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Tachtalidou S, Spyros A, Sok N, Heinzmann SS, Denat F, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Gougeon RD, Nikolantonaki M. 1H NMR based sulfonation reaction kinetics of wine relevant thiols in comparison with known carbonyls. Food Chem 2024; 449:138944. [PMID: 38613993 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Sulfite addition is a common tool for ensuring wines' oxidative stability via the activity of its free and weakly bound molecular fraction. As a nucleophile, bisulfite forms covalent adducts with wine's most relevant electrophiles, such as carbonyls, polyphenols, and thiols. The equilibrium in these reactions is often represented as dissociation rather than formation. Recent studies from our laboratory demonstrate, first, the acetaldehyde sulfonate dissociation, and second, the chemical stability of cysteine and epicatechin sulfonates under wine aging conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to monitor by 1H NMR the binding specificity of known carbonyl-derived SO2 binders (acetaldehyde and pyruvic acid) in the presence of S-containing compounds (cysteine and glutathione). We report that during simulated wine aging, the sulfur dioxide that is rapidly bound to carbonyl compounds will be released and will bind to cysteine and glutathione, demonstrating the long-term sulfur dioxide binding potential of S-containing compounds. These results are meant to serve as a complement to existing literature reviews focused on molecular markers related to wines' oxidative stability and emphasize once more the importance of S-containing compounds in wine aging chemical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Tachtalidou
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne, INRAE, UMR PAM 1517, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin - Jules Guyot, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Apostolos Spyros
- NMR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, Voutes Campus, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nicolas Sok
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne, INRAE, UMR PAM 1517, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin - Jules Guyot, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Silke S Heinzmann
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Franck Denat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University Munich, TUM, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Régis D Gougeon
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne, INRAE, UMR PAM 1517, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin - Jules Guyot, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Maria Nikolantonaki
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne, INRAE, UMR PAM 1517, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin - Jules Guyot, 21000 Dijon, France.
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2
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Li Z, Huang J, Wang L, Li D, Chen Y, Xu Y, Li L, Xiao H, Luo Z. Novel insight into the role of sulfur dioxide in fruits and vegetables: Chemical interactions, biological activity, metabolism, applications, and safety. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37128783 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2203737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) are a category of chemical compounds widely used as additives in food industry. So far, the use of SO2 in fruit and vegetable industry has been indispensable although its safety concerns have been controversial. This article comprehensively reviews the chemical interactions of SO2 with the components of fruit and vegetable products, elaborates its mechanism of antimicrobial, anti-browning, and antioxidation, discusses its roles in regulation of sulfur metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/redox, resistance induction, and quality maintenance in fruits and vegetables, summarizes the application technology of SO2 and its safety in human (absorption, metabolism, toxicity, regulation), and emphasizes the intrinsic metabolism of SO2 and its consequences for the postharvest physiology and safety of fresh fruits and vegetables. In order to fully understand the benefits and risks of SO2, more research is needed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of SO2 metabolism in the cells and tissues of fruits and vegetables, and to uncover the interaction mechanisms between SO2 and the components of fruits and vegetables as well as the efficacy and safety of bound SO2. This review has important guiding significance for adjusting an applicable definition of maximum residue limit of SO2 in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbiao Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanpei Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqun Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Milheiro J, Cosme F, Filipe-Ribeiro L, Nunes FM. Reductive amination of aldehyde 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones using cyanoborohydride for determination of selected carbonyl compounds in Port wines, table wines, and wine spirits. Food Chem 2022; 405:134897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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4
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Liu F, Ji K, Quan S, Zhou Z, Dong Z, Hussain A, Zhang W, Xu G. Derivatization-free determination of carbonyl compounds using bifunctional chemiluminescence coreactant thiourea dioxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10214-10217. [PMID: 36000525 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04104a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Uniquely, thiourea dioxide not only can reduce carbonyl compounds but also generate an oxidant to trigger luminol chemiluminescence. Herein, derivatization-free carbonyl compound detection using bifunctional chemiluminescence coreactant thiourea dioxide has been developed for the first time with the second most crucial flavor benzaldehyde as a representative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangshuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kaixiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China. .,College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China. .,College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Zhiyong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Altaf Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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5
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Direct NMR evidence for the dissociation of sulfur-dioxide-bound acetaldehyde under acidic conditions: Impact on wines oxidative stability. Food Chem 2022; 373:131679. [PMID: 34865920 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SO2 reaction with electrophilic species present in wine, including in particular carbonyl compounds, is responsible for the reduction of its protective effect during wine aging. In the present study, direct 1H NMR profiling was used to monitor the reactivity of SO2 with acetaldehyde under wine-like oxidation conditions. The dissociation of acetaldehyde bound SO2 was evidenced suggesting that released free SO2 can further act as an antioxidant. EPR and DPPH assays showed an increasing antioxidant capacity of wine with the increase in the concentration of acetaldehyde sulfonate. The presence of acetaldehyde sulfonate in wines was correlated with the overall antioxidant activity of wines. The first evidence of acetaldehyde bound SO2 dissociation provides a completely new representation of the long-term protection efficiency of SO2 during bottle aging.
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Elucidating the Color of Rosé Wines Using Polyphenol-Targeted Metabolomics. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041359. [PMID: 35209149 PMCID: PMC8874620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The color of rosé wines is extremely diverse and a key element in their marketing. It is due to the presence of anthocyanins and of additional pigments derived from them and from other wine constituents. To explore the pigment composition and determine its links with color, 268 commercial rosé wines were analysed. The concentration of 125 polyphenolic compounds was determined by a targeted metabolomics approach using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS) analysis in the Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode and the color characterised by spectrophotometry and CieLab parameters. Chemometrics analysis of the composition and color data showed that although color intensity is primarily determined by polyphenol extraction (especially anthocyanins and flavanols) from the grapes, different color styles correspond to different pigment compositions. The salmon shade of light rosé wines is mostly due to pyranoanthocyanin pigments, resulting from reactions of anthocyanins with phenolic acids and pyruvic acid, a yeast metabolite. Redness of intermediate color wines is related to anthocyanins and carboxypoyranoanthocyanins and that of dark rosé wines to products of anthocyanin reactions with flavanols while yellowness of these wines is associated to oxidation.
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7
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The effects of sulphur dioxide on wine metabolites: New insights from 1H NMR spectroscopy based in-situ screening, detection, identification and quantification. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Viskić M, Bandić LM, Korenika AMJ, Jeromel A. NMR in the Service of Wine Differentiation. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010120. [PMID: 33429968 PMCID: PMC7827514 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NMR is a swift and highly reproducible spectrometric technique that makes it possible to obtain spectra containing a lot of information about the sample analyzed. This approach helps major components be described in complex mixtures such as wine in just one analysis. Analysis of wine metabolites is very often used to understand the impact of geographical origin or variety on wine quality. NMR is often used for tracing the geographical origin of wine. Research on NMR metabolic effects of geographical origin is of great importance as the high added value of wines results from compliance with state legislation on the protected denomination of origin (PDO) and protected geographical indication (PGI) for the administration of the appellation of wines. A review of NMR with emphasis on SNIF-NMR in the analysis of wine authenticity is given. SNIF-NMR remains a method of choice for the detection of wine chaptalization as it is the only approach which provides position-specific information on the origin of sugar in wine. However, the sample preparation step, which lacks major improvements since its conception, is strenuous and expensive, and suffers from drawbacks in terms of low sample throughput. Mainstream 1D and 2D NMR experiments provide a fast and affordable way to authenticate wine based on the geographical origin, vintage, and variety discrimination, and include a simple and non-destructive sample preparation step. With this approach, spectral data processing often represents a crucial step of the analysis. With properly performed NMR experiments good to excellent differentiation of wines from different vintages, regions, and varieties was achieved recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Viskić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Luna Maslov Bandić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana-Marija Jagatić Korenika
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.-M.J.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Ana Jeromel
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.-M.J.K.); (A.J.)
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9
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Ioannidis K, Dadiotis E, Mitsis V, Melliou E, Magiatis P. Biotechnological Approaches on Two High CBD and CBG Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) Varieties: In Vitro Regeneration and Phytochemical Consistency Evaluation of Micropropagated Plants Using Quantitative 1H-NMR. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245928. [PMID: 33333745 PMCID: PMC7765244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) varieties of Cannabis sativa L., a species with medicinal properties, were regenerated in vitro. Explants of nodal segments including healthy axillary bud, after sterilization, were placed in Murashige-Skoog (MS) culture medium. The shoots formed after 30 days were subcultured in full- or half-strength MS medium supplemented with several concentrations of 6-benzyl-amino-purine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ). The highest average number and length of shoots was achieved when both full and half-strength MS media were supplemented with 4.0 μM BA. The presence of 4.0 μM TDZ showed also comparable results. BA and TDZ at concentrations of 4.0, 8.0 μM and 2.0, 4.0 μM respectively, displayed the maximum shooting frequency. The new shoots were transferred on the same media and were either self-rooted or after being enhanced with different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Presence of 2.0 or 4.0 μM IBA or 4.0 μM NAA resulted to the optimum rooting rates. The maximum average number and length of roots per shoot was observed when the culture media was supplemented with 4.0 μM IBA or NAA. Approximately 92% of the plantlets were successfully established and acclimatized in field. The consistency of the chemical profile of the acclimatized in vitro propagated clones was assessed using quantitative 1H-NMR high throughput screening. In each variety, analysis of the micropropagated plant in comparison with the mother plant showed no statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in CBD+ cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and CBG+ cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) content respectively, thus indicating stability of their chemical profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Ioannidis
- Laboratory of Sylviculture, Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Mediterranean and Forest Ecosystems, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “Demeter”, Ilissia, 11528 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-7783-750
| | - Evangelos Dadiotis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (E.M.); (P.M.)
| | | | - Eleni Melliou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (E.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Prokopios Magiatis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (E.M.); (P.M.)
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Drioueche A, Boutoumi H, Boucherit A. The Performance of the Ruta Montana L. Essential Oil Bisulfite Adduct as Mixed Natural Emulsifier and a Comparison with Single Tailed Surfactant. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1654897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Drioueche
- Faculté de Technologie, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, B. P. 270, Université de Blida 1, Route de Soumâa, Blida, Algérie
| | - Hocine Boutoumi
- Faculté de Technologie, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, B. P. 270, Université de Blida 1, Route de Soumâa, Blida, Algérie
| | - Ahmed Boucherit
- Faculté de Technologie, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, B. P. 270, Université de Blida 1, Route de Soumâa, Blida, Algérie
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11
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A Method for the Rapid Measurement of Alkylresorcinols in Flour, Bread and Related Products Based on 1H qNMR. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081025. [PMID: 32751799 PMCID: PMC7466349 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objectives of the current work were to investigate differences among flours from traditionally preserved Greek varieties of cereals, and especially those of wheat, and in parallel, to correlate those potential differences with the presence of bioactive natural ingredients. In this context, we developed a new, fast, and simple method for the measurement of total 5-alkylresorcinols in cereals and related foods by qNMR. Several types of flour (white or whole-grain) coming from wheat, i.e., Triticum dicoccum, T. monococcum, T. aestivum, T. durum and T. turgidum, corn, barley, rye and oat from a certified producer in Greece were used either as raw materials or for the production of bread, pasta and flakes. A small portion of the flour or the corresponding product was extracted with DMSO-d6. The liquid part was directly analyzed by NMR (400 MHz). The simplicity of the NMR spectrum of the total extract and the lack of overlapping peaks permitted the development of a high throughput quantitative method for the measurement of total bioactive alkylresorcinols in less than 15 min. Grains, whole grain flours and breads from old varieties of T. dicoccum and T.monococcum showed high contents of alkylresorcinols (455–1148 mg/Kg), while the same compounds were completely absent from white flour and the corresponding bread. The term high-phenolic flour is proposed to distinguish among flour types.
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12
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Exploring the sulfur species in wine by HPLC-ICPMS/MS. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1092:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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13
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High-Throughput 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Screening for the Identification and Quantification of Heartwood Diterpenic Acids in Four Black Pine ( Pinus nigra Arn.) Marginal Provenances in Greece. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193603. [PMID: 31591296 PMCID: PMC6804012 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-throughput quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1H-NMR method was developed and applied to screen the quantity of the diterpenic resin acids in the heartwood of black pine, due to the renewed scientific interest in their medicinal properties and use in various diseases treatment. The 260 samples were taken from Pinus nigra clones, selected from four provenances of the Peloponnese (Greece), participating in a 35-year-old clonal seed orchard. Total resin acids per dry heartwood weight (dhw) varied greatly, ranging from 30.05 to 424.70 mg/gdhw (average 219.98 mg/gdhw). Abietic was the predominant acid (76.77 mg/gdhw), followed by palustric acid (47.94 mg/gdhw), neoabietic acid (39.34 mg/gdhw), and pimaric acid (22.54 mg/gdhw). Dehydroabietic acid was at moderate levels (11.69 mg/gdhw), while levopimaric, isopimaric, and sandaracopimaric acids were in lower concentrations. The resin acid fraction accounted for 72.33% of the total acetone extractives. Stilbenes were presented in significant quantities (19.70%). The resin acid content was composed mainly of the abietane type resin acids (83.56%). Peloponnesian Pinus nigra heartwood was found to be the richest source of resin acids identified to date and is considered the best natural source for the production of such bioactive extracts. The results indicate a high potential for effective selection and advanced breeding of pharmaceutical and high economic value bioactive substances from Pinus nigra clones.
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14
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Tracing oxidation reaction pathways in wine using 13C isotopolog patterns and a putative compound database. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1054:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Zhang X, Kontoudakis N, Clark AC. Rapid Quantitation of 12 Volatile Aldehyde Compounds in Wine by LC-QQQ-MS: A Combined Measure of Free and Hydrogen-Sulfite-Bound Forms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3502-3510. [PMID: 30811191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work outlines a rapid novel methodology for the direct quantitation of 12 volatile aldehyde compounds related to oxidative off-flavors in wine, by measuring the combined free and hydrogen-sulfite-bound forms of each aldehyde compound, consisting of four general aldehydes, four Strecker aldehydes, and four (E)-2-alkenals. The methodology requires minimal preparation of wine samples: the addition of internal standards and 6 g/L sulfur dioxide, and filtration prior to quantitation by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometery. Overall, the limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy (recovery, 97-114%), and precision (repeatability and reproducibility, RSD ≤ 10%) were satisfactory to enable routine measurement of the 12 aldehyde compounds in wine. The methodology was applied to 20 commercial white and red wines from various varieties and vintages. A general trend of higher concentrations of the aldehyde compounds in white wines compared to red wines was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre , Wagga Wagga , NSW 2678 , Australia
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences , Charles Sturt University , Locked Bag 588 , Wagga Wagga , NSW 2678 , Australia
| | - Nikolaos Kontoudakis
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre , Wagga Wagga , NSW 2678 , Australia
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences , Charles Sturt University , Locked Bag 588 , Wagga Wagga , NSW 2678 , Australia
| | - Andrew C Clark
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre , Wagga Wagga , NSW 2678 , Australia
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences , Charles Sturt University , Locked Bag 588 , Wagga Wagga , NSW 2678 , Australia
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16
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Zhang X, Kontoudakis N, Blackman J, Šuklje K, Antalick G, Clark AC. Determination of 13 Volatile Aldehyde Compounds in Wine by GC-QQQ-MS: p-Benzoquinone to Dissociate Hydrogen Sulfite Addition Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Ma L, Waterhouse AL. Flavanols react preferentially with quinones through an electron transfer reaction, stimulating rather than preventing wine browning. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1039:162-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Pinto J, Oliveira AS, Azevedo J, De Freitas V, Lopes P, Roseira I, Cabral M, Guedes de Pinho P. Assessment of oxidation compounds in oaked Chardonnay wines: A GC–MS and 1 H NMR metabolomics approach. Food Chem 2018; 257:120-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Han G, Webb MR, Richter C, Parsons J, Waterhouse AL. Yeast alter micro-oxygenation of wine: oxygen consumption and aldehyde production. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:3847-3854. [PMID: 28182290 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micro-oxygenation (MOx) is a common winemaking treatment used to improve red wine color development and diminish vegetal aroma, amongst other effects. It is commonly applied to wine immediately after yeast fermentation (phase 1) or later, during aging (phase 2). Although most winemakers avoid MOx during malolactic (ML) fermentation, it is often not possible to avoid because ML bacteria are often present during phase 1 MOx treatment. We investigated the effect of common yeast and bacteria on the outcome of micro-oxygenation. RESULTS Compared to sterile filtered wine, Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculation significantly increased oxygen consumption, keeping dissolved oxygen in wine below 30 µg L-1 during micro-oxygenation, whereas Oenococcus oeni inoculation was not associated with a significant impact on the concentration of dissolved oxygen. The unfiltered baseline wine also had both present, although with much higher populations of bacteria and consumed oxygen. The yeast-treated wine yielded much higher levels of acetaldehyde, rising from 4.3 to 29 mg L-1 during micro-oxygenation, whereas no significant difference was found between the bacteria-treated wine and the filtered control. The unfiltered wine exhibited rapid oxygen consumption but no additional acetaldehyde, as well as reduced pyruvate. Analysis of the acetaldehyde-glycerol acetal levels showed a good correlation with acetaldehyde concentrations. CONCLUSION The production of acetaldehyde is a key outcome of MOx and it is dramatically increased in the presence of yeast, although it is possibly counteracted by the metabolism of O. oeni bacteria. Additional controlled experiments are necessary to clarify the interaction of yeast and bacteria during MOx treatments. Analysis of the glycerol acetals may be useful as a proxy for acetaldehyde levels. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Han
- School of Enology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, PR China
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Michael R Webb
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chandra Richter
- Viticulture, Chemistry and Enology, E&J Gallo Winery, Modesto, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Parsons
- Viticulture, Chemistry and Enology, E&J Gallo Winery, Modesto, CA, USA
| | - Andrew L Waterhouse
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Ioannidis K, Melliou E, Alizoti P, Magiatis P. Identification of black pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) heartwood as a rich source of bioactive stilbenes by qNMR. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1708-1716. [PMID: 27739141 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently published studies have demonstrated the strong anti-inflammatory properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) heartwood extracts, related to its stilbene content. In order to find alternative sources of Pinus heartwood extracts rich in stilbenes, a large number of samples were investigated, using a new developed high-throughput screening method based on quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance. RESULTS The new method enabled us to measure the levels of pinosylvin, pinosylvin monomethyl ether and pinosylvin dimethyl ether in heartwood extracts in only 45 s per sample. The method was applied to 260 Pinus nigra trees originating from Peloponnese (southern Greece) from four different natural populations of the species. The results obtained showed that the total stilbenoids per dry heartwood weight varied greatly, ranging from 10.9 to 128.2 mg g-1drywood (average 59.92 ± 21.79 mg g-1drywood ). The major stilbene in all cases was pinosylvin monomethyl ether (40.32 ± 15.55 mg g-1drywood ), followed by pinosylvin (17.07±6.76 mg g-1drywood ) and pinosylvin dimethyl ether (2.54 ± 1.22 mg g-1drywood ). The highest stilbene content of P. nigra samples was found to be 6.3 times higher than the highest reported figure for P. sylvestris L. CONCLUSION Pinus nigra heartwood is the richest source of pinosylvin and pinosylvin monomethyl ether identified to date and can be considered the best natural resource for production of bioactive extracts. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Ioannidis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, 15771, Greece
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement, Faculty of Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Mediterranean and Forest Ecosystems, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Ilissia, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Melliou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Alizoti
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement, Faculty of Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Prokopios Magiatis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, 15771, Greece
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Peterson AL, Waterhouse AL. (1)H NMR: A Novel Approach To Determining the Thermodynamic Properties of Acetaldehyde Condensation Reactions with Glycerol, (+)-Catechin, and Glutathione in Model Wine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6869-6878. [PMID: 27580067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As wine oxidizes, ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde, but its accumulation is not predictable, due to poorly characterized reactions with alcohols, SO2, thiols, flavanols, and others. Measurement of these components has been thwarted by equilibria into the other forms during sample preparation. NMR spectra can be taken on intact samples and is thus ideal for this situation. Equilibria of acetaldehyde with glycerol, (+)-catechin, and glutathione were studied separately in model wine solutions at pH 3-4 by (1)H NMR and 2D ((1)H-(1)H) COSY spectra. Glycerol acetals had equilibrium constants between 1.14 ± 0.056 and 2.53 ± 0.043 M(-1), whereas ethylidene-bridged (+)-catechin dimers and glutathione thiohemiacetals had more favorable equilibria: from (3.92 ± 0.13) × 10(3) to (6.13 ± 0.32) × 10(3) M(-2) and from 10.18 ± 0.22 to 11.17 ± 0.47 M(-1), respectively. These data can be used to create accurate measures of acetaldehyde in its various forms and, consequently, offer insight into wine oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Peterson
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Andrew L Waterhouse
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Manoukian P, Melliou E, Liouni M, Magiatis P. Identification and quantitation of benzoxazinoids in wheat malt beer by qNMR and GC–MS. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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