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Jiang D, Qi R, Wu S, Li Y, Liu J. Polyoxometalate functionalized magnetic metal-organic framework with multi-affinity sites for efficient enrichment of phosphopeptides. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:4289-4299. [PMID: 38839685 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The reasonable design of metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived nanomaterial has important meaning in increasing the enrichment efficiency in the study of protein phosphorylation. In this work, a polyoxometalate (POM) functionalized magnetic MOF nanomaterial (Fe3O4@MIL-125-POM) was designed and fabricated. The nanomaterial with multi-affinity sites (unsaturated metal sites and metal oxide clusters) was used for the enrichment of phosphopeptides. Fe3O4@MIL-125-POM had high-efficient enrichment performance towards phosphopeptides (selectivity, a mass ratio of bovine serum albumin/α-casein/β-casein at 5000:1:1; sensitivity, 0.1 fmol; satisfactory repeatability, ten times). Furthermore, Fe3O4@MIL-125-POM was employed to enrich phosphopeptides from non-fat milk digests, saliva, serum, and A549 cell lysate. The enrichment results illustrated the great potential of Fe3O4@MIL-125-POM for efficient identification of low-abundance phosphopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jiang
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Centre of Lithium-Sulfur Battery Energy Storage, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, PR China.
| | - Ruixue Qi
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Centre of Lithium-Sulfur Battery Energy Storage, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Siyu Wu
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Centre of Lithium-Sulfur Battery Energy Storage, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Centre of Lithium-Sulfur Battery Energy Storage, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Jinghai Liu
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Centre of Lithium-Sulfur Battery Energy Storage, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
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2
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Zhang W, Xu Z, Zhang X, Yan Y, Deng C, Sun N. A non-targeting magnetic metal-organic framework probe for highly specific peptide-mediated precise disease monitoring. Talanta 2024; 274:125948. [PMID: 38547837 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a universal neurodegenerative disease in older adults with incurable and progressive properties, urging for precise monitoring to perform timely treatment to delay its progression. Herein, we introduced a non-targeting magnetic metal-organic framework probe coupled with high-throughput mass spectrometry, creating a rapid screening strategy for highly specific peptides associated with AD. Notably, an elution-free extraction process was proposed, significantly reducing sample preprocessing time while simultaneously ensuring the efficient detection of captured peptides. Using this elution-free extraction process, high-quality peptide profiles were rapidly extracted from the hundreds of samples from both diseased and healthy individuals. By integrating machine learning algorithms, LC-MS/MS, and Uniprot database searching, we identified three specific serum endogenous peptides (m/z = 4215.41, 2884.77 and 2704.61) closely associated with AD. Remarkably, with the use of any single specific peptide, the AUC (Area Under the Curve) values can reach approximately 0.9 during monitoring AD. Moreover, integrating three specific biomarkers provides a robust basis for machine learning algorithms to build monitoring models, with AUC value up to 1.000. This work represents a substantial advancement in the development of peptide-specific precise monitoring approaches for complex diseases, serving as a catalyst for increased dedication to the molecular detection field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zixing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yinghua Yan
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Chunhui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Nianrong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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3
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Jiang D, Qi R, Wu S, Li Y, Liu J. Zirconium-rich magnetic polyoxometalate-based metal-organic framework: Tailored for phosphopeptide analysis from lung cancer A549 cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 663:123-131. [PMID: 38394817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Polyoxometalate-based metal-organic frameworks (POMOFs) have become a promising affinity material for separation and enrichment. The analysis of protein phosphorylation represents a challenge for the development of efficient enrichment materials. Here, a novel zirconium-rich magnetic POMOF was successfully designed and prepared for the enrichment of phosphopeptides. The binding affinity of the nanomaterial partly came from Fe-O clusters in the MOF. The Lewis acid-base interactions between V-O clusters and zirconium ions in V10O28-Zr4+ and phosphate groups in phosphopeptides further strengthened the enrichment ability. The zirconium-rich magnetic POMOF was employed to capture phosphopeptides from non-fat milk, human saliva, and serum. Additionally, 748 unique phosphopeptide peaks were detected from the tryptic digests of lung cancer A549 cell proteins with a high specificity (86.9 %). POMOFs will become an active competitor for the design of protein affinity materials and will provide a new approach for phosphopeptide analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, PR China.
| | - Ruixue Qi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, PR China
| | - Siyu Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, PR China
| | - Yangyang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, PR China
| | - Jinghai Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, PR China
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Jiang D, Wu S, Li Y, Qi R, Liu J. Enrichment of Phosphopeptides Based on Zirconium Phthalocyanine-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2143-2150. [PMID: 38442336 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Highly selective extraction of phosphopeptides is necessary before mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Herein, zirconium phthalocyanine-modified magnetic nanoparticles were prepared through a simple method. The Fe-O groups on Fe3O4 and the zirconium ions on phthalocyanine had a strong affinity for phosphopeptides based on immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC). The enrichment platform exhibited low detection limit (0.01 fmol), high selectivity (α-/β-casein/bovine serum albumin, 1/1/5000), good reusability (10 circles), and recovery (91.1 ± 1.1%) toward phosphopeptides. Nonfat milk, human serum, saliva, and A549 cell lysate were employed as actual samples to assess the applicability of the enrichment protocol. Metallo-phthalocyanine will be a competitive compound for designing highly efficient adsorbents and offers a new approach to phosphopeptide analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Qi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, P. R. China
| | - Jinghai Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, P. R. China
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Li J, Li N, Hou Y, Fan M, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Dang F. Facile fabrication of Ti 4+-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles by phase-transitioned lysozyme nanofilms for enrichment of phosphopeptides. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1657-1665. [PMID: 38319356 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In this study, titanium (IV)-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles (Ti4+-PTL-MNPs) were firstly synthesized via a one-step aqueous self-assembly of lysozyme nanofilms for efficient phosphopeptide enrichment. Under physiological conditions, lysozymes readily self-organized into phase-transitioned lysozyme (PTL) nanofilms on Fe3O4@SiO2 and Fe3O4@C MNP surfaces with abundant functional groups, including -NH2, -COOH, -OH, and -SH, which can be used as multiple linkers to efficiently chelate Ti4+. The obtained Ti4+-PTL-MNPs possessed high sensitivity of 0.01 fmol μL-1 and remarkable selectivity even at a mass ratio of β-casein to BSA as low as 1:400 for phosphopeptide enrichment. Furthermore, the synthesized Ti4+-PTL-MNPs can also selectively identify low-abundance phosphopeptides from extremely complicated human serum samples and their rapid separation, good reproducibility, and excellent recovery were also proven. This one-step self-assembly of PTL nanofilms facilitated the facile and efficient surface functionalization of various nanoparticles for proteomes/peptidomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Nan Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Yawen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Miao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yuxiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Fuquan Dang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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Xiong F, Zhang T, Ma J, Jia Q. Dual-ligand hydrogen-bonded organic framework: Tailored for mono-phosphopeptides and glycopeptides analysis. Talanta 2024; 266:125068. [PMID: 37574607 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have emerged as a promising class of materials for applications of separation and enrichment. Utilizing multiple-ligands to construct HOFs is a promising avenue towards the development of structurally stable and functionally diverse frameworks, offering opportunities to create customized binding sites for selective recognition of biomolecules. In recent years, due to the crucial role that protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) play in maintaining protein function and regulating signaling pathways, and the growing recognition of the extensive cross-talk that can occur between PTMs, simultaneous analysis of different types of PTMs represents a requirement of a new generation of enrichment materials. Here, for the first attempt, we report a dual-ligand HOF constructed from borate anion and guanidinium cation for the simultaneous identification of glycopeptides and phosphopeptides, especially mono-phosphopeptides. According to theoretical calculations, the HOF functional sites display a synergistic "matching" effect with mono-phosphopeptides, resulting in a stronger enrichment effect for mono-phosphopeptides as compared to multi-phosphopeptides. Also, due to its high hydrophilicity and boronate affinity, this material can efficiently capture glycoproteins. HOF is set to become an active research direction in the development of highly efficient simultaneous protein enrichment materials, and offers a new approach for comprehensive PTMs analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Xiong
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Te Zhang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jiutong Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qiong Jia
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Jiang D, Qi R, Lv S, Wu S, Li Y, Liu J. Preparation of high-efficiency titanium ion immobilized magnetic graphite nitride nanocomposite for phosphopeptide enrichment. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1283:341974. [PMID: 37977792 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein phosphorylation has been implicated in life processes including molecular interaction, protein structure transformation, and malignant disease. An in-depth study of protein phosphorylation may provide vital information for the discovery of early biomarkers. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques have become an important method for phosphopeptide identification. Nevertheless, direct detection remains challenging because of the low ionization efficiency of phosphopeptides and serious interference from non-phosphopeptides. There is a great need for an efficient enrichment strategy to analyze protein phosphorylation prior to MS analysis. RESULTS In this study, a novel nanocomposite was prepared by introducing titanium ions into two-dimensional magnetic graphite nitride. The nanocomposite was combined with immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) and anion-exchange chromatography mechanisms for phosphoproteome research. The nanocomposite had the advantages of a large specific surface (412.9 m2 g-1), positive electricity (175.44 mV), and excellent magnetic property (35.7 emu g-1). Moreover, it presented satisfactory selectivity (α-casein:β-casein:bovine serum albumin = 1:1:5000), a low detection limit (0.02 fmol), great recyclability (10 cycles), and high recovery (92.8%). The nanocomposite demonstrated great practicability for phosphopeptides from non-fat milk, human serum, and saliva. Further, the nanocomposite was applied to enrich phosphopeptides from a more complicated specimen, A549 cell lysate. A total of 890 phosphopeptides mapping to 564 phosphoproteins were successfully detected with nano LC-MS. SIGNIFICANCE We successfully designed and developed an efficient analysis platform for phosphopeptides, which includes protein digestion, phosphopeptide enrichment, and MS detection. The MS-based enrichment platform was further used to analyze phosphopeptides from complicated bio-samples. This work paves the way for the design and preparation of graphite nitride-based IMAC materials for phosphoproteome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, PR China.
| | - Ruixue Qi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Siqi Lv
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Siyu Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Yangyang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Jinghai Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
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Wang D, Huang J, Zhang H, Gu TJ, Li L. Cotton Ti-IMAC: Developing Phosphorylated Cotton as a Novel Platform for Phosphopeptide Enrichment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47893-47901. [PMID: 37812448 PMCID: PMC10730235 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is an important post-translational modification (PTM), which is involved in many important cellular functions. Understanding protein phosphorylation at the molecular level is critical to deciphering its relevant biological processes and signaling networks. Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a powerful tool for the comprehensive profiling of protein phosphorylation. Yet the low ionization efficiency and low abundance of phosphopeptides among complex biological samples make its MS analysis challenging; an enrichment strategy with high efficiency and selectivity is always necessary prior to MS analysis. In this study, we developed a phosphorylated cotton-fiber-based Ti(IV)-IMAC material (termed as Cotton Ti-IMAC) that can serve as a novel platform for phosphopeptide enrichment. The cotton fiber can be effectively grafted with phosphate groups covalently in a single step, where the titanium ions can then be immobilized to enable capturing phosphopeptides. The material can be prepared using cost-effective reagents within only 4 h. Benefiting from the flexibility and filterability of cotton fibers, the material can be easily packed as a spin-tip and make the enrichment process convenient. Cotton Ti-IMAC successfully enriched phosphopeptides from protein standard digests and exhibited a high selectivity (BSA/β-casein = 1000:1) and excellent sensitivity (0.1 fmol/μL). Moreover, 2354 phosphopeptides were profiled in one LC-MS/MS injection after enriching from only 100 μg of HeLa cell digests with an enrichment specificity of up to 97.51%. Taken together, we believe that Cotton Ti-IMAC can serve as a widely applicable and robust platform for achieving large-scale phosphopeptide enrichment and expanding our knowledge of phosphoproteomics in complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Junfeng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510005, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ting-Jia Gu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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9
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Li M, Xiong Y, Qing G. Innovative Chemical Tools to Address Analytical Challenges of Protein Phosphorylation and Glycosylation. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2514-2525. [PMID: 37638729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P. R. China
| | - Guangyan Qing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
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