to quantitatively analyze and efficiently assess the viability of individual cells, thereby enabling deeper insights into the potential mechanisms of cell death. In ORP analysis with PCV-1, we identified 0.3 as the cutoff point for assessing whether adding a given drug will cause apparent cytotoxicity, which greatly expands the probe's applicability. To the best of our knowledge, PCV-1 is the first probe to allow visualizing cell death and cell injury under super-resolution imaging, and our proposed analytical assay using it paves the way for quantifying cell viability at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Kangqiang Qiu
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45267 USA
| | - Guanqun Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Bidyut Kumar Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45267 USA
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25
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Cheng Y, Qu Z, Jiang Q, Xu T, Zheng H, Ye P, He M, Tong Y, Ma Y, Bao A. Functional Materials for Subcellular Targeting Strategies in Cancer Therapy: Progress and Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305095. [PMID: 37665594 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies have made significant progress in cancer treatment. However, tumor adjuvant therapy still faces challenges due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of cancer, genomic instability, and the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Functional materials possess unique biological properties such as long circulation times, tumor-specific targeting, and immunomodulation. The combination of functional materials with natural substances and nanotechnology has led to the development of smart biomaterials with multiple functions, high biocompatibilities, and negligible immunogenicities, which can be used for precise cancer treatment. Recently, subcellular structure-targeting functional materials have received particular attention in various biomedical applications including the diagnosis, sensing, and imaging of tumors and drug delivery. Subcellular organelle-targeting materials can precisely accumulate therapeutic agents in organelles, considerably reduce the threshold dosages of therapeutic agents, and minimize drug-related side effects. This review provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of the research progress in subcellular organelle-targeted cancer therapy based on functional nanomaterials. Moreover, it explains the challenges and prospects of subcellular organelle-targeting functional materials in precision oncology. The review will serve as an excellent cutting-edge guide for researchers in the field of subcellular organelle-targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Qu
- Department of Blood Transfusion Research, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), HUST-WHBC United Hematology Optical Imaging Center, No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion Research, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), HUST-WHBC United Hematology Optical Imaging Center, No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Hongyun Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Mingdi He
- Department of Blood Transfusion Research, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), HUST-WHBC United Hematology Optical Imaging Center, No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Blood Transfusion Research, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), HUST-WHBC United Hematology Optical Imaging Center, No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Anyu Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
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26
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Suna G, Erdemir E, Gunduz S, Ozturk T, Karakuş E. Monitoring of Hypochlorite Level in Fruits, Vegetables, and Dairy Products: A BODIPY-Based Fluorescent Probe for the Rapid and Highly Selective Detection of Hypochlorite. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22984-22991. [PMID: 37396205 PMCID: PMC10308583 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorite/hypochlorous acid (ClO-/HOCl), among the diverse reactive oxygen species, plays a vital role in various biological processes. Besides, ClO- is widely known as a sanitizer for fruits, vegetables, and fresh-cut produce, killing bacteria and pathogens. However, excessive level of ClO- can lead to the oxidation of biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, threatening vital organs. Therefore, reliable and effective methods are of utmost importance to monitor trace amounts of ClO-. In this work, a novel BODIPY-based fluorescent probe bearing thiophene and a malononitrile moiety (BOD-CN) was designed and constructed to efficiently detect ClO-, which exhibited distinct features such as excellent selectivity, sensitivity (LOD = 83.3 nM), and rapid response (<30 s). Importantly, the probe successfully detected ClO- in various spiked water, milk, vegetable, and fruit samples. In all, BOD-CN offers a clearly promising approach to describe the quality of ClO--added dairy products, water, fresh vegetables, and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garen Suna
- Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological
Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology
Institute (TUBITAK UME), 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department
of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Erdemir
- Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological
Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology
Institute (TUBITAK UME), 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Istanbul
University, 34134 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Simay Gunduz
- Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological
Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology
Institute (TUBITAK UME), 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological
Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology
Institute (TUBITAK UME), 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department
of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erman Karakuş
- Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological
Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology
Institute (TUBITAK UME), 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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27
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Mao Z, Rha H, Kim J, You X, Zhang F, Tao W, Kim JS. THQ-Xanthene: An Emerging Strategy to Create Next-Generation NIR-I/II Fluorophores. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301177. [PMID: 37114796 PMCID: PMC10288261 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared fluorescence imaging is vital for exploring the biological world. The short emissions (<650 nm) and small Stokes shifts (<30 nm) of current xanthene dyes obstruct their biological applications since a long time. Recently, a potent and universal THQ structural modification technique that shifts emission to the NIR-I/II range and enables a substantial Stokes shift (>100 nm) for THQ-modified xanthene dyes is established. Thus, a timely discussion of THQ-xanthene and its applications is extensive. Hence, the advent, working principles, development trajectory, and biological applications of THQ-xanthene dyes, especially in the fields of fluorescence probe-based sensing and imaging, cancer theranostics, and super-resolution imaging, are introduced. It is envisioned that the THQ modification tactic is a simple yet exceptional approach to upgrade the performance of conventional xanthene dyes. THQ-xanthene will advance the strides of xanthene-based potentials in early fluorescent diagnosis of diseases, cancer theranostics, and imaging-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Mao
- College of Health Science and EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHubei UniversityWuhan430062China
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841South Korea
| | - Hyeonji Rha
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841South Korea
| | - Jungryun Kim
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841South Korea
| | - Xinru You
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Health Science and EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHubei UniversityWuhan430062China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841South Korea
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28
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Yang X, Zhang S, Lai M, Ji X, Ye Y, Tang J, Liu X, Zhao M. Fluorescent probes for lighting up ferroptotic cell death: A review. Talanta 2023; 260:124628. [PMID: 37149940 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of regulated cellular demise, characterized by the accumulation of intracellular oxidative stress that is dependent on iron. Ferroptosis plays a crucial role not only in the development and treatment of tumors but also in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and illnesses related to ischemia-reperfusion injury. This mode of cell death possesses distinctive properties that differentiate it from other forms of cell death, including unique morphological changes at both the cellular and subcellular levels, as well as molecular features that can be detected using specific methods. The use of fluorescent probes has become an invaluable means of detecting ferroptosis, owing to their high sensitivity, real-time in situ monitoring capabilities, and minimal damage to biological samples. This review comprehensively elucidates the physiological mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, while also detailing the development of fluorescent probes capable of detecting ferroptosis-related active species across various cellular compartments, including organelles, the nucleus, and the cell membrane. Additionally, the review explores how the dynamic changes and location of active species from different cellular compartments can influence the ignition and execution of ferroptotic cell death. Finally, we discuss the future challenges and opportunities for imaging ferroptosis. We believe that this review will not only aid in the elucidation of ferroptosis's physiological mechanisms but also facilitate the identification of novel treatment targets and means of accurately diagnosing and treating ferroptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Yang
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering&Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering&Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Miao Lai
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering&Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering&Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Yong Ye
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Jun Tang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Sanmenxia City Company of Henan Provincial Tobacco Company, Sanmenxia, 472000, China
| | - Mingqin Zhao
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering&Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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29
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Chen R, Wang L, Ding G, Han G, Qiu K, Sun Y, Diao J. Constant Conversion Rate of Endolysosomes Revealed by a pH-Sensitive Fluorescent Probe. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2068-2078. [PMID: 37141429 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Endolysosome dynamics plays an important role in autophagosome biogenesis. Hence, imaging the subcellular dynamics of endolysosomes using high-resolution fluorescent imaging techniques would deepen our understanding of autophagy and benefit the development of pharmaceuticals against endosome-related diseases. Taking advantage of the intramolecular charge-transfer mechanism, herein we report a cationic quinolinium-based fluorescent probe (PyQPMe) that exhibits excellent pH-sensitive fluorescence in endolysosomes at different stages of interest. A systematic photophysical and computational study on PyQPMe was carried out to rationalize its highly pH-dependent absorption and emission spectra. The large Stokes shift and strong fluorescence intensity of PyQPMe can effectively reduce the background noise caused by excitation light and microenvironments and provide a high signal-to-noise ratio for high-resolution imaging of endolysosomes. By applying PyQPMe as a small molecular probe in live cells, we were able to reveal a constant conversion rate from early endosomes to late endosomes/lysosomes during autophagy at the submicron level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Guanqun Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Kangqiang Qiu
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
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30
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Chen R, Qiu K, Han G, Kundu BK, Ding G, Sun Y, Diao J. Quantifying cell viability through organelle ratiometric probing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.26.538448. [PMID: 37163053 PMCID: PMC10168353 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.26.538448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Detecting cell viability is crucial in research involving the precancerous discovery of abnormal cells, the evaluation of treatments, and drug toxicity testing. Although conventional methods afford cumulative results regarding cell viability based on a great number of cells, they do not permit investigating cell viability at the single-cell level. In response, we rationally designed and synthesized a fluorescent probe, PCV-1, to visualize cell viability under the super-resolution technology of structured illumination microscopy. Given its sensitivity to mitochondrial membrane potential and affinity to DNA, PCV-1's ability to stain mitochondria and nucleoli was observed in live and dead cells, respectively. During cell injury induced by drug treatment, PCV-1's migration from mitochondria to the nucleolus was dynamically visualized at the single-cell level. By extension, harnessing PCV-1's excellent photostability and signal-to-noise ratio and by comparing the fluorescence intensity of the two organelles, mitochondria and nucleoli, we developed a powerful analytical assay named organelle ratiometric probing (ORP) that we applied to quantitatively analyze and efficiently assess the viability of individual cells, thereby enabling deeper insights into the potential mechanisms of cell death. In ORP analysis with PCV-1, we identified 0.3 as the cutoff point for assessing whether adding a given drug will cause apparent cytotoxicity, which greatly expands the probe's applicability. To the best of our knowledge, PCV-1 is the first probe to allow visualizing cell death and cell injury under super-resolution imaging, and our proposed analytical assay using it paves the way for quantifying cell viability at the single-cell level.
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31
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Ying A, Ying L. A new hydrocyanine probe for imaging reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria of live cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 87:129262. [PMID: 37001568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
A new hydrocyanine probe containing a ROS-responsive element and a mitochondrial-targeting moiety, as well as a thiol-reactive chloromethyl group, has been designed for imaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria of live cells. This hydrocyanine probe is cell-permeable, selectively targets mitochondria and responds to superoxide and hydroxyl radical, and can be used for detection of ROS production in the mitochondria of live cells caused by an oxidative stress.
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