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Chen H, Osman SY, Moose DL, Vanneste M, Anderson JL, Henry MD, Anand RK. Quantification of capture efficiency, purity, and single-cell isolation in the recovery of circulating melanoma cells from peripheral blood by dielectrophoresis. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2586-2600. [PMID: 37185977 PMCID: PMC10228177 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a dielectrophoretic method for selection of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs), which lack reliable identifying surface antigens and are extremely rare in blood. This platform captures CMCs individually by dielectrophoresis (DEP) at an array of wireless bipolar electrodes (BPEs) aligned to overlying nanoliter-scale chambers, which isolate each cell for subsequent on-chip single-cell analysis. To determine the best conditions to employ for CMC isolation in this DEP-BPE platform, the static and dynamic dielectrophoretic response of established melanoma cell lines, melanoma cells from patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were evaluated as a function of frequency using two established DEP platforms. Further, PBMCs derived from patients with advanced melanoma were compared with those from healthy controls. The results of this evaluation reveal that each DEP method requires a distinct frequency to achieve capture of melanoma cells and that the distribution of dielectric properties of PBMCs is more broadly varied in and among patients versus healthy controls. Based on this evaluation, we conclude that 50 kHz provides the highest capture efficiency on our DEP-BPE platform while maintaining a low rate of capture of unwanted PBMCs. We further quantified the efficiency of single-cell capture on the DEP-BPE platform and found that the efficiency diminished beyond around 25% chamber occupancy, thereby informing the minimum array size that is required. Importantly, the capture efficiency of the DEP-BPE platform for melanoma cells when using optimized conditions matched the performance predicted by our analysis. Finally, isolation of melanoma cells from contrived (spike-in) and clinical samples on our platform using optimized conditions was demonstrated. The capture and individual isolation of CMCs, confirmed by post-capture labeling, from patient-derived samples suggests the potential of this platform for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Sommer Y Osman
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Devon L Moose
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marion Vanneste
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Michael D Henry
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pathology, Urology and Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Robbyn K Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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2
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Banovetz JT, Manimaran S, Schelske B, Anand RK. Parallel Dielectrophoretic Capture, Isolation, and Electrical Lysis of Individual Breast Cancer Cells to Assess Variability in Enzymatic Activity. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7880-7887. [PMID: 37172139 PMCID: PMC10578154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell heterogeneity drives disease progression and response to therapy, and therefore, there is a need for single-cell analysis methods. In this paper, we present an integrated, scalable method to analyze enzymatic activity in many individual cancer cells at once. The reported method uses dielectrophoresis (DEP) to selectively capture tumor cells at wireless electrodes aligned to an overlying array of cell-sized micropockets. Following hydrodynamic transfer of the captured cells into microfluidic chambers, the chambers are fluidically isolated and sealed with a hydrophobic ionic liquid, which possesses sufficient conductivity to allow for subsequent electrical lysis of the cells to access their contents for enzymatic assay. The wireless electrodes have an interlocking spiral design that ensures successful electrical lysis regardless of the location of the cell within the chamber. Here, breast cancer cells are assessed for β-galactosidase through its activation of a fluorogenic substrate. A key point is that the fluorogenic assay solution was optimized to allow for dielectrophoretic cell capture, thereby obviating the need for a solution exchange step. Our approach has several distinct advantages including a high rate of single-cell capture, a capture efficiency that is independent of the dimensions of the reaction chambers, no need for mechanical closure of reaction volumes, and no observed cross-talk. In this study, first, the steps of cell capture, transfer, and lysis are established on this platform in the presence of the optimized assay solution. We then quantify the increase in fluorescence intensity obtained over the duration of the enzymatic assay of individual cells. Finally, this method is applied to the analysis of β-galactosidase activity in 258 individual MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, revealing heterogeneity in expression of this enzyme in this cell line. We expect that the adaptability of this method will allow for expanded studies of single-cell enzymatic expression and activity. This will in turn open avenues of research into cancer cell heterogeneity in metabolism, invasiveness, and drug response. The ability to study these features of cancer at the single-cell level raises the possibility for treatment plans tailored to target the specific combinations of cell subpopulations present in tumors. Furthermore, we expect that this method can be adapted to uses outside of cancer research, such as studies of neuron metabolism, pathogenesis in bacteria, and stem cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T. Banovetz
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1021, USA
| | - Sivani Manimaran
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1021, USA
| | - Benjamin Schelske
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1021, USA
| | - Robbyn K. Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1021, USA
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Recent advances in integrated microfluidics for liquid biopsies and future directions. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 217:114715. [PMID: 36174359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have piqued the interest of researchers as a new tumor diagnosis technique due to their unique benefits of non-invasiveness, sensitivity, and convenience. Recent advances in microfluidic technology have integrated separation, purification, and detection, allowing for high-throughput, high-sensitivity, and high-controllability detection of specific biomarkers in liquid biopsies. With the increasing demand for tumor detection and individualized treatment, new challenges are emerging for the ever-improving microfluidic technology. The state-of-the-art microfluidic design and fabrications have been reviewed in this manuscript, and how this technology can be applied to liquid biopsies from the point of view of the detection process. The primary discussion objectives are circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, and circulating nucleic acid (ctDNA). Furthermore, the challenges and future direction of microfluidic technology in detecting liquid biomarkers have been discussed.
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4
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Li F, Xu H, Zhao Y. Magnetic particles as promising circulating tumor cell catchers assisting liquid biopsy in cancer diagnosis: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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5
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Jiang M, Jin S, Han J, Li T, Shi J, Zhong Q, Li W, Tang W, Huang Q, Zong H. Detection and clinical significance of circulating tumor cells in colorectal cancer. Biomark Res 2021; 9:85. [PMID: 34798902 PMCID: PMC8605607 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Histopathological examination (biopsy) is the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, biopsy is an invasive method, and due to the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of the tumor, a single biopsy cannot reveal the comprehensive biological characteristics and dynamic changes of the tumor. Therefore, there is a need for new biomarkers to improve CRC diagnosis and to monitor and treat CRC patients. Numerous studies have shown that "liquid biopsy" is a promising minimally invasive method for early CRC detection. A liquid biopsy mainly samples circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNA (miRNA) and extracellular vesicles (EVs). CTCs are malignant cells that are shed from the primary tumors and/or metastases into the peripheral circulation. CTCs carry information on both primary tumors and metastases that can reflect dynamic changes in tumors in a timely manner. As a promising biomarker, CTCs can be used for early disease detection, treatment response and disease progression evaluation, disease mechanism elucidation, and therapeutic target identification for drug development. This review will discuss currently available technologies for plasma CTC isolation and detection, their utility in the management of CRC patients and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shuiling Jin
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Tong Li
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Precision Medicine Center, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qian Zhong
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wenxue Tang
- Departments of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Qinqin Huang
- Academy of medical science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Hong Zong
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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A Novel Approach for Tuning of Fluidic Resistance in Deterministic Lateral Displacement Array for Enhanced Separation of Circulating Tumor Cells. Cognit Comput 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12559-021-09904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Liu X, Huang L, Qian K. Nanomaterial‐Based Electrochemical Sensors: Mechanism, Preparation, and Application in Biomedicine. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes Division of Cardiology Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University 160 Pujian Road Shanghai 200127 P.R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P.R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- Stem Cell Research Center Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University 160 Pujian Road Shanghai 200127 P.R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes Division of Cardiology Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University 160 Pujian Road Shanghai 200127 P.R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P.R. China
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8
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Xu S, Wu L, Qin Y, Jiang Y, Sun K, Holcomb C, Gravett MG, Vojtech L, Schiro PG, Chiu DT. Sequential Ensemble-Decision Aliquot Ranking Isolation and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Identification of Rare Cells from Blood by Using Concentrated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3196-3201. [PMID: 33528996 PMCID: PMC9901914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Isolation and analysis of circulating rare cells is a promising approach for early detection of cancer and other diseases and for prenatal diagnosis. Isolation of rare cells is usually difficult due to their heterogeneity as well as their low abundance in peripheral blood. We previously reported a two-stage ensemble-decision aliquot ranking platform (S-eDAR) for isolating circulating tumor cells from whole blood with high throughput, high recovery rate (>90%), and good purity (>70%), allowing detection of low surface antigen-expressing cancer cells linked to metastasis. However, due to the scarcity of these cells, large sample volumes and large quantities of antibodies were required to isolate sufficient cells for downstream analysis. Here, we drastically increased the number of nucleated cells analyzed by first concentrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from whole blood by density gradient centrifugation. The S-eDAR platform was capable of isolating rare cells from concentrated PBMCs (108/mL, equivalent to processing ∼20 mL of whole blood in the 1 mL sample volume used by our instrument) at a high recovery rate (>85%). We then applied the S-eDAR platform for isolating rare fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) from concentrated PBMCs spiked with umbilical cord blood cells and confirmed fNRBC recovery by immunostaining and fluorescence in situ hybridization, demonstrating the potential of the S-eDAR system for isolating rare fetal cells from maternal PBMCs to improve noninvasive prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yuling Qin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chenee Holcomb
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael G. Gravett
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lucia Vojtech
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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9
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Zhang X, Lu X, Gao W, Wang Y, Jia C, Cong H. A label-free microfluidic chip for the highly selective isolation of single and cluster CTCs from breast cancer patients. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:100959. [PMID: 33248414 PMCID: PMC7704402 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our results showed that this new chip had an important clinical value of patients with metastatic breast cancer. CTCs count showed good prospects in monitoring cancer prognosis and guiding future individualized treatment. We have manufactured a new microfluidic chip to isolate and identify CTCs and CTCs clusters with high throughput.
Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) existing in peripheral blood can be used to predict the prognosis and survival of cancer patients. The study was designed to detect circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor single cell genes by applying microfluidic chip technology. It was used to explore the clinical application value in breast cancer. Methods We have developed a size-based CTCs sorting microfluidic chip, which contains a hexagonal array and a micro-pipe channel array to isolate and confirm both single CTCs and CTCs clusters. The sorting performance of the as-fabricated chip was tested by analyzing the clinical samples collected from 129 breast cancer patients and 50 healthy persons. Results In this study, the chip can detect different immunophenotypes of CTCs in breast cancer patients. It was found that the new microfluidic device had high sensitivity (73.6%) and specificity (82.0%) in detecting CTCs. By detecting the blood samples of 129 breast cancer patients and 50 healthy blood donors, it was found that the number of CTCs was not associated with clinical factors such as age, gender, pathological type, and tumor size of breast cancer patients (P > 0.05), but was associated with TNM staging of breast cancer, with or without metastasis (P < 0.005). There was a statistically significant difference in the number of CTCs between luminal A (ER+/PR+/HER2-) and HER-2+ (ER-/PR-/HER2+) (P < 0.05). The best cut-off level distinguished by CTC between the breast cancer patients and the healthy persons was 3.5 cells/mL, with 0.845 for AUC-ROC, 0.790–0.901 for 95% CI, 73.6% for sensitivity, and 82% for specificity (P = 0.000). The combination of CTC, CEA, CA125 and CA153 can provide more effective breast cancer screening. Conclusions The CTCs analysis method presented here doesn't rely on the specific antibody, such as anti-EpCAM, which would avoid the missed inspection caused by antibody-relied methods and offer more comprehensive biological information for clinical breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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10
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Johnson ES, Xu S, Yu HM, Fang WF, Qin Y, Wu L, Wang J, Zhao M, Schiro PG, Fujimoto B, Chen JL, Chiu DT. Isolating Rare Cells and Circulating Tumor Cells with High Purity by Sequential eDAR. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14605-14610. [PMID: 31646861 PMCID: PMC9847251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Isolation and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the blood of patients at risk of metastatic cancers is a promising approach to improving cancer treatment. However, CTC isolation is difficult due to low CTC abundance and heterogeneity. Previously, we reported an ensemble-decision aliquot ranking (eDAR) platform for the rare cell and CTC isolation with high throughput, greater than 90% recovery, and high sensitivity, allowing detection of low surface antigen-expressing cells linked to metastasis. Here we demonstrate a sequential eDAR platform capable of isolating rare cells from whole blood with high purity. This improvement in purity is achieved by using a sequential sorting and flow stretching design in which whole blood is sorted and fluid elements are stretched using herringbone features and the parabolic flow profile being sorted a second time. This platform can be used to collect single CTCs in a multiwell plate for downstream analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor S. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Shihan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, United States,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Hui-Min Yu
- MiCareo Inc., Xing-Ai Road Ln. 77 No. 69 5F, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Feng Fang
- MiCareo Inc., Xing-Ai Road Ln. 77 No. 69 5F, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yuling Qin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jiasi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Mengxia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Perry G. Schiro
- MiCareo Inc., Xing-Ai Road Ln. 77 No. 69 5F, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bryant Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jui-Lin Chen
- MiCareo Inc., Xing-Ai Road Ln. 77 No. 69 5F, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, United States,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
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11
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Thege FI, Gruber CN, Cardle II, Cong SH, Lannin TB, Kirby BJ. anti-EGFR capture mitigates EMT- and chemoresistance-associated heterogeneity in a resistance-profiling CTC platform. Anal Biochem 2019; 577:26-33. [PMID: 30790546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Capture and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) holds promise for diagnosing and guiding treatment of pancreatic cancer. To accurately monitor disease progression, capture platforms must be robust to processes that increase the phenotypic heterogeneity of CTCs. Most CTC-analysis technologies rely on the recognition of epithelial-specific markers for capture and identification, in particular the epithelial cell-adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and cytokeratin. As the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the acquisition of chemoresistance are both associated with loss of epithelial markers and characteristics, the effect of these processes on the expression of commonly used CTC markers, specifically EpCAM, EGFR and cytokeratin, requires further exploration. To determine this effect, we developed an in vitro model of EMT and acquired gemcitabine resistance in human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Using this model, we show that EMT-induction and acquired chemoresistance decrease EpCAM expression and microfluidic anti-EpCAM capture performance. Furthermore, we find that EGFR capture is more robust to these processes. By measuring the expression of known mediators of chemoresistance in captured cells using automated imaging and image processing, we demonstrate the ability to resistance-profile cells on-chip. We expect that this approach will allow for the development of improved non-invasive biomarkers of pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Brian J Kirby
- Cornell University, Ithaca, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
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12
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Optofluidic real-time cell sorter for longitudinal CTC studies in mouse models of cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2232-2236. [PMID: 30674677 PMCID: PMC6369805 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814102116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a fundamental role in cancer progression. However, in mice, limited blood volume and the rarity of CTCs in the bloodstream preclude longitudinal, in-depth studies of these cells using existing liquid biopsy techniques. Here, we present an optofluidic system that continuously collects fluorescently labeled CTCs from a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) for several hours per day over multiple days or weeks. The system is based on a microfluidic cell sorting chip connected serially to an unanesthetized mouse via an implanted arteriovenous shunt. Pneumatically controlled microfluidic valves capture CTCs as they flow through the device, and CTC-depleted blood is returned back to the mouse via the shunt. To demonstrate the utility of our system, we profile CTCs isolated longitudinally from animals over 4 days of treatment with the BET inhibitor JQ1 using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and show that our approach eliminates potential biases driven by intermouse heterogeneity that can occur when CTCs are collected across different mice. The CTC isolation and sorting technology presented here provides a research tool to help reveal details of how CTCs evolve over time, allowing studies to credential changes in CTCs as biomarkers of drug response and facilitating future studies to understand the role of CTCs in metastasis.
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13
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Li T, Li N, Ma Y, Bai YJ, Xing CM, Gong YK. A blood cell repelling and tumor cell capturing surface for high-purity enrichment of circulating tumor cells. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6087-6098. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01649j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A red blood cell membrane mimetic surface decorated with FA and RGD ligands can efficiently capture tumor cells with high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Yao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Yun-Jie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Mei Xing
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Yong-Kuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
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14
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Abdulla A, Liu W, Gholamipour-Shirazi A, Sun J, Ding X. High-Throughput Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells Using Cascaded Inertial Focusing Microfluidic Channel. Anal Chem 2018. [PMID: 29537252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are rare cells that detach from a primary or metastasis tumor and flow into the bloodstream. Intact and viable tumor cells are needed for genetic characterization of CTCs, new drug development, and other research. Although separation of CTCs using spiral channel with two outlets has been reported, few literature demonstrated simultaneous isolation of different types of CTCs from human blood using cascaded inertial focusing microfluidic channel. Herein, we introduce a cascaded microfluidic device consisting of two spiral channels and one zigzag channel designed with different fluid fields, including lift force, Dean drag force, and centrifugal force. Both red blood cells (RBCs)-lysed human blood spiked with CTCs and 1:50 diluted human whole blood spiked with CTCs were tested on the presented chip. This chip successfully separated RBCs, white blood cells (WBCs), and two different types of tumor cells (human lung cancer cells (A549) and human breast cancer cells (MCF-7)) simultaneously based on their physical properties. A total of 80.75% of A549 and 73.75% of MCF-7 were faithfully separated from human whole blood. Furthermore, CTCs gathered from outlets could propagate and remained intact. The cell viability of A549 and MCF-7 were 95% and 98%, respectively. The entire separating process for CTCs from blood cells could be finished within 20 min. The cascaded microfluidic device introduced in this study serves as a novel platform for simultaneous isolation of multiple types of CTCs from patient blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Abdulla
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , China
| | - Wenjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , China
| | - Azarmidokht Gholamipour-Shirazi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , China
| | - Xianting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , China
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Li M, Anand RK. High-Throughput Selective Capture of Single Circulating Tumor Cells by Dielectrophoresis at a Wireless Electrode Array. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8950-8959. [PMID: 28609630 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate continuous high-throughput selective capture of circulating tumor cells by dielectrophoresis at arrays of wireless electrodes (bipolar electrodes, BPEs). The use of BPEs removes the requirement of ohmic contact to individual array elements, thus enabling otherwise unattainable device formats. Capacitive charging of the electrical double layer at opposing ends of each BPE allows an AC electric field to be transmitted across the entire device. Here, two such designs are described and evaluated. In the first design, BPEs interconnect parallel microchannels. Pockets extruding from either side of the microchannels volumetrically control the number of cells captured at each BPE tip and enhance trapping. High-fidelity single-cell capture was achieved when the pocket dimensions were matched to those of the cells. A second, open design allows many non-targeted cells to pass through. These devices enable high-throughput capture of rare cells and single-cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Robbyn K Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
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Song Y, Tian T, Shi Y, Liu W, Zou Y, Khajvand T, Wang S, Zhu Z, Yang C. Enrichment and single-cell analysis of circulating tumor cells. Chem Sci 2017; 8:1736-1751. [PMID: 28451298 PMCID: PMC5396552 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04671a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 90% of cancer-related deaths are caused by metastatic cancer. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), a type of cancer cell that spreads through the blood after detaching from a solid tumor, are essential for the establishment of distant metastasis for a given cancer. As a new type of liquid biopsy, analysis of CTCs offers the possibility to avoid invasive tissue biopsy procedures with practical implications for diagnostics. The fundamental challenges of analyzing and profiling CTCs are the extremely low abundances of CTCs in the blood and the intrinsic heterogeneity of CTCs. Various technologies have been proposed for the enrichment and single-cell analysis of CTCs. This review aims to provide in-depth insights into CTC analysis, including various techniques for isolation of CTCs with capture methods based on physical and biochemical principles, and single-cell analysis of CTCs at the genomic, proteomic and phenotypic level, as well as current developmental trends and promising research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation , The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemical Engineering , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China .
- College of Biological Science and Engineering , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116 , P. R. China
| | - Tian Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation , The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemical Engineering , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China .
| | - Yuanzhi Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation , The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemical Engineering , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China .
| | - Wenli Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation , The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemical Engineering , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China .
| | - Yuan Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation , The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemical Engineering , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China .
| | - Tahereh Khajvand
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation , The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemical Engineering , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China .
| | - Sili Wang
- Department of Hematology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation , The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemical Engineering , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China .
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation , The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemical Engineering , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China .
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