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Zheng M, Zheng T, Huan Z, Li C, Li X, Wang M. Sampling-rate calibration vs. equilibrium calibration for in vivo solid-phase microextraction: Analysis of neonicotinoids in bananas. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465152. [PMID: 39003980 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
In vivo solid-phase microextraction (in vivo SPME) is an emerging fascinating sample pretreatment technique, but its quantitative correction method is different from the traditional correction methods, which has become a bottleneck limiting its development. At present, the sampling-rate calibration and equilibrium calibration are mainly used, however, their characteristics and applicability are not clear. In this study, the sampling-rate calibration and equilibrium calibration were evaluated in the case of the determination of neonicotinoids in bananas by in vivo SPME. The factors that affect the sampling rate (Rs), such as the matrix states, sampling durations, and individual differences were studied, and they all had impacts on Rs. Conversely, the equilibrium distribution coefficient (Kfs) remained constant after extraction equilibrium and the individual differences were smaller. The highest accuracy and precision were achieved by equilibrium calibration, and the relative recoveries were in the range of 83.2 %-104.3 % with the relative standard deviations below 8.1 % compared to a standard QuEChERS-based method. The lower limits of quantification for 4 neonicotinoids in bananas were below 5 ng g-1, lower than the standard method and the maximum residue levels in China and the European Union. This work clarifies the characteristics, rules and performance of the sampling-rate calibration and equilibrium calibration, which is of crucial importance for the development and application of in vivo SPME. The developed method is convenient, sensitive, and accurate for the determination of pesticide residues, which is of great significance to guide the safe use of pesticides in the field and prevent products with excessive pesticide residues from entering the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Zheng
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, 430070, China; Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Tengfei Zheng
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, 430070, China; Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Zhibo Huan
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Chunli Li
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, 571101, China.
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Murtada K, Pawliszyn J. Evaluation of thin film microextraction based on graphene oxide/ polymer composite: Experimental and theoretical insights. Talanta 2024; 274:126032. [PMID: 38581851 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical assessments of a graphene oxide-based polymer as adsorbent for thin film microextraction (TFME) were conducted as part of this research. Graphene oxide (GO) was embedded in the organic polymer poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (PS-DVB) to prepare a sorbent suitable for direct-immersion TFME. A TFME membrane coating prepared with the GO/PS-DVB sorbent and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as binder was then applied for extraction of organic pollutants from aqueous and gaseous samples. The surface morphology of the TFME coating was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Various TFME parameters influencing extraction efficiency, such as extraction time and temperature, desorption temperature, and ionic strength, were investigated and optimized. In a comparison of TFME membranes, the GO/PS-DVB/PDMS TFME membrane was shown to yield higher extraction efficiencies for the targeted analytes than the pure PDMS and DVB/PDMS TFME membranes. The calibration graphs of the organic pollutants displayed linearity for most of the target analytes within the 10-2000 ng L-1 concentration range. The repeatability (RSD %, n = 5) and reproducibility (RSD %, n = 3) of the method were in the ranges of 2.2-5.9 %, and 3.2-8.5 %, respectively, at a concentration level of 500 ng L-1, whereas accuracy (%) ranged between 79.8 and 119 %. The developed method was successfully applied for determinations of organic pollutants in tap water, lake water, and wastewater samples. Furthermore, the impact of mass transfer kinetics on extractions by the GO/PS-DVB/PDMS TFME membrane from gaseous samples was theoretically discussed and experimentally verified. The results of this work demonstrate that the GO/PS-DVB/PDMS TFME method is a simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for pre-treatment of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Murtada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Zhou W, Hu K, Wang Y, Jiang RW, Pawliszyn J. Embedding Mixed Sorbents in Binder: Solid-Phase Microextraction Coating with Wide Extraction Coverage and Its Application in Environmental Water Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:771-779. [PMID: 38127806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a simple and highly effective sample-preparation technique for water analysis. However, the extraction coverage of a given SPME device with a specific coating can be an issue when analyzing multiple environmental contaminants. Therefore, instead of synthesizing one sorbent material with dual or multiple functions, we investigated a new strategy of preparing SPME blades using a homogeneous slurry made by mixing three different sorbent particles─namely, hydrophobic/lipophilic balanced (HLB), HLB-weak cationic exchange (HLB-WCX), and HLB-weak anionic exchange (HLB-WAX)─with a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) binder. The developed coating is matrix compatible, as the binder functions not only as a glue for immobilizing the sorbent particles but also as a porous filter, which only allows small molecules to enter the pores and interact with the particles, thus avoiding contamination from large elements. The results confirmed that the proposed mixed-coating SPME device provides good extraction performance for polar and nonpolar as well as positively and negatively charged compounds. Based on this device, three comprehensive analytical methodologies─high-throughput SPME-LC-MS/MS (for the quantitative analysis of targeted drugs of abuse and artificial sweeteners), in-bottle SPME-LC-high resolution MS (HRMS) (for the untargeted screening of organic contaminants), and on-site drone sampling SPME-LC-HRMS (for on-site sampling and untargeted screening)─were developed for use in environmental water analysis. The resultant data confirm that the proposed strategies enable comprehensive water quality assessment by using a single SPME device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yuanpeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Runshan Will Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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