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Lu Y, Cao Y, Tang X, Hu N, Wang Z, Xu P, Hua Z, Wang Y, Su Y, Guo Y. Deep learning-assisted mass spectrometry imaging for preliminary screening and pre-classification of psychoactive substances. Talanta 2024; 272:125757. [PMID: 38368831 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Currently, it is of great urgency to develop a rapid pre-classification and screening method for suspected drugs as the constantly springing up of new psychoactive substances. In most researches, psychoactive substances classification approaches depended on the similar chemical structures and pharmacological action with known drugs. Such approaches could not face the complicated circumstance of emerging new psychoactive substances. Herein, mass spectrometry imaging and convolutional neural networks (CNN) were used for preliminary screening and pre-classification of suspected psychoactive substances. Mass spectrometry imaging was performed simultaneously on two brain slices as one was from blank group and another one was from psychoactive substance-induced group. Then, fused neurotransmitter variation mass spectrometry images (Nv-MSIs) reflecting the difference of neurotransmitters between two slices were achieved through two homemade programs. A CNN model was developed to classify the Nv-MSIs. Compared with traditional classification methods, CNN achieved better estimation accuracy and required minimal data preprocessing. Also, the specific region on Nv-MSIs and weight of each neurotransmitter that affected the classification most could be unraveled by CNN. Finally, the method was successfully applied to assist the identification of a new psychoactive substance seized recently. This sample was identified as cannabinoids, which greatly promoted the screening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuqi Cao
- Technical Centre, Shanghai Tobacco (Group) Corp., Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Xiaohang Tang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Na Hu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhengyong Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhendong Hua
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Youmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yue Su
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yinlong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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2
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Banidol M, Kouider S, Sergent I, Pizzala H, Charles L. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging of latent fingerprints revealed by Oil Red O. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9724. [PMID: 38420652 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is increasingly used to produce chemical images of latent fingerprints. Yet, the actual benefits of MSI for real case studies have to be assessed for fingerprints previously processed by forensic techniques. Here, we have evaluated the compatibility of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) with the fingerprint enhancement technique involving Oil Red O (ORO). METHODS To optimize the ionization step independently from surface extraction, the ORO reagent and its mixture with model compounds (triolein and linoleic acid) were first studied in solution using high-resolution electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Then, DESI-MSI experiments were performed in both polarity modes for ORO-processed fingermarks deposited on pieces of paper used as porous substrates. RESULTS ESI-MS of ORO reveals a complex mixture of azo dyes. Two main impurities detected beside the targeted species were characterized using MS/MS and then were usefully employed to produce DESI-MS images of fingermarks, decreasing the scanning rate to get sufficient ion abundance from natural fingerprints. ORO did not prevent chemical profiling, and one major added value of this pink dye was to produce MS images with contrast that cannot be obtained optically for some colored substrates. CONCLUSIONS DESI-MS has demonstrated imaging compatibility with the application of ORO used to enhance latent fingerprints on paper and could also enable chemical profiling in natural fingermarks. In addition, MS images of ORO impurities were of higher quality than optical ones for fingerprints revealed on colored paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Banidol
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche Criminelle de la Gendarmerie Nationale, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Sophia Kouider
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille, France
| | - Isaure Sergent
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Pizzala
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille, France
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3
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Liu Z, Li W, Wu Y, Man H, Zhao YB, Li Z. TOF-SIMS study of latent fingerprints on challenging substrates with the aid of transfer films. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:5225-5232. [PMID: 37781992 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01256e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) has been applied in forensic science for fingerprint detection. However, due to limitations of the instrument, it is not always possible to directly sample fingerprints on certain substrates. In this report, we indirectly sampled fingerprints using transfer films. First, we optimized the experimental conditions and identified transfer films with better results. We then explored the feasibility of revealing fingerprints after transfer and successfully transferred and revealed the detailed features of fingerprints on several common objects that could not be directly sampled. Fingerprints transferred from smooth surfaces yield clearer feature details in ion images. Additionally, we analyzed the substances in the transferred fingerprints and detected components of morphine and MDMA(3,4-methylenedioxy-n-methylamphetamine). By combining feature details with identified chemical components, the identity of a person can be determined, linking suspects to the crime scene. This work provides a new approach for sample introduction in instrumental analysis, enabling TOF-SIMS to be applied in more scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolun Liu
- Department of Forensic Science, People's Security University of China, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Forensic Science Office of Yandu Branch of Yancheng Public Security Bureau, Yancheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Forensic Science, People's Security University of China, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanze Man
- Department of Forensic Science, People's Security University of China, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Bin Zhao
- Department of Forensic Science, People's Security University of China, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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Chen Y, Xie Y, Li L, Wang Z, Yang L. Advances in mass spectrometry imaging for toxicological analysis and safety evaluation of pharmaceuticals. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21807. [PMID: 36146929 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Safety issues caused by pharmaceuticals have frequently occurred worldwide, posing a tremendous threat to human health. As an essential part of drug development, the toxicological analysis and safety evaluation is of great significance. In addition, the risk of pharmaceuticals accumulation in the environment and the monitoring of the toxicity from natural medicines have also received ongoing concerns. Due to a lack of spatial distribution information provided by common analytical methods, analyses that provide spatial dimensions could serve as complementary safety evaluation methods for better prediction and evaluation of drug toxicity. With advances in technical solutions and software algorithms, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has received increasing attention as a popular analytical tool that enables the simultaneous implementation of qualitative, quantitative, and localization without complex sample pretreatment and labeling steps. In recent years, MSI has become more attractive, powerful, and sensitive and has been applied in several scientific fields that can meet the safety assessment requirements. This review aims to cover a detailed summary of the various MSI technologies utilized in the biomedical and pharmaceutical area, including technical principles, advantages, current status, and future trends. Representative applications and developments in the safety-related issues of different pharmaceuticals and natural medicines are also described to provide a reference for pharmaceutical research, improve rational clinical medicine use, and ensure public safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiao Xie
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5
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Zub K, Hoeppener S, Schubert US. Inkjet Printing and 3D Printing Strategies for Biosensing, Analytical, and Diagnostic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105015. [PMID: 35338719 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inkjet printing and 3D inkjet printing have found many applications in the fabrication of a great variety of devices, which have been developed with the aim to improve and simplify the design, fabrication, and performance of sensors and analytical platforms. Here, developments of these printing technologies reported during the last 10 years are reviewed and their versatile applicability for the fabrication of improved sensing platforms and analytical and diagnostic sensor systems is demonstrated. Illustrative examples are reviewed in the context of particular advantages provided by inkjet printing technologies. Next to aspects of device printing and fabrication strategies, the utilization of inkjet dispensing, which can be implemented into common analytical tools utilizing customized inkjet printing equipment as well as state-of-the-art consumer inkjet printing devices, is highlighted. This review aims to providing a comprehensive overview of examples integrating inkjet and 3D inkjet printing technologies into device layout fabrication, dosing, and analytical applications to demonstrate the versatile applicability of these technologies, and furthermore, to inspire the utilization of inkjet printing for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Zub
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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6
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Bouvier C, Van Nuffel S, Walter P, Brunelle A. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging in cultural heritage: A focus on old paintings. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2022; 57:e4803. [PMID: 34997666 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) imaging is a surface analysis technique that identifies and spatially resolves the chemical composition of a sample with a lateral resolution of less than 1 μm. Depth analyses can also be performed over thicknesses of several microns. In the case of a painting cross section, for example, TOF-SIMS can identify the organic composition, by detecting molecular ions and fragments of binders, as well as the mineral composition of most of the pigments. Importantly, the technique is almost not destructive and is therefore increasingly used in cultural heritage research such as the analysis of painting samples, especially old paintings. In this review, state of the art of TOF-SIMS analysis methods will be described with a particular focus on tuning the instruments for the analysis of painting cross sections and with several examples from the literature showing the added value of this technique when studying cultural heritage samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bouvier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Paris, France
| | - Sebastiaan Van Nuffel
- M4I, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Walter
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Paris, France
| | - Alain Brunelle
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Paris, France
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7
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Tuccitto N, Bombace A, Auditore A, Valenti A, Torrisi A, Capizzi G, Licciardello A. Revealing Contamination and Sequence of Overlapping Fingerprints by Unsupervised Treatment of a Hyperspectral Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Dataset. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14099-14105. [PMID: 34645262 PMCID: PMC8552212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Time-of-flight secondary
ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) has been
successfully applied for chemical imaging of overlapping fingermarks.
The resulting big dataset has been treated by means of an unsupervised
machine learning approach based on uniform manifold approximation
and projection. The hyperspectral matrix was composed of 49 million
pixels associated with 518 peaks. However, the single-pixel spectrum
results in a very poor signal intensity, mostly like a barcode. Contrary
to what has been reported in the literature recently, we have not
applied a crude approach based on binning but a sophisticated machine
learning method capable of separating the chemical signals of the
two fingerprints from each other and from the substrate in which they
were impressed. Moreover, using ToF-SIMS, an extremely surface-sensitive
technique, the sequence of deposition of the fingerprints has been
determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Tuccitto
- Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, CSGI, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bombace
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Auditore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Valenti
- Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, CSGI, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alberto Torrisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giacomo Capizzi
- Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Licciardello
- Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, CSGI, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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8
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Visualisation of Amphetamine Contamination in Fingerprints Using TOF-SIMS Technique. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216243. [PMID: 34771767 PMCID: PMC8584599 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) was applied to detect traces of amphetamine on fingerprints. In the present study, three different lift tapes and latent powder fingerprints were tested. The obtained results show that it is possible to identify traces of a drug as well as its distribution over the tested fingerprint after its transfer from the primary base onto an adhesive lifter (secondary base). Moreover, images obtained by the TOF-SIMS technique enable the observation of very small areas of the analysed fingerprint as well as the identification of micro-objects (residues of a contaminant) that were left on the fingerprint. The use of the black latent fingerprint powder did not interfere with the TOF-SIMS analysis, which makes it possible to effectively use this technique to study the traces of substances on the revealed fingerprints.
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9
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Costa C, Jang M, de Jesus J, Steven RT, Nikula CJ, Elia E, Bunch J, Bellew AT, Watts JF, Hinder S, Bailey MJ. Imaging mass spectrometry: a new way to distinguish dermal contact from administration of cocaine, using a single fingerprint. Analyst 2021; 146:4010-4021. [PMID: 34019607 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00232e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we show a new and significant application area for mass spectrometry imaging. The potential for fingerprints to reveal drug use has been widely reported, with potential applications in forensics and workplace drug testing. However, one unsolved issue is the inability to distinguish between drug administration and contamination by contact. Previous work using bulk mass spectrometry analysis has shown that this distinction can only be definitively made if the hands are washed prior to sample collection. Here, we illustrate how three mass spectrometry imaging approaches, desorption electrospray ionisation (DESI), matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI) and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) can be used to visualise fingerprints at different pixel sizes, ranging from the whole fingerprint down to the pore structure. We show how each of these magnification scales can be used to distinguish between cocaine use and contact. We also demonstrate the first application of water cluster SIMS to a fingerprint sample, which was the sole method tested here that was capable of detecting excreted drug metabolites in fingerprints, while providing spatial resolution sufficient to resolve individual pore structure. We show that after administration of cocaine, lipids and salts in the fingerprint ridges spatially correlate with the cocaine metabolite, benzoylecgonine. In contrast after contact, we have observed that cocaine and its metabolite show a poor spatial correlation with the flow of the ridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Costa
- Surrey Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, UK
| | - M Jang
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Ulsan, Korea
| | - J de Jesus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, UK.
| | - R T Steven
- The National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - C J Nikula
- The National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - E Elia
- The National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - J Bunch
- The National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | | | - J F Watts
- The Surface Analysis Laboratory, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - S Hinder
- The Surface Analysis Laboratory, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - M J Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, UK.
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10
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Perez CJ, Ifa DR. Internal standard application strategies in mass spectrometry imaging by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9053. [PMID: 33474774 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE We developed a model case study to evaluate three internal standard (IS) application strategies (methods I-III) using the psycholeptic phenobarbital (PB) and the isotopically labelled IS phenobarbital-D5 (PB-D5) from in vitro dosed tissues of the golden apple snail (Pomacea diffusa) by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI). METHODS In method I, the IS was deposited as microspots on top of 10 μm thick snail tissues; in method II, a thin IS film was applied; and in method III, the IS was spiked into the DESI solvent spray. DESI-MSI analyses were performed using a Thermo LTQ mass spectrometer equipped with a custom-built DESI source and two-dimensional moving stage. PB (m/z 231) and PB-D5 (m/z 236) were monitored in selected ion monitoring mode between m/z 227 and 239. RESULTS The analytical performance of two IS strategies (methods I and II) in DESI-MSI was evaluated based on an intra- and inter-day precision assay, an accuracy assessment, and statistical analysis. In the inter-day DESI-MSI assay, method I exhibited better precision (6.5%-7.4%) than method II (10.7%-17.6%) between 10 and 100 ng/μL. In the accuracy assessment, PB quality controls of 75 ng/μL were back-calculated as 71 ± 4 and 83 ± 9 ng/μL, resulting in relative errors of -5% and 11% for methods I and II, respectively. Method III did not work under the experimental design and was not evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Three IS application strategies were investigated and compared for a routine quantitative DESI-MSI approach. Methods I and II were not statistically significantly different as shown by a Bland-Altman plot, suggesting that these two methods can be used interchangeably. However, method III requires further research for future quantitative DESI-MSI analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo J Perez
- Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Demian R Ifa
- Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
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11
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Muramoto S, Osborn W, Gillen G. Visualizing shed skin cells in fingerprint residue using dark-field microscopy. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:1257-1266. [PMID: 33760258 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This proof-of-concept study shows that dark-field microscopy provides sufficient contrast for cell visualization in fingerprints with high sebum content. Although the application is limited to smooth surfaces that do not scatter light, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), it was able to measure the number of cells deposited within a fingerprint residue and the reduction in cell transfer with repeated skin contact. On a PET surface, at roughly 5 N of contact force, a typical finger transfers several hundred cells onto the surface. Over subsequent finger contacts onto a clean PET surface, this number decreased exponentially until a steady state was reached, which is characterized by the transfer of (78 ± 36) cells or (0.46 ± 0.21) cells/mm2 when normalized for fingerprint area. High uncertainty in cell transfer was due to: the highly variable nature of a human finger (where the number of loose cells varies from person to person and from day to day depending on what they touch) and difficulties in controlling the contact force and finger movement such as twisting during deposition (where twisting of the finger can expose a new patch of skin to the substrate, increasing the number of cell transfer). Plasma etching was also explored as an effective way to validate dark-field microscopy for cell counting. Although limited to inorganic substrates due to etching effects, exposing the fingerprint for less than 10 min can remove a majority of the sebum while keeping the cells intact for a before-and-after comparison using light microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Muramoto
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20895, USA
| | - William Osborn
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20895, USA
| | - Greg Gillen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20895, USA
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12
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Advances in drugs of abuse testing. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 514:40-47. [PMID: 33333045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse testing is widely used clinically and forensically. Urine is the preferred type of specimen for drugs of abuse screening, but saliva, sweat, hair, and meconium are emerging types of specimens. GC-MS has been used as a gold standard for confirmatory drug testing, but LC-tandem-MS can analyze more diverse types of analytes than GC-MS. Thus, LC-tandem-MS becomes a new gold standard for confirmatory drug testing. Unlike GC-MS, LC-tandem-MS is not suited for non-targeted comprehensive drug screening. But with the advent of high-resolution-MS such as Tof-MS, which can discriminate the compounds of similar molecular masses but with different formulas, LC-hybrid-Tof-MS is usable for non-targeted comprehensive drug screening. Another technical advancement is the advent of miniature ambient ionization MS, which can analyze biological specimens including urine within one minute. Thus these mass spectrometers are promising for rapid drugs of abuse testing in a POC setting.
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13
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Tuck M, Blanc L, Touti R, Patterson NH, Van Nuffel S, Villette S, Taveau JC, Römpp A, Brunelle A, Lecomte S, Desbenoit N. Multimodal Imaging Based on Vibrational Spectroscopies and Mass Spectrometry Imaging Applied to Biological Tissue: A Multiscale and Multiomics Review. Anal Chem 2020; 93:445-477. [PMID: 33253546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tuck
- Institut de Chimie & Biologie des Membranes & des Nano-objets, CBMN UMR 5248, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 1 Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Landry Blanc
- Institut de Chimie & Biologie des Membranes & des Nano-objets, CBMN UMR 5248, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 1 Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Rita Touti
- Institut de Chimie & Biologie des Membranes & des Nano-objets, CBMN UMR 5248, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 1 Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Nathan Heath Patterson
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8575, United States
| | - Sebastiaan Van Nuffel
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sandrine Villette
- Institut de Chimie & Biologie des Membranes & des Nano-objets, CBMN UMR 5248, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 1 Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Taveau
- Institut de Chimie & Biologie des Membranes & des Nano-objets, CBMN UMR 5248, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 1 Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Andreas Römpp
- Bioanalytical Sciences and Food Analysis, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alain Brunelle
- Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale, LAMS UMR 8220, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- Institut de Chimie & Biologie des Membranes & des Nano-objets, CBMN UMR 5248, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 1 Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Nicolas Desbenoit
- Institut de Chimie & Biologie des Membranes & des Nano-objets, CBMN UMR 5248, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 1 Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
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14
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Muramoto S, Bennett J. Inkjet printing of gold nanoparticles onto a biologically relevant matrix to create quantitative test materials for time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Muramoto
- Materials Measurement Science Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Joe Bennett
- Materials Measurement Science Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD USA
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15
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Costa C, Ismail M, Stevenson D, Gibson B, Webb R, Bailey M. Distinguishing between Contact and Administration of Heroin from a Single Fingerprint using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2020; 44:218-225. [PMID: 31711209 PMCID: PMC7299524 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkz088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fingerprints have been proposed as a promising new matrix for drug testing. In previous work it has been shown that a fingerprint can be used to distinguish between drug users and nonusers. Herein, we look at the possibility of using a fingerprint to distinguish between dermal contact and administration of heroin. Fingerprint samples were collected from (i) 10 patients attending a drug rehabilitation clinic, (ii) 50 nondrug users and (iii) participants who touched 2 mg street heroin, before and after various hand cleaning procedures. Oral fluid was also taken from the patients. All samples were analyzed using a liquid chromatography—high resolution mass spectrometry method validated in previous work for heroin and 6-AM. The HRMS data were analyzed retrospectively for morphine, codeine, 6-acetylcodeine and noscapine. Heroin and 6-AM were detected in all fingerprint samples produced from contact with heroin, even after hand washing. In contrast, morphine, acetylcodeine and noscapine were successfully removed after hand washing. In patient samples, the detection of morphine, noscapine and acetylcodeine (alongside heroin and 6-AM) gave a closer agreement to patient testimony on whether they had recently used heroin than the detection of heroin and 6-AM alone. This research highlights the importance of washing hands prior to donating a fingerprint sample to distinguish recent contact with heroin from heroin use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Costa
- Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Mahado Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Derek Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Brian Gibson
- Forensic Science Ireland, Garda Headquarters, 8 Phoenix Park, Dublin DO8 HN3X, Ireland
| | - Roger Webb
- Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Melanie Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
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16
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Maeno K. Direct Quantification of Natural Moisturizing Factors in Stratum Corneum using Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry with Inkjet-Printing Technique. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17789. [PMID: 31780805 PMCID: PMC6882842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper hydration of the stratum corneum, the skin's outermost layer, is essential for healthy skin. Water-soluble substances called natural moisturizing factors (NMF) are responsible for maintaining adequate moisture in the skin and are closely associated with a variety of the skin's functions. Therefore, quantitative analysis methods for NMF are indispensable when attempting to clarify one of the mechanisms of hydration and its effect on the skin. This study sought to develop a quick and simple analytical technique, which can quantify NMF from the skin without the need for extraction or separation, using direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS). The goal was to deliver a high quantitative capability, so a unique inkjet printing technique was employed to evenly coat a stable isotope-labeled internal standard (SIL-IS) on tape-stripped skin. This technique allowed for the quantification of 26 NMF with established calibration curves and comparatively high linear correlations. The speed of measurement was found to be advantageous as 100 strips of tape can be measured in roughly 2 hours. The effectiveness of the inkjet coating was also verified by comparing its precision with that of conventional pipetting. This new technique can be an alternative method to quantify NMF rapidly and perhaps allow for a clearer elucidation of their function in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Maeno
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, 1-2-11, Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 220-0011, Japan.
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17
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Muramoto S, Gillen G, Collett C, Zeissler CJ, Garboczi EJ. ToF‐SIMS depth profiling of oral drug delivery films for 3D visualization of active pharmaceutical particles. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Muramoto
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20895 USA
| | - Greg Gillen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20895 USA
| | - Cayla Collett
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20895 USA
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18
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Li RS, Liu JH, Yang T, Gao PF, Wang J, Liu H, Zhen SJ, Li YF, Huang CZ. Carbon Quantum Dots–Europium(III) Energy Transfer Architecture Embedded in Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Fingerprint Security and Document Counterspy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11185-11191. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jia Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Tong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Peng Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Shu Jun Zhen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Fang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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19
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Costa C, Frampas C, Longman KA, Palitsin V, Ismail M, Sears P, Nilforooshan R, Bailey MJ. Paper spray screening and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry confirmation for medication adherence testing: A two-step process. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 35:e8553. [PMID: 31414505 PMCID: PMC8047880 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Paper spray offers a rapid screening test without the need for sample preparation. The incomplete extraction of paper spray allows for further testing using more robust, selective and sensitive techniques such as liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Here we develop a two-step process of paper spray followed by LC/MS to (1) rapidly screen a large number of samples and (2) confirm any disputed results. This demonstrates the applicability for testing medication adherence from a fingerprint. METHODS Following paper spray analysis, drugs of abuse samples were analysed using LC/MS. All analyses were completed using a Q Exactive™ Plus Orbitrap™ mass spectrometer. This two-step procedure was applied to fingerprints collected from patients on a maintained dose of the antipsychotic drug quetiapine. RESULTS The extraction efficiency of paper spray for two drugs of abuse and metabolites was found to be between 15 and 35% (analyte dependent). For short acquisition times, the extraction efficiency was found to vary between replicates by less than 30%, enabling subsequent analysis by LC/MS. This two-step process was then applied to fingerprints collected from two patients taking the antipsychotic drug quetiapine, which demonstrates how a negative screening result from paper spray can be resolved using LC/MS. CONCLUSIONS We have shown for the first time the sequential analysis of the same sample using paper spray and LC/MS, as well as the detection of an antipsychotic drug from a fingerprint. We propose that this workflow may also be applied to any type of sample compatible with paper spray, and will be especially convenient where only one sample is available for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Costa
- Surrey Ion Beam CentreUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHUK
| | - Cecile Frampas
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHUK
| | | | | | - Mahado Ismail
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHUK
| | - Patrick Sears
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHUK
| | - Ramin Nilforooshan
- Surrey and Borders Partnership Foundation NHS Trust, ACUHolloway HillChertseyKT16 0AEUK
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20
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Simultaneous imaging of latent fingermarks and detection of analytes of forensic relevance by laser ablation direct analysis in real time imaging-mass spectrometry (LADI-MS). Forensic Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2019.100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Abstract
The precise proof of a crime using objective evidence is becoming increasingly important as Japan's crime rate climbs. This need arises not only from the current high rate of anonymous crime, but also the introduction of a Saiban-in (citizen judge) system, and the increased silence of suspects following investigation visualization. Forensic science is an academic field that investigates legal (and illegal) matters using science, and subsequently applies research results to resolving real crime cases. Materials examined during forensic practice include both common specimens, such as fingerprints, footprints, blood stains, and hairs, and less common specimens, such as soils, plants, dust, and pollens. In the event of biological, chemical, or explosive terrorism, air and surface wipe specimens-possibly containing chemical warfare agents, microbes, and explosives-can become critical target materials. Alternatively, on discovering powders and/or liquids that are suspected to be illegal drugs, preliminary tests are performed at the crime scene itself. Subsequently, confirmatory examinations are performed at a forensic science laboratory. Current research efforts are underway to develop simpler and more reliable tools for on-site drug testing, and to develop analytical methods capable of differentiating regioisomers of drugs, performing drug metabolism studies as a way to identify drugs of abuse, and studying the organic synthesis of authentic standard compounds. In this review, we outline current state-of-the-art technologies in forensic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Inoue
- Third Department of Forensic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science
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22
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Mao K, Zhou Z, Han S, Zhou X, Hu J, Li X, Yang Z. A novel biosensor based on Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles for sensitive detection of methylamphetamine with surface enhanced Raman scattering. Talanta 2018; 190:263-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Pleik S, Spengler B, Ram Bhandari D, Luhn S, Schäfer T, Urbach D, Kirsch D. Ambient-air ozonolysis of triglycerides in aged fingerprint residues. Analyst 2018; 143:1197-1209. [PMID: 29431747 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01506b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In forensic science, reconstructing the timing of events occurring during a criminal offense is of great importance. In some cases, the time when particular evidence was left on a crime scene is a critical matter. The ability to estimate the fingerprint age would raise the evidentiary value of fingerprints tremendously. For this purpose the most promising approach is the analysis of changes in the chemical compositions of fingerprint residues in the course of aging. The focus of our study is the identification of human specific compounds in fingerprint residues, characterized by a significant aging behavior that could analytically be used for the age determination of fingerprints in future. The first challenge is the sensitive detection of trace amounts of relevant human specific fingerprint compounds. Highly sensitive LC-MS methods were developed for the reliable structure identification of unsaturated triglycerides and their natural degradation products in order to proof the aging mechanism that takes place in fingerprint residues. Thus our results build the fundamental basis for further forensic method development and potential application in forensic investigation. Ozonolysis was found to be one of the major lipid degradation pathways in fingerprint residues in ambient air. High-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS2) was carried out to identify the ozonolysis products (TG48:0-monoozonide) formed under exposure to the highly reactive ozone in atmospheric air. The obtained products were confirmed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). Despite several challenges and limitations in the age estimation of fingerprints, the identification of individual degradation products of specific unsaturated lipids in aged fingerprint samples represents a significant analytical progress, resulting in a strong increase in the validity of chemical analysis of fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Pleik
- Forensic Science Institute, Federal Criminal Police Office, 65173 Wiesbaden, Germany.
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24
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Ismail M, Stevenson D, Costa C, Webb R, de Puit M, Bailey M. Noninvasive Detection of Cocaine and Heroin Use with Single Fingerprints: Determination of an Environmental Cutoff. Clin Chem 2018; 64:909-917. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.281469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Recent publications have explored the possibility of using fingerprints to confirm drug use, but none has yet dealt with environmental contamination from fingertips. Here we explored the possibility of establishing an environmental cutoff for drug testing from a single fingerprint.
METHODS
Fingerprint samples (n = 100) were collected from the hands of 50 nondrug users before and after handwashing to establish separate environmental cutoff values and testing protocols for cocaine, benzoylecgonine, heroin, and 6-monoacetylmorphine. The cutoff was challenged by testing the fingerprints of drug-free volunteers after shaking hands with drug users. Fingerprints from patients who testified to taking cocaine (n = 32) and heroin (n = 24) were also collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
A different cutoff value needed to be applied, depending on whether the fingerprints were collected as presented or after handwashing. Applying these cutoffs gave a 0% false-positive rate from the drug-free volunteers. After application of the cutoff, the detection rate (compared to patient testimony) for washed hands of patients was 87.5% for cocaine use and 100% for heroin use.
CONCLUSIONS
Fingerprints show enhanced levels of cocaine, heroin, and their respective metabolites in patients who testified to taking the substances, compared with the population of naïve drug users surveyed, and a cutoff (decision level) can be established. The cutoff is robust enough to account for small increases in analyte observed after secondary transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahado Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Catia Costa
- Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Roger Webb
- Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Marcel de Puit
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, Department of Digital Technology and Biometrics, The Hague, the Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
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25
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Schultz CW, Wong JX, Yu HZ. Plastic fingerprint replica: solvent-assisted 3D molding and motion-promoted nano-spherulite formation. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fingerprinting is an essential form of identification for both biometric security and forensics today. Herein, we describe the procedure and principle of creating highly resolved, chemically robust, 3D fingerprint physical replicas, which is based on the solvent-assisted molding of transparent plastics and motion-promoted growth of semi-crystalline polymeric nanostructures. Prior to fingerprinting atop, polycarbonate, a commercial polymer with excellent durability and optical transparency, is first swelled and softened with a mild solvent (acetone). The molding motion conforms polymer chains between fingerprint ridges, which facilitates the formation of semi-crystalline spherulites and results in greater opacity between ridges than underneath ridges. Besides being more enduring than digital scanning and ink printed counterparts, the plastic fingerprint replicas can provide additional morphological information (depth of the ridge) and high-level details (distribution of sweat pores).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton W. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jessica X.H. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hua-Zhong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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26
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Abstract
Ambient mass spectrometry has evolved rapidly over the past decade, yielding a plethora of platforms and demonstrating scientific advancements across a range of fields from biological imaging to rapid quality control. These techniques have enabled real-time detection of target analytes in an open environment with no sample preparation and can be coupled to any mass analyzer with an atmospheric pressure interface; capabilities of clear interest to the defense, customs and border control, transportation security, and forensic science communities. This review aims to showcase and critically discuss advances in ambient mass spectrometry for the trace detection of explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Forbes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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27
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Taylor AJ, Dexter A, Bunch J. Exploring Ion Suppression in Mass Spectrometry Imaging of a Heterogeneous Tissue. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5637-5645. [PMID: 29461803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study we have explored several aspects of regional analyte suppression in mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of a heterogeneous sample, transverse cryosections of mouse brain. Olanzapine was homogeneously coated across the section prior to desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging. We employed the concept of a tissue extinction coefficient (TEC) to assess suppression of an analyte on tissue relative to its intensity in an off tissue region. We expanded the use of TEC, by first segmenting anatomical regions using graph-cuts clustering and calculating a TEC for each cluster. The single ion image of the olanzapine [M + H]+ ion was seen to vary considerably across the image, with anatomical features such as the white matter and hippocampus visible. While trends in regional ion suppression were conserved across MSI modalities, significant changes in the magnitude of relative regional suppression effects between techniques were seen. Notably the intensity of olanzapine was less suppressed in DESI than for MALDI. In MALDI MSI, significant differences in the concentration dependence of regional TECs were seen, with the TEC of white matter clusters exhibiting a notably stronger correlation with concentration than for clusters associated with gray matter regions. We further employed cluster-specific TECs as regional normalization factors. In comparison to published pixel-by-pixel normalization methods, regional TEC normalization exhibited superior reduction ion suppression artifacts. We also considered the usefulness of a segmentation-based approach to compare spectral information obtained from complementary modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Taylor
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI) , National Physical Laboratory , Hampton Road , Teddington , TW11 0LW , U.K
| | - Alex Dexter
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI) , National Physical Laboratory , Hampton Road , Teddington , TW11 0LW , U.K
| | - Josephine Bunch
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI) , National Physical Laboratory , Hampton Road , Teddington , TW11 0LW , U.K.,Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, London , SW7 2AZ , U.K
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28
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Skriba A, Havlicek V. Mass spectrometry imaging of illicit drugs in latent fingerprints by matrix-free and matrix-assisted desorption/ionization techniques. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2018; 24:124-128. [PMID: 29232991 DOI: 10.1177/1469066717728007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Compared with classical matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI), the matrix free-based strategies generate a cleaner background, without significant noise or interference coming from an applied matrix, which is beneficial for the analysis of small molecules, such as drugs of abuse. In this work, we probed the detection efficiency of methamphetamine, heroin and cocaine in nanostructure-assisted laser desorption-ionization (NALDI) and desorption electrospray ionization and compared the sensitivity of these two matrix-free tools with a standard MALDI mass spectrometry experiment. In a typical mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) setup, papillary line latent fingerprints were recorded as a mixture a common skin fatty acid or interfering cosmetics with a drug. In a separate experiment, all drugs (1 µL of 1 μM standard solution) were detected by all three ionization techniques on a target. In the case of cocaine and heroin, NALDI mass spectrometry was the most sensitive and revealed signals even from 0.1 μM solution. The drug/drug contaminant (fatty acid or cosmetics) MSI approach could be used by law enforcement personnel to confirm drug abusers of having come into contact with the suspected drug by use of fingerprint scans at time of apprehension which can aid in reducing the work of lab officials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Skriba
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Havlicek
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
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29
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Luo Z, He J, He J, Huang L, Song X, Li X, Abliz Z. Quantitative analysis of drug distribution by ambient mass spectrometry imaging method with signal extinction normalization strategy and inkjet-printing technology. Talanta 2017; 179:230-237. [PMID: 29310227 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a robust approach that provides both quantitative and spatial information for drug candidates' research. However, because of complicated signal suppression and interference, acquiring accurate quantitative information from MSI data remains a challenge, especially for whole-body tissue sample. Ambient MSI techniques using spray-based ionization appear to be ideal for pharmaceutical quantitative MSI analysis. However, it is more challenging, as it involves almost no sample preparation and is more susceptible to ion suppression/enhancement. Herein, based on our developed air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization (AFADESI)-MSI technology, an ambient quantitative MSI method was introduced by integrating inkjet-printing technology with normalization of the signal extinction coefficient (SEC) using the target compound itself. The method utilized a single calibration curve to quantify multiple tissue types. Basic blue 7 and an antitumor drug candidate (S-(+)-deoxytylophorinidine, CAT) were chosen to initially validate the feasibility and reliability of the quantitative MSI method. Rat tissue sections (heart, kidney, and brain) administered with CAT was then analyzed. The quantitative MSI analysis results were cross-validated by LC-MS/MS analysis data of the same tissues. The consistency suggests that the approach is able to fast obtain the quantitative MSI data without introducing interference into the in-situ environment of the tissue sample, and is potential to provide a high-throughput, economical and reliable approach for drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jingjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China; Higher Education Evaluation Center, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Lan Huang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Zeper Abliz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China; Centre for Bioimaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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30
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Cai L, Xia MC, Wang Z, Zhao YB, Li Z, Zhang S, Zhang X. Chemical Visualization of Sweat Pores in Fingerprints Using GO-Enhanced TOF-SIMS. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8372-8376. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lesi Cai
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and
Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Chan Xia
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and
Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoying Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and
Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Bin Zhao
- Department
of Forensic Science, People’s Security University of China, Beijing, 100038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanping Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and
Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sichun Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and
Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and
Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Dutkiewicz EP, Chiu HY, Urban PL. Probing Skin for Metabolites and Topical Drugs with Hydrogel Micropatches. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2664-2670. [PMID: 28192981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sampling the skin surface is a convenient way to obtain biological specimens bearing clinically relevant information. Hydrogel micropatches enable noninvasive collection of skin excretion specimens, which can subsequently be subjected to rapid mass spectrometric analysis providing insights into the skin metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina P Dutkiewicz
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch , 25 Jingguo Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
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32
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van Dam A, van Beek FT, Aalders MC, van Leeuwen TG, Lambrechts SA. Techniques that acquire donor profiling information from fingermarks — A review. Sci Justice 2016; 56:143-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Ingela Lanekoff
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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34
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Mao K, Yang Z, Du P, Xu Z, Wang Z, Li X. G-quadruplex–hemin DNAzyme molecular beacon probe for the detection of methamphetamine. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04912e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a simple, cost-effective, and label-free biosensor was constructed for methamphetamine (METH) detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Mao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- Division of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Engineering
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Peng Du
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Zeqiong Xu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Zhenglu Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Xiqing Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
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35
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Wu P, Xu C, Hou X, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Dual-emitting quantum dot nanohybrid for imaging of latent fingerprints: simultaneous identification of individuals and traffic light-type visualization of TNT. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4445-4450. [PMID: 30155001 PMCID: PMC6088367 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01497b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A nanohybrid was employed for fingerprint imaging that was capable of simultaneous identification of individuals and TNT visualization in a “traffic-light” manner.
Fingerprints are a unique characteristic of an individual. Recently, it has been realized that fingerprints carry more information about individuals than just their identity, for example, they may identify potential addicts and terrorists carrying explosives. Therefore, the development of imaging moieties capable of both fingerprint staining and drug/explosive visualization is of significant importance for forensic chemistry. Here we developed a nanohybrid comprising green- and red-emitting QDs for simultaneous fingerprint imaging and TNT visualization in fingerprints. The red-emitting Cu-doped ZnCdS (Cu–ZnCdS) QDs were embedded into silica nanoparticles and the green-emitting ZnCdS QDs were anchored onto the surface of the silica nanoparticles and further functionalized with polyallylamine (PAA). Both components of the nanohybrid, i.e., the PAA-functionalized green QDs and red QD-doped silica nanoparticles, could be explored for fingerprint imaging. Due to the formation of a Meisenheimer complex between TNT and PAA, the green-emitting QDs could be quenched by TNT, meanwhile the red-emitting QDs were inert. Therefore, the nanohybrid exhibited a traffic light-type fluorescence color change (green-yellow-red) to TNT concentration in the range of 40–400 μM. This method is promising for potential applications in security-screening needs in public areas such as airports and train stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China . ; .,Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Chaoying Xu
- Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China . ;
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China . ;
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