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Maeki M, Ito S, Takeda R, Ueno G, Ishida A, Tani H, Yamamoto M, Tokeshi M. Room-temperature crystallography using a microfluidic protein crystal array device and its application to protein-ligand complex structure analysis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9072-9087. [PMID: 34094189 PMCID: PMC8162031 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02117b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Room-temperature (RT) protein crystallography provides significant information to elucidate protein function under physiological conditions. In particular, contrary to typical binding assays, X-ray crystal structure analysis of a protein–ligand complex can determine the three-dimensional (3D) configuration of its binding site. This allows the development of effective drugs by structure-based and fragment-based (FBDD) drug design. However, RT crystallography and RT crystallography-based protein–ligand complex analyses require the preparation and measurement of numerous crystals to avoid the X-ray radiation damage. Thus, for the application of RT crystallography to protein–ligand complex analysis, the simultaneous preparation of protein–ligand complex crystals and sequential X-ray diffraction measurement remain challenging. Here, we report an RT crystallography technique using a microfluidic protein crystal array device for protein–ligand complex structure analysis. We demonstrate the microfluidic sorting of protein crystals into microwells without any complicated procedures and apparatus, whereby the sorted protein crystals are fixed into microwells and sequentially measured to collect X-ray diffraction data. This is followed by automatic data processing to calculate the 3D protein structure. The microfluidic device allows the high-throughput preparation of the protein–ligand complex solely by the replacement of the microchannel content with the required ligand solution. We determined eight trypsin–ligand complex structures for the proof of concept experiment and found differences in the ligand coordination of the corresponding RT and conventional cryogenic structures. This methodology can be applied to easily obtain more natural structures. Moreover, drug development by FBDD could be more effective using the proposed methodology. Room temperature protein crystallography and its application to protein–ligand complex structure analysis was demonstrated using a microfluidic protein crystal array device.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Maeki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6744.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| | - Sho Ito
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori Ako Hyogo 678-1297 Japan.,ROD (Single Crystal Analysis) Group, Application Laboratories, Rigaku Corporation 3-9-12 Matubara-cho Akishima Tokyo 196-8666 Japan
| | - Reo Takeda
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Go Ueno
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishida
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6744
| | - Hirofumi Tani
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6744
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5148 Japan.,Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori Ako Hyogo 678-1297 Japan
| | - Manabu Tokeshi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6744
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2
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Maeki M, Yamazaki S, Takeda R, Ishida A, Tani H, Tokeshi M. Real-Time Measurement of Protein Crystal Growth Rates within the Microfluidic Device to Understand the Microspace Effect. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:17199-17206. [PMID: 32715205 PMCID: PMC7376889 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of high-quality protein crystals is a major challenge in protein crystallography. Natural convection is considered to be an uncontrollable factor of the crystallization process at the ground level as it disturbs the concentration gradient around the growing crystal, resulting in lower-quality crystals. A microfluidic environment expects an imitated microgravity environment because of the small Gr number. However, the mechanism of protein crystal growth in the microfluidic device was not elucidated due to limitations in measuring the crystal growth process within the device. Here, we demonstrate the real-time measurement of protein crystal growth rates within the microfluidic devices by laser confocal microscopy with differential interference contrast microscopy (LCM-DIM) at the nanometer scale. We confirmed the normal growth rates in the 20 and 30 μm-deep microfluidic device to be 42.2 and 536 nm/min, respectively. In addition, the growth rate of crystals in the 20 μm-deep microfluidic device was almost the same as that reported in microgravity conditions. This phenomenon may enable the development of more accessible alternatives to the microgravity environment of the International Space Station.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Maeki
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamazaki
- Graduate
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Reo Takeda
- Graduate
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishida
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tani
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Manabu Tokeshi
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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Hejazian M, Darmanin C, Balaur E, Abbey B. Mixing and jetting analysis using continuous flow microfluidic sample delivery devices. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15694-15701. [PMID: 35493684 PMCID: PMC9052392 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) methods used at X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) offer a range of new opportunities for structural biology. A crucial component of SFX experiments is sample delivery. Microfluidic devices can be employed in SFX experiments to precisely deliver microcrystals to the X-ray beam and to trigger molecular dynamics via rapid mix-and-inject measurements. Here, for the first time, we have developed a process based on high-resolution photolithography using SU8 on glass to fabricate microfluidic mix-and-inject devices. In order to characterise these devices a broad range of flow rates are used and the mixing and jetting response of the devices monitored. We observe that a stable jet is formed using these devices when injecting DI-water. Three different jetting regimes, liquid column, ribbon, and cylindrical jet, were observed. Furthermore, fluorescence experiments confirm that rapid and uniform mixing of the two injected solutions is possible using these devices indicating that they could be used to probe molecular dynamics on sub-microsecond timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Hejazian
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Connie Darmanin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Eugeniu Balaur
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Brian Abbey
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University VIC 3086 Australia
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4
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Song K, Li G, Zu X, Du Z, Liu L, Hu Z. The Fabrication and Application Mechanism of Microfluidic Systems for High Throughput Biomedical Screening: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E297. [PMID: 32168977 PMCID: PMC7143183 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems have been widely explored based on microfluidic technology, and it has been widely used for biomedical screening. The key parts are the fabrication of the base scaffold, the construction of the matrix environment in the 3D system, and the application mechanism. In recent years, a variety of new materials have emerged, meanwhile, some new technologies have been developed. In this review, we highlight the properties of high throughput and the biomedical application of the microfluidic chip and focus on the recent progress of the fabrication and application mechanism. The emergence of various biocompatible materials has provided more available raw materials for microfluidic chips. The material is not confined to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the extracellular microenvironment is not limited by a natural matrix. The mechanism is also developed in diverse ways, including its special physical structure and external field effects, such as dielectrophoresis, magnetophoresis, and acoustophoresis. Furthermore, the cell/organ-based microfluidic system provides a new platform for drug screening due to imitating the anatomic and physiologic properties in vivo. Although microfluidic technology is currently mostly in the laboratory stage, it has great potential for commercial applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kena Song
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, He’nan 471023, China; (K.S.); (X.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Guoqiang Li
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (G.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Xiangyang Zu
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, He’nan 471023, China; (K.S.); (X.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhe Du
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, He’nan 471023, China; (K.S.); (X.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Liyu Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (G.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Zhigang Hu
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, He’nan 471023, China; (K.S.); (X.Z.); (Z.D.)
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5
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Candoni N, Grossier R, Lagaize M, Veesler S. Advances in the Use of Microfluidics to Study Crystallization Fundamentals. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2019; 10:59-83. [PMID: 31018097 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review compares droplet-based microfluidic systems used to study crystallization fundamentals in chemistry and biology. An original high-throughput droplet-based microfluidic platform is presented. It uses nanoliter droplets, generates a chemical library, and directly solubilizes powder, thus economizing both material and time. It is compatible with all solvents without the need for surfactant. Its flexibility permits phase diagram determination and crystallization studies (screening and optimizing experiments) and makes it easy to use for nonspecialists in microfluidics. Moreover, it allows concentration measurement via ultraviolet spectroscopy and solid characterization via X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Candoni
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France; , , ,
| | - Romain Grossier
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France; , , ,
| | - Mehdi Lagaize
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France; , , ,
| | - Stéphane Veesler
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France; , , ,
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6
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Microfluidic Technologies and Platforms for Protein Crystallography. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6229-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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7
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Mawatari K, Koreeda H, Ohara K, Kohara S, Yoshida K, Yamaguchi T, Kitamori T. Nano X-ray diffractometry device for nanofluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1259-1264. [PMID: 29594269 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanofluidics is gaining attention because it has unique liquid and fluidic properties that are not observed in microfluidics. It has been reported that many liquid properties change when the size of a fluidic channel is reduced below 500-800 nm. To discuss the underlying mechanism, information on the microscopic liquid structure must be obtained (e.g., by X-ray diffractometry). However, the very small volume (attoliters to femtoliters) of a nanochannel and the large volume of its glass substrate prevent measurement of signals from the nanochannel liquid. In this study, we report a novel nanofluidic device that can be used in conjunction with X-ray diffractometry to analyze the structure of water confined in nanochannels. Top-down and bottom-up micro- and nano-fabrication processes were established, and the substrate thickness of the measurement area was reduced to only 2.7 μm, which was almost 1000 times smaller than that of conventional substrates (millimeter scale). With this new device, X-ray diffraction signals were clearly observed in nanochannels 500 nm wide and deep. Based on the X-ray diffraction pattern, the radial distribution function was calculated, which showed a structure nearly similar to that of a bulk sample. Therefore, X-ray diffractometry in nanochannels was realized. This method will provide important information on how a liquid behaves when confined in a nanospace and contribute to chemistry and biology on scales of 10-100 nm (e.g., inter- and intra-cellular spaces). It is also important for designing chemical reactions and fluidic circuits in nanochannels for realizing highly functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Mawatari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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8
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Denz M, Brehm G, Hémonnot CYJ, Spears H, Wittmeier A, Cassini C, Saldanha O, Perego E, Diaz A, Burghammer M, Köster S. Cyclic olefin copolymer as an X-ray compatible material for microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 18:171-178. [PMID: 29210424 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00824d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The combination of microfluidics and X-ray methods attracts a lot of attention from researchers as it brings together the high controllability of microfluidic sample environments and the small length scales probed by X-rays. In particular, the fields of biophysics and biology have benefited enormously from such approaches. We introduce a straightforward fabrication method for X-ray compatible microfluidic devices made solely from cyclic olefin copolymers. We benchmark the performance of the devices against other devices including more commonly used Kapton windows and obtain data of equal quality using small angle X-ray scattering. An advantage of the devices presented here is that no gluing between interfaces is necessary, rendering the production very reliable. As a biophysical application, we investigate the early time points of the assembly of vimentin intermediate filament proteins into higher-order structures. This weakly scattering protein system leads to high quality data in the new devices, thus opening up the way for numerous future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Denz
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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9
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Gerard CJJ, Ferry G, Vuillard LM, Boutin JA, Chavas LMG, Huet T, Ferte N, Grossier R, Candoni N, Veesler S. Crystallization via tubing microfluidics permits both in situ and ex situ X-ray diffraction. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:574-578. [PMID: 28994406 PMCID: PMC5633925 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17013826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A microfluidic platform was used to address the problems of obtaining diffraction-quality crystals and crystal handling during transfer to the X-ray diffractometer. Crystallization conditions of a protein of pharmaceutical interest were optimized and X-ray data were collected both in situ and ex situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline J. J. Gerard
- CINaM–CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
| | - Gilles Ferry
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurent M. Vuillard
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean A. Boutin
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Tiphaine Huet
- PROXIMA-1, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nathalie Ferte
- CINaM–CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
| | - Romain Grossier
- CINaM–CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
| | - Nadine Candoni
- CINaM–CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
| | - Stéphane Veesler
- CINaM–CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
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10
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Shi HH, Xiao Y, Ferguson S, Huang X, Wang N, Hao HX. Progress of crystallization in microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2167-2185. [PMID: 28585942 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01225f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology provides a unique environment for the investigation of crystallization processes at the nano or meso scale. The convenient operation and precise control of process parameters, at these scales of operation enabled by microfluidic devices, are attracting significant and increasing attention in the field of crystallization. In this paper, developments and applications of microfluidics in crystallization research including: crystal nucleation and growth, polymorph and cocrystal screening, preparation of nanocrystals, solubility and metastable zone determination, are summarized and discussed. The materials used in the construction and the structure of these microfluidic devices are also summarized and methods for measuring and modelling crystal nucleation and growth process as well as the enabling analytical methods are also briefly introduced. The low material consumption, high efficiency and precision of microfluidic crystallizations are of particular significance for active pharmaceutical ingredients, proteins, fine chemicals, and nanocrystals. Therefore, it is increasingly adopted as a mainstream technology in crystallization research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Shi
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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11
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Locating and Visualizing Crystals for X-Ray Diffraction Experiments. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2017; 1607:143-164. [PMID: 28573572 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7000-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular crystallography has advanced from using macroscopic crystals, which might be >1 mm on a side, to crystals that are essentially invisible to the naked eye, or even under a standard laboratory microscope. As crystallography requires recognizing crystals when they are produced, and then placing them in an X-ray, electron, or neutron beam, this provides challenges, particularly in the case of advanced X-ray sources, where beams have very small cross sections and crystals may be vanishingly small. Methods for visualizing crystals are reviewed here, and examples of different types of cases are presented, including: standard crystals, crystals grown in mesophase, in situ crystallography, and crystals grown for X-ray Free Electron Laser or Micro Electron Diffraction experiments. As most techniques have limitations, it is desirable to have a range of complementary techniques available to identify and locate crystals. Ideally, a given technique should not cause sample damage, but sometimes it is necessary to use techniques where damage can only be minimized. For extreme circumstances, the act of probing location may be coincident with collecting X-ray diffraction data. Future challenges and directions are also discussed.
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12
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Ghazal A, Lafleur JP, Mortensen K, Kutter JP, Arleth L, Jensen GV. Recent advances in X-ray compatible microfluidics for applications in soft materials and life sciences. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4263-4295. [PMID: 27731448 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00888g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasingly narrow and brilliant beams at X-ray facilities reduce the requirements for both sample volume and data acquisition time. This creates new possibilities for the types and number of sample conditions that can be examined but simultaneously increases the demands in terms of sample preparation. Microfluidic-based sample preparation techniques have emerged as elegant alternatives that can be integrated directly into the experimental X-ray setup remedying several shortcomings of more traditional methods. We review the use of microfluidic devices in conjunction with X-ray measurements at synchrotron facilities in the context of 1) mapping large parameter spaces, 2) performing time resolved studies of mixing-induced kinetics, and 3) manipulating/processing samples in ways which are more demanding or not accessible on the macroscale. The review covers the past 15 years and focuses on applications where synchrotron data collection is performed in situ, i.e. directly on the microfluidic platform or on a sample jet from the microfluidic device. Considerations such as the choice of materials and microfluidic designs are addressed. The combination of microfluidic devices and measurements at large scale X-ray facilities is still emerging and far from mature, but it definitely offers an exciting array of new possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aghiad Ghazal
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Josiane P Lafleur
- Dept. of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kell Mortensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Dept. of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Arleth
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Grethe V Jensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Sui S, Wang Y, Kolewe KW, Srajer V, Henning R, Schiffman JD, Dimitrakopoulos C, Perry SL. Graphene-based microfluidics for serial crystallography. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3082-96. [PMID: 27241728 PMCID: PMC4970872 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00451b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic strategies to enable the growth and subsequent serial crystallographic analysis of micro-crystals have the potential to facilitate both structural characterization and dynamic structural studies of protein targets that have been resistant to single-crystal strategies. However, adapting microfluidic crystallization platforms for micro-crystallography requires a dramatic decrease in the overall device thickness. We report a robust strategy for the straightforward incorporation of single-layer graphene into ultra-thin microfluidic devices. This architecture allows for a total material thickness of only ∼1 μm, facilitating on-chip X-ray diffraction analysis while creating a sample environment that is stable against significant water loss over several weeks. We demonstrate excellent signal-to-noise in our X-ray diffraction measurements using a 1.5 μs polychromatic X-ray exposure, and validate our approach via on-chip structure determination using hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) as a model system. Although this work is focused on the use of graphene for protein crystallography, we anticipate that this technology should find utility in a wide range of both X-ray and other lab on a chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Sui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Kristopher W Kolewe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Vukica Srajer
- BioCARS Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Robert Henning
- BioCARS Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jessica D Schiffman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Christos Dimitrakopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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14
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Maeki M, Yamazaki S, Pawate AS, Ishida A, Tani H, Yamashita K, Sugishima M, Watanabe K, Tokeshi M, Kenis PJA, Miyazaki M. A microfluidic-based protein crystallization method in 10 micrometer-sized crystallization space. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01671e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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MAEKI M, YAMAGUCHI H, TOKESHI M, MIYAZAKI M. Microfluidic Approaches for Protein Crystal Structure Analysis. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:3-9. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi MAEKI
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | | | - Manabu TOKESHI
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Masaya MIYAZAKI
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
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