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He X, Ren F, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhou J, Huang J, Cao S, Dong J, Wang R, Wu M, Liu J. Acoustofluidic-based microscopic examination for automated and point-of-care urinalysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3679-3689. [PMID: 38904306 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00408f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Urinalysis is a heavily used diagnostic test in clinical laboratories; however, it is chronically held back by urine sediment microscopic examination. Current instruments are bulky and expensive to be widely adopted, making microscopic examination a procedure that still relies on manual operations and requires large time and labor costs. To improve the efficacy and automation of urinalysis, this study develops an acoustofluidic-based microscopic examination system. The system utilizes the combination of acoustofluidic manipulation and a passive hydrodynamic mechanism, and thus achieves a high throughput (1000 μL min-1) and a high concentration factor (95.2 ± 2.1 fold) simultaneously, fulfilling the demands for urine examination. The concentrated urine sample is automatically dispensed into a hemocytometer chamber and the images are then analyzed using a machine learning algorithm. The whole process is completed within 3 minutes with detection accuracies of erythrocytes and leukocytes of 94.6 ± 3.5% and 95.1 ± 1.8%, respectively. The examination outcome of urine samples from 50 volunteers by this device shows a correlation coefficient of 0.96 compared to manual microscopic examination. Our system offers a promising tool for automated urine microscopic examination, thus it has potential to save a large amount of time and labor in clinical laboratories, as well as to promote point-of-care urine testing applications in and beyond hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Feng Ren
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Jiming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Shuye Cao
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Jinying Dong
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Renxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Testing Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, China
| | - Mengxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Junshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
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2
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Le HT, Phan HL, Lenshof A, Duong VT, Choi C, Cha C, Laurell T, Koo KI. Ultrasound standing wave spatial patterning of human umbilical vein endothelial cells for 3D micro-vascular networks formation. Biofabrication 2023; 16:015009. [PMID: 37844581 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad03be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Generating functional and perfusable micro-vascular networks is an important goal for the fabrication of large and three-dimensional tissues. Up to now, the fabrication of micro-vascular networks is a complicated multitask involving several different factors such as time consuming, cells survival, micro-diameter vasculature and strict alignment. Here, we propose a technique combining multi-material extrusion and ultrasound standing wave forces to create a network structure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells within a mixture of calcium alginate and decellularized extracellular matrix. The functionality of the matured microvasculature networks was demonstrated through the enhancement of cell-cell adhesion, angiogenesis process, and perfusion tests with microparticles, FITC-dextran, and whole mouse blood. Moreover, animal experiments exhibited the implantability including that the pre-existing blood vessels of the host sprout towards the preformed vessels of the scaffold over time and the microvessels inside the implanted scaffold matured from empty tubular structures to functional blood-carrying microvessels in two weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Le
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Huu Lam Phan
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Lenshof
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Van Thuy Duong
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Cholong Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaenyung Cha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kyo-In Koo
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
- Basic-Clinical Convergence Research Institute, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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3
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Jonai T, Ohori Y, Fujii T, Nakayama A, Moriwaki H, Akiyama Y. A collection device for various-sized microparticles that uses four serial acoustic separations: working toward microplastic emission prevention. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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4
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Hasanzadeh Kafshgari M, Hayden O. Advances in analytical microfluidic workflows for differential cancer diagnosis. NANO SELECT 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Hasanzadeh Kafshgari
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical Electronics Campus Klinikum München rechts der Isar TranslaTUM Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Oliver Hayden
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical Electronics Campus Klinikum München rechts der Isar TranslaTUM Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
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5
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Wu J, Chen P, Chen J, Ye X, Cao S, Sun C, Jin Y, Zhang L, Du S. Integrated ratiometric fluorescence probe-based acoustofluidic platform for visual detection of anthrax biomarker. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 214:114538. [PMID: 35820251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The sensitive detection of dipicolinic acid (DPA) as an excellent biomarker of Bacillus anthracis, especially through visual point-of-care testing, is significant for accurate and rapid diagnosis of anthrax to timely prevent anthrax disease or biological terrorist attack. Herein, an acoustofluidics-based colorimetric platform with the integrated ratiometric fluorescence probe (INT-probe) was fabricated, which improved the sensitivity of visual detection for DPA and overcame the poor reproducibility of the existing acoustofluidics-assisted colorimetric analysis. For the design of INT-probe, Eu3+-EDTA complex as sensing moiety was grafted onto the surface of blue organosilane-functionalized carbon dots (SiCDs)-doped SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Upon exposure to DPA, Eu3+ was sensitized by DPA to emit red luminescence, while the SiCDs as reference inside the SiO2 NPs still kept the blue fluorescence unchanged. Attributed to the acoustic radiation force-driven enrichment of the INT-probe, slight color changes caused by low concentration of DPA could be amplified and distinguished by naked-eyes/smartphone. With the increase of DPA concentration, obvious color variations of INT-probe/DPA aggregates from blue to pink could be observed, and the color information of the fluorescent aggregates was converted to red, green and blue values for quantitative analysis, whose lowest detectable concentration reached 100 nM that is about 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than the infectious dosage of Bacillus anthracis spores (60 μM). Importantly, benefiting from the great color signal enhancement by acoustofluidic sensing platform, the usage of Eu3+ reduced to as low as 0.273 μmol per gram of SiO2 NPs, providing a meaningful way to utilize lanthanide resource efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xiangxue Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Shurui Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Chuqiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yang Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Shuhu Du
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
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6
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Lu X, Ai Y. Automatic Microfluidic Cell Wash Platform for Purifying Cells in Suspension: Puriogen. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9424-9433. [PMID: 35658406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell wash is an essential cell sample preparation procedure to eliminate or minimize interfering substances for various subsequent cell analyses. The commonly used cell wash method is centrifugation which separates cells from other biomolecules in a solution with manual pipetting and has many drawbacks such as being labor-intensive and time-consuming with substantial cell loss and cell clumping. To overcome these issues, a centrifuge-free and automatic cell wash platform for cell purity generation, termed Puriogen, has been developed in this work. Compared with other developed products such as AcouWash, Puriogen can process samples with a high throughput of above 500 μL/min. Puriogen utilizes a uniquely designed inertial microfluidic device to complete the automatic cell wash procedure. One single-cell wash procedure with the Puriogen platform can remove more than 90% ambient proteins and nucleic acids from the cell sample. It can also remove most of the residual fluorescent dye after cell staining to significantly reduce the background signals for subsequent cell analysis. By removing the dead cell debris, it can increase the live cell percentage in the sample by 2-fold. Moreover, the percentage of single-cell population is also increased by 20% because of further disassociation of small-cell aggregates (e.g., doublets and triplets) into singlets. To freely adjust cell concentrations, the Puriogen platform can concentrate cells 5 times in a single flow-through process. The presented Puriogen cell wash solution has broad applications in cell preparation with its excellent simplicity in operation and wash efficiency, especially in single-cell sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Lu
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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7
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Novotny J, Lenshof A, Laurell T. Acoustofluidic platforms for particle manipulation. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:804-818. [PMID: 34719049 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in acoustics for microfluidic applications. This field, commonly known as acoustofluidics involves the interaction of ultrasonic standing waves with fluids and dispersed microparticles. The combination of microfluidics and the so-called acoustic standing waves (ASWs) led to the development of integrated systems for contact-less on-chip cell and particle manipulation where it is possible to move and spatially localize these particles based on the different acoustophysical properties. While it was initially suggested that the acoustic forces could be harmful to the cells and could impact cell viability, proliferation, or function via phenotypic or even genotypic changes, further studies disproved such claims. This review is summarizing some interesting applications of acoustofluidics in the manipulations of biomaterials, such as cells or subcellular vesicles, in works published mainly within the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Novotny
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Lenshof
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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High-Throughput Cell Concentration Using A Piezoelectric Pump in Closed-Loop Viscoelastic Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12060677. [PMID: 34207912 PMCID: PMC8229193 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell concentration is a critical process in biological assays and clinical diagnostics for the pre-treatment of extremely rare disease-related cells. The conventional technique for sample preconcentration and centrifugation has the limitations of a batch process requiring expensive and large equipment. Therefore, a high-throughput continuous cell concentration technique needs to be developed. However, in single-pass operation, the required concentration ratio is hard to achieve. In this study, we propose a closed-loop continuous cell concentration system using a viscoelastic non-Newtonian fluid. For miniaturized and integrated systems, two piezoelectric pumps were adopted. The pumping capability generated by a piezoelectric pump in a microfluidic channel was evaluated depending on the applied voltage, frequency, sample viscosity, and channel length. The concentration performance of the device was evaluated using 13 μm particles and white blood cells (WBCs) with different channel lengths and voltages. In the closed-loop system, the focused cells collected at the center outlet were sent back to the inlet, while the buffer solution was removed to the side outlets. Finally, to expand the clinical applicability of our closed-loop system, WBCs in lysed blood samples with 70% hematocrit and prostate cancer cells in urine samples were used. Using the closed-loop system, WBCs were concentrated by ~63.4 ± 0.8-fold within 20 min to a final volume of 160 μL using 10 mL of lysed blood sample with 70% hematocrit (~3 cP). In addition, prostate cancer cells in 10 mL urine samples were concentrated by ~64.1-fold within ~11 min due to low viscosity (~1 cP).
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9
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Fan LL, Tian ZZ, Zhe J, Zhao L. Efficient microfluidic enrichment of nano-/submicroparticle in viscoelastic fluid. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2273-2280. [PMID: 33629394 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The enrichment and focusing of the nano-/submicroparticle (e.g., 150-1000 nm microvesicle shed from the plasma membrane) in the viscoelastic fluid has great potentials in the biomedical and clinical applications such as the disease diagnosis and the prognostic test for liquid biopsy. However, due to the small size and the resulting weak hydrodynamic force, the efficient manipulation of the nano-/submicroparticle by the passive viscoelastic microfluidic technology remains a major challenge. For instance, a typically long channel length is often required to achieve the focusing or the separation of the nano-/submicroparticle, which makes it difficult to be integrated in small chip area. In this work, a microchannel with gradually contracted cross-section and high aspect ratio (the ratio of the height to the average width of channel) is utilized to enhance the hydrodynamic force and change the force direction, eventually leading to the efficient enrichment of nano-/submicroparticles (500 and 860 nm) in a short channel length (2 cm). The influence of the flow rate, the particle size, the solid concentration, and the channel geometry on the enrichment of the nano-/submicroparticles are investigated. With simple structure, small footprint, easy operation, and good performance, the present device would be a promising platform for various lab-chip microvesicle-related biomedical research and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Fan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Equipment Engineering and Science (FEES), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang-Zhuang Tian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
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Zhang L, Tian Z, Bachman H, Zhang P, Huang TJ. A Cell-Phone-Based Acoustofluidic Platform for Quantitative Point-of-Care Testing. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3159-3169. [PMID: 32119517 PMCID: PMC7335639 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Acoustofluidic methods, with advantages including simplicity of device design, biocompatible manipulation, and low power consumption, have been touted as promising tools for point-of-care (POC) testing. Here, we report a cell-phone-based acoustofluidic platform that uses acoustic radiation forces to enrich nanoscale analytes and red and green fluorescence nanoparticles (SiO2@R and G@SiO2) as probes for POC visual testing. Thus, the color signals from the fluorescent probes are enhanced, and colorimetric sensitivity is significantly improved. As a POC demonstration, the acoustofluidic platform is used to detect hemoglobin (Hb) from human blood, resulting in a rapid and straightforward measurement of normal blood Hb levels. Combining an acoustofluidic-based nanoparticle-concentration platform with cell-phone-based colorimetry, our method introduces a potential pathway toward practical POC testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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11
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Urbansky A, Olm F, Scheding S, Laurell T, Lenshof A. Label-free separation of leukocyte subpopulations using high throughput multiplex acoustophoresis. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1406-1416. [PMID: 30869100 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00181f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiplex separation of mixed cell samples is required in a variety of clinical and research applications. Herein, we present an acoustic microchip with multiple outlets and integrated pre-alignment channel to enable high performance and label-free separation of three different cell or particle fractions simultaneously at high sample throughput. By implementing a new cooling system for rigorous temperature control and minimal acoustic energy losses, we were able to operate the system isothermally and sort suspensions of 3, 5 and 7 μm beads with high efficiencies (>95.4%) and purities (>96.3%) at flow rates up to 500 μL min-1 corresponding to a throughput of ∼2.5 × 106 beads per min. Also, human viable white blood cells were successfully fractionated into lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes with high purities of 96.5 ± 1.6%, 71.8 ± 10.1% and 98.8 ± 0.5%, respectively, as well as high efficiencies (96.8 ± 3.3%, 66.7 ± 3.2% and 99.0 ± 0.7%) at flow rates up to 100 μL min-1 (∼100 000 cells per min). By increasing the flow rate up to 300 μL min-1 (∼300 000 cells per min) both lymphocytes and granulocytes were still recovered with high purities (92.8 ± 1.9%, 98.2 ± 1 .0%), whereas the monocyte purity decreased to 20.9 ± 10.3%. The proposed isothermal multiplex acoustophoresis platform offers efficient fractionation of complex samples in a label-free and continuous manner at thus far unreached high sample throughput rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Urbansky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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12
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Nam J, Jang WS, Lim CS. Non-electrical powered continuous cell concentration for enumeration of residual white blood cells in WBC-depleted blood using a viscoelastic fluid. Talanta 2019; 197:12-19. [PMID: 30771912 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
White blood cells (WBCs) are one of the critical components whose number has to be reduced before blood transfusion, failing which adverse transfusion effects may occur in patients. However, due to the extremely low concentration of residual WBCs (r-WBCs) in WBC-depleted blood, it is difficult to quantify r-WBCs accurately without using expensive and voluminous instruments. Therefore, the development of a continuous cell concentration technique is required to produce a countable number of cells from rare cells, which cannot normally be detected. In this paper, we present a viscoelastic microfluidic device for sheathless, continuous concentration of WBCs. The device performance was evaluated using polystyrene particles with different sizes at various flow rate conditions in a non-Newtonian fluid compared to a Newtonian fluid. Large particles with a blockage ratio higher than 0.1 were tightly focused at the center and collected at the center outlet with a 98% collection ratio. Meanwhile, the viscosity effect of lysed blood samples with various hematocrits was considered. Finally, diluted WBCs with various dilution ratios were concentrated by ~18-fold and continuous concentration of WBCs in lysed blood samples was performed using a non-electrical powered hand pump sprayer. Without using an external power source, center-focused WBCs were collected at the center outlet at approximately 150 μl/min and the final number of WBCs was increased to 1.8 × 104 cells/ml from undetectable levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghun Nam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woong Sik Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Seung Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Acoustics has a broad spectrum of applications, ranging from noise cancelation to ultrasonic imaging. In the past decade, there has been increasing interest in developing acoustic-based methods for biological and biomedical applications. This Perspective summarizes the recent progress in applying acoustofluidic methods (i.e., the fusion of acoustics and microfluidics) to bioanalytical chemistry. We describe the concepts of acoustofluidics and how it can be tailored to different types of bioanalytical applications, including sample concentration, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, label-free cell/particle separation, and fluid manipulation. Examples of each application are given, and the benefits and limitations of these methods are discussed. Finally, our perspectives on the directions that developing solutions should take to address the bottlenecks in the acoustofluidic applications in bioanalytical chemistry are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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14
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Antfolk M, Laurell T. Acoustofluidic Blood Component Sample Preparation and Processing in Medical Applications. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6229-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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15
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Fan L, Zhu X, Yan Q, Zhe J, Zhao L. A passive microfluidic device for continuous microparticle enrichment. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:1000-1009. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang‐Liang Fan
- School of Food Equipment Engineering and Science Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Liang Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Akron Akron OH USA
| | - Qing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Akron Akron OH USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
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16
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Lejard-Malki R, Follet J, Vlandas A, Senez V. Selective electrohydrodynamic concentration of waterborne parasites on a chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3310-3322. [PMID: 30283951 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00840j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Concentrating diluted samples is a key step to improve detection capabilities. The wise use of scaling laws shows the advantages of working with sub-microliter-sized samples. Rapid progress in MEMS technologies has driven the design of integrated platforms performing many biochemical operations. Here we report a new concentrator device based on electro-hydrodynamic forces which can be easily integrated into electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) platforms. This approach is label-free and applicable to a wide range of micro-objects. The detection and analysis of two common waterborne parasites, Cryptosporidium and Giardia, is a perfect test case due to their global health relevance. By fully controlling the interplay of the various forces acting on the micron-sized Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium muris oocysts, we show that it is possible to concentrate them on the side of a 10 μL initial drop and then extract them efficiently from a droplet of a few hundred nanoliters. We performed a finite element modeling of the forces acting on the parasites' oocysts to optimize the electrodes' shapes. We obtained state-of-the-art concentration factors of 12 ± 0.4 times and 2 to 4 times in the sub-region of the drop and the extracted droplet, respectively, with an efficiency of 70 ± 6%. Furthermore, this device had the ability to selectively concentrate parasites of different species out of a mix. We demonstrated this by segregating C. parvum oocysts from either Giardia lamblia cysts or its related species, C. muris oocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romuald Lejard-Malki
- CNRS, ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, Univ. Lille, Avenue Poincaré, C.S. 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, Lille F-59000, France.
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Vitali V, Yang T, Minzioni P. Separation efficiency maximization in acoustofluidic systems: study of the sample launch-position. RSC Adv 2018; 8:38955-38964. [PMID: 35558286 PMCID: PMC9090638 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08860h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of lab-on-chip microfluidic systems based on acoustic actuation, and in particular on the acoustophoretic force, has recently attracted significant attention from the scientific community thanks, in part, to the possibility of sample sorting on the basis of both geometrical and mechanical properties. It is commonly recognized that sample prefocusing and launch-position optimization have a substantial effect on the performance of these systems but a clear explanation of how these two parameters influence the system efficiency is still missing. In this manuscript we discuss the impact of both the sample launch position and the sample distribution at the input by the theoretical analysis of a simplified system and by numerical simulations of realistic configurations. The results show that the system performance can be greatly improved by selecting the proper microchannel dimensions and sample-launch position, offering relevant guidelines for the design of micro-acoustofluidic lab-on-chip devices. We theoretically and numerically show how to optimize the separation-efficiency of acoustofluidic systems by a non-trivial selection of sample-injection position.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Vitali
- University of Pavia
- Dept. of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - Tie Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Paolo Minzioni
- University of Pavia
- Dept. of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
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18
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Hyun JC, Choi J, Jung YG, Yang S. Microfluidic cell concentrator with a reduced-deviation-flow herringbone structure. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:054108. [PMID: 29034052 PMCID: PMC5617731 DOI: 10.1063/1.5005612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a microfluidic cell concentrator with a reduced-deviation-flow herringbone structure is proposed. The reduced-deviation-flow herringbone structure reduces the magnitude of deviation flow by a factor of 3.3 compared to the original herringbone structure. This structure shows higher recovery efficiency compared to the original herringbone structure for various particle sizes at high flow rate conditions. Using the reduced-deviation-flow herringbone structure, the experimental results show a recovery efficiency of 98.5% and a concentration factor of 3.4× at a flow rate of 100 ml/h for all particle sizes. An iterative concentration process is performed to achieve a higher concentration factor for 10.2-μm particles and Jurkat cells. With two stages of the concentration process, we were able to achieve over 98% recovery efficiency and a concentration factor of 10-11×. Cell viability was found to be above 96% after iterative concentration. We believe that this device could be used to concentrate cells as a preparatory step for studying low-abundance cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Chul Hyun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Jongchan Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Yu-Gyung Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
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19
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Antfolk M, Laurell T. Continuous flow microfluidic separation and processing of rare cells and bioparticles found in blood – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 965:9-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Ryu H, Choi K, Qu Y, Kwon T, Lee JS, Han J. Patient-Derived Airway Secretion Dissociation Technique To Isolate and Concentrate Immune Cells Using Closed-Loop Inertial Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5549-5556. [PMID: 28402103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of airway secretion cells, both for research and clinical purposes, is a highly desired goal in patients with acute and chronic pulmonary diseases. However, lack of proper cell isolation and enrichment techniques hinder downstream evaluation and characterization of cells found in airway secretions. Here, we demonstrate a novel enrichment method to capture immune-related cells from clinical airway secretions using closed-loop separation of spiral inertial microfluidics (C-sep). By recirculating the output focusing stream back to the input reservoir and running continuously with a high flow processing rate, one can achieve optimal concentration, recovery and purity of airway immune cells from a large volume of diluent, which was not readily possible in the single-pass operation. Our method reproducibly recovers 94.0% of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), with up to 105 PMNs in clear diluted buffer from 50 μL of airway secretions obtained from mechanically ventilated patients. We show that C-sep isolated PMNs show higher neutrophil elastase (NE) release following activation by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) than cells isolated by conventional mucolytic method. By capturing cells without chemically disrupting their potential function, our method is expected to expand the possibility of clinical in vitro cell based biological assays for various pulmonary diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, and bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunryul Ryu
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, §Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Medicine and the ⊥Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , NW628 Montefiore University Hospital, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kyungyong Choi
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, §Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Medicine and the ⊥Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , NW628 Montefiore University Hospital, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yanyan Qu
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, §Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Medicine and the ⊥Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , NW628 Montefiore University Hospital, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Taehong Kwon
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, §Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Medicine and the ⊥Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , NW628 Montefiore University Hospital, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Janet S Lee
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, §Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Medicine and the ⊥Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , NW628 Montefiore University Hospital, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, §Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Medicine and the ⊥Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , NW628 Montefiore University Hospital, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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21
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Martinez-Duarte R. Fabrication challenges and perspectives on the use of carbon-electrode dielectrophoresis in sample preparation. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:127-133. [PMID: 28476994 PMCID: PMC8676545 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this review is to assess the current status of three-dimensional (3D) carbon-electrode dielectrophoresis (carbonDEP) and identify the challenges currently preventing it from its use in high-throughput applications such as sample preparation for diagnostics. The use of 3D electrodes over more traditional planar ones is emphasised here as a way to increase the throughput of DEP devices. Glass-like carbon electrodes are derived through the carbonisation of photoresist structures made using photolithography. These biocompatible carbon electrodes are not ideal electrical conductors but are more electrochemically stable than noble metals such as gold and platinum. They are also significantly less expensive than common electrode materials, both in terms of material cost and fabrication process. CarbonDEP has been demonstrated for the manipulation of microorganisms and biomolecules. This review is divided in three main sections: (i) carbonDEP fabrication process; (ii) applications using 3D carbonDEP; and (iii) challenges and perspectives on the use of carbonDEP for high-throughput applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Multiscale Manufacturing Laboratory, Clemson University, 204 Fluor Daniel, Clemson, SC 29672, USA.
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22
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Destgeer G, Jung JH, Park J, Ahmed H, Park K, Ahmad R, Sung HJ. Acoustic impedance-based manipulation of elastic microspheres using travelling surface acoustic waves. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01168g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Size-independent separation of particles is performed using difference in acoustic impedances via travelling surface acoustic waves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Ho Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- KAIST
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- KAIST
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Husnain Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- KAIST
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Kwangseok Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- KAIST
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Raheel Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- KAIST
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Sung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- KAIST
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
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23
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24
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Destgeer G, Jung JH, Park J, Ahmed H, Sung HJ. Particle Separation inside a Sessile Droplet with Variable Contact Angle Using Surface Acoustic Waves. Anal Chem 2016; 89:736-744. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Destgeer
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Jung
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Husnain Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Sung
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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25
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Shields Iv CW, Wang JL, Ohiri KA, Essoyan ED, Yellen BB, Armstrong AJ, López GP. Magnetic separation of acoustically focused cancer cells from blood for magnetographic templating and analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3833-3844. [PMID: 27713979 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00719h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies hold enormous promise for the next generation of medical diagnoses. At the forefront of this effort, many are seeking to capture, enumerate and analyze circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a means to prognosticate and develop individualized treatments for cancer. Capturing these rare cells, however, represents a major engineering challenge due to their low abundance, morphology and heterogeneity. A variety of microfluidic tools have been developed to isolate CTCs from drawn blood samples; however, few of these approaches offer a means to separate and analyze cells in an integrated system. We have developed a microfluidic platform comprised of three modules that offers high throughput separation of cancer cells from blood and on-chip organization of those cells for streamlined analyses. The first module uses an acoustic standing wave to rapidly align cells in a contact-free manner. The second module then separates magnetically labeled cells from unlabeled cells, offering purities exceeding 85% for cells and 90% for binary mixtures of synthetic particles. Finally, the third module contains a spatially periodic array of microwells with underlying micromagnets to capture individual cells for on-chip analyses (e.g., staining, imaging and quantification). This array is capable of capturing with accuracies exceeding 80% for magnetically labeled cells and 95% for magnetic particles. Overall, by virtue of its holistic processing of complex biological samples, this system has promise for the isolation and evaluation of rare cancer cells and can be readily extended to address a variety of applications across single cell biology and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wyatt Shields Iv
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Korine A Ohiri
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Eric D Essoyan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Benjamin B Yellen
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Gabriel P López
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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26
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Acousto-microfluidics for screening of ssDNA aptamer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27121. [PMID: 27272884 PMCID: PMC4897735 DOI: 10.1038/srep27121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a new screening method for obtaining a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) binding aptamer based on an acoustofluidic separation (acoustophoreis) technique. Since acoustophoresis provides simultaneous washing and separation in a continuous flow mode, we efficiently obtained a PSA binding aptamer that shows high affinity without any additional washing step, which is necessary in other screening methods. In addition, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to accelerate the identification of the screened ssDNA pool, improving the selecting process of the aptamer candidate based on the frequency ranking of the sequences. After the 8th round of the acoustophoretic systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) and following sequence analysis with NGS, 7 PSA binding ssDNA aptamer-candidates were obtained and characterized with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for affinity and specificity. As a result of the new SELEX method with PSA as the model target protein, the best PSA binding aptamer showed specific binding to PSA with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.7 nM.
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27
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Islam M, Natu R, Larraga-Martinez MF, Martinez-Duarte R. Enrichment of diluted cell populations from large sample volumes using 3D carbon-electrode dielectrophoresis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:033107. [PMID: 27375816 PMCID: PMC4912558 DOI: 10.1063/1.4954310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on an enrichment protocol using carbon electrode dielectrophoresis to isolate and purify a targeted cell population from sample volumes up to 4 ml. We aim at trapping, washing, and recovering an enriched cell fraction that will facilitate downstream analysis. We used an increasingly diluted sample of yeast, 10(6)-10(2) cells/ml, to demonstrate the isolation and enrichment of few cells at increasing flow rates. A maximum average enrichment of 154.2 ± 23.7 times was achieved when the sample flow rate was 10 μl/min and yeast cells were suspended in low electrically conductive media that maximizes dielectrophoresis trapping. A COMSOL Multiphysics model allowed for the comparison between experimental and simulation results. Discussion is conducted on the discrepancies between such results and how the model can be further improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monsur Islam
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29631, USA
| | - Rucha Natu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29631, USA
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